1 Samuel 20:30

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Saul’s anger flared up at Jonathan, and he said to him, 'You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Don’t I know that you have sided with the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?'

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף שָׁאוּל֙ בִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ בֶּֽן־נַעֲוַ֖ת הַמַּרְדּ֑וּת הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־בֹחֵ֤ר אַתָּה֙ לְבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י לְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּלְבֹ֖שֶׁת עֶרְוַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃

Transliteration

And wayyiḥar-ʾap̄ Šāʾûl in Yəhônātān, and wayyōʾmer to him, son of naʿăwat the hammardût; have not yādaʿtî that bōḥēr you to ben-Yišay, to your bāštəkā and to bōšet ʿerwat ʾimmekā?

Grammar Details

• *wayyiḥar*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned/kindled
• *ʾap̄*: noun, masculine singular construct - anger/nose of
• *Šāʾûl*: proper noun - Saul
• *Yəhônātān*: proper noun with preposition - in/against Jonathan
• *wayyōʾmer*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said
• *naʿăwat*: noun, feminine singular construct - perversity/rebellion of
• *hammardût*: definite article + noun, feminine singular - the rebellion/disobedience
• *yādaʿtî*: qal perfect 1cs - I know/knew
• *bōḥēr*: qal participle masculine singular - choosing/siding with
• *ben*: noun, masculine singular construct - son of
• *Yišay*: proper noun - Jesse
• *bāštəkā*: noun + 2ms suffix - your shame
• *bōšet*: noun, feminine singular construct - shame of
• *ʿerwat*: noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of
• *ʾimmekā*: noun + 2ms suffix - your mother

Word Meanings

• *wayyiḥar-ʾap̄*: his anger was kindled/burned hot/became enraged
• *naʿăwat hammardût*: perverse rebelliousness/rebellious perversity/wayward rebellion
• *bōḥēr*: choosing/siding with/preferring
• *bāštəkā*: your shame/disgrace/dishonor
• *ʿerwat ʾimmekā*: your mother's nakedness/genitals/shame (idiom for maternal dishonor)

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, You son of a perverse rebellious woman, do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own confusion, and to the confusion of your mother's nakedness?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of a perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own shame, and unto the shame of thy mother's nakedness?

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then was the kynge wroth at Ionathas, and sayde vnto him: Thou wicked and vnthrifte, I knowe how that thou hast chosen the sonne of Isai, to the shame of thy selfe and of yi shamefull mother.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then was Saul angrie with Ionathan, and sayde vnto him, Thou sonne of the wicked rebellious woman, doe not I know, that thou hast chosen the sonne of Ishai to thy confusion, and to the confusion and shame of thy mother?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Then was Saul angry with Ionathan, and sayd vnto him: Thou sonne of the wicked rebellious woman, do not I knowe that thou hast chosen the sonne of Isai vnto thyne owne rebuke, and vnto the rebuke and shame of thy mother?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious [woman], do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don't I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the anger of Saul burneth against Jonathan, and he saith to him, `Son of a perverse rebellious woman! have I not known that thou art fixing on the son of Jesse to thy shame, and to the shame of the nakedness of thy mother?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of a perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own shame, and unto the shame of thy mother's nakedness?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of a perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own shame, and unto the shame of thy mother's nakedness?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Then Saul was moved to wrath against Jonathan, and he said to him, You son of an evil and uncontrolled woman, have I not seen how you have given your love to the son of Jesse, to your shame and the shame of your mother?

• World English Bible (2000)

  Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, "You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don't I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother's nakedness?

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Saul became angry with Jonathan and said to him,“You stupid traitor! Don’t I realize that to your own disgrace and to the disgrace of your mother’s nakedness you have chosen this son of Jesse?

Referenced Verses

• Prov 21:24 : 24 The proud and arrogant person, named 'Scoffer,' acts with excessive pride.
• Jas 1:19-20 : 19 My beloved brothers and sisters, let every person be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger. 20 For human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires.
• Prov 25:28 : 28 Like a city whose walls are broken through is a person who lacks self-control.
• Prov 27:3 : 3 A stone is heavy and sand is a burden, but a fool’s provocation is heavier than both.
• Matt 5:22 : 22 But I say to you, everyone who is angry with their brother without cause will be subject to judgment. Whoever says to their brother, ‘Raka!’ will be answerable to the council, and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.
• Eph 4:31 : 31 Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, shouting, and slander be removed from you, along with all malice.
• Eph 6:4 : 4 Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.
• Job 5:2 : 2 For anger kills the fool, and jealousy slays the simple.
• Prov 14:29 : 29 Whoever is patient shows great understanding, but a quick-tempered person promotes folly.
• Prov 15:2 : 2 The tongue of the wise adorns knowledge, but the mouth of fools gushes folly.
• Prov 19:12 : 12 A king’s rage is like the roar of a lion, but his favor is like dew on the grass.
• Prov 19:19 : 19 A person with great anger must bear the penalty; if you rescue them, you will have to do it again.