Verse 28

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.16.28", "source": "אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת יְשַׁלַּ֣ח מָד֑וֹן וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן‪[6]‬ מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף׃", "text": "*ʾîš* *tahpukôt* *yᵉšallaḥ* *mādôn* and-*nirgān* *maprîd* *ʾallûp*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - man of", "*tahpukôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - perversity/perverse things", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - sends out/spreads", "*mādôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - strife/contention/dispute", "*wᵉ*": "conjunction - and", "*nirgān*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - whisperer/slanderer", "*maprîd*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - separates/divides", "*ʾallûp*": "noun, masculine, singular - close friend/companion/chief" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš tahpukôt*": "man of perversity/perverse person/troublemaker", "*nirgān*": "whisperer/slanderer/gossiper", "*ʾallûp*": "close friend/intimate companion/chief" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Prov 17:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.17.9", "source": "מְכַסֶּה־פֶּשַׁע מְבַקֵּשׁ אַהֲבָה וְשֹׁנֶה בְדָבָר מַפְרִיד אַלּוּף", "text": "*məkaseh*-*peša'* *məbaqqēš* *'ahăbāh* *wə-šōneh* in *dābār* *maprîd* *'allûp*", "grammar": { "*məkaseh*": "participle, Piel - covering/concealing", "*peša'*": "noun, masculine singular - transgression/rebellion", "*məbaqqēš*": "participle, Piel - seeking", "*'ahăbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - love", "*wə-šōneh*": "conjunction + participle, Qal - and repeating", "*bə-dābār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in a matter", "*maprîd*": "participle, Hiphil - separating/dividing", "*'allûp*": "noun, masculine singular - friend/confidant/chief" }, "variants": { "*məkaseh*": "covering/concealing/hiding", "*peša'*": "transgression/rebellion/sin", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/pursuing", "*'ahăbāh*": "love/affection", "*šōneh*": "repeating/rehearsing/harping on", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing", "*maprîd*": "separating/dividing/alienating", "*'allûp*": "friend/companion/chief/intimate associate" } }
  • Prov 15:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.15.18", "source": "אִ֣ישׁ חֵ֭מָה יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וְאֶ֥רֶך אַ֝פַּ֗יִם יַשְׁקִ֥יט רִֽיב׃", "text": "*ʾîš ḥēmāh yəḡāreh mādôn wəʾerek ʾappayim yašqîṭ rîḇ*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ḥēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rage/anger/wrath", "*yəḡāreh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stirs up/provokes", "*mādôn*": "noun, masculine singular - strife/contention", "*wəʾerek*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular construct - but slow of", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - nostrils/anger", "*yašqîṭ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - calms/quiets", "*rîḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/quarrel" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš ḥēmāh*": "man of anger/hot-tempered person", "*yəḡāreh mādôn*": "stirs up strife/provokes contention", "*wəʾerek ʾappayim*": "but slow to anger/yet patient person (lit: long of nostrils)", "*yašqîṭ rîḇ*": "calms dispute/quiets quarrel" } }
  • Prov 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.18.8", "source": "דִּבְרֵ֣י נִ֭רְגָּן כְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִ֑ים וְ֝הֵ֗ם יָרְד֥וּ חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃", "text": "*diḇrê* *nirgān* like-*miṯlahamîm* and-they *yārəḏû* *ḥaḏrê*-*ḇāṭen*", "grammar": { "*diḇrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*nirgān*": "noun, masculine singular - whisperer/slanderer/gossip", "*miṯlahamîm*": "verb, hithpael participle, masculine plural - gulping down/devouring eagerly", "*yārəḏû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - go down/descend", "*ḥaḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - innermost parts of/chambers of", "*ḇāṭen*": "noun, feminine singular - belly/stomach/innermost being" }, "variants": { "*nirgān*": "whisperer/slanderer/gossip/talebearer", "*miṯlahamîm*": "gulping down/devouring eagerly/delicious morsels/dainties", "*ḥaḏrê*": "innermost parts/chambers/rooms", "*ḇāṭen*": "belly/stomach/womb/innermost being" } }
  • Prov 26:20-22 : 20 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.20", "source": "בְּאֶ֣פֶס עֵ֭צִים תִּכְבֶּה־אֵ֑שׁ וּבְאֵ֥ין נִ֝רְגָּ֗ן יִשְׁתֹּ֥ק מָדֽוֹן׃", "text": "In-*efes* *etzim* *tikhbeh*-*esh*, and-in-absence-of *nirgan* *yishtoq* *madon*.", "grammar": { "*be*": "preposition - in", "*efes*": "noun, masculine, singular - ceasing/end of", "*etzim*": "noun, masculine, plural - wood/trees", "*tikhbeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - goes out", "*esh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*uve'ein*": "conjunction with preposition and construct particle - and in absence of", "*nirgan*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - whisperer/talebearer", "*yishtoq*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases", "*madon*": "noun, masculine, singular - strife/contention" }, "variants": { "*efes*": "ceasing/end/no more", "*etzim*": "wood/timber/trees", "*tikhbeh*": "goes out/is extinguished", "*esh*": "fire", "*ein*": "there is not/absence of", "*nirgan*": "whisperer/talebearer/gossip", "*yishtoq*": "ceases/quiets down/is stilled", "*madon*": "strife/contention/quarreling" } } 21 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.21", "source": "פֶּחָ֣ם לְ֭גֶחָלִים וְעֵצִ֣ים לְאֵ֑שׁ וְאִ֥ישׁ *מדונים **מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים לְחַרְחַר־רִֽיב׃", "text": "*Peḥam* to-*geḥalim* and-*etzim* to-*esh*, and-*ish* *midyanim* to-*ḥarḥar*-*riv*.", "grammar": { "*peḥam*": "noun, masculine, singular - charcoal", "*le*": "preposition - to", "*geḥalim*": "noun, masculine, plural - coals", "*ve*": "conjunction - and", "*etzim*": "noun, masculine, plural - wood/trees", "*le*": "preposition - to", "*esh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*ve*": "conjunction - and", "*ish*": "noun, masculine, singular - man", "*midyanim*": "noun, masculine, plural - contentions/strifes", "*le*": "preposition - to", "*ḥarḥar*": "verb, Pilpel infinitive construct - to kindle/inflame", "*riv*": "noun, masculine, singular - dispute/quarrel" }, "variants": { "*peḥam*": "charcoal/coal", "*geḥalim*": "coals/burning coals", "*etzim*": "wood/timber", "*esh*": "fire", "*ish*": "man/person", "*midyanim*": "contentions/strifes/quarrels", "*ḥarḥar*": "to kindle/to inflame/to stir up", "*riv*": "dispute/quarrel/strife" } } 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.22", "source": "דִּבְרֵ֣י נִ֭רְגָּן כְּמִֽתְלַהֲמִ֑ים וְ֝הֵ֗ם יָרְד֥וּ חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן׃", "text": "*Divrei* *nirgan* like-*mitlahamim*, and-they *yaredu* *ḥadrei*-*vaten*.", "grammar": { "*divrei*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - words of", "*nirgan*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - whisperer/talebearer", "*ke*": "preposition - like", "*mitlahamim*": "verb, Hithpael participle, masculine plural - swallowing greedily", "*ve*": "conjunction - and", "*hem*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*yaredu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - go down", "*ḥadrei*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - chambers of", "*vaten*": "noun, masculine, singular - belly/innermost being" }, "variants": { "*divrei*": "words of/sayings of", "*nirgan*": "whisperer/talebearer/gossip", "*mitlahamim*": "delicious morsels/dainty bits/things swallowed greedily", "*yaredu*": "go down/descend", "*ḥadrei*": "chambers of/rooms of/innermost parts of", "*vaten*": "belly/abdomen/innermost being" } }
  • Prov 29:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.29.22", "source": "אִֽישׁ־אַ֭ף יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וּבַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה רַב־פָּֽשַׁע׃", "text": "*ʾîš*-*ʾap* *yəgāreh* *mādôn* *û*-*ḇaʿal* *ḥēmāh* *raḇ*-*pāšaʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ʾap*": "noun, masculine singular - anger/nose", "*yəgāreh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stirs up/provokes", "*mādôn*": "noun, masculine singular - strife/contention", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ḇaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - owner of/master of", "*ḥēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rage/wrath", "*raḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - much/many of", "*pāšaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - transgression/rebellion" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš-ʾap*": "angry man/hot-tempered person", "*yəgāreh*": "stirs up/provokes/incites", "*mādôn*": "strife/contention/discord", "*ḇaʿal ḥēmāh*": "master of rage/hot-tempered person/wrathful person", "*raḇ-pāšaʿ*": "abounds in transgression/commits many sins" } }
  • Prov 30:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.33", "source": "כִּ֤י מִ֪יץ חָלָ֡ב י֘וֹצִ֤יא חֶמְאָ֗ה וּֽמִיץ־אַ֭ף י֣וֹצִיא דָ֑ם וּמִ֥יץ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם י֣וֹצִיא רִֽיב׃", "text": "*kî* *mîṣ* *ḥālāb* *yôṣîʾ* *ḥemʾāh* *û-mîṣ*-*ʾap* *yôṣîʾ* *dām* *û-mîṣ* *ʾappayim* *yôṣîʾ* *rîb*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mîṣ*": "masculine singular construct noun - pressing/churning", "*ḥālāb*": "masculine singular noun - milk", "*yôṣîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from *yṣʾ* - brings forth", "*ḥemʾāh*": "feminine singular noun - butter/curds", "*û-mîṣ*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct noun - and pressing", "*ʾap*": "masculine singular noun - nose/anger", "*yôṣîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from *yṣʾ* - brings forth", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*û-mîṣ*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct noun - and pressing", "*ʾappayim*": "masculine dual noun - nostrils/anger", "*yôṣîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from *yṣʾ* - brings forth", "*rîb*": "masculine singular noun - quarrel/strife/dispute" }, "variants": { "*mîṣ*": "pressing/churning/wringing", "*ḥemʾāh*": "butter/curds/cream", "*ʾap*": "nose/anger/wrath", "*ʾappayim*": "nostrils/nose/anger (more intense than single form)", "*rîb*": "strife/contention/dispute/quarrel" } }
  • Rom 1:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Romans.1.29", "source": "Πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πορνείᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ· μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας· ψιθυριστάς,", "text": "*Peplērōmenous* *pasē* *adikia*, *porneia*, *ponēria*, *pleonexia*, *kakia*· *mestous* *phthonou*, *phonou*, *eridos*, *dolou*, *kakoētheias*· *psithyristas*,", "grammar": { "*Peplērōmenous*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having been filled", "*pasē*": "dative, feminine, singular, adjective - all/every kind of", "*adikia*": "dative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness", "*porneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality", "*ponēria*": "dative, feminine, singular - wickedness", "*pleonexia*": "dative, feminine, singular - greed", "*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice", "*mestous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - full of", "*phthonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - envy", "*phonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - murder", "*eridos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - strife", "*dolou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - deceit", "*kakoētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - maliciousness", "*psithyristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - whisperers/gossips" }, "variants": { "*Peplērōmenous*": "having been filled/completed/fulfilled", "*adikia*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing", "*porneia*": "sexual immorality/fornication", "*ponēria*": "wickedness/evil/malice", "*pleonexia*": "greed/covetousness", "*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness", "*mestous*": "full of/filled with", "*phthonou*": "envy/jealousy", "*phonou*": "murder/killing", "*eridos*": "strife/contention/quarreling", "*dolou*": "deceit/trickery/guile", "*kakoētheias*": "maliciousness/evil disposition", "*psithyristas*": "whisperers/gossips/secret slanderers" } }
  • 2 Cor 12:20 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.12.20", "source": "Φοβοῦμαι γὰρ, μή πως, ἐλθὼν, οὐχ οἵους θέλω εὕρω ὑμᾶς, κἀγὼ εὑρεθῶ ὑμῖν οἷον οὐ θέλετε: μή πως ἔρεις, ζῆλοι, θυμοί, ἐριθείαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι:", "text": "I *phoboumai* for, *mē pōs*, having *elthōn*, not such as I *thelō eurō* you, and I *heurethō* to you such as not you *thelete*: *mē pōs* *ereis*, *zēloi*, *thymoi*, *eritheiai*, *katalaliai*, *psithyrismoi*, *physiōseis*, *akatastasiai*:", "grammar": { "*phoboumai*": "present indicative, middle/passive, 1st singular - I fear", "*mē pōs*": "negative particle with indefinite adverb - lest somehow", "*elthōn*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having come", "*thelō*": "present indicative, active, 1st singular - I wish/want", "*eurō*": "aorist subjunctive, active, 1st singular - I might find", "*heurethō*": "aorist subjunctive, passive, 1st singular - I might be found", "*thelete*": "present indicative, active, 2nd plural - you wish/want", "*ereis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - strifes/contentions", "*zēloi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - jealousies/rivalries", "*thymoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - outbursts of anger", "*eritheiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - selfish ambitions", "*katalaliai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - slanders/evil speakings", "*psithyrismoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - whisperings/secret slanders", "*physiōseis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - puffings up/conceits", "*akatastasiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - disorders/disturbances" }, "variants": { "*phoboumai*": "I fear/I am afraid", "*elthōn*": "having come/when I come", "*thelō*": "I wish/I want/I desire", "*eurō*": "I might find/I may find", "*heurethō*": "I might be found/I may be found", "*ereis*": "strifes/contentions/quarrels", "*zēloi*": "jealousies/rivalries/envyings", "*thymoi*": "outbursts of anger/rages/furies", "*eritheiai*": "selfish ambitions/factions/rivalries", "*katalaliai*": "slanders/evil speakings/backbitings", "*psithyrismoi*": "whisperings/secret slanders/gossips", "*physiōseis*": "puffings up/conceits/inflations", "*akatastasiai*": "disorders/disturbances/tumults" } }
  • 1 Tim 6:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.6.3", "source": "Εἴ τις ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖ, καὶ μὴ προσέρχεται ὑγιαίνουσιν λόγοις, τοῖς τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ τῇ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλίᾳ·", "text": "If anyone *heterodidaskaleí*, and not *proserchetai hygiainousin logois*, to the ones of the *Kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou*, and to the according to *eusebeian didaskalía*;", "grammar": { "*Ei*": "conditional particle - if", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - anyone", "*heterodidaskaleí*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular, active - teaches differently/teaches other doctrine", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*proserchetai*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle/passive - comes to/approaches/agrees with", "*hygiainousin*": "present participle, dative, masculine, plural, active - sound/healthy/wholesome", "*logois*": "dative, masculine, plural - words/messages/teachings", "*tois tou Kyriou*": "dative, masculine, plural with article - to the ones of the Lord", "*hēmōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 1st person plural - our", "*Iēsou Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Jesus Christ", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*tē*": "article, dative, feminine, singular - to the", "*kat'*": "preposition - according to", "*eusebeian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - godliness/piety", "*didaskalía*": "dative, feminine, singular - teaching/doctrine/instruction" }, "variants": { "*heterodidaskaleí*": "teaches differently/teaches other doctrine/teaches contrary things", "*proserchetai*": "comes to/approaches/agrees with/consents to", "*hygiainousin*": "sound/healthy/wholesome/correct", "*logois*": "words/sayings/messages/teachings", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/Master/Owner", "*eusebeian*": "godliness/piety/devotion/reverence", "*didaskalía*": "teaching/doctrine/instruction" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.6.4", "source": "Τετύφωται, μηδὲν ἐπιστάμενος, ἀλλὰ νοσῶν περὶ ζητήσεις καὶ λογομαχίας, ἐξ ὧν γίνεται φθόνος, ἔρις, βλασφημίαι, ὑπόνοιαι πονηραί,", "text": "He has been *tetyphōtai*, nothing *epistamenos*, but *nosōn* about *zētēseis kai logomachias*, out of which *ginetai phthonos*, *eris*, *blasphēmiai*, *hyponoiai ponērai*,", "grammar": { "*tetyphōtai*": "perfect indicative, 3rd person singular, passive - has been puffed up/conceited", "*mēden*": "negative adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - nothing", "*epistamenos*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular, middle - knowing/understanding", "*alla*": "conjunction, adversative - but", "*nosōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular, active - being sick/diseased/morbidly interested", "*peri*": "preposition - about/concerning", "*zētēseis*": "accusative, feminine, plural - questions/controversies/debates", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*logomachias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - word battles/quarrels about words", "*ex*": "preposition - out of/from", "*hōn*": "relative pronoun, genitive, feminine, plural - which", "*ginetai*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle/passive - comes/arises", "*phthonos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - envy/jealousy", "*eris*": "nominative, feminine, singular - strife/contention", "*blasphēmiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - blasphemies/slanders", "*hyponoiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - suspicions/evil thoughts", "*ponērai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - evil/wicked" }, "variants": { "*tetyphōtai*": "puffed up/conceited/clouded in thinking/proud", "*epistamenos*": "knowing/understanding/comprehending", "*nosōn*": "sick/diseased/obsessed/morbidly interested", "*zētēseis*": "questions/controversies/debates/speculations", "*logomachias*": "word battles/quarrels about words/verbal disputes", "*phthonos*": "envy/jealousy/spite", "*eris*": "strife/contention/quarreling", "*blasphēmiai*": "blasphemies/slanders/evil speaking", "*hyponoiai*": "suspicions/evil thoughts/malicious suspicions", "*ponērai*": "evil/wicked/malicious/harmful" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.6.5", "source": "Διαπαρατριβαὶ διεφθαρμένων ἀνθρώπων τὸν νοῦν, καὶ ἀπεστερημένων τῆς ἀληθείας, νομιζόντων πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν: ἀφίστασο ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων.", "text": "*Diaparatribai diephtharmenōn anthrōpōn* the *noun*, and *apesterēmenōn tēs alētheias*, *nomizontōn porismon einai* the *eusebeian*: *aphistaso* from the such ones.", "grammar": { "*Diaparatribai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - constant frictions/endless conflicts", "*diephtharmenōn*": "perfect participle, genitive, masculine, plural, passive - having been corrupted/depraved", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of men/people", "*ton noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular with article - the mind", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*apesterēmenōn*": "perfect participle, genitive, masculine, plural, passive - having been deprived/robbed", "*tēs alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular with article - of the truth", "*nomizontōn*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, plural, active - supposing/thinking", "*porismon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - gain/means of gain/source of profit", "*einai*": "present infinitive - to be", "*tēn eusebeian*": "accusative, feminine, singular with article - godliness/piety", "*aphistaso*": "present imperative, 2nd person singular, middle - withdraw/stay away", "*apo*": "preposition - from", "*tōn toioutōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural with article - such ones/such people" }, "variants": { "*Diaparatribai*": "constant frictions/endless conflicts/useless disputings/persistent irritations", "*diephtharmenōn*": "corrupted/depraved/ruined/perverted", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*apesterēmenōn*": "deprived/robbed/bereft/destitute", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*nomizontōn*": "supposing/thinking/considering/believing", "*porismon*": "gain/means of gain/source of profit/way to get rich", "*eusebeian*": "godliness/piety/devotion/reverence", "*aphistaso*": "withdraw/stay away/depart/avoid" } }
  • Jas 3:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "James.3.14", "source": "Εἰ δὲ ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν, μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε, καὶ ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας.", "text": "If *de* *zēlon* *pikron* you *echete* and *eritheian* in the *kardia* of you, *mē* *katakauchāsthe*, and *pseudesthe* against the *alētheias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*zēlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*pikron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - bitter", "*echete*": "present indicative, active, 2nd plural - you have", "*eritheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*katakauchāsthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - boast/glory", "*pseudesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - lie/speak falsely", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth" }, "variants": { "*zēlon*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*pikron*": "bitter/harsh", "*eritheian*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*katakauchāsthe*": "boast/glory/pride yourselves", "*pseudesthe*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality" } } 15 { "verseID": "James.3.15", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη, ἀλλʼ ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης.", "text": "Not *estin* this the *sophia* from *anōthen* *katerchomenē*, but *epigeios*, *psychikē*, *daimoniōdēs*.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*sophia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above/from the beginning", "*katerchomenē*": "present participle, middle, nominative, feminine, singular - coming down", "*epigeios*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earthly/worldly", "*psychikē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - natural/unspiritual", "*daimoniōdēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - demonic" }, "variants": { "*sophia*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from God", "*katerchomenē*": "coming down/descending", "*epigeios*": "earthly/worldly/terrestrial", "*psychikē*": "natural/unspiritual/belonging to the soul", "*daimoniōdēs*": "demonic/devilish/inspired by demons" } } 16 { "verseID": "James.3.16", "source": "Ὅπου γὰρ ζῆλος καὶ ἐριθεία, ἐκεῖ ἀκαταστασία καὶ πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα.", "text": "Where *gar* *zēlos* and *eritheia*, there *akatastasia* and every *phaulon* *pragma*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*zēlos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*eritheia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*akatastasia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - disorder/confusion", "*phaulon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - worthless/evil", "*pragma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - thing/deed/matter" }, "variants": { "*zēlos*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*eritheia*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*akatastasia*": "disorder/confusion/instability", "*phaulon*": "worthless/evil/base/vile", "*pragma*": "thing/deed/matter/practice" } }
  • Gen 3:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.1", "source": "וְהַנָּחָשׁ֙ הָיָ֣ה עָר֔וּם מִכֹּל֙ חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ף כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל עֵ֥ץ הַגָּֽן׃", "text": "And the *nāḥāš* *hāyāh* *ʿārûm* from all *ḥayyat* the *śādeh*, which *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm*; and *yōʾmer* to the *ʾiššāh*, Indeed that *ʾāmar* *ʾĕlōhîm*, not *tōʾkĕlû* from all *ʿēṣ* the *gān*?", "grammar": { "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine, singular - serpent", "*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*ʿārûm*": "adjective, masculine, singular - crafty/shrewd/subtle", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine, construct - living thing/creature/animal of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine, singular - field/countryside", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - made/created", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form - God/gods", "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*tōʾkĕlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd plural - you [plural] shall eat", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tree", "*gān*": "noun, masculine, singular - garden" }, "variants": { "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake", "*ʿārûm*": "crafty/shrewd/subtle/cunning/clever", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being/judges", "*ʾaf kî*": "indeed that/even though/is it really true that" } } 2 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.2", "source": "וַתֹּ֥אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ מִפְּרִ֥י עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן נֹאכֵֽל׃", "text": "And *tōʾmer* the *ʾiššāh* to the *nāḥāš*: From *pĕrî* *ʿēṣ*-the *gān* *nōʾkēl*.", "grammar": { "*tōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - and she said", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine, singular - serpent", "*pĕrî*": "noun, masculine, construct - fruit of", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, construct - tree of", "*gān*": "noun, masculine, singular - garden", "*nōʾkēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st plural - we may eat" }, "variants": { "*pĕrî*": "fruit/produce/offspring" } } 3 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.3", "source": "וּמִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַגָּן֒ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בּ֑וֹ פֶּן־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃", "text": "But from *pĕrî* the *ʿēṣ* which in *tôk*-the *gān*, *ʾāmar* *ʾĕlōhîm*, not *tōʾkĕlû* from it, and not *tiggĕʿû* in it, lest *tĕmutûn*.", "grammar": { "*pĕrî*": "noun, masculine, construct - fruit of", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tree", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine, construct - midst of", "*gān*": "noun, masculine, singular - garden", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/commanded", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form - God/gods", "*tōʾkĕlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd plural - you [plural] shall eat", "*tiggĕʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd plural - you [plural] shall touch", "*tĕmutûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd plural - you [plural] shall die" }, "variants": { "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*pen*": "lest/otherwise/so that not" } } 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַנָּחָ֖שׁ אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה לֹֽא־מ֖וֹת תְּמֻתֽוּן׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* the *nāḥāš* to the *ʾiššāh*: Not *môt* *tĕmutûn*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he said", "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine, singular - serpent", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*môt*": "infinitive absolute - dying", "*tĕmutûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd plural - you [plural] shall die" }, "variants": { "*môt tĕmutûn*": "emphatic construction - you shall surely not die/you will not die at all" } } 5 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.5", "source": "כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכָלְכֶ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶם֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים יֹדְעֵ֖י ט֥וֹב וָרָֽע׃", "text": "For *yōdēaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* that in *yôm* *ʾăkālĕkem* from it, and *nip̄qĕḥû* *ʿênêkem*, and *wihyîtem* like *ʾĕlōhîm*, *yōdĕʿê* *ṭôb* and *rāʿ*.", "grammar": { "*yōdēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form - God/gods", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day", "*ʾăkālĕkem*": "verb, qal infinitive construct + 2nd plural suffix - your eating", "*nip̄qĕḥû*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd plural + waw consecutive - will be opened", "*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine, plural + 2nd plural suffix - your eyes", "*wihyîtem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd plural + waw consecutive - and you will be", "*yōdĕʿê*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural construct - knowers of", "*ṭôb*": "noun/adjective, masculine, singular - good", "*rāʿ*": "noun/adjective, masculine, singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*kê'lōhîm*": "like God/like divine beings/like heavenly beings", "*ṭôb wārāʿ*": "good and evil/good and bad/benefit and harm" } } 6 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.6", "source": "וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּ֣י טוֹב֩ הָעֵ֨ץ לְמַאֲכָ֜ל וְכִ֧י תַֽאֲוָה־ה֣וּא לָעֵינַ֗יִם וְנֶחְמָ֤ד הָעֵץ֙ לְהַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַתִּקַּ֥ח מִפִּרְי֖וֹ וַתֹּאכַ֑ל וַתִּתֵּ֧ן גַּם־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃", "text": "And *tēreʾ* the *ʾiššāh* that *ṭôb* the *ʿēṣ* for *maʾăkāl*, and that *taʾăwāh*-it to *ʿênayim*, and *neḥmād* the *ʿēṣ* for *haśkîl*, and *tiqqaḥ* from *piryô* and *tōʾkal*; and *tittēn* also to *ʾîšāh* with her, and *yōʾkal*.", "grammar": { "*tēreʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - and she saw", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine, singular - good", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tree", "*maʾăkāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - food/eating", "*taʾăwāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - desire/delight", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine, dual - eyes", "*neḥmād*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - desirable/pleasant", "*haśkîl*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to make wise/to give insight", "*tiqqaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - and she took", "*piryô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its fruit", "*tōʾkal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - and she ate", "*tittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - and she gave", "*ʾîšāh*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband", "*yōʾkal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he ate" }, "variants": { "*taʾăwāh*": "desire/delight/longing/craving", "*neḥmād*": "desirable/pleasant/delightful", "*haśkîl*": "to make wise/to give insight/to bring success" } } 7 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.7", "source": "וַתִּפָּקַ֙חְנָה֙ עֵינֵ֣י שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י עֵֽירֻמִּ֖ם הֵ֑ם וַֽיִּתְפְּרוּ֙ עֲלֵ֣ה תְאֵנָ֔ה וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם חֲגֹרֹֽת׃", "text": "And *tippāqaḥnāh* *ʿênê* *šĕnêhem*, and *yēdĕʿû* that *ʿêrummim* they; and *yitpĕrû* *ʿălēh* *tĕʾēnāh*, and *yaʿăśû* for them *ḥăgōrōt*.", "grammar": { "*tippāqaḥnāh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural + waw consecutive - and were opened", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - eyes of", "*šĕnêhem*": "numeral, masculine, dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*yēdĕʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd plural + waw consecutive - and they knew", "*ʿêrummim*": "adjective, masculine, plural - naked", "*yitpĕrû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd plural + waw consecutive - and they sewed together", "*ʿălēh*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - leaf of", "*tĕʾēnāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fig tree", "*yaʿăśû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd plural + waw consecutive - and they made", "*ḥăgōrōt*": "noun, feminine, plural - coverings/loincloths/girdles" }, "variants": { "*ʿêrummim*": "naked/exposed/vulnerable", "*ḥăgōrōt*": "coverings/loincloths/girdles/aprons" } } 8 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.8", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּגָּ֖ן לְר֣וּחַ הַיּ֑וֹם וַיִּתְחַבֵּ֨א הָֽאָדָ֜ם וְאִשְׁתּ֗וֹ מִפְּנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּת֖וֹךְ עֵ֥ץ הַגָּֽן׃", "text": "And *yišmĕʿû* [direct object marker] *qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* *mithallēk* in the *gān* for *rûaḥ* the *yôm*; and *yitḥabbēʾ* the *ʾādām* and *ʾištô* from face of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* in *tôk* *ʿēṣ* the *gān*.", "grammar": { "*yišmĕʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd plural + waw consecutive - and they heard", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - sound/voice of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form - God/gods", "*mithallēk*": "verb, hithpael participle, masculine singular - walking about/going to and fro", "*gān*": "noun, masculine, singular - garden", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - wind/breeze/spirit of", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day", "*yitḥabbēʾ*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he hid himself", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/Adam", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine, construct - midst of", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - trees" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ hayyôm*": "breeze of the day/cool of the day/evening breeze", "*mithallēk*": "walking about/going to and fro", "*tôk ʿēṣ hagān*": "midst of the trees of the garden/among the trees of the garden" } } 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.9", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֛א יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ אַיֶּֽכָּה׃", "text": "And *yiqrāʾ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *ʾādām* and *yōʾmer* to him *ʾayyekkāh*?", "grammar": { "*yiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he called", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form - God/gods", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/Adam", "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he said", "*ʾayyekkāh*": "interrogative + 2nd masculine singular suffix - where [are] you?" }, "variants": { "*ʾayyekkāh*": "where are you?/where have you gone?" } } 10 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֶת־קֹלְךָ֥ שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בַּגָּ֑ן וָאִירָ֛א כִּֽי־עֵירֹ֥ם אָנֹ֖כִי וָאֵחָבֵֽא׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer*: [direct object marker] *qōlĕkā* *šāmaʿtî* in the *gān*; and *ʾîrāʾ* because *ʿêrōm* *ʾānōkî* and *ʾēḥābēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he said", "*qōlĕkā*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your voice/sound", "*šāmaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I heard", "*gān*": "noun, masculine, singular - garden", "*ʾîrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st singular + waw consecutive - and I feared", "*ʿêrōm*": "adjective, masculine, singular - naked", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*ʾēḥābēʾ*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 1st singular + waw consecutive - and I hid myself" }, "variants": { "*ʿêrōm*": "naked/exposed/vulnerable" } } 11 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֚י הִגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ כִּ֥י עֵירֹ֖ם אָ֑תָּה הֲמִן־הָעֵ֗ץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ לְבִלְתִּ֥י אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אָכָֽלְתָּ׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer*: Who *higgîd* to you that *ʿêrōm* *ʾāttāh*? From the *ʿēṣ* which *ṣiwwîtîkā* to not *ʾăkāl* from it *ʾākāltā*?", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he said", "*higgîd*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - told/declared/made known", "*ʿêrōm*": "adjective, masculine, singular - naked", "*ʾāttāh*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tree", "*ṣiwwîtîkā*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I commanded you", "*ʾăkāl*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*ʾākāltā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have eaten" }, "variants": { "Interrogative construction": "The verse contains two questions, with the second having an interrogative prefix (הֲ/hă)" } } 12 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הָֽאָדָ֑ם הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תָּה עִמָּדִ֔י הִ֛וא נָֽתְנָה־לִּ֥י מִן־הָעֵ֖ץ וָאֹכֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* the *ʾādām*: The *ʾiššāh* whom *nātattāh* with me, she *nātĕnāh*-to me from the *ʿēṣ*, and *ʾōkēl*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he said", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/Adam", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*nātattāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you gave", "*nātĕnāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she gave", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tree", "*ʾōkēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st singular + waw consecutive - and I ate" }, "variants": {} } 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָאִשָּׁ֖ה מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑ית וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה הַנָּחָ֥שׁ הִשִּׁיאַ֖נִי וָאֹכֵֽל׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *ʾiššāh*: What this *ʿāśît*? And *tōʾmer* the *ʾiššāh*: The *nāḥāš* *hiššîʾanî* and *ʾōkēl*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form - God/gods", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*ʿāśît*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have done", "*tōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + waw consecutive - and she said", "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine, singular - serpent", "*hiššîʾanî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - he deceived me", "*ʾōkēl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st singular + waw consecutive - and I ate" }, "variants": { "*hiššîʾanî*": "deceived me/led me astray/enticed me" } }
  • 1 Sam 24:9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.9", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ *מן־‪[t]‬ *המערה **מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyāqom* *Dāwid* after that and *wayyēṣēʾ* from *hammeʿārâ* and *wayyiqrāʾ* after *Šāʾûl* *lēmōr* *ʾădōnî* *hammelek* and *wayyabbēṭ* *Šāʾûl* after him and *wayyiqōd* *Dāwid* *ʾappayim* *ʾarṣāh* and *wayyištāḥû*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqom*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qûm* - and he arose", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *yāṣāʾ* - and he went out", "*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qārāʾ* - and he called", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - and he looked", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*wayyiqōd*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qādad* - and he bowed down", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - face/nostrils", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional *hê* - to the ground", "*wayyištāḥû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hishtaphel stem - and he prostrated himself" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed", "*ʾappayim*": "face/nostrils (dual form: both sides of face)", "*wayyištāḥû*": "prostrated himself/bowed down/paid homage" } }
  • Prov 6:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.14", "source": "תַּֽהְפֻּכ֨וֹת ׀ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ חֹרֵ֣שׁ רָ֣ע בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת *מדנים **מִדְיָנִ֥ים יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*tahpuḵôt* in-*libbô* *ḥōrēš* *rāʿ* in-all-*ʿēt* *midyānîm* *yəšallēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*tahpuḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural - perversities/perverse things", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ḥōrēš*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - plowing/devising", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/wickedness", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*midyānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - strifes/contentions", "*yəšallēaḥ*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sends out/spreads" }, "variants": { "*tahpuḵôt*": "perversities/perverse things/frowardness", "*ḥōrēš*": "plowing/devising/plotting", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm", "*midyānîm*": "strifes/contentions/disputes" } }
  • Prov 6:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.19", "source": "יָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים בֵּ֣ין אַחִֽים׃ פ", "text": "*yāpîaḥ* *kəzāvîm* *ʿēd* *šāqer* and-*məšallēaḥ* *mədānîm* between *ʾaḥîm*", "grammar": { "*yāpîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine singular - breathing out/uttering", "*kəzāvîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies", "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*məšallēaḥ*": "verb, piel participle masculine singular - sending out/causing", "*mədānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - strifes/contentions", "*ʾaḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - brothers" }, "variants": { "*yāpîaḥ*": "breathing out/uttering/puffing out", "*kəzāvîm*": "lies/falsehoods/untruths", "*mədānîm*": "strifes/contentions/quarrels" } }