Isa 40:12-17 : 12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.40.12",
"source": "מִֽי־מָדַ֨ד בְּשָׁעֳל֜וֹ מַ֗יִם וְשָׁמַ֙יִם֙ בַּזֶּ֣רֶת תִּכֵּ֔ן וְכָ֥ל בַּשָּׁלִ֖שׁ עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָׁקַ֤ל בַּפֶּ֙לֶס֙ הָרִ֔ים וּגְבָע֖וֹת בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם׃",
"text": "*mî-mādad běšāʿŏlô mayim wěšāmayim bazzeret tikkēn wěkāl baššāliš ʿăpar hāʾāreṣ wěšāqal bappeles hārîm ûgěbāʿôt běmōʾzěnāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - 'who'",
"*mādad*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'has measured'",
"*běšāʿŏlô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'with his hollow hand'",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - 'waters'",
"*wěšāmayim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - 'and heavens'",
"*bazzeret*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'with the span'",
"*tikkēn*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'has measured'",
"*wěkāl*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and has calculated'",
"*baššāliš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'with the measure'",
"*ʿăpar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'dust of'",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the earth'",
"*wěšāqal*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and has weighed'",
"*bappeles*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the scale'",
"*hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - 'the mountains'",
"*ûgěbāʿôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - 'and hills'",
"*běmōʾzěnāyim*": "preposition + noun, masculine dual - 'in a balance'"
},
"variants": {
"*šāʿŏlô*": "hollow of his hand/palm of his hand",
"*zeret*": "span [measurement between thumb and little finger]",
"*tikkēn*": "measured/marked off",
"*kāl*": "calculated/measured/contained",
"*šāliš*": "measure/third part [a measuring container]",
"*šāqal*": "weighed/measured",
"*peles*": "scale/balance",
"*mōʾzěnāyim*": "scales/balances"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.40.13",
"source": "מִֽי־תִכֵּ֥ן אֶת־ר֖וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְאִ֥ישׁ עֲצָת֖וֹ יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "*mî-tikkēn ʾet-rûaḥ YHWH wěʾîš ʿăṣātô yôdîʿennû*",
"grammar": {
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - 'who'",
"*tikkēn*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'has measured/directed'",
"*ʾet-rûaḥ*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - 'the Spirit of'",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'",
"*wěʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and man of'",
"*ʿăṣātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his counsel'",
"*yôdîʿennû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'makes him know'"
},
"variants": {
"*tikkēn*": "measured/directed/comprehended/fathomed",
"*rûaḥ*": "Spirit/mind/breath",
"*ʾîš ʿăṣātô*": "man of his counsel/his counselor",
"*yôdîʿennû*": "makes him know/instructs him/teaches him"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.40.14",
"source": "אֶת־מִ֤י נוֹעָץ֙ וַיְבִינֵ֔הוּ וַֽיְלַמְּדֵ֖הוּ בְּאֹ֣רַח מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וַיְלַמְּדֵ֣הוּ דַ֔עַת וְדֶ֥רֶךְ תְּבוּנ֖וֹת יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "*ʾet-mî nôʿāṣ wayěbînēhû wayělammědēhû běʾōraḥ mišpāṭ wayělammědēhû daʿat wěderek těbûnôt yôdîʿennû*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet-mî*": "direct object marker + interrogative pronoun - 'with whom'",
"*nôʿāṣ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'did he consult'",
"*wayěbînēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and he gave him understanding'",
"*wayělammědēhû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and taught him'",
"*běʾōraḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'in path of'",
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'justice'",
"*wayělammědēhû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and taught him'",
"*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - 'knowledge'",
"*wěderek*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and way of'",
"*těbûnôt*": "noun, feminine plural - 'understanding'",
"*yôdîʿennû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'made him know'"
},
"variants": {
"*nôʿāṣ*": "consulted/took counsel",
"*wayěbînēhû*": "gave him understanding/instructed him",
"*ʾōraḥ mišpāṭ*": "path of justice/way of judgment",
"*daʿat*": "knowledge/insight",
"*derek těbûnôt*": "way of understanding/path of discernment"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.40.15",
"source": "הֵ֤ן גּוֹיִם֙ כְּמַ֣ר מִדְּלִ֔י וּכְשַׁ֥חַק מֹאזְנַ֖יִם נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ הֵ֥ן אִיִּ֖ים כַּדַּ֥ק יִטּֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*hēn gôyim kěmar middělî ûkěšaḥaq mōʾzěnayim neḥšābû hēn ʾiyyîm kaddaq yiṭṭôl*",
"grammar": {
"*hēn*": "interjection - 'behold'",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - 'nations'",
"*kěmar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'like a drop'",
"*middělî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from bucket'",
"*ûkěšaḥaq*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and like dust of'",
"*mōʾzěnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - 'scales'",
"*neḥšābû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - 'they are counted'",
"*hēn*": "interjection - 'behold'",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'islands/coastlands'",
"*kaddaq*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'like the fine dust'",
"*yiṭṭôl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he lifts up'"
},
"variants": {
"*mar*": "drop/droplet",
"*middělî*": "from a bucket/from a pail",
"*šaḥaq*": "dust/fine dust",
"*neḥšābû*": "are counted/are regarded/are considered",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "islands/coastlands",
"*daq*": "fine dust/fine powder",
"*yiṭṭôl*": "lifts up/takes up"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.40.16",
"source": "וּלְבָנ֕וֹן אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י בָּעֵ֑ר וְחַיָת֔וֹ אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י עוֹלָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "*ûlěbānôn ʾên dêy bāʿēr wěḥayyātô ʾên dêy ʿôlāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ûlěbānôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - 'and Lebanon'",
"*ʾên*": "negative particle - 'is not'",
"*dêy*": "noun, masculine singular - 'sufficient'",
"*bāʿēr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - 'for burning'",
"*wěḥayyātô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'and its animals'",
"*ʾên*": "negative particle - 'are not'",
"*dêy*": "noun, masculine singular - 'sufficient'",
"*ʿôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'burnt offering'"
},
"variants": {
"*lěbānôn*": "Lebanon [referring to its forests]",
"*ʾên dêy*": "is not sufficient/is not enough",
"*bāʿēr*": "for burning/for fire",
"*ḥayyātô*": "its animals/its beasts",
"*ʿôlāh*": "burnt offering/sacrifice"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.40.17",
"source": "כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם כְּאַ֣יִן נֶגְדּ֑וֹ מֵאֶ֥פֶס וָתֹ֖הוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ־לֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*kol-haggôyim kěʾayin negdô mēʾepes wātōhû neḥšěbû-lô*",
"grammar": {
"*kol-haggôyim*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, masculine plural - 'all the nations'",
"*kěʾayin*": "preposition + noun - 'as nothing'",
"*negdô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'before him'",
"*mēʾepes*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'as less than nothing'",
"*wātōhû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - 'and emptiness'",
"*neḥšěbû-lô*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'they are counted to him'"
},
"variants": {
"*kěʾayin*": "as nothing/as naught",
"*negdô*": "before him/in his sight",
"*ʾepes*": "nothing/zero/nonexistence",
"*tōhû*": "emptiness/void/waste",
"*neḥšěbû-lô*": "are counted to him/are regarded by him"
}
}