Verse 6

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.6", "source": "שְׁפֹ֤ךְ חֲמָתְךָ֗ אֶֽל־הַגּוֹיִם֮ אֲשֶׁ֢ר לֹא־יְדָ֫ע֥וּךָ וְעַ֥ל מַמְלָכ֑וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּ֝שִׁמְךָ֗ לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "*šəp̄ōḵ* *ḥămāṯḵā* to-*haggôyim* *ʾăšer* not-*yəḏāʿûḵā* *wə*-upon *mamlāḵôṯ* *ʾăšer* in-*šimḵā* not *qārāʾû*", "grammar": { "*šəp̄ōḵ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - pour out", "*ḥămāṯḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wrath", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəḏāʿûḵā*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they have known you", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*mamlāḵôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in/with", "*šimḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have called" }, "variants": { "*šəp̄ōḵ*": "pour out/spill", "*ḥămāṯḵā*": "your wrath/your fury/your hot anger", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*yəḏāʿûḵā*": "they have known you/they acknowledge you", "*mamlāḵôṯ*": "kingdoms/realms", "*šimḵā*": "your name", "*qārāʾû*": "they have called/they have invoked" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Utøs din vrede over de folkeslag som ikke kjenner deg, og over de riker som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Utøs din vrede over hedningene som ikke kjenner deg, og over rikene som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Norsk King James

  Utøs din vrede over folkeslagene som ikke kjenner deg, og over de rikene som ikke har kalt på ditt navn.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Tøm din vrede ut over folkeslagene som ikke kjenner deg, og over kongerikene som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Utøs din vrede over folkene som ikke kjenner deg, og over rikene som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Utøs din vrede over de folkeslag som ikke kjenner deg, og over de riker som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Utgi din vrede over de hedningene som ikke har kjent deg, og over de kongedømmene som ikke har påkalt ditt navn.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Utøs din vrede over de folkeslag som ikke kjenner deg, og over de riker som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Utøs din vrede over hedningene som ikke kjenner deg, og over rikene som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Pour out Your wrath on the nations that do not acknowledge You, on the kingdoms that do not call on Your name.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Utøs din vrede over folkene som ikke kjenner deg, og over rikene som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Udøs din Hastighed paa Hedningerne, som ikke kjende dig, og paa de Riger, som ikke kalde paa dit Navn.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and upon the kingdoms that have not called upon thy name.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Utøs din vrede over folkene som ikke kjenner deg, og over rikene som ikke har påkalt ditt navn.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Pour out Your wrath upon the heathen who have not known You, and upon the kingdoms that have not called upon Your name.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and upon the kingdoms that have not called upon thy name.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Utøs din vrede over nasjonene som ikke kjenner deg; over rikene som ikke påkaller ditt navn;

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Utøs din vrede over folkene som ikke har kjent deg, og over riker som ikke har påkalt ditt navn.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Utøs din vrede over de nasjoner som ikke kjenner deg, og over de riker som ikke påkaller ditt navn.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  La din vrede være over de folk som ikke kjenner deg, og over de kongeriker som ikke ber til ditt navn.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Poure out thy indignacion vpon the Heithen that knowe the not, and vpon the kyngdomes that call not vpon thy name.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Powre out thy wrath vpon the heathen that haue not knowen thee, and vpon the kingdomes that haue not called vpon thy Name.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Powre out thine indignation vpon the Heathen that haue not knowen thee: and vpon the kingdomes that haue not called vpon thy name.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and upon the kingdoms that have not called upon thy name.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Pour out your wrath on the nations that don't know you; On the kingdoms that don't call on your name;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Pour Thy fury on the nations who have not known Thee, And on kingdoms that have not called in Thy name.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Pour out thy wrath upon the nations that know thee not, And upon the kingdoms that call not upon thy name.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Let your wrath be on the nations who have no knowledge of you, and on the kingdoms who have not made prayer to your name.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Pour out your wrath on the nations that don't know you; on the kingdoms that don't call on your name;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Pour out your anger on the nations that do not acknowledge you, on the kingdoms that do not pray to you!

Referenced Verses

• Jer 10:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.25", "source": "שְׁפֹ֣ךְ חֲמָתְךָ֗ עַל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֔וּךָ וְעַל֙ מִשְׁפָּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשִׁמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א קָרָ֑אוּ כִּֽי־אָכְל֣וּ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַאֲכָלֻ֙הוּ֙ וַיְכַלֻּ֔הוּ וְאֶת־נָוֵ֖הוּ הֵשַֽׁמּוּ׃", "text": "*Šəfōḵ* *ḥămātəḵā* upon-*ha-gôyim* which not-*yədāʿûḵā* and-upon *mišpāḥôt* which in-*šimḵā* not *qārāʾû* *kî*-they-*ʾāḵlû* *ʾet*-*Yaʿăqōb* and-*ʾăḵāluhû* and-*yəḵalluhû* and-*ʾet*-*nāwēhû* *hēšammû*", "grammar": { "*Šəfōḵ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - pour out", "*ḥămātəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wrath", "*ha-gôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*yədāʿûḵā*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they know you", "*mišpāḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural - families/clans", "*šimḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your name", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they called", "*ʾāḵlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they devoured", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*ʾăḵāluhû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they have devoured him", "*yəḵalluhû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they have consumed him", "*nāwēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his habitation", "*hēšammû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have made desolate" }, "variants": { "*Šəfōḵ*": "pour out/spill/shed", "*ḥămātəḵā*": "your wrath/fury/rage/heat", "*yədāʿûḵā*": "they know you/acknowledge you/recognize you", "*mišpāḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*qārāʾû*": "they called/invoked/proclaimed", "*ʾāḵlû*": "they devoured/consumed/ate", "*ʾăḵāluhû*": "they have devoured him/consumed him/eaten him", "*yəḵalluhû*": "they have consumed him/finished him/destroyed him", "*nāwēhû*": "his habitation/dwelling/pasture", "*hēšammû*": "they have made desolate/devastated/laid waste" } }
• Ps 14:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.4", "source": "הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֢עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "Do they not *yādəʿû*, all *pōʿălê ʾāwen*, *ʾōkəlê ʿammî* as they *ʾākəlû* *leḥem*, *YHWH* they do not *qārāʾû*?", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they know/have known", "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "construct masculine plural noun + masculine singular noun - workers of iniquity", "*ʾōkəlê ʿammî*": "qal participle masculine plural construct + noun + 1st singular suffix - eaters of my people", "*ʾākəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they have eaten/consumed", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they call upon/invoke" }, "variants": { "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "workers of iniquity/evildoers/those who practice evil", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/meal", "*qārāʾû*": "call upon/invoke/cry out to" } }
• 2 Thess 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "2 Thessalonians.1.8", "source": "Ἐν πυρὶ φλογός διδόντος ἐκδίκησιν τοῖς μὴ εἰδόσιν Θεὸν, καὶ τοῖς μὴ ὑπακούουσιν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ:", "text": "In *pyri* of *phlogos* *didontos* *ekdikēsin* to those not *eidosin* *Theon*, and to those not *hypakouousin* to the *euangeliō* of the *Kyriou* of us *Iēsou* *Christou*:", "grammar": { "Ἐν *pyri*": "preposition + dative, neuter, singular - in/with fire", "*phlogos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of flame", "*didontos*": "present participle, active, genitive, masculine, singular - giving/inflicting", "*ekdikēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - direct object of *didontos*", "μὴ *eidosin*": "negative + perfect participle, active, dative, masculine, plural - not knowing", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object of *eidosin*", "μὴ *hypakouousin*": "negative + present participle, active, dative, masculine, plural - not obeying", "*euangeliō*": "dative, neuter, singular - indirect object of *hypakouousin*", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - possessive", "ἡμῶν": "genitive, 1st person, plural - possessive", "*Iēsou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - in apposition to *Kyriou*", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - in apposition to *Iēsou*" }, "variants": { "*pyri*": "fire/flame", "*phlogos*": "flame/blaze", "*didontos*": "giving/inflicting/executing", "*ekdikēsin*": "vengeance/retribution/punishment", "*eidosin*": "knowing/recognizing/acknowledging", "*Theon*": "God/deity", "*hypakouousin*": "obeying/heeding/submitting to", "*euangeliō*": "gospel/good news", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master/owner" } }
• Ps 69:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.24", "source": "תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה עֵ֭ינֵיהֶם מֵרְא֑וֹת וּ֝מָתְנֵ֗יהֶם תָּמִ֥יד הַמְעַֽד׃", "text": "*teḥšaḵnâ* *'ênêhem* from-*rĕ'ôt* and-*mātnêhem* *tāmîd* *ham'ad*", "grammar": { "*teḥšaḵnâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - may they be darkened", "*'ênêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*rĕ'ôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition min - from seeing", "*mātnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed conjunction waw - and their loins", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually", "*ham'ad*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make totter/shake" }, "variants": { "*teḥšaḵnâ*": "may they be darkened/let them grow dim", "*'ênêhem*": "their eyes", "*rĕ'ôt*": "seeing/sight", "*mātnêhem*": "their loins/their hips/their waist", "*tāmîd*": "continually/always/perpetually", "*ham'ad*": "make totter/make shake/cause to tremble" } }
• Ps 53:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.53.4", "source": "כֻּלּ֥וֹ סָג֮ יַחְדָּ֢ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "All-of-him *sāg* *yaḥdāw* *neʾĕlāḥû* *ʾēn* *ʿōśēh*-*ṭôb* *ʾēn* also-*ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*kūllô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of him/it/them", "*sāg*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - turned aside/departed", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd plural - they have become corrupt/tainted", "*ʾēn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular construct - doer of", "*ṭôb*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʾēn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾeḥād*": "adverb 'also' + adjective, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*sāg*": "turned aside/departed/gone astray", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "become corrupt/tainted/spoiled/worthless", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single one/not even one" } }
• Rev 16:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.1", "source": "Καὶ ἤκουσα φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ ναοῦ λεγούσης τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλοις, Ὑπάγετε, καὶ ἐκχέατε τὰς φιάλας τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰς τὴν γῆν.", "text": "And I *ēkousa* *phōnēs* *megalēs* from the *naou* *legousēs* to-the *hepta* *angelois*, *Hypagete*, and *ekcheate* the *phialas* of-the *thymou* of-the *Theou* into the *gēn*.", "grammar": { "*ēkousa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - heard [point action]", "*phōnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*naou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*legousēs*": "present active participle, genitive, feminine, singular - saying/speaking", "*hepta*": "indeclinable numeral - seven", "*angelois*": "dative, masculine, plural - messengers/angels", "*Hypagete*": "present active imperative, 2nd person plural - go/depart", "*ekcheate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - pour out", "*phialas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - bowls/vials", "*thymou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - wrath/anger/passion", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*phōnēs*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*naou*": "temple/sanctuary/inner shrine", "*thymou*": "wrath/anger/intense passion/fury", "*phialas*": "bowls/vials/containers", "*gēn*": "earth/land/ground/territory" } } 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.2", "source": "Καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ πρῶτος, καὶ ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν· καὶ ἐγένετο ἕλκος κακὸν καὶ πονηρὸν εἰς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἔχοντας τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας τῇ εἰκόνι αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And *apēlthen* the *prōtos*, and *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *gēn*; and *egeneto* *helkos* *kakon* and *ponēron* into the *anthrōpous* the ones *echontas* the *charagma* of-the *thēriou*, and the ones *proskynountas* to-the *eikoni* of-him.", "grammar": { "*apēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - went away/departed", "*prōtos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - first", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*helkos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - sore/ulcer/wound", "*kakon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - bad/evil/harmful", "*ponēron*": "nominative, neuter, singular - evil/malignant/painful", "*anthrōpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*echontas*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having", "*charagma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mark/stamp/imprint", "*thēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - beast/wild animal", "*proskynountas*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - worshipping/paying homage", "*eikoni*": "dative, feminine, singular - image/likeness" }, "variants": { "*helkos*": "sore/ulcer/wound/abscess", "*kakon*": "bad/evil/harmful/foul", "*ponēron*": "evil/malignant/painful/grievous", "*charagma*": "mark/stamp/imprint/engraving", "*thēriou*": "wild beast/animal/monster", "*proskynountas*": "worshipping/bowing down to/paying homage" } } 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.3", "source": "Καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν· καὶ ἐγένετο αἷμα ὡς νεκροῦ: καὶ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ζῶσα ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ.", "text": "And the *deuteros* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him into the *thalassan*; and *egeneto* *haima* as of-*nekrou*: and *pasa* *psychē* *zōsa* *apethanen* in the *thalassē*.", "grammar": { "*deuteros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - second", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*nekrou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - dead man/corpse", "*pasa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - every/all", "*psychē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - soul/living being", "*zōsa*": "present active participle, nominative, feminine, singular - living", "*apethanen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - died", "*thalassē*": "dative, feminine, singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed", "*nekrou*": "dead person/corpse/dead body", "*psychē*": "soul/life/living being/creature", "*zōsa*": "living/alive/having life" } } 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.4", "source": "Καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ εἰς τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ εἰς τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων· καὶ ἐγένετο αἷμα.", "text": "And the *tritos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him into the *potamous* and into the *pēgas* of-the *hydatōn*; and *egeneto* *haima*.", "grammar": { "*tritos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - third", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*potamous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - rivers", "*pēgas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - springs/fountains", "*hydatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - waters", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood" }, "variants": { "*potamous*": "rivers/streams", "*pēgas*": "springs/fountains/sources", "*hydatōn*": "waters/water sources", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed" } } 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.5", "source": "Καὶ ἤκουσα τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων λέγοντος, Δίκαιος, Κύριε, εἶ ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν, καὶ ὁ ἐσόμενος, ὅτι ταῦτα ἔκρινας.", "text": "And I *ēkousa* of-the *angelou* of-the *hydatōn* *legontos*, *Dikaios*, *Kyrie*, *ei* the one *ōn*, and the one *ēn*, and the one *esomenos*, because *tauta* you *ekrinas*.", "grammar": { "*ēkousa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - heard", "*angelou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*hydatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - waters", "*legontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - saying", "*Dikaios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - righteous/just", "*Kyrie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*ei*": "present active indicative, 2nd person singular - you are", "*ōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being/existing", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was", "*esomenos*": "future middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - who will be", "*tauta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - these things", "*ekrinas*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person singular - judged/decided" }, "variants": { "*Dikaios*": "righteous/just/fair", "*Kyrie*": "Lord/Master/Ruler", "*ōn*": "being/existing/the one who is", "*esomenos*": "who will be/coming one/future one", "*ekrinas*": "judged/decided/determined" } } 6 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.6", "source": "Ὅτι αἷμα ἁγίων καὶ προφητῶν ἐξέχεαν, καὶ αἷμα αὐτοῖς έδωκας πιεῖν· ἄξιοί γάρ εἰσιν.", "text": "Because *haima* of-*hagiōn* and *prophētōn* they *exechean*, and *haima* to-them you *edōkas* to-*piein*; *axioi* for they *eisin*.", "grammar": { "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*hagiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - holy ones/saints", "*prophētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - prophets", "*exechean*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - poured out", "*edōkas*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person singular - gave", "*piein*": "aorist active infinitive - to drink", "*axioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - worthy/deserving", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are" }, "variants": { "*hagiōn*": "holy ones/saints/sanctified ones", "*prophētōn*": "prophets/those who speak for God", "*exechean*": "poured out/shed/spilled", "*piein*": "to drink/swallow/consume", "*axioi*": "worthy/deserving/fitting" } } 7 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.7", "source": "Καὶ ἤκουσα ἄλλου ἐκ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου λέγοντος, Ναί, Κύριε ὁ Θεὸς ὁ Παντοκράτωρ, ἀληθιναὶ καὶ δίκαιαι αἱ κρίσεις σου.", "text": "And I *ēkousa* of-*allou* from the *thysiastēriou* *legontos*, *Nai*, *Kyrie* the *Theos* the *Pantokratōr*, *alēthinai* and *dikaiai* the *kriseis* of-you.", "grammar": { "*ēkousa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - heard", "*allou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - another/other", "*thysiastēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - altar", "*legontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - saying", "*Nai*": "affirmative particle - yes/indeed", "*Kyrie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*Pantokratōr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Almighty/Omnipotent", "*alēthinai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - true/genuine", "*dikaiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - righteous/just", "*kriseis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - judgments" }, "variants": { "*allou*": "another/other one", "*thysiastēriou*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*Nai*": "yes/indeed/truly", "*Pantokratōr*": "Almighty/All-powerful/Ruler of all", "*alēthinai*": "true/genuine/real", "*dikaiai*": "righteous/just/fair", "*kriseis*": "judgments/decisions/verdicts" } } 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.8", "source": "Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἥλιον· καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ καυματίσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐν πυρί.", "text": "And the *tetartos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *hēlion*; and *edothē* to-him to-*kaumatisai* the *anthrōpous* with *pyri*.", "grammar": { "*tetartos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fourth", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*hēlion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - sun", "*edothē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was given", "*kaumatisai*": "aorist active infinitive - to scorch/burn", "*anthrōpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*pyri*": "dative, neuter, singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*execheen*": "poured out/emptied", "*edothē*": "was given/granted/allowed", "*kaumatisai*": "to scorch/burn/sear", "*anthrōpous*": "men/humans/people/mankind", "*pyri*": "fire/flame/heat" } } 9 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.9", "source": "Καὶ ἐκαυματίσθησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καῦμα μέγα, καὶ ἐβλασφήμησαν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ἔχοντος ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τὰς πληγὰς ταύτας: καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν δοῦναι αὐτῷ δόξαν.", "text": "And *ekaumatisthēsan* the *anthrōpoi* *kauma* *mega*, and they *eblasphēmēsan* the *onoma* of-the *Theou*, the one *echontos* *exousian* over the *plēgas* *tautas*: and not they *metenoēsan* to-*dounai* to-him *doxan*.", "grammar": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were scorched/burned", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*kauma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - heat/burning", "*mega*": "accusative, neuter, singular - great/intense", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - blasphemed/slandered", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*echontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - having", "*exousian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - authority/power", "*plēgas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - plagues/blows", "*tautas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - these", "*metenoēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - repented/changed mind", "*dounai*": "aorist active infinitive - to give", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor" }, "variants": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "were scorched/burned/seared", "*kauma*": "heat/burning/fever", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "blasphemed/cursed/spoke evil against", "*onoma*": "name/reputation/character", "*echontos*": "having/possessing/holding", "*exousian*": "authority/power/control", "*plēgas*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*metenoēsan*": "repented/changed mind/turned", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/praise" } } 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.10", "source": "Καὶ ὁ πέμπτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον τοῦ θηρίου· καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἐσκοτωμένη· καὶ ἐμασῶντο τὰς γλώσσας αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ πόνου,", "text": "And the *pemptos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *thronon* of-the *thēriou*; and *egeneto* the *basileia* of-him *eskotōmenē*; and they *emasōnto* the *glōssas* of-them from the *ponou*,", "grammar": { "*pemptos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fifth", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*thronon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - throne", "*thēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - beast/wild animal", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became", "*basileia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - kingdom/reign", "*eskotōmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, feminine, singular - darkened", "*emasōnto*": "imperfect middle indicative, 3rd person plural - were gnawing/chewing", "*glōssas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - tongues", "*ponou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - pain/distress" }, "variants": { "*thronon*": "throne/seat of power", "*thēriou*": "beast/wild animal/monster", "*basileia*": "kingdom/reign/domain", "*eskotōmenē*": "darkened/made dark/obscured", "*emasōnto*": "were gnawing/chewing/biting", "*glōssas*": "tongues/languages", "*ponou*": "pain/distress/anguish" } } 11 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.11", "source": "Καὶ ἐβλασφήμησαν τὸν Θεὸν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐκ τῶν πόνων αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἑλκῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῶν.", "text": "And they *eblasphēmēsan* the *Theon* of-the *ouranou* from the *ponōn* of-them and from the *helkōn* of-them, and not they *metenoēsan* from the *ergōn* of-them.", "grammar": { "*eblasphēmēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - blasphemed/slandered", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*ponōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - pains/distresses", "*helkōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - sores/ulcers", "*metenoēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - repented/changed mind", "*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*eblasphēmēsan*": "blasphemed/cursed/spoke evil against", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky/celestial realm", "*ponōn*": "pains/distresses/sufferings", "*helkōn*": "sores/ulcers/wounds", "*metenoēsan*": "repented/changed mind/turned", "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions" } } 12 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.12", "source": "Καὶ ὁ ἕκτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν μέγαν Εὐφράτην· καὶ ἐξηράνθη τὸ ὕδωρ αὐτοῦ, ἵνα ἑτοιμασθῇ ἡ ὁδὸς τῶν βασιλέων τῶν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἡλίου.", "text": "And the *hektos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *potamon* the *megan* *Euphratēn*; and *exēranthē* the *hydōr* of-it, so-that *hetoimasthē* the *hodos* of-the *basileōn* of-the ones from *anatolēs* *hēliou*.", "grammar": { "*hektos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sixth", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*potamon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - river", "*megan*": "accusative, masculine, singular - great/large", "*Euphratēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Euphrates", "*exēranthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was dried up", "*hydōr*": "nominative, neuter, singular - water", "*hetoimasthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be prepared", "*hodos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - way/road/path", "*basileōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*anatolēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - rising/east", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - sun" }, "variants": { "*potamon*": "river/stream", "*megan*": "great/large/mighty", "*exēranthē*": "was dried up/withered", "*hetoimasthē*": "might be prepared/made ready", "*hodos*": "way/road/path/journey", "*basileōn*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*anatolēs*": "rising/east/dawn", "*hēliou*": "sun/sunlight" } } 13 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.13", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ δράκοντος, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ ψευδοπροφήτου πνεύματα τρία ἀκάθαρτα ὁμοία βάτραχοις.", "text": "And I *eidon* from the *stomatos* of-the *drakontos*, and from the *stomatos* of-the *thēriou*, and from the *stomatos* of-the *pseudoprophētou* *pneumata* *tria* *akatharta* *homoia* *batrachois*.", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - saw/perceived", "*stomatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - mouth", "*drakontos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - dragon", "*thēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - beast/wild animal", "*pseudoprophētou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - false prophet", "*pneumata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - spirits", "*tria*": "accusative, neuter, plural - three", "*akatharta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - unclean/impure", "*homoia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - like/similar to", "*batrachois*": "dative, masculine, plural - frogs" }, "variants": { "*eidon*": "saw/perceived/beheld", "*stomatos*": "mouth/opening/utterance", "*drakontos*": "dragon/serpent", "*thēriou*": "beast/wild animal/monster", "*pseudoprophētou*": "false prophet/one who speaks falsely", "*pneumata*": "spirits/breath/wind", "*akatharta*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*homoia*": "like/similar to/resembling", "*batrachois*": "frogs/toads" } } 14 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.14", "source": "Εἰσὶν γὰρ πνεύματα δαιμονίων, ποιοῦντα σημεῖα, ἐκπορεύεται ἐπὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης ὅλης, συναγαγεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης τῆς μεγάλης τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ Παντοκράτορος.", "text": "They *eisin* for *pneumata* of-*daimoniōn*, *poiounta* *sēmeia*, it *ekporeuetai* to the *basileis* of-the *gēs* and of-the *oikoumenēs* *holēs*, to-*synagagein* them into the *polemon* of-the *hēmeras* *ekeinēs* the *megalēs* of-the *Theou* of-the *Pantokratoros*.", "grammar": { "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are", "*pneumata*": "nominative, neuter, plural - spirits", "*daimoniōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - demons/evil spirits", "*poiounta*": "present active participle, nominative, neuter, plural - doing/performing", "*sēmeia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - signs/miracles", "*ekporeuetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd person singular - goes out/proceeds", "*basileis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*oikoumenēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - inhabited earth/world", "*holēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - whole/entire", "*synagagein*": "aorist active infinitive - to gather together", "*polemon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - war/battle", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - day", "*ekeinēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - that", "*megalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - great", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*Pantokratoros*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Almighty" }, "variants": { "*pneumata*": "spirits/breaths/winds", "*daimoniōn*": "demons/evil spirits/demonic entities", "*poiounta*": "doing/performing/making", "*sēmeia*": "signs/miracles/wonders", "*ekporeuetai*": "goes out/proceeds/departs", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*oikoumenēs*": "inhabited earth/world/civilized world", "*holēs*": "whole/entire/complete", "*synagagein*": "to gather together/assemble/bring together", "*polemon*": "war/battle/conflict", "*hēmeras*": "day/time period", "*megalēs*": "great/mighty/important", "*Pantokratoros*": "Almighty/All-powerful/Ruler of all" } } 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.15", "source": "Ἰδοὺ, ἔρχομαι ὡς κλέπτης. Μακάριος ὁ γρηγορῶν, καὶ τηρῶν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ γυμνὸς περιπατῇ, καὶ βλέπωσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτοῦ.", "text": "*Idou*, I *erchomai* as *kleptēs*. *Makarios* the one *grēgorōn*, and *tērōn* the *himatia* of-him, so-that not *gymnos* he *peripatē*, and they *blepōsin* the *aschēmosynēn* of-him.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd person singular - behold/look/see", "*erchomai*": "present middle indicative, 1st person singular - I come/am coming", "*kleptēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - thief", "*Makarios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - blessed/happy", "*grēgorōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - watching/staying awake", "*tērōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - keeping/guarding", "*himatia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - garments/clothes", "*gymnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - naked/uncovered", "*peripatē*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might walk/go about", "*blepōsin*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might see/observe", "*aschēmosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - nakedness/shame/indecency" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*erchomai*": "come/arrive/approach", "*kleptēs*": "thief/robber/stealer", "*Makarios*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*grēgorōn*": "watching/staying awake/being alert", "*tērōn*": "keeping/guarding/preserving", "*himatia*": "garments/clothes/robes", "*gymnos*": "naked/uncovered/exposed", "*peripatē*": "might walk/go about/travel", "*blepōsin*": "might see/observe/perceive", "*aschēmosynēn*": "nakedness/shame/indecency/embarrassment" } } 16 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.16", "source": "Καὶ συνήγαγεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τόπον τὸν καλούμενον Ἑβραϊστὶ Ἁρμαγεδών.", "text": "And he *synēgagen* them into *topon* the one *kaloumenon* *Hebraisti* *Harmagedōn*.", "grammar": { "*synēgagen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - gathered together", "*topon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - place/location", "*kaloumenon*": "present passive participle, accusative, masculine, singular - being called/named", "*Hebraisti*": "adverb - in Hebrew", "*Harmagedōn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Armageddon/Har-Magedon" }, "variants": { "*synēgagen*": "gathered together/assembled/collected", "*topon*": "place/location/spot", "*kaloumenon*": "being called/named/designated", "*Hebraisti*": "in Hebrew/in the Hebrew language", "*Harmagedōn*": "Armageddon/Har-Magedon [possibly: Mountain of Megiddo]" } } 17 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.17", "source": "Καὶ ὁ ἕβδομος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν ἀέρα· καὶ ἐξῆλθεν φωνὴ μεγάλη ἀπὸ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου, λέγουσα, Γέγονεν.", "text": "And the *hebdomos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him into the *aera*; and *exēlthen* *phōnē* *megalē* from the *naou* of-the *ouranou*, from the *thronou*, *legousa*, *Gegonen*.", "grammar": { "*hebdomos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - seventh", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*aera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - air/atmosphere", "*exēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - went out/came out", "*phōnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*naou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*thronou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - throne", "*legousa*": "present active participle, nominative, feminine, singular - saying", "*Gegonen*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - it has happened/is done" }, "variants": { "*aera*": "air/atmosphere/sky", "*exēlthen*": "went out/came out/departed", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*naou*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky/celestial realm", "*thronou*": "throne/seat of power", "*Gegonen*": "it has happened/is done/has come to pass" } } 18 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.18", "source": "Καὶ ἐγένοντο φωναὶ, καὶ βρονταί, καὶ ἀστραπαὶ· καὶ σεισμὸς ἐγένετο μέγας, οἷος οὐκ ἐγένετο ἀφʼ οὗ ἄνθρωποι ἐγένοντο ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, τηλικοῦτος σεισμὸς, οὕτως μέγας.", "text": "And *egenonto* *phōnai*, and *brontai*, and *astrapai*; and *seismos* *egeneto* *megas*, such-as not *egeneto* since which *anthrōpoi* *egenonto* upon the *gēs*, so-great *seismos*, thus *megas*.", "grammar": { "*egenonto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural - became/happened", "*phōnai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - voices/sounds", "*brontai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - thunders", "*astrapai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - lightnings", "*seismos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - earthquake", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*megas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - great/large", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/humans", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*tēlikoutos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - so great/of such magnitude", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/so" }, "variants": { "*phōnai*": "voices/sounds/noises", "*brontai*": "thunders/thunderings", "*astrapai*": "lightnings/flashes", "*seismos*": "earthquake/shaking", "*megas*": "great/large/mighty/severe", "*tēlikoutos*": "so great/of such magnitude/so severe" } } 19 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.19", "source": "Καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη εἰς τρία μέρη, καὶ αἱ πόλεις τῶν ἐθνῶν ἔπεσον: καὶ Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη ἐμνήσθη ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, δοῦναι αὐτῇ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And *egeneto* the *polis* the *megalē* into *tria* *merē*, and the *poleis* of-the *ethnōn* *epeson*: and *Babylōn* the *megalē* *emnēsthē* *enōpion* of-the *Theou*, to-*dounai* to-her the *potērion* of-the *oinou* of-the *thymou* of-the *orgēs* of-him.", "grammar": { "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*polis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*megalē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*tria*": "accusative, neuter, plural - three", "*merē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - parts/divisions", "*poleis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - cities", "*ethnōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - nations/peoples", "*epeson*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - fell", "*Babylōn*": "nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*emnēsthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was remembered", "*enōpion*": "preposition - before/in the presence of", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*dounai*": "aorist active infinitive - to give", "*potērion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - cup", "*oinou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - wine", "*thymou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - wrath/anger", "*orgēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - anger/wrath" }, "variants": { "*polis*": "city/town", "*megalē*": "great/large/important", "*merē*": "parts/divisions/segments", "*ethnōn*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*epeson*": "fell/collapsed/were destroyed", "*emnēsthē*": "was remembered/recalled/brought to mind", "*enōpion*": "before/in the presence of/in front of", "*dounai*": "to give/to grant", "*potērion*": "cup/drinking vessel", "*oinou*": "wine/fermented grape juice", "*thymou*": "wrath/anger/rage/passion", "*orgēs*": "anger/wrath/indignation" } } 20 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.20", "source": "Καὶ πᾶσα νῆσος ἔφυγεν, καὶ ὄρη οὐχ εὑρέθησαν.", "text": "And *pasa* *nēsos* *ephygen*, and *orē* not *heurethēsan*.", "grammar": { "*pasa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - every/all", "*nēsos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - island", "*ephygen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - fled/vanished", "*orē*": "nominative, neuter, plural - mountains", "*heurethēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were found" }, "variants": { "*nēsos*": "island/isle", "*ephygen*": "fled/escaped/vanished", "*orē*": "mountains/hills", "*heurethēsan*": "were found/discovered/seen" } } 21 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.21", "source": "Καὶ χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία: καταβαίνει ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, καὶ ἐβλασφήμησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸν Θεὸν ἐκ τῆς πληγῆς τῆς χαλάζης· ὅτι μεγάλη ἐστὶν ἡ πληγὴ αὐτῆς σφόδρα.", "text": "And *chalaza* *megalē* as *talantiaia*: *katabainei* from the *ouranou* upon the *anthrōpous*, and *eblasphēmēsan* the *anthrōpoi* the *Theon* from the *plēgēs* of-the *chalazēs*; because *megalē* *estin* the *plēgē* of-it *sphodra*.", "grammar": { "*chalaza*": "nominative, feminine, singular - hail", "*megalē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - great/large", "*talantiaia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - weighing a talent", "*katabainei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - comes down/descends", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*anthrōpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men/humans", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - blasphemed/cursed", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/humans", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*plēgēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - plague/blow", "*chalazēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of hail", "*megalē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - great/severe", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*plēgē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - plague/blow", "*sphodra*": "adverb - exceedingly/very much" }, "variants": { "*chalaza*": "hail/hailstones", "*megalē*": "great/large/severe", "*talantiaia*": "weighing a talent [approx. 75-100 pounds]", "*katabainei*": "comes down/descends/falls", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "blasphemed/cursed/spoke evil against", "*plēgēs*": "plague/blow/calamity", "*megalē*": "great/severe/intense", "*sphodra*": "exceedingly/very much/extremely" } }
• Ps 145:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.145.18", "source": "קָר֣וֹב יְ֭הוָה לְכָל־קֹרְאָ֑יו לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִקְרָאֻ֣הוּ בֶאֱמֶֽת", "text": "*Qārôb YHWH* to *lᵊḵāl-qōrᵊʾāyw*, to *lᵊḵōl ʾăšer yiqrāʾuhû beʾĕmet*", "grammar": { "*Qārôb*": "adjective masculine singular - near", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*lᵊḵāl-qōrᵊʾāyw*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + Qal participle masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to all calling on him", "*lᵊḵōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*yiqrāʾuhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they call him", "*beʾĕmet*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in truth" }, "variants": { "*Qārôb*": "near/close", "*lᵊḵāl-qōrᵊʾāyw*": "to all calling on him/to all who call to him", "*lᵊḵōl ʾăšer*": "to all who/to everyone that", "*yiqrāʾuhû*": "they call him/call upon him/invoke him", "*beʾĕmet*": "in truth/faithfully/sincerely" } }
• Isa 13:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־אָמֽוֹץ׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *Bāḇel* which *ḥāzāh* *Yəšaʿyāhû* son-of-*ʾĀmôṣ*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - burden/oracle/pronouncement", "*Bāḇel*": "proper noun, location - Babylon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ḥāzāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - saw/envisioned/received as vision", "*Yəšaʿyāhû*": "proper noun, personal name - Isaiah", "*ben*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - son of", "*ʾĀmôṣ*": "proper noun, personal name - Amoz" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/utterance", "*ḥāzāh*": "saw/envisioned/received in vision/prophetically perceived" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.2", "source": "עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים׃", "text": "Upon *har-nišpeh* *śəʾû*-*nēs* *hārîmû* *qôl* to-them *hānîp̄û* *yād* *wə*-*yāḇōʾû* *piṯḥê* *nəḏîḇîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*har-nišpeh*": "compound noun, masculine, singular - bare/high mountain", "*śəʾû*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise", "*nēs*": "noun, masculine, singular - banner/standard/signal", "*hārîmû*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - raise up/lift up", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular - voice/sound", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*hānîp̄û*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wave/beckon", "*yād*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will come/enter", "*piṯḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - gates/entrances of", "*nəḏîḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nobles/willing ones/princes" }, "variants": { "*har-nišpeh*": "bare mountain/high mountain/lookout mountain", "*nēs*": "banner/standard/signal flag", "*nəḏîḇîm*": "nobles/willing ones/princes/those of noble rank" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.3", "source": "אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽי׃", "text": "I *ṣiwwêṯî* to-*məquddāšāy* also *qārāʾṯî* *gibbôray* for-*ʾappî* *ʿallîzê* *gaʾăwāṯî*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ṣiwwêṯî*": "verb, Piel perfect, 1st singular - have commanded/ordered", "*liməquddāšāy*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - to my consecrated ones", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*qārāʾṯî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have called/summoned", "*gibbôray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my mighty ones/warriors", "*ləʾappî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - for my anger", "*ʿallîzê*": "adjective, masculine plural, construct - exulting ones of/rejoicing ones of", "*gaʾăwāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my majesty/pride" }, "variants": { "*məquddāšāy*": "my consecrated ones/my holy ones/those set apart for me", "*gibbôray*": "my mighty ones/my warriors/my heroes", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nostrils/my wrath", "*ʿallîzê*": "exulting ones/rejoicing ones/those who triumph", "*gaʾăwāṯî*": "my majesty/my pride/my exaltation" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.4", "source": "ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*Qôl* *hāmôn* in-the-*hārîm* *dəmûṯ* *ʿam*-*rāḇ* *qôl* *šəʾôn* *mamləḵôṯ* *gôyim* *neʾĕsāp̄îm* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *məp̄aqqēḏ* *ṣəḇā* *milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of", "*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - multitude/tumult/crowd", "*behārîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural, + definite article - in the mountains", "*dəmûṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - likeness of/resemblance of", "*ʿam-rāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular + adjective - many/great people", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of", "*šəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - roar of/tumult of", "*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - kingdoms of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations/peoples", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine plural - being gathered/assembled", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies", "*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - mustering/numbering/commanding", "*ṣəḇā*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - army of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*hāmôn*": "multitude/tumult/crowd/noise", "*dəmûṯ*": "likeness/resemblance/form/appearance", "*šəʾôn*": "roar/tumult/uproar", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "being gathered/being assembled/coming together", "*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "mustering/numbering/commanding/appointing" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.5", "source": "בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Bāʾîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *merḥāq* from-*qəṣēh* the-*šāmāyim* *YHWH* *û*-*ḵəlê* *zaʿmô* *lə*-*ḥabbēl* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*bāʾîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - coming/arriving", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - from land of", "*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - distance/far place", "*miqṣēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - from end of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens/sky", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ûḵəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural, construct - and weapons/tools of", "*zaʿmô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his indignation/wrath", "*ləḥabbēl*": "preposition + verb, Piel infinitive construct - to destroy/ruin", "*kol-hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - all the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*merḥāq*": "distance/far place/remote region", "*ḵəlê*": "weapons/tools/instruments/vessels", "*zaʿmô*": "his indignation/his wrath/his fury", "*ləḥabbēl*": "to destroy/to ruin/to devastate" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.6", "source": "הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "*Hêlîlû* for near *yôm* *YHWH* like-*šōḏ* from-*Šadday* *yāḇôʾ*", "grammar": { "*hêlîlû*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/at hand", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*kəšōḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like destruction/devastation", "*miššadday*": "preposition + proper noun - from the Almighty", "*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will come" }, "variants": { "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*šōḏ*": "destruction/devastation/violence/ruin", "*Šadday*": "the Almighty/All-Sufficient One (divine title)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.7", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן כָּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃", "text": "Therefore all-*yāḏayim* *tirpênāh* and-all-*ləḇaḇ* *ʾĕnôš* *yimmās*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this", "*kol-yāḏayim*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, dual - all hands", "*tirpênāh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will go limp/become feeble", "*wəḵol-ləḇaḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and every heart of", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/human", "*yimmās*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will melt/dissolve" }, "variants": { "*tirpênāh*": "will go limp/become feeble/grow weak/fail", "*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/human/man/mortal", "*yimmās*": "will melt/dissolve/lose courage" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.8", "source": "וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*niḇhālû* *ṣîrîm* *wa*-*ḥăḇālîm* *yōʾḥēzûn* like-the-*yôlēḏāh* *yəḥîlûn* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* *yiṯmāhû* *pənê* *ləhāḇîm* *pənêhem*", "grammar": { "*wəniḇhālû*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will be dismayed/terrified", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - pangs/labor pains", "*waḥăḇālîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and pains/birth pangs", "*yōʾḥēzûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will seize/grasp", "*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - like the woman giving birth", "*yəḥîlûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will writhe/be in anguish", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one", "*ʾel-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his neighbor/companion", "*yiṯmāhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be astonished/amazed", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - faces of", "*ləhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - flames", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces" }, "variants": { "*niḇhālû*": "will be dismayed/terrified/alarmed/panic", "*ṣîrîm*": "pangs/labor pains/distress", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "pains/birth pangs/sorrows", "*yōʾḥēzûn*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of", "*yəḥîlûn*": "will writhe/be in anguish/twist in pain", "*yiṯmāhû*": "will be astonished/amazed/look in horror", "*pənê ləhāḇîm pənêhem*": "their faces are faces of flames/their faces are flushed" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.9", "source": "הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה׃", "text": "Behold *yôm*-*YHWH* *bāʾ* *ʾaḵzārî* *wə*-*ʿeḇrāh* *wa*-*ḥărôn* *ʾāp̄* *lāśûm* the-*ʾāreṣ* to-*šammāh* *wə*-*ḥaṭṭāʾêhā* *yašmîḏ* from-her", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/see", "*yôm-YHWH*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + proper noun - day of YHWH", "*bāʾ*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - coming", "*ʾaḵzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce", "*wəʿeḇrāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and wrath/fury", "*waḥărôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and burning of", "*ʾāp̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - anger/nose", "*lāśûm*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to make/set", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the land/earth", "*ləšammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - to desolation", "*wəḥaṭṭāʾêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her sinners", "*yašmîḏ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will destroy", "*mimmennāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless", "*ʿeḇrāh*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow", "*ḥărôn ʾāp̄*": "burning anger/fierce wrath/heat of nostril", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*yašmîḏ*": "will destroy/annihilate/exterminate" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.10", "source": "כִּֽי־כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בְּצֵאת֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹֽא־יַגִּ֥יהַ אוֹרֽוֹ׃", "text": "For-*kôḵəḇê* the-*šāmayim* *û*-*ḵəsîlêhem* not *yāhēllû* *ʾôrām* *ḥāšaḵ* the-*šemeš* in-*ṣēʾṯô* *wə*-*yārēaḥ* not-*yaggîah* *ʾôrô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kôḵəḇê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - stars of", "*haššāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens", "*ûḵəsîlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their constellations", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāhēllû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will shine", "*ʾôrām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their light", "*ḥāšaḵ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is darkened", "*haššemeš*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the sun", "*bəṣēʾṯô*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in its going forth", "*wəyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and moon", "*lōʾ-yaggîah*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not shine", "*ʾôrô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its light" }, "variants": { "*kôḵəḇê*": "stars of/celestial bodies of", "*ḵəsîlêhem*": "their constellations/their groups of stars/Orion", "*yāhēllû*": "will shine/will give light/will illuminate", "*ḥāšaḵ*": "is darkened/is black/is dim", "*bəṣēʾṯô*": "in its going forth/in its rising/when it comes out", "*yaggîah*": "will shine/will give light/will send forth" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.11", "source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃", "text": "*Û*-*p̄āqaḏtî* upon-*tēḇēl* *rāʿāh* *wə*-upon-*rəšāʿîm* *ʿăwōnām* *wə*-*hišbattî* *gəʾôn* *zēḏîm* *wə*-*gaʾăwaṯ* *ʿārîṣîm* *ʾašpîl*", "grammar": { "*ûp̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - and I will punish/visit", "*ʿal-tēḇēl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - upon the world", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*wəʿal-rəšāʿîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, plural - and upon the wicked", "*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*wəhišbattî*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will cause to cease", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*zēḏîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant ones", "*wəgaʾăwaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular, construct - and pride/haughtiness of", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - ruthless/terrifying ones", "*ʾašpîl*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring low" }, "variants": { "*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will punish/visit/attend to", "*tēḇēl*": "world/earth/land", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked/guilty/criminal ones", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/stop", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/majesty", "*zēḏîm*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones", "*gaʾăwaṯ*": "pride/haughtiness/majesty", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "ruthless/terrifying/violent ones", "*ʾašpîl*": "I will bring low/humble/abase" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.12", "source": "אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃", "text": "*ʾÔqîr* *ʾĕnôš* than-*pāz* *wə*-*ʾāḏām* than-*keṯem* *ʾÔp̄îr*", "grammar": { "*ʾôqîr*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make rare/precious", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/mortal", "*mippāz*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - than fine gold", "*wəʾāḏām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and human/man", "*mikkeṯem*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - than the gold of", "*ʾôp̄îr*": "proper noun - Ophir" }, "variants": { "*ʾôqîr*": "I will make rare/precious/scarce/valuable", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/mortal/human", "*pāz*": "fine gold/pure gold/refined gold", "*ʾāḏām*": "human/man/person/mankind", "*keṯem*": "gold/pure gold/fine gold", "*ʾôp̄îr*": "Ophir (place known for fine gold)" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.13", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Therefore *šāmayim* *ʾargîz* *wə*-*tirʿaš* the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*məqômāh* in-*ʿeḇraṯ* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *û*-in-*yôm* *ḥărôn* *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*ʾargîz*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make tremble", "*wəṯirʿaš*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will shake", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the earth/land", "*mimməqômāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her place", "*bəʿeḇraṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - in the wrath of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies", "*ûḇəyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and in the day of", "*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - burning of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril" }, "variants": { "*ʾargîz*": "I will make tremble/cause to quake/shake", "*tirʿaš*": "will shake/quake/tremble", "*məqômāh*": "her place/her position/her site", "*ʿeḇraṯ*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow", "*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "burning of his anger/heat of his nostril/his fierce wrath" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.14", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyāh* like-*ṣəḇî* *muddāḥ* *û*-like-*ṣōʾn* *wə*-none *məqabbēṣ* *ʾîš* to-*ʿammô* *yip̄nû* *wə*-*ʾîš* to-*ʾarṣô* *yānûsû*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*kiṣəḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like a gazelle", "*muddāḥ*": "verb, Hophal participle, masculine singular - driven away/hunted", "*ûḵəṣōʾn*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine, singular - and like sheep/flock", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*məqabbēṣ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - one gathering/collecting", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one", "*ʾel-ʿammô*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his people", "*yip̄nû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will turn", "*wəʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and each one", "*ʾel-ʾarṣô*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his land", "*yānûsû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will flee" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḇî*": "gazelle/deer/roe", "*muddāḥ*": "driven away/hunted/scattered", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle", "*məqabbēṣ*": "one gathering/collecting/shepherding", "*yip̄nû*": "will turn/turn toward/face", "*yānûsû*": "will flee/run away/escape" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.15", "source": "כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכָל־הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃", "text": "All-the-*nimṣāʾ* *yiddāqēr* *wə*-all-the-*nispeh* *yippôl* by-the-*ḥāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*kol-hannimṣāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - all who are found", "*yiddāqēr*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be pierced through", "*wəḵol-hannispeh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - and all who are caught", "*yippôl*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will fall", "*beḥāreḇ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - by the sword" }, "variants": { "*nimṣāʾ*": "who are found/who remain/who are present", "*yiddāqēr*": "will be pierced through/thrust through/run through", "*nispeh*": "who are caught/who are captured/who are swept away", "*yippôl*": "will fall/will be killed/will die" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.16", "source": "וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם *תשגלנה **תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʿōləlêhem* *yəruṭṭəšû* before-*ʿênêhem* *yiššassû* *bāttêhem* *û*-*nəšêhem* *tiššāḵaḇnāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʿōləlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their infants", "*yəruṭṭəšû*": "verb, Pual imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be dashed to pieces", "*ləʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine, dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - before their eyes", "*yiššassû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be plundered", "*bāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*ûnəšêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their wives", "*tiššāḵaḇnāh*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will be violated/ravished/lain with" }, "variants": { "*ʿōləlêhem*": "their infants/their little ones/their children", "*yəruṭṭəšû*": "will be dashed to pieces/smashed/killed violently", "*yiššassû*": "will be plundered/looted/robbed", "*tiššāḵaḇnāh*": "will be violated/ravished/lain with (euphemism for rape)", "*tishgalnah*": "alternate reading (Kethib) - will be violated/raped" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.17", "source": "הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "Behold-me *mēʿîr* against-them *ʾeṯ*-*Māḏāy* who-*kesep̄* not *yaḥšōḇû* *wə*-*zāhāḇ* not *yaḥpəṣû*-in-it", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold me", "*mēʿîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʾeṯ-māḏāy*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the Medes", "*ʾăšer-kesep̄*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - who silver", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they regard/esteem", "*wəzāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and gold", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥpəṣû-ḇô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they delight in it" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "they regard/esteem/value/consider", "*yaḥpəṣû*": "they delight in/desire/take pleasure in" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.18", "source": "וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃", "text": "*Û*-*qəšāṯôṯ* *nəʿārîm* *təraṭṭašnāh* *û*-*p̄ərî*-*ḇeṭen* not *yəraḥēmû* upon-*bānîm* not-*ṯāḥûs* *ʿênām*", "grammar": { "*ûqəšāṯôṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and bows", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - young men/youths", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will shatter", "*ûp̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct + noun, masculine, singular - and fruit of womb", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəraḥēmû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will have mercy on", "*ʿal-bānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - upon children/sons", "*lōʾ-ṯāḥûs*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will not pity", "*ʿênām*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eye" }, "variants": { "*qəšāṯôṯ*": "bows/weapons", "*nəʿārîm*": "young men/youths/lads", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "they will shatter/smash/dash to pieces", "*p̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "fruit of womb/children/offspring", "*yəraḥēmû*": "they will have mercy on/compassion on/pity", "*ṯāḥûs*": "will pity/spare/look with compassion" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.19", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָֽה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyəṯāh* *Bāḇel* *ṣəḇî* *mamləḵôṯ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *gəʾôn* *Kaśdîm* like-*mahpēḵaṯ* *ʾĔlōhîm* *ʾeṯ*-*Səḏōm* *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-*ʿĂmōrāh*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will be", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ṣəḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/beauty of", "*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - kingdoms", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - splendor/beauty of", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*kəmahpēḵaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - like the overthrow of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - God", "*ʾeṯ-səḏōm*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sodom", "*wəʾeṯ-ʿămōrāh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Gomorrah" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḇî*": "glory/beauty/splendor/majesty", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "splendor/beauty/glory/adornment", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/exaltation", "*mahpēḵaṯ*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.20", "source": "לֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "Not-*ṯēšēḇ* for-*neṣaḥ* *wə*-not *ṯiškōn* until-*dôr* *wā*-*ḏôr* *wə*-not-*yahēl* there *ʿĂrāḇî* *wə*-*rōʿîm* not-*yarbîṣû* there", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯēšēḇ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will not dwell/sit", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - for eternity/forever", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯiškōn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwell", "*ʿaḏ-dôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - until generation", "*wāḏôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and generation", "*wəlōʾ-yahēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will not pitch tent", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿărāḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular - Arab/nomad", "*wərōʿîm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - and shepherds", "*lōʾ-yarbîṣû*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will not make lie down", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*ṯēšēḇ*": "will dwell/sit/remain", "*neṣaḥ*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*ṯiškōn*": "will be inhabited/will dwell/will abide", "*dôr wāḏôr*": "generation and generation/generation to generation/all generations", "*yahēl*": "will pitch tent/will camp/will dwell temporarily", "*ʿărāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/herdsmen/pastors", "*yarbîṣû*": "will make lie down/will cause to rest/will let their flocks rest" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.21", "source": "וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*rāḇṣû*-there *ṣiyyîm* *û*-*mālʾû* *ḇāttêhem* *ʾōḥîm* *wə*-*šāḵnû* there *bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh* *û*-*śəʿîrîm* *yəraqqəḏû*-there", "grammar": { "*wərāḇṣû-šām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + adverb - and will lie down there", "*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - desert creatures/wild beasts", "*ûmālʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will fill", "*ḇāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*ʾōḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - howling creatures/owls", "*wəšāḵnû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will dwell", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*bənôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ostrich", "*ûśəʿîrîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and goat-demons/satyrs", "*yəraqqəḏû-šām*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + adverb - will dance there" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/animals of the desert", "*ʾōḥîm*": "howling creatures/owls/jackals", "*bənôṯ yaʿănāh*": "daughters of the ostrich/female ostriches/owls", "*śəʿîrîm*": "goat-demons/satyrs/wild goats/hairy goats" } } 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.22", "source": "וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʿānāh* *ʾiyyîm* in-*ʾalmənôṯāyw* *wə*-*ṯannîm* in-*hêḵəlê* *ʿōneg* *wə*-*qārôḇ* to-come *ʿittāh* *wə*-*yāmêhā* not *yimmāšēḵû*", "grammar": { "*wəʿānāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will answer/cry", "*ʾiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - hyenas/howling creatures", "*bəʾalmənôṯāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his/its widow-places/desolate palaces", "*wəṯannîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and jackals/dragons", "*bəhêḵəlê*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural, construct - in palaces of", "*ʿōneg*": "noun, masculine, singular - pleasure/luxury/delight", "*wəqārôḇ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and near", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*ʿittāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her time", "*wəyāmêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her days", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be prolonged/extended" }, "variants": { "*ʿānāh*": "will answer/cry/howl/respond", "*ʾiyyîm*": "hyenas/howling creatures/wild dogs/jackals", "*ʾalmənôṯāyw*": "his widow-places/desolate palaces/forsaken places", "*ṯannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters", "*hêḵəlê*": "palaces/temples", "*ʿōneg*": "pleasure/luxury/delight", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "will be prolonged/extended/delayed" } }
• Isa 21:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א מִדְבַּר־יָ֑ם כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א מֵאֶ֖רֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה׃", "text": "*maśśā* *midbar*-*yām* like *sūpōt* in *neḡeb* to *ḥalōp* from *midbār* *bā'* from *'ereṣ* *nōrā'āh*", "grammar": { "*maśśā*": "construct noun, masculine singular - burden/oracle/prophecy", "*midbar*": "construct noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*sūpōt*": "noun, feminine plural - storms/whirlwinds", "*neḡeb*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - south/Negev region", "*ḥalōp*": "infinitive construct with prefix lamed - to pass through/sweep through", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix min - from wilderness/desert", "*bā'*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - comes/is coming", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix min - from land", "*nōrā'āh*": "adjective, feminine singular - terrible/dreadful/feared" }, "variants": { "*maśśā*": "burden/oracle/utterance/prophecy", "*midbar-yām*": "desert of the sea/wilderness by the sea", "*ḥalōp*": "to pass through/to sweep through/to change", "*nōrā'āh*": "terrible/dreadful/feared/awesome" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.2", "source": "חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃", "text": "*ḥāzūt* *qāšāh* *huggad*-to me the *bōgēd* *bōgēd* and the *šōdēd* *šōdēd* go up *'ēylām* besiege *māday* all-*'anḥātāh* *hišbattî*", "grammar": { "*ḥāzūt*": "noun, feminine singular - vision/revelation", "*qāšāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - hard/harsh/severe", "*huggad*": "verb, hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was told/declared", "*bōgēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the treacherous one/betrayer", "*bōgēd*": "verb, qal active participle - betrays/deals treacherously", "*šōdēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the devastator/plunderer", "*šōdēd*": "verb, qal active participle - devastates/plunders", "*'ēylām*": "proper noun - Elam (region east of Babylon)", "*ṣūrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - besiege", "*māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*'anḥātāh*": "noun, feminine singular with suffix - sighing/groaning", "*hišbattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have caused to cease/ended" }, "variants": { "*ḥāzūt qāšāh*": "harsh vision/grievous vision/hard prophecy", "*bōgēd bōgēd*": "the betrayer betrays/the treacherous one deals treacherously", "*šōdēd šōdēd*": "the destroyer destroys/the plunderer plunders", "*ṣūrî*": "besiege/attack/lay siege to", "*hišbattî*": "I have ended/I have made to cease/I have caused to stop" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.3", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָלְא֤וּ מָתְנַי֙ חַלְחָלָ֔ה צִירִ֣ים אֲחָז֔וּנִי כְּצִירֵ֖י יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי מֵרְאֽוֹת׃", "text": "upon-thus *mālə'ū* my *motnay* *ḥalḥālāh* *ṣîrîm* *'aḥazūnî* like *ṣîrê* *yôlēdāh* *na'awêtî* from *šəmōa'* *nibhaltî* from *rə'ôt*", "grammar": { "*mālə'ū*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they are filled/became full", "*motnay*": "noun, masculine dual with 1st person singular suffix - my loins/waist", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - anguish/writhing pain", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - pangs/pains", "*'aḥazūnî*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural with 1st person singular suffix - they seized me", "*ṣîrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - pangs of", "*yôlēdāh*": "verb participle, qal active, feminine singular - woman giving birth", "*na'awêtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am bent/twisted/distorted", "*šəmōa'*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with prefix min - from hearing", "*nibhaltî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am terrified/dismayed", "*rə'ôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with prefix min - from seeing" }, "variants": { "*ḥalḥālāh*": "anguish/writhing/cramps/pain", "*na'awêtî*": "I am bent over/I am twisted/I am distorted", "*nibhaltî*": "I am terrified/I am dismayed/I am overwhelmed with fear" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.4", "source": "תָּעָ֣ה לְבָבִ֔י פַּלָּצ֖וּת בִּֽעֲתָ֑תְנִי אֵ֚ת נֶ֣שֶׁף חִשְׁקִ֔י שָׂ֥ם לִ֖י לַחֲרָדָֽה׃", "text": "*tā'āh* my *ləbābî* *pallāṣūt* *bi'atātnî* *'ēt* *nešep* my *ḥišqî* *śām* to me to *ḥarādāh*", "grammar": { "*tā'āh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it wanders/reels", "*ləbābî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*pallāṣūt*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/shuddering/trembling", "*bi'atātnî*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - it terrifies me", "*'ēt*": "direct object marker", "*nešep*": "noun, masculine singular - twilight/evening", "*ḥišqî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my pleasure/desire", "*śām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it has put/placed", "*ḥarādāh*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix lamed - to trembling/terror" }, "variants": { "*tā'āh*": "wanders/reels/staggers", "*pallāṣūt*": "horror/shuddering/trembling/terror", "*nešep ḥišqî*": "twilight of my desire/evening I longed for", "*ḥarādāh*": "trembling/terror/fear" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.5", "source": "עָרֹ֧ךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ן צָפֹ֥ה הַצָּפִ֖ית אָכ֣וֹל שָׁתֹ֑ה ק֥וּמוּ הַשָּׂרִ֖ים מִשְׁח֥וּ מָגֵֽן׃ פ", "text": "*'ārōk* the *šulḥān* *ṣāpōh* the *ṣāpît* *'ākôl* *šātōh* *qūmū* the *śārîm* *mišḥū* *māgēn*", "grammar": { "*'ārōk*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - setting/arranging", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the table", "*ṣāpōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - watching", "*ṣāpît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the watchtower/watchpost", "*'ākôl*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*šātōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - drinking", "*qūmū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - arise/stand up", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the princes/officials", "*mišḥū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - anoint", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield" }, "variants": { "*'ārōk*": "arrange/prepare/set up", "*ṣāpōh*": "watch/keep lookout", "*ṣāpît*": "watchtower/watchpost/lookout", "*mišḥū māgēn*": "anoint the shield/prepare the shield/oil the shield" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.6", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֵלַ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י לֵ֚ךְ הַעֲמֵ֣ד הַֽמְצַפֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִרְאֶ֖ה יַגִּֽיד׃", "text": "For thus *'āmar* to me *'adōnāy* *lēk* *ha'amēd* the *məṣappeh* *'ašer* *yir'eh* *yaggîd*", "grammar": { "*'āmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*'adōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*lēk*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*ha'amēd*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine singular - station/set up/establish", "*məṣappeh*": "verb participle, piel active with definite article - the watchman/lookout", "*'ašer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*yir'eh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will see", "*yaggîd*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will declare/report" }, "variants": { "*'adōnāy*": "my Lord/Lord/the Lord", "*ha'amēd*": "station/set up/appoint/establish", "*məṣappeh*": "watchman/lookout/sentinel" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.7", "source": "וְרָ֣אָה רֶ֗כֶב צֶ֚מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֔ים רֶ֥כֶב חֲמ֖וֹר רֶ֣כֶב גָּמָ֑ל וְהִקְשִׁ֥יב קֶ֖שֶׁב רַב־קָֽשֶׁב׃", "text": "And *rā'āh* *rekeb* *ṣemed* *pārāšîm* *rekeb* *ḥamôr* *rekeb* *gāmāl* and *hiqšîb* *qešeb* *rab*-*qāšeb*", "grammar": { "*rā'āh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will see", "*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot/riders", "*ṣemed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pair of", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen", "*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariot/riders of", "*ḥamôr*": "noun, masculine singular - donkey", "*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariot/riders of", "*gāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - camel", "*hiqšîb*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will listen attentively", "*qešeb*": "noun, masculine singular - attention", "*rab*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/much", "*qāšeb*": "noun, masculine singular - attention" }, "variants": { "*rekeb*": "chariot/rider/mounted troops", "*ṣemed pārāšîm*": "pair of horsemen/team of riders", "*hiqšîb qešeb rab-qāšeb*": "pay very close attention/listen with great carefulness/listen with utmost attention" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.8", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֖א אַרְיֵ֑ה עַל־מִצְפֶּ֣ה ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י אָנֹכִ֞י עֹמֵ֤ד תָּמִיד֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְעַל־מִ֨שְׁמַרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֥י נִצָּ֖ב כָּל־הַלֵּילֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *yiqrā'* *'aryēh* upon-*miṣpeh* *'adōnāy* *'ānōkî* *'ōmēd* *tāmîd* *yômām* and upon-my *mišmartî* *'ānōkî* *niṣṣāb* all-the *lêlôt*", "grammar": { "*yiqrā'*": "verb, qal imperfect with vav consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he called out", "*'aryēh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*miṣpeh*": "noun, masculine singular - watchtower", "*'adōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*'ānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*'ōmēd*": "verb participle, qal active - standing", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually/perpetually", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day/daytime", "*mišmartî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my watch/guard post", "*'ānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*niṣṣāb*": "verb participle, niphal - stationed/positioned", "*lêlôt*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nights" }, "variants": { "*'aryēh*": "lion (possibly referring to the watchman as 'lion')", "*miṣpeh*": "watchtower/lookout/watchpost", "*'ōmēd tāmîd*": "standing continually/stationed constantly", "*niṣṣāb*": "stationed/positioned/posted" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.9", "source": "וְהִנֵּה־זֶ֥ה בָא֙ רֶ֣כֶב אִ֔ישׁ צֶ֖מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָפְלָ֤ה נָֽפְלָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְכָל־פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ שִׁבַּ֥ר לָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And behold-this *bā'* *rekeb* *'îš* *ṣemed* *pārāšîm* and *ya'an* and *yō'mer* *nāplāh* *nāplāh* *bābel* and all-*pəsîlê* her *'elōheyā* *šibbar* to *'āreṣ*", "grammar": { "*bā'*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - coming", "*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariot/rider of", "*'îš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ṣemed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pair of", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen", "*ya'an*": "verb, qal imperfect with vav consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*yō'mer*": "verb, qal imperfect with vav consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nāplāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has fallen", "*nāplāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has fallen (repeated)", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*pəsîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - graven images of", "*'elōheyā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her gods", "*šibbar*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has shattered", "*'āreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix lamed - to the ground" }, "variants": { "*rekeb 'îš*": "chariot with men/chariot of a man", "*nāplāh nāplāh*": "fallen, fallen (emphatic repetition)", "*šibbar lā'āreṣ*": "shattered to the ground/broken to the earth" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.10", "source": "מְדֻשָׁתִ֖י וּבֶן־גָּרְנִ֑י אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הִגַּ֥דְתִּי לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "My *mədušātî* and son of-my *gornî* *'ašer* *šāma'tî* from *yhwh* *ṣəbā'ôt* *'elōhê* *yiśrā'ēl* *higgadtî* to you", "grammar": { "*mədušātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my threshed one", "*gornî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my threshing floor", "*'ašer*": "relative pronoun - that which", "*šāma'tî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have heard", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*ṣəbā'ôt*": "noun, masculine plural - hosts/armies", "*'elōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*higgadtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have declared" }, "variants": { "*mədušātî*": "my threshed one/what I have threshed", "*ben-gornî*": "son of my threshing floor/child of my threshing floor", "*yhwh ṣəbā'ôt*": "LORD of hosts/YHWH of armies" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.11", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א דּוּמָ֑ה אֵלַי֙ קֹרֵ֣א מִשֵּׂעִ֔יר שֹׁמֵר֙ מַה־מִלַּ֔יְלָה שֹׁמֵ֖ר מַה־מִלֵּֽיל׃", "text": "*maśśā'* *dūmāh* to me *qōrē'* from *śē'îr* *šōmēr* what-from *llaylāh* *šōmēr* what-from *llêl*", "grammar": { "*maśśā'*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burden/oracle", "*dūmāh*": "proper noun - Dumah (Edom)", "*qōrē'*": "verb participle, qal active - calling", "*śē'îr*": "proper noun - Seir (Edom)", "*šōmēr*": "verb participle, qal active - watchman/guardian", "*llaylāh*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix min - from night", "*šōmēr*": "verb participle, qal active - watchman/guardian", "*llêl*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix min - from night" }, "variants": { "*maśśā'*": "burden/oracle/prophecy", "*dūmāh*": "Dumah/silence (wordplay on Edom)", "*šōmēr mah-millaylāh*": "watchman, what of the night?/guard, how far gone is the night?" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.12", "source": "אָמַ֣ר שֹׁמֵ֔ר אָתָ֥ה בֹ֖קֶר וְגַם־לָ֑יְלָה אִם־תִּבְעָי֥וּן בְּעָ֖יוּ שֻׁ֥בוּ אֵתָֽיוּ׃ ס", "text": "*'āmar* *šōmēr* *'ātāh* *bōqer* and also-*lāylāh* if-*tib'āyūn* *bə'āyū* *šūbū* *'ētāyū*", "grammar": { "*'āmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*šōmēr*": "verb participle, qal active - watchman/guardian", "*'ātāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - comes/is coming", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*lāylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*tib'āyūn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you inquire", "*bə'āyū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - inquire", "*šūbū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - return", "*'ētāyū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - come" }, "variants": { "*'ātāh bōqer*": "morning comes/morning is coming", "*tib'āyūn bə'āyū*": "if you will inquire, inquire (emphatic repetition)", "*šūbū 'ētāyū*": "return, come/come back, come again" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.13", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א בַּעְרָ֑ב בַּיַּ֤עַר בַּעְרַב֙ תָּלִ֔ינוּ אֹֽרְח֖וֹת דְּדָנִֽים׃", "text": "*maśśā'* in *ba'rāb* in the *ya'ar* in *ba'rab* *tālînū* *'ōrḥôt* *dədānîm*", "grammar": { "*maśśā'*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burden/oracle", "*ba'rāb*": "proper noun with prefix bet - in Arabia", "*ya'ar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and prefix bet - in the forest", "*ba'rab*": "proper noun with prefix bet - in Arabia", "*tālînū*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will lodge/spend the night", "*'ōrḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - caravans of", "*dədānîm*": "proper noun, plural - Dedanites" }, "variants": { "*maśśā'*": "burden/oracle/prophecy", "*ba'rāb*": "in Arabia/in the desert/steppe", "*ya'ar ba'rab*": "forest in Arabia/thickets in the desert", "*'ōrḥôt*": "caravans/travelers/companies" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.14", "source": "לִקְרַ֥את צָמֵ֖א הֵתָ֣יוּ מָ֑יִם יֹשְׁבֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ תֵּימָ֔א בְּלַחְמ֖וֹ קִדְּמ֥וּ נֹדֵֽד׃", "text": "To meet *ṣāmē'* *hētāyū* *māyim* *yōšbê* *'ereṣ* *têmā'* with his *laḥmô* *qiddəmū* *nōdēd*", "grammar": { "*ṣāmē'*": "adjective, masculine singular - thirsty", "*hētāyū*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine plural - bring", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*yōšbê*": "verb participle, qal active, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*têmā'*": "proper noun - Tema", "*laḥmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix and prefix bet - with his bread/food", "*qiddəmū*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd plural - they met/confronted", "*nōdēd*": "verb participle, qal active - fugitive/wanderer" }, "variants": { "*hētāyū māyim*": "bring water/provide water", "*laḥmô*": "his bread/his food/his provisions", "*qiddəmū*": "they met/went to meet/confronted", "*nōdēd*": "fugitive/wanderer/refugee" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.15", "source": "כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֥י חֲרָב֖וֹת נָדָ֑דוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י ׀ חֶ֣רֶב נְטוּשָׁ֗ה וּמִפְּנֵי֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת דְּרוּכָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י כֹּ֥בֶד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ ס", "text": "For-from face of *ḥarābôt* *nādādū* from face of *ḥereb* *nəṭūšāh* and from face of *qešet* *dərūkāh* and from face of *kōbed* *milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*ḥarābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - swords", "*nādādū*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they fled", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*nəṭūšāh*": "verb participle, passive, feminine singular - drawn", "*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*dərūkāh*": "verb participle, passive, feminine singular - bent/drawn", "*kōbed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heaviness/severity of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*mippənê*": "from before/from the face of/because of", "*ḥarābôt*": "swords/weapons", "*ḥereb nəṭūšāh*": "drawn sword/unsheathed sword", "*qešet dərūkāh*": "bent bow/drawn bow/strung bow", "*kōbed milḥāmāh*": "severity of battle/weight of war/grievousness of conflict" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.16", "source": "כִּי־כֹ֛ה אָמַ֥ר אֲדֹנָ֖י אֵלָ֑י בְּע֤וֹד שָׁנָה֙ כִּשְׁנֵ֣י שָׂכִ֔יר וְכָלָ֖ה כָּל־כְּב֥וֹד קֵדָֽר׃", "text": "For-thus *'āmar* *'adōnāy* to me in *'ôd* *šānāh* like *šənê* *śākîr* and *kālāh* all-*kəbôd* *qēdār*", "grammar": { "*'āmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*'adōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*'ôd*": "adverb - yet/still", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*šənê*": "noun, masculine dual construct - years of", "*śākîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired laborer", "*kālāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will end/be finished", "*kəbôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*qēdār*": "proper noun - Kedar" }, "variants": { "*'ôd šānāh kišnê śākîr*": "within a year, as the years of a hired worker/in one year, according to the years of a hired man", "*kālāh*": "will end/will be finished/will come to an end", "*kəbôd qēdār*": "glory of Kedar/splendor of Kedar" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.17", "source": "וּשְׁאָ֧ר מִסְפַּר־קֶ֛שֶׁת גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־קֵדָ֖ר יִמְעָ֑טוּ כִּ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס", "text": "And *šə'ār* *mispar*-*qešet* *gibbôrê* *bənê*-*qēdār* *yim'āṭū* for *yhwh* *'elōhê*-*yiśrā'ēl* *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*šə'ār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of", "*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*gibbôrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mighty men of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*qēdār*": "proper noun - Kedar", "*yim'āṭū*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be few/diminished", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*'elōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spoken" }, "variants": { "*šə'ār mispar-qešet*": "remainder of the number of bows/remnant of the archers", "*gibbôrê bənê-qēdār*": "mighty men of the sons of Kedar/warriors of the people of Kedar", "*yim'āṭū*": "will be few/will be diminished/will decrease" } }
• Isa 23:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*Maśśā* *Ṣōr* *hêlîlû* *ʾŏnîyôt* *Taršîš* *kî*-*šuddad* *mibbayit* *mibbôʾ* from-*ʾereṣ* *Kittîm* *niglāh*-to-them", "grammar": { "*Maśśā*": "construct, masculine singular - burden/oracle against", "*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*hêlîlû*": "imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl", "*ʾŏnîyôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ships", "*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is devastated/destroyed", "*mibbayit*": "preposition + noun - from house/home", "*mibbôʾ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - from entering/coming", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Kittîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus/Mediterranean islands", "*niglāh*-*lāmô*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - it is revealed to them" }, "variants": { "*Maśśā*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/prophecy", "*šuddad*": "destroyed/devastated/laid waste", "*mibbayit*": "from house/without a house/from port", "*mibbôʾ*": "from entering/from harbor/from haven", "*Kittîm*": "Cyprus/Mediterranean coast/Greek islands", "*niglāh*-*lāmô*": "it is revealed/disclosed/made known to them" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.2", "source": "דֹּ֖מּוּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אִ֑י סֹחֵ֥ר צִיד֛וֹן עֹבֵ֥ר יָ֖ם מִלְאֽוּךְ׃", "text": "*Dōmmû* *yōšbê* *ʾî* *sōḥēr* *Ṣîdôn* *ʿōbēr* *yām* *milʾûk*", "grammar": { "*Dōmmû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be silent/still", "*yōšbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*ʾî*": "noun, masculine singular - island/coastland", "*sōḥēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - merchant/trader of", "*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - crossing/passing over", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*milʾûk*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they have filled you" }, "variants": { "*Dōmmû*": "be silent/be still/be dumbfounded", "*yōšbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*ʾî*": "island/coastland/shore", "*sōḥēr*": "merchant/trader/seafarer", "*ʿōbēr*": "crossing/passing over/traveling", "*milʾûk*": "filled you/replenished you/enriched you" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.3", "source": "וּבְמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ זֶ֣רַע שִׁחֹ֔ר קְצִ֥יר יְא֖וֹר תְּבֽוּאָתָ֑הּ וַתְּהִ֖י סְחַ֥ר גּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "And-on-*mayim* *rabbîm* *zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr* *qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr* *tĕbûʾātāh* *wattĕhî* *sĕḥar* *gôyim*", "grammar": { "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/many", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed of", "*Šiḥōr*": "proper noun - Shihor/Nile", "*qĕṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of", "*yĕʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river", "*tĕbûʾātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/revenue", "*wattĕhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it became", "*sĕḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - merchandise/trade of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr*": "seed of Shihor/grain of the Nile/harvest of Egypt", "*qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr*": "harvest of the Nile/river harvest", "*tĕbûʾātāh*": "its produce/its revenue/its income", "*sĕḥar*": "merchandise/market/emporium" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.4", "source": "בּ֣וֹשִׁי צִיד֔וֹן כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר יָ֔ם מָע֥וֹז הַיָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־חַ֣לְתִּי וְלֹֽא־יָלַ֗דְתִּי וְלֹ֥א גִדַּ֛לְתִּי בַּחוּרִ֖ים רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי בְתוּלֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Bôšî* *Ṣîdôn* *kî*-*ʾāmar* *yām* *māʿôz* *hayyām* *lēʾmōr* not-*ḥaltî* and-not-*yāladtî* and-not *giddaltî* *baḥûrîm* *rômamtî* *bĕtûlôt*", "grammar": { "*Bôšî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - be ashamed", "*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*māʿôz*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stronghold of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ḥaltî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have travailed/labored in birth", "*yāladtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have given birth", "*giddaltî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular - I have raised", "*baḥûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - young men", "*rômamtî*": "polel perfect, 1st singular - I have brought up", "*bĕtûlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - virgins/maidens" }, "variants": { "*Bôšî*": "be ashamed/be embarrassed/be disgraced", "*māʿôz*": "stronghold/fortress/haven", "*ḥaltî*": "travailed/labored in birth/been in pain", "*giddaltî*": "raised/brought up/nourished", "*rômamtî*": "brought up/raised/exalted" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.5", "source": "כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־שֵׁ֖מַע לְמִצְרָ֑יִם יָחִ֖ילוּ כְּשֵׁ֥מַע צֹֽר׃", "text": "*Kaʾăšer*-*šēmaʿ* to-*Miṣrāyim* *yāḥîlû* *kĕšēmaʿ* *Ṣōr*", "grammar": { "*Kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - when/as", "*šēmaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - report/news", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be in anguish", "*kĕšēmaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at the report of", "*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre" }, "variants": { "*šēmaʿ*": "report/news/rumor", "*yāḥîlû*": "be in anguish/writhe/be in pain", "*kĕšēmaʿ*": "at the report of/when the news reaches/as the rumor of" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.6", "source": "עִבְר֖וּ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה הֵילִ֖ילוּ יֹ֥שְׁבֵי אִֽי׃", "text": "*ʿIbrû* *Taršîšāh* *hêlîlû* *yōšbê* *ʾî*", "grammar": { "*ʿIbrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - cross over/pass over", "*Taršîšāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Tarshish", "*hêlîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl", "*yōšbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*ʾî*": "noun, masculine singular - island/coastland" }, "variants": { "*ʿIbrû*": "cross over/pass over/go over", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*yōšbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*ʾî*": "island/coastland/shore" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.7", "source": "הֲזֹ֥את לָכֶ֖ם עַלִּיזָ֑ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֤דֶם קַדְמָתָהּ֙ יֹבִל֣וּהָ רַגְלֶ֔יהָ מֵֽרָח֖וֹק לָגֽוּר׃", "text": "?*Hăzōʾt* to-you *ʿallîzāh* from-*yĕmê*-*qedem* *qadmātāh* *yōbilûhā* *raglêhā* from-*rāḥôq* *lāgûr*", "grammar": { "*Hăzōʾt*": "interrogative particle + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - Is this", "*ʿallîzāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - joyous/jubilant", "*yĕmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*qedem*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient times/antiquity", "*qadmātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her antiquity", "*yōbilûhā*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will lead her", "*raglêhā*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her feet", "*rāḥôq*": "noun, masculine singular - distance/far place", "*lāgûr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sojourn/dwell" }, "variants": { "*ʿallîzāh*": "joyous/jubilant/exultant", "*qedem*": "ancient times/antiquity/old days", "*qadmātāh*": "her antiquity/her ancient origin/her early days", "*yōbilûhā*": "they will lead her/they will carry her/they will take her", "*raglêhā*": "her feet/her legs/her own power", "*lāgûr*": "to sojourn/to dwell/to reside as an alien" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.8", "source": "מִ֚י יָעַ֣ץ זֹ֔את עַל־צֹ֖ר הַמַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר סֹחֲרֶ֙יה֙ שָׂרִ֔ים כִּנְעָנֶ֖יהָ נִכְבַדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "Who *yāʿaṣ* *zōʾt* against-*Ṣōr* *hammaʿăṭîrāh* which *sōḥărêhā* *śārîm* *kinʿānêhā* *nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yāʿaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has planned/purposed", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*hammaʿăṭîrāh*": "definite article + hiphil participle, feminine singular - the crown-bestowing", "*sōḥărêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her merchants", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials", "*kinʿānêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her traders/Canaanites", "*nikbaddê*": "niphal participle, masculine plural construct - honored ones of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yāʿaṣ*": "planned/purposed/devised", "*hammaʿăṭîrāh*": "crown-bestowing/giver of crowns/crowning", "*sōḥărêhā*": "her merchants/her traders/her dealers", "*kinʿānêhā*": "her traders/her Canaanites/her merchants", "*nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "honored ones of the earth/nobles of the land/respected of the world" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.9", "source": "יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת יְעָצָ֑הּ לְחַלֵּל֙ גְּא֣וֹן כָּל־צְבִ֔י לְהָקֵ֖ל כָּל־נִכְבַּדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *yĕʿāṣāh* *lĕḥallēl* *gĕʾôn* all-*ṣĕbî* *lĕhāqēl* all-*nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*yĕʿāṣāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he has purposed it", "*lĕḥallēl*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to profane/defile", "*gĕʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pride of", "*ṣĕbî*": "noun, masculine singular - beauty/glory", "*lĕhāqēl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to bring into contempt", "*nikbaddê*": "niphal participle, masculine plural construct - honored ones of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/heavenly forces", "*yĕʿāṣāh*": "purposed it/planned it/determined it", "*lĕḥallēl*": "to profane/to defile/to desecrate", "*gĕʾôn*": "pride/majesty/excellency", "*ṣĕbî*": "beauty/glory/splendor", "*lĕhāqēl*": "to bring into contempt/to dishonor/to make light of", "*nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "honored ones of the earth/nobles of the land/respected of the world" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.10", "source": "עִבְרִ֥י אַרְצֵ֖ךְ כַּיְאֹ֑ר בַּת־תַּרְשִׁ֕ישׁ אֵ֖ין מֵ֥זַח עֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ʿIbrî* *ʾarṣēk* *kayĕʾōr* *bat*-*Taršîš* *ʾên* *mēzaḥ* *ʿôd*", "grammar": { "*ʿIbrî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - overflow/cross over", "*ʾarṣēk*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your land", "*kayĕʾōr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the Nile", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mēzaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - girdle/restraint", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - anymore/longer" }, "variants": { "*ʿIbrî*": "overflow/cross over/flood", "*kayĕʾōr*": "like the Nile/like a river/as the river [overflows]", "*bat*-*Taršîš*": "daughter of Tarshish/colony of Tarshish/people of Tarshish", "*mēzaḥ*": "girdle/restraint/bond/harbor/protection" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.11", "source": "יָדוֹ֙ נָטָ֣ה עַל־הַיָּ֔ם הִרְגִּ֖יז מַמְלָכ֑וֹת יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה אֶל־כְּנַ֔עַן לַשְׁמִ֖ד מָעֻזְנֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "His-*yādô* *nāṭāh* over-*hayyām* *hirgîz* *mamlākôt* *YHWH* *ṣiwwāh* against-*Kĕnaʿan* *lašmid* *māʿuznêhā*", "grammar": { "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*nāṭāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he stretched out", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*hirgîz*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has shaken", "*mamlākôt*": "noun, feminine plural - kingdoms", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*Kĕnaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*lašmid*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*māʿuznêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her strongholds" }, "variants": { "*nāṭāh*": "stretched out/extended/reached out", "*hirgîz*": "shaken/made to tremble/caused to quake", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/gave instruction", "*lašmid*": "to destroy/to demolish/to annihilate", "*māʿuznêhā*": "her strongholds/her fortresses/her defenses" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֥יפִי ע֖וֹד לַעְל֑וֹז הַֽמְעֻשָּׁקָ֞ה בְּתוּלַ֣ת בַּת־צִיד֗וֹן כִּתִּים֙ ק֣וּמִי עֲבֹ֔רִי גַּם־שָׁ֖ם לֹא־יָנ֥וּחַֽ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* not-*tôsîpî* *ʿôd* *laʿlôz* *hamĕʿuššāqāh* *bĕtûlat* *bat*-*Ṣîdôn* *Kittîm* *qûmî* *ʿăbōrî* also-there not-*yānûaḥ* to-you", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*tôsîpî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will continue", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore", "*laʿlôz*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to exult/rejoice", "*hamĕʿuššāqāh*": "definite article + pual participle, feminine singular - the oppressed one", "*bĕtûlat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*Kittîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus", "*qûmî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*ʿăbōrî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cross over", "*yānûaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it will give rest" }, "variants": { "*tôsîpî*": "you will continue/you will add/you will do again", "*laʿlôz*": "to exult/to rejoice/to be jubilant", "*hamĕʿuššāqāh*": "the oppressed one/the violated one/the ravished one", "*bĕtûlat* *bat*-*Ṣîdôn*": "virgin daughter of Sidon/virgin of Sidon's daughter", "*qûmî* *ʿăbōrî*": "arise, cross over/get up, pass over", "*yānûaḥ*": "will give rest/will grant peace/will provide rest" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.13", "source": "הֵ֣ן ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה אַשּׁ֖וּר יְסָדָ֣הּ לְצִיִּ֑ים הֵקִ֣ימוּ בַחוּנָ֗יו עֹרְרוּ֙ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שָׂמָ֖הּ לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃", "text": "Behold *ʾereṣ* *Kaśdîm* this *hāʿām* not *hāyāh* *ʾaššûr* *yĕsādāh* for-*ṣiyyîm* *hēqîmû* *baḥûnāyw* *ʿōrĕrû* *ʾarmĕnôtêhā* *śāmāh* *lĕmappēlāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*yĕsādāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he founded it", "*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - desert dwellers/wild beasts", "*hēqîmû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they set up", "*baḥûnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his siege towers", "*ʿōrĕrû*": "polel perfect, 3rd common plural - they laid bare", "*ʾarmĕnôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces", "*śāmāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he made it", "*lĕmappēlāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - into a ruin" }, "variants": { "*ʾereṣ* *Kaśdîm*": "land of Chaldeans/Chaldea/Babylonia", "*hāyāh*": "was/existed/came to be", "*yĕsādāh*": "founded it/established it/appointed it", "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert dwellers/wild beasts/jackals", "*baḥûnāyw*": "his siege towers/his watchtowers/his battlements", "*ʿōrĕrû*": "laid bare/stripped/demolished", "*lĕmappēlāh*": "into a ruin/into a heap/into rubble" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.14", "source": "הֵילִ֖ילוּ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מָעֻזְּכֶֽן׃", "text": "*Hêlîlû* *ʾŏnîyôt* *Taršîš* *kî* *šuddad* *māʿuzzĕken*", "grammar": { "*Hêlîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl", "*ʾŏnîyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ships of", "*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is devastated/destroyed", "*māʿuzzĕken*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine plural suffix - your stronghold" }, "variants": { "*Hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*šuddad*": "devastated/destroyed/laid waste", "*māʿuzzĕken*": "your stronghold/your fortress/your haven" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.15", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְנִשְׁכַּ֤חַת צֹר֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה כִּימֵ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ אֶחָ֑ד מִקֵּ֞ץ שִׁבְעִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לְצֹ֔ר כְּשִׁירַ֖ת הַזּוֹנָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wĕhāyāh* in-*bayyôm* *hahûʾ* and-*wĕniškkaḥat* *Ṣōr* *šibʿîm* *šānāh* like-*kîmê* *melek* *ʾeḥād* from-*miqqēṣ* *šibʿîm* *šānāh* *yihyeh* to-*Ṣōr* like-*kĕšîrat* *hazzônāh*", "grammar": { "*wĕhāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be/happen", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*wĕniškkaḥat*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and forgotten", "*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*šibʿîm*": "cardinal number - seventy", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*kîmê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - like the days of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - one", "*miqqēṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the end of", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*kĕšîrat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like the song of", "*hazzônāh*": "definite article + qal participle, feminine singular - the prostitute" }, "variants": { "*wĕhāyāh*": "and it will be/and it will happen/and it will come to pass", "*wĕniškkaḥat*": "and forgotten/and neglected/and ignored", "*kîmê* *melek* *ʾeḥād*": "like the days of one king/according to the reign of a single king", "*kĕšîrat* *hazzônāh*": "like the song of the prostitute/as the song of a harlot" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.16", "source": "קְחִ֥י כִנּ֛וֹר סֹ֥בִּי עִ֖יר זוֹנָ֣ה נִשְׁכָּחָ֑ה הֵיטִ֤יבִי נַגֵּן֙ הַרְבִּי־שִׁ֔יר לְמַ֖עַן תִּזָּכֵֽרִי׃", "text": "*Qĕḥî* *kinnôr* *sōbbî* *ʿîr* *zônāh* *niškāḥāh* *hêṭîbî* *naggēn* *harbî*-*šîr* *lĕmaʿan* *tizzākērî*", "grammar": { "*Qĕḥî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - take", "*kinnôr*": "noun, masculine singular - lyre/harp", "*sōbbî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - go around", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*zônāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - prostitute", "*niškāḥāh*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - forgotten", "*hêṭîbî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - play well", "*naggēn*": "piel infinitive absolute - playing", "*harbî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - multiply/increase", "*šîr*": "noun, masculine singular - song", "*lĕmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*tizzākērî*": "niphal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will be remembered" }, "variants": { "*Qĕḥî*": "take/pick up/grasp", "*sōbbî*": "go around/circle/make rounds through", "*zônāh* *niškāḥāh*": "forgotten prostitute/neglected harlot", "*hêṭîbî* *naggēn*": "play well/skillfully play/make sweet melody", "*harbî*-*šîr*": "multiply song/increase singing/sing many songs", "*tizzākērî*": "you will be remembered/you will be brought to mind/you will be thought of" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.17", "source": "וְהָיָ֞ה מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה יִפְקֹ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־צֹ֔ר וְשָׁבָ֖ה לְאֶתְנַנָּ֑ה וְזָֽנְתָ֛ה אֶת־כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wĕhāyāh* from-*miqqēṣ* *šibʿîm* *šānāh* *yipqōd* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*Ṣōr* and-*wĕšābāh* to-*ʾetnannāh* and-*wĕzāntāh* *ʾet*-all-*mamlĕkôt* *hāʾāreṣ* on-*pĕnê* *hāʾădāmāh*", "grammar": { "*wĕhāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be/happen", "*miqqēṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the end of", "*šibʿîm*": "cardinal number - seventy", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*yipqōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will visit", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre", "*wĕšābāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will return", "*ʾetnannāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hire", "*wĕzāntāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will commit prostitution", "*mamlĕkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*hāʾădāmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the ground" }, "variants": { "*yipqōd*": "visit/attend to/take notice of", "*wĕšābāh* *lĕʾetnannāh*": "return to her hire/go back to her wages/resume her trade", "*wĕzāntāh*": "commit prostitution/play the harlot/have commercial relations", "*pĕnê* *hāʾădāmāh*": "face of the ground/surface of the earth" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.18", "source": "וְהָיָ֨ה סַחְרָ֜הּ וְאֶתְנַנָּ֗הּ קֹ֚דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א יֵֽאָצֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יֵֽחָסֵ֑ן כִּ֣י לַיֹּשְׁבִ֞ים לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה סַחְרָ֔הּ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל לְשָׂבְעָ֖ה וְלִמְכַסֶּ֥ה עָתִֽיק׃", "text": "And-*wĕhāyāh* *saḥrāh* and-*wĕʾetnannāh* *qōdeš* to-*YHWH* not *yēʾāṣēr* and-not *yēḥāsēn* *kî* to-*layyōšbîm* before-*lipnê* *YHWH* *yihyeh* *saḥrāh* *leʾĕkōl* to-*lĕśābʿāh* and-for-*wĕlimkasseh* *ʿātîq*", "grammar": { "*wĕhāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be/happen", "*saḥrāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her merchandise", "*wĕʾetnannāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her hire", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness/holy thing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yēʾāṣēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be stored up", "*yēḥāsēn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be hoarded", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*layyōšbîm*": "preposition + definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - for those dwelling", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before/in the presence of", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*saḥrāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her merchandise", "*leʾĕkōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*lĕśābʿāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to satisfaction/fullness", "*wĕlimkasseh*": "conjunction + preposition + piel infinitive construct - and for covering", "*ʿātîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - enduring/lasting/old" }, "variants": { "*saḥrāh*": "her merchandise/her profit/her trade", "*wĕʾetnannāh*": "and her hire/and her wages/and her payment", "*qōdeš* *laYHWH*": "holy to YHWH/consecrated to the LORD", "*yēʾāṣēr*": "be stored up/be treasured/be gathered", "*yēḥāsēn*": "be hoarded/be saved up/be stored", "*layyōšbîm* *lipnê* *YHWH*": "for those dwelling before YHWH/for those who live in the LORD's presence", "*lĕśābʿāh*": "to satisfaction/to fullness/abundantly", "*wĕlimkasseh* *ʿātîq*": "for covering lasting/for enduring clothing/for fine clothing" } }
• Isa 42:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Isaiah.42.25", "source": "וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עָלָיו֙ חֵמָ֣ה אַפּ֔וֹ וֶעֱז֖וּז מִלְחָמָ֑ה וַתְּלַהֲטֵ֤הוּ מִסָּבִיב֙ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֔ע וַתִּבְעַר־בּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־יָשִׂ֥ים עַל־לֵֽב׃ פ", "text": "And he *wayyišpōk* upon him *ḥēmâ* *ʾappô* and *ʿĕzûz* *milḥāmâ*; and *wattĕlahăṭēhû* from all around, yet not *yādāʿ*, and *wattiḇʿar-bô* yet not *yāśîm* *ʿal-lēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišpōk*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he poured out", "*ḥēmâ*": "feminine singular noun - rage/fury/wrath", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/his nose", "*ʿĕzûz*": "masculine singular noun - might/strength/fierceness", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war/fight", "*wattĕlahăṭēhû*": "piel imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and it consumed him/it burned him", "*yādāʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he knew/understood/perceived", "*wattiḇʿar-bô*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd feminine singular with preposition and 3rd masculine singular suffix - and it burned in him", "*yāśîm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he puts/places/takes", "*ʿal-lēḇ*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - upon heart/to heart/to mind" }, "variants": { "*wayyišpōk*": "poured out/emptied/expended", "*ḥēmâ*": "rage/fury/wrath/hot anger", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nose/his wrath", "*ʿĕzûz*": "might/strength/fierceness", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war/fighting/conflict", "*wattĕlahăṭēhû*": "consumed him/burned him/scorched him", "*yādāʿ*": "knew/understood/perceived/recognized", "*wattiḇʿar-bô*": "burned in him/blazed in him/consumed in him", "*yāśîm*": "puts/places/takes/considers", "*ʿal-lēḇ*": "to heart/to mind/takes to heart/takes seriously" } }
• Isa 45:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.4", "source": "לְמַ֙עַן֙ עַבְדִּ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּחִירִ֑י וָאֶקְרָ֤א לְךָ֙ בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ אֲכַנְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי", "text": "For-*maʿan* my-servant *yaʿăqōb* and-*yiśrāʾēl* my-*bĕḥîrî* and-*ʾeqrāʾ* to-you in-your-name *ʾăkannĕkā* and-not *yĕdaʿtānî*", "grammar": { "*maʿan*": "conjunction - for the sake of/because of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bĕḥîrî*": "masculine singular adjective with 1st person suffix - my chosen one", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - I called", "*ʾăkannĕkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person suffix - I will name you/I will give you a title", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - you knew me" }, "variants": { "*bĕḥîrî*": "my chosen one/my elect/my selected one", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I called/I summoned/I named", "*ʾăkannĕkā*": "I will name you/I will give you a title/I will surname you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "you knew me/you recognized me/you acknowledged me" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.5", "source": "אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין ע֔וֹד זוּלָתִ֖י אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲאַזֶּרְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי", "text": "*ʾănî* *YHWH* and-*ʾên* *ʿôd* *zûlātî* *ʾên* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăʾazzerkā* and-not *yĕdaʿtānî*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/there is no", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*zûlātî*": "preposition with 1st person suffix - besides me/except me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*ʾăʾazzerkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person suffix - I will gird you/I will strengthen you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - you knew me" }, "variants": { "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no/none", "*ʿôd*": "still/yet/besides/in addition", "*zûlātî*": "besides me/except me/other than me", "*ʾăʾazzerkā*": "I will gird you/I will strengthen you/I will equip you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "you knew me/you recognized me/you acknowledged me" } }
• Jer 25:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.29", "source": "כִּי֩ הִנֵּ֨ה בָעִ֜יר אַשֶׁ֧ר נִֽקְרָא־שְׁמִ֣י עָלֶ֗יהָ אָֽנֹכִי֙ מֵחֵ֣ל לְהָרַ֔ע וְאַתֶּ֖ם הִנָּקֵ֣ה תִנָּק֑וּ לֹ֣א תִנָּק֔וּ כִּ֣י חֶ֗רֶב אֲנִ֤י קֹרֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "For behold, in the *ʿîr* which *niqrāʾ*-my *šəmî* upon it, *ʾānōḵî* *mēḥēl* to *hāraʿ*, and you *hinnāqēh* *tinnāqû*? Not *tinnāqû*! For *ḥereb* *ʾănî* *qōrēʾ* upon-all-*yōšəbê* the *ʾāreṣ*, *nə'um* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - city", "*niqrāʾ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is called", "*šəmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*mēḥēl*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - beginning", "*hāraʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring evil/harm", "*hinnāqēh*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - being unpunished", "*tinnāqû*": "Niphal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be unpunished/go free", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*qōrēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - calling", "*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - earth/land", "*nə'um*": "masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*mēḥēl*": "beginning/starting/commencing", "*hāraʿ*": "to bring evil/to harm/to do damage", "*hinnāqēh tinnāqû*": "being unpunished you will go unpunished? (idiom for 'will you go completely unpunished?')", "*ḥereb*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/proclaiming", "*yōšəbê*": "inhabitants of/dwellers in/residents of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*nə'um*": "declaration of/utterance of/oracle of", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
• Jer 46:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.1", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֧ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא עַל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "That which *hāyāh* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* to-*Yirməyāhû* the-*nāḇîʾ* concerning-the-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that which/that", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - happened/was", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*Yirməyāhû*": "proper name with directional preposition (אֶל) - to Jeremiah", "*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article and preposition (עַל) - concerning the nations/gentiles" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "was/happened/came to be", "*dəḇar*": "word/matter/speech", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.2", "source": "לְמִצְרַ֗יִם עַל־חֵ֨יל פַּרְעֹ֤ה נְכוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה עַל־נְהַר־פְּרָ֖ת בְּכַרְכְּמִ֑שׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכָּ֗ה נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַת֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔ית לִיהוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Concerning-*Miṣrayim*, concerning-*ḥêl* *Parʿōh* *Nəḵô* *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim*, who *hāyāh* at-*nəhar*-*Pərāt* in-*Karkəmîš*, whom *hikkāh* *Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar* *meleḵ* *Bāḇel* in-*šānāh* the-fourth for-*Yəhôyāqîm* *ben*-*Yōʾšiyyāhû* *meleḵ* *Yəhûdāh*.", "grammar": { "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name with preposition (לְ) - concerning Egypt", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - army of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper name, construct state - Pharaoh of", "*Nəḵô*": "proper name - Neco", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - king of", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed", "*nəhar*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - river of", "*Pərāt*": "proper name - Euphrates", "*Karkəmîš*": "proper name with preposition (בְּ) - in Carchemish", "*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck/defeated", "*Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar*": "proper name - Nebuchadnezzar", "*Bāḇel*": "proper name - Babylon", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition (בְּ) - in year", "*rəḇîʿît*": "ordinal number, feminine singular with definite article - the fourth", "*Yəhôyāqîm*": "proper name with preposition (לְ) - for/during Jehoiakim", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - son of", "*Yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper name - Josiah", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper name - Judah" }, "variants": { "*hikkāh*": "struck/defeated/smote", "*ḥêl*": "army/force/strength", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.3", "source": "עִרְכ֤וּ מָגֵן֙ וְצִנָּ֔ה וּגְשׁ֖וּ לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿirḵû* *māgēn* *wə*-*ṣinnāh* *û*-*gəšû* *la*-*milḥāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿirḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - prepare/arrange", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield", "*wə*-*ṣinnāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and buckler/large shield", "*û*-*gəšû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and draw near/approach", "*la*-*milḥāmāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - for the battle" }, "variants": { "*ʿirḵû*": "prepare/arrange/set in order", "*māgēn*": "shield/defense", "*ṣinnāh*": "large shield/buckler", "*gəšû*": "draw near/approach/advance", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.4", "source": "אִסְר֣וּ הַסּוּסִ֗ים וַֽעֲלוּ֙ הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑ים מִרְקוּ֙ הָֽרְמָחִ֔ים לִבְשׁ֖וּ הַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃", "text": "*ʾisrû* the-*sûsîm* *wa*-*ʿălû* the-*pārāšîm* *wə*-*hityaṣṣəḇû* with-*ḵôḇāʿîm*; *mirqû* the-*rəmāḥîm*, *liḇšû* the-*siryōnōt*.", "grammar": { "*ʾisrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - harness/bind", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the horses", "*wa*-*ʿălû*": "consecutive conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and mount up", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the horsemen/cavalry", "*wə*-*hityaṣṣəḇû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperative, masculine plural - and take your stand/position yourselves", "*ḵôḇāʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition (בְּ) - with helmets", "*mirqû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - polish/furbish", "*rəmāḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the spears", "*liḇšû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - put on/wear", "*siryōnōt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the coats of mail/armor" }, "variants": { "*ʾisrû*": "harness/bind/tie", "*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/mounted soldiers", "*hityaṣṣəḇû*": "take your stand/station yourselves/stand firm", "*mirqû*": "polish/furbish/sharpen", "*rəmāḥîm*": "spears/lances", "*liḇšû*": "put on/wear/clothe yourselves with", "*siryōnōt*": "coats of mail/armor/breastplates" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.5", "source": "מַדּ֣וּעַ רָאִ֗יתִי הֵ֣מָּה חַתִּים֮ נְסֹגִ֣ים אָחוֹר֒ וְגִבּוֹרֵיהֶ֣ם יֻכַּ֔תּוּ וּמָנ֥וֹס נָ֖סוּ וְלֹ֣א הִפְנ֑וּ מָג֥וֹר מִסָּבִ֖יב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Maddûaʿ* *rāʾîtî* *hēmmāh* *ḥattîm* *nəsōgîm* backward, *wə*-*gibbôrêhem* *yukkattû* *û*-*mānôs* *nāsû* *wə*-*lōʾ* *hipnû*; *māgôr* from-surrounding, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have seen", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*ḥattîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - dismayed/terrified", "*nəsōgîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - retreating/drawing back", "*wə*-*gibbôrêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their mighty men", "*yukkattû*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - are beaten down/defeated", "*û*-*mānôs*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and fleeing", "*nāsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fled", "*wə*-*lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hipnû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they have turned", "*māgôr*": "noun, masculine singular - terror", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from surrounding/all around", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*ḥattîm*": "dismayed/terrified/broken", "*nəsōgîm*": "retreating/drawing back/turning away", "*gibbôrêhem*": "their mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yukkattû*": "are beaten down/defeated/crushed", "*mānôs*": "fleeing/flight/escape", "*nāsû*": "they have fled/escaped/run away", "*hipnû*": "they have turned/faced/looked back", "*māgôr*": "terror/fear/dread" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.6", "source": "אַל־יָנ֣וּס הַקַּ֔ל וְאַל־יִמָּלֵ֖ט הַגִּבּ֑וֹר צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ עַל־יַ֣ד נְהַר־פְּרָ֔ת כָּשְׁל֖וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*yānûs* the-*qal* *wə*-*ʾal*-*yimmālēṭ* the-*gibbôr*; northward by-*yad* *nəhar*-*Pərāt* *kāšəlû* *wə*-*nāpālû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*-*yānûs*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, jussive - let not flee", "*qal*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the swift", "*wə*-*ʾal*-*yimmālēṭ*": "conjunction + negative particle + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, jussive - and let not escape", "*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the mighty man", "*ṣāpônāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - northward", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (עַל) - by the side of", "*nəhar*-*Pərāt*": "noun, masculine singular, construct + proper name - river of Euphrates", "*kāšəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have stumbled", "*wə*-*nāpālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they have fallen" }, "variants": { "*yānûs*": "flee/escape/run away", "*qal*": "swift/light/nimble", "*yimmālēṭ*": "escape/deliver himself/slip away", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*yad*": "hand/side/bank", "*kāšəlû*": "stumbled/staggered/failed", "*nāpālû*": "fallen/collapsed/been defeated" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.7", "source": "מִי־זֶ֖ה כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֑ה כַּנְּהָר֕וֹת יִֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ מֵימָֽיו׃", "text": "Who-*zeh* like-the-*yəʾōr* *yaʿăleh*; like-the-*nəhārôt* *yitgāʿăšû* *mêmāyw*?", "grammar": { "*mî*-*zeh*": "interrogative pronoun + demonstrative pronoun - who is this", "*ka*-*yəʾōr*": "preposition of comparison + noun, masculine singular with definite article - like the Nile", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - rises/comes up", "*ka*-*nəhārôt*": "preposition of comparison + noun, masculine plural - like the rivers", "*yitgāʿăšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - surge/toss about", "*mêmāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its waters" }, "variants": { "*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/stream (especially referring to the Nile)", "*yaʿăleh*": "rises/comes up/ascends", "*nəhārôt*": "rivers/streams", "*yitgāʿăšû*": "surge/toss about/roar" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.8", "source": "מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָר֖וֹת יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַֽעֲלֶה֙ אֲכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ אֹבִ֥ידָה עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Miṣrayim* like-the-*yəʾōr* *yaʿăleh*, and-like-the-*nəhārôt* *yitgōʿăšû* *māyim*. *Wayyōʾmer*: '*ʾaʿăleh* *ʾăḵasseh*-*ʾereṣ*, *ʾōḇîdāh* *ʿîr* *wə*-*yōšəḇê* in-*bāh*.'", "grammar": { "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ka*-*yəʾōr*": "preposition of comparison + noun, masculine singular with definite article - like the Nile", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - rises/comes up", "*wə*-*ḵa*-*nəhārôt*": "conjunction + preposition of comparison + noun, masculine plural - and like the rivers", "*yitgōʿăšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - surge/toss about", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive waw + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he says", "*ʾaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will rise/go up", "*ʾăḵasseh*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will cover", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*ʾōḇîdāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will destroy", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*wə*-*yōšəḇê*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural construct - and inhabitants of", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăleh*": "rises/comes up/ascends", "*yitgōʿăšû*": "surge/toss about/roar", "*ʾaʿăleh*": "I will rise/go up/advance", "*ʾăḵasseh*": "I will cover/overwhelm/flood", "*ʾōḇîdāh*": "I will destroy/cause to perish/ruin", "*yōšəḇê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.9", "source": "עֲל֤וּ הַסּוּסִים֙ וְהִתְהֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב וְיֵצְא֖וּ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים כּ֤וּשׁ וּפוּט֙ תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י מָגֵ֔ן וְלוּדִ֕ים תֹּפְשֵׂ֖י דֹּ֥רְכֵי קָֽשֶׁת׃", "text": "*ʿălû* the-*sûsîm* *wə*-*hithōləlû* the-*reḵeḇ*, *wə*-*yēṣəʾû* the-*gibbôrîm*: *Kûš* and-*Pûṭ* *tōpəśê* *māgēn*, and-*Lûdîm* *tōpəśê* *dōrəḵê* *qāšet*.", "grammar": { "*ʿălû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - mount up/go up", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the horses", "*wə*-*hithōləlû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperative, masculine plural - and rage/act madly", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the chariots", "*wə*-*yēṣəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural jussive - and let go forth", "*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the mighty men", "*Kûš*": "proper name - Cush/Ethiopia", "*Pûṭ*": "proper name - Put/Libya", "*tōpəśê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - handlers of", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield", "*Lûdîm*": "proper name, plural - Lydians", "*dōrəḵê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drawers/benders of", "*qāšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow" }, "variants": { "*ʿălû*": "mount up/go up/charge", "*hithōləlû*": "rage/act madly/drive furiously", "*reḵeḇ*": "chariots/chariotry/vehicles", "*yēṣəʾû*": "go forth/come out/march out", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*tōpəśê*": "handlers/wielders/those who grasp", "*dōrəḵê*": "drawers/benders/those who bend" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.10", "source": "וְֽהַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא לַאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת י֤וֹם נְקָמָה֙ לְהִנָּקֵ֣ם מִצָּרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֥ה חֶ֙רֶב֙ וְשָׂ֣בְעָ֔ה וְרָוְתָ֖ה מִדָּמָ֑ם כִּ֣י זֶ֠בַח לַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ צָפ֖וֹן אֶל־נְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃", "text": "*Wə*-the-*yôm* that for-*ʾAdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt*, *yôm* *nəqāmāh* *lə*-*hinnāqēm* from-*ṣārāyw*; *wə*-*ʾāḵəlāh* *ḥereḇ* *wə*-*śāḇəʿāh* *wə*-*rāwətāh* from-*dāmām*. For *zeḇaḥ* for-*ʾAdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* in-*ʾereṣ* north by-*nəhar*-*Pərāt*.", "grammar": { "*wə*-*ha*-*yôm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with definite article - and the day", "*ha*-*hûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun with definite article - that", "*la*-*ʾAdōnāy*": "preposition + divine title - for the Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*nəqāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - vengeance", "*lə*-*hinnāqēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to take vengeance", "*ṣārāyw*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his adversaries", "*wə*-*ʾāḵəlāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will devour", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*wə*-*śāḇəʿāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and be satiated", "*wə*-*rāwətāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and be drunk", "*dāmām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and preposition (מִן) - from their blood", "*zeḇaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - sacrifice", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (בְּ) - in land of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*nəhar*-*Pərāt*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper name - river Euphrates" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*nəqāmāh*": "vengeance/revenge", "*hinnāqēm*": "to take vengeance/to avenge himself", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/enemies/foes", "*ʾāḵəlāh*": "devour/consume/eat", "*śāḇəʿāh*": "be satiated/satisfied/filled", "*rāwətāh*": "be drunk/filled/satiated", "*zeḇaḥ*": "sacrifice/slaughter/offering" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.11", "source": "עֲלִ֤י גִלְעָד֙ וּקְחִ֣י צֳרִ֔י בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם לַשָּׁוְא֙ *הרביתי **הִרְבֵּ֣ית רְפֻא֔וֹת תְּעָלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʿălî* *Gilʿād* *û*-*qəḥî* *ṣŏrî*, *bətûlat* *bat*-*Miṣrāyim*; *la*-*ššāwəʾ* *hirbêt* *rəpuʾôt*, *təʿālāh* *ʾên* for-*lāḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿălî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - go up", "*Gilʿād*": "proper name - Gilead", "*û*-*qəḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperative, feminine singular - and take", "*ṣŏrî*": "noun, masculine singular - balm", "*bətûlat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - daughter of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*la*-*ššāwəʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in vain", "*hirbêt*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have multiplied", "*rəpuʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - medicines/remedies", "*təʿālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - healing/recovery", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*ʿălî*": "go up/ascend", "*ṣŏrî*": "balm/healing resin", "*bətûlat*": "virgin/maiden", "*hirbêt*": "you have multiplied/increased/used many", "*rəpuʾôt*": "medicines/remedies/cures", "*təʿālāh*": "healing/recovery/bandage" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.12", "source": "שָׁמְע֤וּ גוֹיִם֙ קְלוֹנֵ֔ךְ וְצִוְחָתֵ֖ךְ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־גִבּ֤וֹר בְּגִבּוֹר֙ כָּשָׁ֔לוּ יַחְדָּ֖יו נָפְל֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Šāməʿû* *gôyim* *qəlônēḵ*, *wə*-*ṣiwḥātēḵ* *mālʾāh* the-*ʾāreṣ*; *kî*-*gibbôr* against-*gibbôr* *kāšālû*, *yaḥdāw* *nāpəlû* *šənêhem*.", "grammar": { "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have heard", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*qəlônēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your shame", "*wə*-*ṣiwḥātēḵ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your cry", "*mālʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has filled", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty man", "*bə*-*gibbôr*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - against mighty man", "*kāšālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have stumbled", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*nāpəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fallen", "*šənêhem*": "numeral, masculine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them" }, "variants": { "*šāməʿû*": "they have heard/perceived/understood", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*qəlônēḵ*": "your shame/disgrace/dishonor", "*ṣiwḥātēḵ*": "your cry/wail/scream", "*mālʾāh*": "filled/completed", "*kāšālû*": "stumbled/staggered/failed", "*nāpəlû*": "fallen/collapsed/been defeated" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.13", "source": "הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ הַנָּבִ֑יא לָב֗וֹא נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל לְהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "The-*dāḇār* which *dibber* *YHWH* to-*Yirməyāhû* the-*nāḇîʾ* about-*lāḇôʾ* *Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar* *meleḵ* *Bāḇel* *lə*-*hakkôt* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*Yirməyāhû*": "proper name with directional preposition (אֶל) - to Jeremiah", "*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*lāḇôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition (לְ) - about coming", "*Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar*": "proper name - Nebuchadnezzar", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - king of", "*Bāḇel*": "proper name - Babylon", "*lə*-*hakkôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/thing", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/declared", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/to enter/concerning the coming of", "*hakkôt*": "to strike/to smite/to attack" } } 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.14", "source": "הַגִּ֤ידוּ בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וְהַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ בְמִגְדּ֔וֹל וְהַשְׁמִ֥יעוּ בְנֹ֖ף וּבְתַחְפַּנְחֵ֑ס אִמְר֗וּ הִתְיַצֵּב֙ וְהָכֵ֣ן לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־אָכְלָ֥ה חֶ֖רֶב סְבִיבֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*Haggîdû* in-*Miṣrayim* *wə*-*hašmîʿû* in-*Migdôl*, *wə*-*hašmîʿû* in-*Nōp* and-in-*Taḥpanḥēs*; *ʾimrû*: '*hityaṣṣēḇ* *wə*-*hāḵēn* for-*lāḵ*, *kî*-*ʾāḵəlāh* *ḥereḇ* *səḇîḇeḵā*.'", "grammar": { "*haggîdû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - declare/tell", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name with preposition (בְּ) - in Egypt", "*wə*-*hašmîʿû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and proclaim", "*Migdôl*": "proper name with preposition (בְּ) - in Migdol", "*Nōp*": "proper name with preposition (בְּ) - in Noph/Memphis", "*Taḥpanḥēs*": "proper name with preposition (בְּ) - in Tahpanhes", "*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - say", "*hityaṣṣēḇ*": "hithpael imperative, masculine singular - take your stand", "*wə*-*hāḵēn*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular - and prepare", "*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāḵəlāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has devoured", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*səḇîḇeḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your surroundings" }, "variants": { "*haggîdû*": "declare/tell/announce", "*hašmîʿû*": "proclaim/announce/make heard", "*hityaṣṣēḇ*": "take your stand/station yourself/stand firm", "*hāḵēn*": "prepare/make ready/establish", "*ʾāḵəlāh*": "devoured/consumed/eaten", "*səḇîḇeḵā*": "your surroundings/around you/your neighbors" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.15", "source": "מַדּ֖וּעַ נִסְחַ֣ף אַבִּירֶ֑יךָ לֹ֣א עָמַ֔ד כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה הֲדָפֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Maddûaʿ* *nisḥap* *ʾabbîreḵā*? *Lōʾ* *ʿāmad*, *kî* *YHWH* *hădāpô*.", "grammar": { "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*nisḥap*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is swept away", "*ʾabbîreḵā*": "adjective, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mighty ones", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿāmad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he stood", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*hădāpô*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - drove him away" }, "variants": { "*nisḥap*": "is swept away/carried off/driven back", "*ʾabbîreḵā*": "your mighty ones/bulls/strong ones", "*ʿāmad*": "stood/remained/withstood", "*hădāpô*": "drove him away/thrust him down/pushed him" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.16", "source": "הִרְבָּ֖ה כּוֹשֵׁ֑ל גַּם־נָפַ֞ל אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ ק֣וּמָה ׀ וְנָשֻׁ֣בָה אֶל־עַמֵּ֗נוּ וְאֶל־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔נוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י חֶ֥רֶב הַיּוֹנָֽה׃", "text": "*Hirbāh* *kôšēl*, *gam*-*nāpal* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû*; *wayyōʾmərû*: '*qûmāh* *wə*-*nāšuḇāh* to-*ʿammēnû* and-to-*ʾereṣ* *môladtēnû* from-*pənê* *ḥereḇ* the-*yônāh*.'", "grammar": { "*hirbāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he multiplied", "*kôšēl*": "qal participle, masculine singular - stumbling/staggering", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*nāpal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "consecutive waw + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*qûmāh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular with paragogic heh - arise", "*wə*-*nāšuḇāh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st common plural cohortative - and let us return", "*ʿammēnû*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st common plural suffix - our people", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - land of", "*môladtēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st common plural suffix - our birth/native country", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*yônāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the oppressing" }, "variants": { "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/made many", "*kôšēl*": "stumbling/staggering/tottering", "*nāpal*": "fell/fell down/collapsed", "*qûmāh*": "arise/stand up/get up", "*nāšuḇāh*": "let us return/let us go back", "*môladtēnû*": "our birth/native country/homeland", "*yônāh*": "oppressing/dove (possibly a wordplay)/fierce" } } 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.17", "source": "קָרְא֖וּ שָׁ֑ם פַּרְעֹ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ שָׁא֔וֹן הֶעֱבִ֖יר הַמּוֹעֵֽד׃", "text": "*Qārəʾû* there: '*Parʿōh* *meleḵ*-*Miṣrayim* *šāʾôn* *heʿĕḇîr* the-*môʿēd*.'", "grammar": { "*qārəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they called", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*Parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - king of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*šāʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular - noise/tumult", "*heʿĕḇîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he let pass by", "*môʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the appointed time" }, "variants": { "*qārəʾû*": "they called/named/proclaimed", "*šāʾôn*": "noise/tumult/empty boaster", "*heʿĕḇîr*": "let pass by/missed/allowed to pass", "*môʿēd*": "appointed time/opportunity/right time" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.18", "source": "חַי־אָ֙נִי֙ נְאֻם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמ֑וֹ כִּ֚י כְּתָב֣וֹר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּכְכַרְמֶ֖ל בַּיָּ֥ם יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "*Ḥay*-*ʾānî*, *nəʾum*-the-*meleḵ*, *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* *šəmô*: *kî* like-*Tāḇôr* among-the-*hārîm*, and-like-*Karmel* in-the-*yām* he-*yāḇôʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living", "*ʾānî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - declaration of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that", "*Tāḇôr*": "proper name - Tabor", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article and preposition (בְּ) - among the mountains", "*Karmel*": "proper name - Carmel", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition (בְּ) - in the sea", "*yāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will come" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*": "living/alive/as I live", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*yāḇôʾ*": "will come/will arrive/will appear" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.19", "source": "כְּלֵ֤י גוֹלָה֙ עֲשִׂ֣י לָ֔ךְ יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־נֹף֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְנִצְּתָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*Kəlê* *gôlāh* *ʿăśî* for-*lāḵ*, *yôšeḇet* *bat*-*Miṣrāyim*; *kî*-*Nōp* for-*šammāh* *tihyeh*, *wə*-*niṣṣətāh* without *yôšēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - vessels of", "*gôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - exile", "*ʿăśî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - make/prepare", "*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*yôšeḇet*": "qal participle, feminine singular - inhabitant/dweller", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - daughter of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*Nōp*": "proper name - Noph/Memphis", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition (לְ) - for desolation", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be", "*wə*-*niṣṣətāh*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will be burned", "*mēʾên*": "compound preposition - without", "*yôšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant" }, "variants": { "*kəlê*": "vessels/articles/baggage", "*gôlāh*": "exile/captivity", "*ʿăśî*": "make/prepare/provide", "*yôšeḇet*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*niṣṣətāh*": "will be burned/destroyed/laid waste", "*yôšēḇ*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } } 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.20", "source": "עֶגְלָ֥ה יְפֵֽה־פִיָּ֖ה מִצְרָ֑יִם קֶ֥רֶץ מִצָּפ֖וֹן בָּ֥א בָֽא׃", "text": "*ʿEglāh* *yəpêh*-*piyyāh* *Miṣrāyim*; *qereṣ* from-*ṣāpôn* *bāʾ* *ḇāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿeglāh*": "noun, feminine singular - heifer", "*yəpêh*": "adjective, feminine singular, construct state - beautiful", "*piyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its appearance", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*qereṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - destruction", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (מִן) - from north", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is coming", "*ḇāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is coming (repetition for emphasis)" }, "variants": { "*ʿeglāh*": "heifer/young cow", "*yəpêh*-*piyyāh*": "beautiful of appearance/very beautiful", "*qereṣ*": "destruction/gadfly/stinging insect", "*bāʾ* *ḇāʾ*": "is surely coming/definitely coming (emphatic repetition)" } } 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.21", "source": "גַּם־שְׂכִרֶ֤יהָ בְקִרְבָּהּ֙ כְּעֶגְלֵ֣י מַרְבֵּ֔ק כִּֽי־גַם־הֵ֧מָּה הִפְנ֛וּ נָ֥סוּ יַחְדָּ֖יו לֹ֣א עָמָ֑דוּ כִּ֣י י֥וֹם אֵידָ֛ם בָּ֥א עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָֽם׃", "text": "*Gam*-*śəḵireyhā* in-*qirbāh* like-*ʿeglê* *marbēq*, *kî*-*gam*-*hēmmāh* *hipnû* *nāsû* *yaḥdāw* *lōʾ* *ʿāmādû*; *kî* *yôm* *ʾêdām* *bāʾ* upon-them, *ʿēt* *pəquddātām*.", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*śəḵireyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hired men", "*qirbāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix and preposition (בְּ) - in her midst", "*ʿeglê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - calves of", "*marbēq*": "noun, masculine singular - fattening/stall", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*hipnû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they turned", "*nāsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fled", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿāmādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they stood", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - day of", "*ʾêdām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their calamity", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - time of", "*pəquddātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their punishment" }, "variants": { "*śəḵireyhā*": "her hired men/mercenaries", "*qirbāh*": "her midst/among her", "*ʿeglê* *marbēq*": "fatted calves/calves from the stall", "*hipnû*": "they turned/turned back/turned away", "*nāsû*": "they fled/ran away/escaped", "*ʿāmādû*": "they stood/stood firm/withstood", "*ʾêdām*": "their calamity/disaster/doom", "*pəquddātām*": "their punishment/visitation/accounting" } } 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.22", "source": "קוֹלָ֖הּ כַּנָּחָ֣שׁ יֵלֵ֑ךְ כִּֽי־בְחַ֣יִל יֵלֵ֔כוּ וּבְקַרְדֻּמּוֹת֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔הּ כְּחֹטְבֵ֖י עֵצִֽים׃", "text": "*Qôlāh* like-the-*nāḥāš* *yēlēḵ*, *kî*-with-*ḥayil* *yēlēḵû* and-with-*qardummôt* *bāʾû* against-her, like-*ḥōṭəḇê* *ʿēṣîm*.", "grammar": { "*qôlāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her voice", "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition of comparison (כַּ) - like the serpent", "*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - goes/moves", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (בְּ) - with force/army", "*yēlēḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they go/march", "*qardummôt*": "noun, feminine plural with preposition (בְּ) - with axes", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have come", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against her", "*ḥōṭəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - cutters of", "*ʿēṣîm*": "noun, common plural - trees/wood" }, "variants": { "*qôlāh*": "her voice/sound", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake", "*yēlēḵ*": "goes/moves/advances", "*ḥayil*": "force/army/might", "*yēlēḵû*": "they go/march/advance", "*qardummôt*": "axes/hatchets", "*ḥōṭəḇê* *ʿēṣîm*": "wood cutters/lumberjacks" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.23", "source": "כָּרְת֤וּ יַעְרָהּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֖י לֹ֣א יֵֽחָקֵ֑ר כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ מֵֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*Kārətû* *yaʿrāh*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *kî* *lōʾ* *yēḥāqēr*; *kî* *rabbû* from-*ʾarbeh*, *wə*-*ʾên* for-them *mispār*.", "grammar": { "*kārətû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have cut down", "*yaʿrāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her forest", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/though", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yēḥāqēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is searched out/explored", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rabbû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are more numerous", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (מִן) - than locust", "*wə*-*ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number" }, "variants": { "*kārətû*": "they have cut down/chopped/felled", "*yaʿrāh*": "her forest/woodland", "*yēḥāqēr*": "is searched out/explored/investigated", "*rabbû*": "they are more numerous/are many/have multiplied", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper", "*mispār*": "number/count" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.24", "source": "הֹבִ֖ישָׁה בַּת־מִצְרָ֑יִם נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּיַ֥ד עַם־צָפֽוֹן׃", "text": "*Hōḇîšāh* *bat*-*Miṣrāyim*; *nittənāh* in-*yad* *ʿam*-*ṣāpôn*.", "grammar": { "*hōḇîšāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has been put to shame", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - daughter of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*nittənāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has been given", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (בְּ) - into hand of", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - people of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north" }, "variants": { "*hōḇîšāh*": "has been put to shame/disgraced/humiliated", "*nittənāh*": "has been given/delivered", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*ʿam*-*ṣāpôn*": "people of the north/northern nation" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.25", "source": "אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֤י פוֹקֵד֙ אֶל־אָמ֣וֹן מִנֹּ֔א וְעַל־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְעַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְעַל־אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ וְעַל־מְלָכֶ֑יהָ וְעַ֨ל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְעַ֥ל הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾĀmar* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*: 'Behold-me *pōqēd* against-*ʾĀmôn* from-*Nōʾ*, and-against-*Parʿōh*, and-against-*Miṣrayim*, and-against-*ʾĕlōheyhā*, and-against-*məlāḵeyhā*, and-against-*Parʿōh*, and-against the-*bōṭəḥîm* in-him.'", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - behold me", "*pōqēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - visiting/punishing", "*ʾĀmôn*": "proper name with preposition (אֶל) - against Amon", "*Nōʾ*": "proper name with preposition (מִן) - from No/Thebes", "*Parʿōh*": "proper name with preposition (עַל) - against Pharaoh", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name with preposition (עַל) - against Egypt", "*ʾĕlōheyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix and preposition (עַל) - against her gods", "*məlāḵeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix and preposition (עַל) - against her kings", "*Parʿōh*": "proper name with preposition (עַל) - against Pharaoh (repeated)", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with preposition (עַל) and definite article - against the ones trusting", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/declared/pronounced", "*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*pōqēd*": "visiting/punishing/bringing judgment upon", "*ʾĀmôn*": "Amon (god)/Amon (of No)", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "ones trusting/those who rely on/those who depend on" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.26", "source": "וּנְתַתִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֔ם וּבְיַ֛ד נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל וּבְיַד־עֲבָדָ֑יו וְאַחֲרֵי‪ כֵ֛ן תִּשְׁכֹּ֥ן כִּֽימֵי־קֶ֖דֶם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Û*-*nətattîm* in-*yad* *məḇaqšê* *napšām*, and-in-*yad* *Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar* *meleḵ*-*Bāḇel* and-in-*yad*-*ʿăḇādāyw*; and-after *ḵēn* *tiškōn* like-*yəmê*-*qedem*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*û*-*nətattîm*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I will give them", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (בְּ) - into hand of", "*məḇaqšê*": "piel participle, masculine plural, construct state - seekers of", "*napšām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (בְּ) - into hand of", "*Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar*": "proper name - Nebuchadnezzar", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - king of", "*Bāḇel*": "proper name - Babylon", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (בְּ) - into hand of", "*ʿăḇādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ḵēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*tiškōn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will dwell/be inhabited", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - days of", "*qedem*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient times", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*nətattîm*": "I will give them/deliver them", "*məḇaqšê* *napšām*": "seekers of their life/those who want to kill them", "*ʿăḇādāyw*": "his servants/officials/officers", "*tiškōn*": "she will dwell/be inhabited/be settled", "*yəmê*-*qedem*": "days of old/ancient times/former days" } } 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.27", "source": "וְ֠אַתָּה אַל־תִּירָ֞א עַבְדִּ֤י יַֽעֲקֹב֙ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֠י הִנְנִ֤י מוֹשִֽׁעֲךָ֙ מֵֽרָח֔וֹק וְאֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֖ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ שִׁבְיָ֑ם וְשָׁ֧ב יַעֲק֛וֹב וְשָׁקַ֥ט וְשַׁאֲנַ֖ן וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʾattāh* *ʾal*-*tîrāʾ* *ʿaḇdî* *Yaʿăqōḇ*, *wə*-*ʾal*-*tēḥat* *Yiśrāʾēl*; *kî* behold-me *môšîʿăḵā* from-*rāḥôq* *wə*-*ʾet*-*zarʿăḵā* from-*ʾereṣ* *šiḇyām*; *wə*-*šāḇ* *Yaʿăqōḇ* *wə*-*šāqaṭ* *wə*-*šaʾănan* *wə*-*ʾên* *maḥărîd*.", "grammar": { "*wə*-*ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - and you", "*ʾal*-*tîrāʾ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, jussive - do not fear", "*ʿaḇdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*Yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper name - Jacob", "*wə*-*ʾal*-*tēḥat*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, jussive - and do not be dismayed", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - behold me", "*môšîʿăḵā*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - saving you", "*rāḥôq*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (מִן) - from afar", "*zarʿăḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix and direct object marker (אֶת) - your offspring", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (מִן) - from land of", "*šiḇyām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their captivity", "*wə*-*šāḇ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will return", "*Yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper name - Jacob", "*wə*-*šāqaṭ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be quiet", "*wə*-*šaʾănan*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be at ease", "*wə*-*ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no", "*maḥărîd*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one causing terror" }, "variants": { "*tîrāʾ*": "fear/be afraid", "*tēḥat*": "be dismayed/be terrified/be shattered", "*môšîʿăḵā*": "saving you/delivering you/rescuing you", "*rāḥôq*": "afar/far away/distant place", "*šiḇyām*": "their captivity/their imprisonment", "*šāḇ*": "will return/come back", "*šāqaṭ*": "will be quiet/at rest/peaceful", "*šaʾănan*": "will be at ease/secure/tranquil", "*maḥărîd*": "one causing terror/frightening/disturbing" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.28", "source": "אַ֠תָּה אַל־תִּירָ֞א עַבְדִּ֤י יַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אִתְּךָ֖ אָ֑נִי כִּי֩ אֶעֱשֶׂ֨ה כָלָ֜ה בְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִדַּחְתִּ֣יךָ שָׁ֗מָּה וְאֹֽתְךָ֙ לֹא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה כָלָ֔ה וְיִסַּרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֥א אֲנַקֶּֽךָּ׃", "text": "*ʾAttāh* *ʾal*-*tîrāʾ* *ʿaḇdî* *Yaʿăqōḇ*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *kî* with-*ʾittəḵā* *ʾānî*; *kî* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh* among-all-the-*gôyim* which *hiddaḥtîḵā* there, *wə*-*ʾōtəḵā* *lōʾ*-*ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh*; *wə*-*yissartîḵā* for-the-*mišpāṭ*, *wə*-*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *ʾănaqqekkā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*ʾal*-*tîrāʾ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, jussive - do not fear", "*ʿaḇdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*Yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper name - Jacob", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾittəḵā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ʾānî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make", "*kālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - end/complete destruction", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/where", "*hiddaḥtîḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have driven you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*wə*-*ʾōtəḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - but you", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make", "*kālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - end/complete destruction", "*wə*-*yissartîḵā*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will discipline you", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (לְ) and definite article - with/for judgment", "*wə*-*naqqēh*": "conjunction + piel infinitive absolute - and absolving", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾănaqqekkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will clear you" }, "variants": { "*tîrāʾ*": "fear/be afraid", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh*": "I will make an end/completely destroy", "*hiddaḥtîḵā*": "I have driven you/scattered you/banished you", "*yissartîḵā*": "I will discipline you/chastise you/correct you", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/what is right", "*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *ʾănaqqekkā*": "I will not leave you entirely unpunished/I will surely not leave you unpunished" } }
• Zeph 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.8", "source": "לָכֵ֤ן חַכּוּ־לִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה לְי֖וֹם קוּמִ֣י לְעַ֑ד כִּ֣י מִשְׁפָּטִי֩ לֶאֱסֹ֨ף גּוֹיִ֜ם לְקָבְצִ֣י מַמְלָכ֗וֹת לִשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם זַעְמִי֙ כֹּ֚ל חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔י כִּ֚י בְּאֵ֣שׁ קִנְאָתִ֔י תֵּאָכֵ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "Therefore *ḥakkû*-*lî* *neʾum*-*YHWH* to *yôm* *qûmî* to *ʿad*; because *mišpāṭî* to *ʾĕsōp* *gôyim* to *qābeṣî* *mamlākôt* to *šĕppōk* upon *ʿălêhem* *zaʿmî* all *ḥărôn* *ʾappî*; because in *ʾēš* *qinʾātî* *tēʾākēl* all-*hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ḥakkû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - wait for", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - for me", "*neʾum*": "construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*qûmî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my rising", "*ʿad*": "noun - plunder/prey/witness", "*mišpāṭî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my judgment", "*ʾĕsōp*": "qal infinitive construct - to gather", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*qābeṣî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my assembling", "*mamlākôt*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms", "*šĕppōk*": "qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*zaʿmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my indignation", "*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular construct - heat/burning of", "*ʾappî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my anger/nose", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*qinʾātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my jealousy/zeal", "*tēʾākēl*": "niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be consumed/devoured", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ḥakkû*": "wait for/expect", "*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*qûmî*": "my rising/standing up", "*ʿad*": "plunder/prey/witness/testimony", "*mišpāṭî*": "my judgment/justice/decision", "*ʾĕsōp*": "to gather/assemble/collect", "*qābeṣî*": "my assembling/gathering", "*mamlākôt*": "kingdoms/realms", "*šĕppōk*": "to pour out/spill", "*zaʿmî*": "my indignation/wrath/fury", "*ḥărôn*": "heat/burning/fierceness", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/nose/face", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qinʾātî*": "my jealousy/zeal/ardor", "*tēʾākēl*": "will be consumed/devoured/eaten", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/ground" } }
• John 16:3 : 3 { "verseID": "John.16.3", "source": "Καὶ ταῦτα ποιήσουσιν ὑμῖν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὸν Πατέρα, οὐδὲ ἐμέ.", "text": "And *tauta poiēsousin* to you, because not *egnōsan* the *Patera*, neither me.", "grammar": { "Καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*tauta*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - these things", "*poiēsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - they will do", "ὑμῖν": "personal pronoun, dative, plural - to you", "ὅτι": "conjunction - because", "οὐκ": "negative particle - not", "*egnōsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they knew/have known", "τὸν": "definite article, accusative, masculine, singular - the", "*Patera*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - Father", "οὐδὲ": "negative conjunction - neither/nor", "ἐμέ": "personal pronoun, accusative, singular - me" }, "variants": { "*tauta*": "these things/these acts", "*poiēsousin*": "they will do/they will perform", "*egnōsan*": "they knew/they have known/they recognized" } }
• John 17:25 : 25 { "verseID": "John.17.25", "source": "Πάτερ δίκαιε, καὶ ὁ κόσμος σε οὐκ ἔγνω: ἐγὼ δέ σε ἔγνων, καὶ οὗτοι ἔγνωσαν ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας.", "text": "*Pater* *dikaie*, and the *kosmos* you not *egnō*: *egō* *de* you *egnōn*, and these *egnōsan* that you me *apesteilas*.", "grammar": { "*Pater*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Father", "*dikaie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - righteous", "*kosmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - world", "*egnō*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - knew", "*egō*": "nominative, singular, personal pronoun - I", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*egnōn*": "aorist, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I knew", "*egnōsan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they knew", "*apesteilas*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you sent" }, "variants": { "*Pater dikaie*": "Righteous Father", "*kosmos*": "world/universe/ordered system", "*egnō*": "knew/recognized/understood", "*egō*": "I/myself", "*de*": "but/and/moreover", "*egnōn*": "knew/recognized/understood", "*egnōsan*": "knew/recognized/understood", "*apesteilas*": "sent/commissioned/dispatched" } }
• Acts 17:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Acts.17.23", "source": "Διερχόμενος γὰρ, καὶ ἀναθεωρῶν τὰ σεβάσματα ὑμῶν, εὗρον καὶ βωμὸν ἐν ᾧ ἐπεγέγραπτο, Ἀγνώστῳ Θεῷ. Ὃν οὖν ἀγνοοῦντες εὐσεβεῖτε, τοῦτον ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν.", "text": "*Dierchomenos* *gar*, and *anatheōrōn* the *sebasmata* of you, I *heuron* also *bōmon* on which *epegegrapto*, To Unknown *Theō*. Whom therefore *agnoountes* you *eusebeite*, this one *egō* *katangellō* to you.", "grammar": { "*Dierchomenos*": "present middle participle, nominative singular masculine - passing through", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*anatheōrōn*": "present active participle, nominative singular masculine - observing carefully", "*sebasmata*": "accusative plural neuter - objects of worship", "*heuron*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I found", "*bōmon*": "accusative singular masculine - altar", "*epegegrapto*": "pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - had been inscribed", "*Theō*": "dative singular masculine - to God", "*agnoountes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - not knowing", "*eusebeite*": "present active indicative, 2nd person plural - you worship", "*egō*": "personal pronoun, nominative singular - I", "*katangellō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I proclaim/announce" }, "variants": { "*Dierchomenos*": "passing through/going around/traversing", "*anatheōrōn*": "observing carefully/examining closely/looking at attentively", "*sebasmata*": "objects of worship/shrines/sacred things", "*bōmon*": "altar/raised platform", "*epegegrapto*": "had been inscribed/had been written upon", "*agnoountes*": "not knowing/being ignorant of", "*eusebeite*": "worship/revere/venerate", "*katangellō*": "proclaim/announce/declare" } }
• Rom 1:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Romans.1.28", "source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·", "text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate", "*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind", "*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things" }, "variants": { "*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested", "*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things" } }
• Rom 10:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Romans.10.12", "source": "Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν διαστολὴ Ἰουδαίου τε καὶ Ἕλληνος: ὁ γὰρ αὐτὸς Κύριος πάντων πλουτῶν εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν.", "text": "*Ou gar estin diastolē Ioudaiou te kai Hellēnos*: *ho gar autos Kyrios pantōn ploutōn eis pantas tous epikaloumenous auton*.", "grammar": { "*Ou*": "negative particle - not", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*diastolē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - distinction/difference", "*Ioudaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Jew", "*te kai*": "correlative conjunction - both and", "*Hellēnos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Greek", "*ho gar autos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - for the same", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*pantōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of all", "*ploutōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being rich", "*eis pantas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - to all", "*tous epikaloumenous*": "present participle, accusative, masculine, plural - the ones calling upon", "*auton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - him" }, "variants": { "*diastolē*": "distinction/difference/separation", "*te kai*": "both and/and also", "*ploutōn*": "being rich/abounding/generous", "*epikaloumenous*": "calling upon/invoking/appealing to" } } 13 { "verseID": "Romans.10.13", "source": "Πᾶς γὰρ ὃς ἂν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου σωθήσεται.", "text": "*Pas gar hos an epikalesētai to onoma Kyriou sōthēsetai*.", "grammar": { "*Pas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - everyone", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*hos an*": "relative pronoun with indefinite particle - whoever", "*epikalesētai*": "aorist subjunctive, middle, 3rd singular - calls upon", "*to onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the name", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Lord", "*sōthēsetai*": "future passive, 3rd singular - will be saved" }, "variants": { "*hos an*": "whoever/anyone who", "*epikalesētai*": "calls upon/invokes/appeals to", "*onoma*": "name/title/person", "*sōthēsetai*": "will be saved/delivered/rescued" } } 14 { "verseID": "Romans.10.14", "source": "Πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσονται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν; πῶς δὲ πιστεύσουσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; πῶς δὲ ἀκούσουσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος;", "text": "*Pōs oun epikalesontai eis hon ouk episteusan*? *pōs de pisteusousin hou ouk ēkousan*? *pōs de akousousin chōris kēryssontos*?", "grammar": { "*Pōs*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*epikalesontai*": "future indicative, middle, 3rd plural - they will call upon", "*eis hon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - on whom", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*episteusan*": "aorist indicative, active, 3rd plural - they believed", "*pōs de*": "interrogative adverb + postpositive conjunction - and how", "*pisteusousin*": "future indicative, active, 3rd plural - they will believe", "*hou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of whom", "*ēkousan*": "aorist indicative, active, 3rd plural - they heard", "*akousousin*": "future indicative, active, 3rd plural - they will hear", "*chōris*": "preposition + genitive - without", "*kēryssontos*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, singular - of one preaching" }, "variants": { "*epikalesontai*": "they will call upon/invoke/appeal to", "*episteusan*": "they believed/trusted/had faith", "*ēkousan*": "they heard/listened to", "*chōris*": "without/apart from/separated from", "*kēryssontos*": "one preaching/proclaiming/heralding" } }
• 1 Cor 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.1.2", "source": "Τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ οὔσῃ ἐν Κορίνθῳ, ἡγιασμένοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, κλητοῖς ἁγίοις, σὺν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ, αὐτῶν τε καὶ ἡμῶν:", "text": "To the *ekklēsia* of *Theou* the *ousē* in *Korinthō*, to *hēgiasmenois* in *Christō Iēsou*, *klētois hagiois*, with all the *epikaloumenois* the *onoma* of the *Kyriou* of us *Iēsou Christou* in every *topō*, of them both and of us:", "grammar": { "*ekklēsia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - assembly/church", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*ousē*": "participle, present, active, dative, feminine, singular - being/existing", "*Korinthō*": "dative, masculine, singular - in Corinth", "*hēgiasmenois*": "participle, perfect, passive, dative, masculine, plural - having been sanctified", "*Christō Iēsou*": "dative, masculine, singular - in Christ Jesus", "*klētois*": "adjective, dative, masculine, plural - called/appointed", "*hagiois*": "adjective, dative, masculine, plural - holy ones/saints", "*epikaloumenois*": "participle, present, middle, dative, masculine, plural - calling upon", "*onoma*": "noun, accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*Kyriou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of Lord", "*Iēsou Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Jesus Christ", "*topō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - place/location" }, "variants": { "*ekklēsia*": "assembly/church/congregation", "*ousē*": "being/existing", "*hēgiasmenois*": "sanctified/consecrated/made holy", "*klētois*": "called/appointed/invited", "*hagiois*": "holy ones/saints/consecrated ones", "*epikaloumenois*": "calling upon/invoking/appealing to" } }
• Ps 9:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.9.16", "source": "טָבְע֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם בְּשַׁ֣חַת עָשׂ֑וּ בְּרֶֽשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֝מָ֗נוּ נִלְכְּדָ֥ה רַגְלָֽם׃", "text": "*Ṭāba'* *gôyim* in *šaḥat* they *'āśâ*; in *rešet* this which they *ṭāman*, *lākad* their *regel*", "grammar": { "*ṭāba'*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they have sunk'", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - 'nations'", "*šaḥat*": "feminine singular noun - 'pit'", "*'āśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they made'", "*rešet*": "feminine singular noun - 'net'", "*ṭāman*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they hid'", "*lākad*": "niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - 'it is caught'", "*regel*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their foot'" }, "variants": { "*ṭāba'*": "sink down/sink in/be stuck", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*šaḥat*": "pit/trap/grave/destruction", "*'āśâ*": "make/do/prepare/accomplish", "*rešet*": "net/snare/trap", "*ṭāman*": "hide/conceal/bury", "*lākad*": "caught/captured/trapped", "*regel*": "foot/leg/step" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.9.17", "source": "נ֤וֹדַ֨ע ׀ יְהוָה֮ מִשְׁפָּ֢ט עָ֫שָׂ֥ה בְּפֹ֣עַל כַּ֭פָּיו נוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֑ע הִגָּי֥וֹן סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*Yāda'* *YHWH*, *mišpāṭ* he has *'āśâ*; in the *pō'al* of his *kap* is *nāqaš* the *rāšā'*. *Higgāyôn* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*yāda'*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he is known/has made himself known'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - 'judgment'", "*'āśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he has executed/done'", "*pō'al*": "masculine singular construct - 'work of'", "*kap*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his hands'", "*nāqaš*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'is snared/trapped'", "*rāšā'*": "masculine singular adjective as substantive - 'the wicked'", "*higgāyôn*": "masculine singular noun - 'meditation/resounding music'", "*selâ*": "musical or liturgical notation - 'selah'" }, "variants": { "*yāda'*": "is known/has made himself known/has revealed himself", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision", "*'āśâ*": "executed/performed/accomplished", "*pō'al*": "work/deed/action", "*kap*": "palm/hand/power", "*nāqaš*": "snared/trapped/ensnared", "*rāšā'*": "wicked person/evildoer/criminal", "*higgāyôn*": "meditation/resounding music/solemn sound", "*selâ*": "musical notation possibly indicating pause/interlude/crescendo" } }