Joel 1:10-18 : 10 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.10",
"source": "שֻׁדַּ֣ד שָׂדֶ֔ה אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה כִּ֚י שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן הוֹבִ֥ישׁ תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלַ֥ל יִצְהָֽר׃",
"text": "*Šuddaḏ* *śāḏeh* *ʾāḇlāh* *ʾăḏāmāh* *kî* *šuddaḏ* *dāgān* *hôḇîš* *tîrôš* *ʾumlal* *yiṣhār*",
"grammar": {
"*Šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is devastated",
"*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*ʾāḇlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns",
"*ʾăḏāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - ground, land",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is devastated",
"*dāgān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain, corn",
"*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up",
"*tîrôš*": "noun, masculine singular - new wine, must",
"*ʾumlal*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is withered",
"*yiṣhār*": "noun, masculine singular - fresh oil, olive oil"
},
"variants": {
"*Šuddaḏ*": "is devastated/ravaged/destroyed",
"*śāḏeh*": "field/country/land",
"*ʾāḇlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves",
"*ʾăḏāmāh*": "ground/land/soil",
"*šuddaḏ*": "is devastated/ruined/destroyed",
"*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat",
"*hôḇîš*": "is dried up/withered/failed",
"*tîrôš*": "new wine/must/fresh grape juice",
"*ʾumlal*": "is withered/languishes/droops",
"*yiṣhār*": "fresh oil/olive oil"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.11",
"source": "הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל־חִטָּ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה׃",
"text": "*Hôḇîšû* *ʾikkārîm* *hêlîlû* *kōrəmîm* *ʿal*-*ḥiṭṭāh* *wə*-*ʿal*-*śəʿōrāh* *kî* *ʾāḇaḏ* *qəṣîr* *śāḏeh*",
"grammar": {
"*Hôḇîšû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - be ashamed",
"*ʾikkārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - farmers, plowmen",
"*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl",
"*kōrəmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vinedressers",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - for, concerning",
"*ḥiṭṭāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wheat",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - for, concerning",
"*śəʿōrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - barley",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾāḇaḏ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has perished",
"*qəṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of",
"*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field"
},
"variants": {
"*Hôḇîšû*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded",
"*ʾikkārîm*": "farmers/plowmen/tillers",
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*kōrəmîm*": "vinedressers/vine keepers",
"*ḥiṭṭāh*": "wheat/grain",
"*śəʿōrāh*": "barley",
"*ʾāḇaḏ*": "has perished/is destroyed/is lost",
"*qəṣîr*": "harvest/crop"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.12",
"source": "הַגֶּ֣פֶן הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה וְהַתְּאֵנָ֖ה אֻמְלָ֑לָה רִמּ֞וֹן גַּם־תָּמָ֣ר וְתַפּ֗וּחַ כָּל־עֲצֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ יָבֵ֔שׁוּ כִּֽי־הֹבִ֥ישׁ שָׂשׂ֖וֹן מִן־בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃",
"text": "*Haggep̄en* *hôḇîšāh* *wə*-*hattəʾēnāh* *ʾumlālāh* *rimmôn* *gam*-*tāmār* *wə*-*ṯappûaḥ* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh* *yāḇēšû* *kî*-*hôḇîš* *śāśôn* *min*-*bənê* *ʾāḏām*",
"grammar": {
"*Haggep̄en*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the vine",
"*hôḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is dried up",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*hattəʾēnāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fig tree",
"*ʾumlālāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is withered",
"*rimmôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pomegranate",
"*gam*": "adverb - also",
"*tāmār*": "noun, masculine singular - date palm",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ṯappûaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - apple tree",
"*kāl*": "construct state - all of",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field",
"*yāḇēšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are dried up",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up",
"*śāśôn*": "noun, masculine singular - joy, gladness",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind, humanity"
},
"variants": {
"*hôḇîšāh*": "is dried up/withered/failed",
"*ʾumlālāh*": "is withered/languishes/droops",
"*rimmôn*": "pomegranate tree/pomegranate",
"*tāmār*": "date palm/palm tree",
"*ṯappûaḥ*": "apple tree/apricot tree",
"*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of",
"*yāḇēšû*": "are dried up/withered/parched",
"*śāśôn*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing",
"*bənê ʾāḏām*": "sons of mankind/human beings/people"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.13",
"source": "חִגְר֨וּ וְסִפְד֜וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י מִזְבֵּ֔חַ בֹּ֚אוּ לִ֣ינוּ בַשַּׂקִּ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י אֱלֹהָ֑י כִּ֥י נִמְנַ֛ע מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִנְחָ֥ה וָנָֽסֶךְ׃",
"text": "*Ḥigrû* *wə*-*sip̄ḏû* *hakkōhănîm* *hêlîlû* *məšārəṯê* *mizbêaḥ* *bōʾû* *lînû* *baśśaqqîm* *məšārəṯê* *ʾĕlōhāy* *kî* *nimnaʿ* *mibbêṯ* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* *minḥāh* *wā*-*nāseḵ*",
"grammar": {
"*Ḥigrû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - gird yourselves",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*sip̄ḏû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - mourn, lament",
"*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests",
"*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl",
"*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of",
"*mizbêaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - altar",
"*bōʾû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - come",
"*lînû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - spend the night",
"*baśśaqqîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the sackcloth",
"*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of",
"*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my God",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*nimnaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is withheld",
"*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of",
"*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grain offering",
"*wā*": "conjunction - and",
"*nāseḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - drink offering"
},
"variants": {
"*Ḥigrû*": "gird yourselves/clothe yourselves/put on",
"*sip̄ḏû*": "mourn/lament/wail",
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*məšārəṯê*": "ministers of/servants of/attendants of",
"*mizbêaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice",
"*bōʾû*": "come/enter/go",
"*lînû*": "spend the night/lodge/remain overnight",
"*baśśaqqîm*": "in sackcloth/in mourning garments",
"*nimnaʿ*": "is withheld/is kept back/is withdrawn",
"*minḥāh*": "grain offering/meal offering/tribute",
"*nāseḵ*": "drink offering/libation"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.14",
"source": "קַדְּשׁוּ־צוֹם֙ קִרְא֣וּ עֲצָרָ֔ה אִסְפ֣וּ זְקֵנִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְזַעֲק֖וּ אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*Qaddəšû*-*ṣôm* *qirʾû* *ʿăṣārāh* *ʾisp̄û* *zəqēnîm* *kōl* *yōšəḇê* *hāʾāreṣ* *bêṯ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* *wə*-*zaʿăqû* *ʾel*-*YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*Qaddəšû*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate, sanctify",
"*ṣôm*": "noun, masculine singular - fast",
"*qirʾû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - call, proclaim",
"*ʿăṣārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - solemn assembly",
"*ʾisp̄û*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - gather",
"*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - elders",
"*kōl*": "construct state - all of",
"*yōšəḇê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of, dwellers of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*zaʿăqû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - cry out",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to, unto",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*Qaddəšû*": "consecrate/sanctify/set apart",
"*ṣôm*": "fast/abstention from food",
"*qirʾû*": "call/proclaim/announce",
"*ʿăṣārāh*": "solemn assembly/sacred gathering",
"*ʾisp̄û*": "gather/assemble/collect",
"*yōšəḇê*": "inhabitants of/dwellers of/residents of",
"*zaʿăqû*": "cry out/call loudly/shriek"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.15",
"source": "אֲהָ֖הּ לַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה וּכְשֹׁ֖ד מִשַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃",
"text": "*ʾĂhāh* *layyôm* *kî* *qārôḇ* *yôm* *YHWH* *û*-*ḵəšōḏ* *miššadday* *yāḇôʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾĂhāh*": "interjection - alas, ah",
"*layyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the day",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*ḵəšōḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like destruction",
"*miššadday*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the Almighty",
"*yāḇôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĂhāh*": "alas/woe/ah",
"*qārôḇ*": "near/imminent/at hand",
"*šōḏ*": "destruction/devastation/ruin",
"*šadday*": "Almighty/the powerful One",
"*yāḇôʾ*": "it will come/it will arrive"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.16",
"source": "הֲל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖ינוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִבֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִֽיל׃",
"text": "*Hălôʾ* *negeḏ* *ʿênênû* *ʾōḵel* *niḵrāṯ* *mibbêṯ* *ʾĕlōhênû* *śimḥāh* *wā*-*gîl*",
"grammar": {
"*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not",
"*negeḏ*": "preposition - before",
"*ʿênênû*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our eyes",
"*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food",
"*niḵrāṯ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off",
"*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our God",
"*śimḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - joy",
"*wā*": "conjunction - and",
"*gîl*": "noun, masculine singular - gladness"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment/meal",
"*niḵrāṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld",
"*śimḥāh*": "joy/happiness/pleasure",
"*gîl*": "gladness/rejoicing/exultation"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.17",
"source": "עָבְשׁ֣וּ פְרֻד֗וֹת תַּ֚חַת מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ אֹֽצָר֔וֹת נֶהֶרְס֖וּ מַמְּגֻר֑וֹת כִּ֥י הֹבִ֖ישׁ דָּגָֽן׃",
"text": "*ʿāḇšû* *p̄əruḏôṯ* *taḥaṯ* *meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem* *nāšammû* *ʾōṣārôṯ* *nehersû* *mamməḡurôṯ* *kî* *hôḇîš* *dāḡān*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāḇšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they rot, shrivel",
"*p̄əruḏôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - seeds, grains",
"*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - beneath, under",
"*meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their clods",
"*nāšammû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate",
"*ʾōṣārôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural - storehouses",
"*nehersû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are broken down",
"*mamməḡurôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - barns, granaries",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*hôḇîš*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is dried up",
"*dāḡān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain, corn"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāḇšû*": "they rot/shrivel/decay",
"*p̄əruḏôṯ*": "seeds/grains/separated things",
"*meḡrəp̄ōṯêhem*": "their clods/their shovels/their lumps of soil",
"*nāšammû*": "they are desolate/they are laid waste",
"*ʾōṣārôṯ*": "storehouses/treasuries/repositories",
"*nehersû*": "they are broken down/they are demolished",
"*mamməḡurôṯ*": "barns/granaries/storehouses",
"*hôḇîš*": "is dried up/withered/failed",
"*dāḡān*": "grain/corn/wheat"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.18",
"source": "מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃",
"text": "*Mah*-*nneʾenḥāh* *ḇəhēmāh* *nāḇōḵû* *ʿeḏrê* *ḇāqār* *kî* *ʾên* *mirʿeh* *lāhem* *gam*-*ʿeḏrê* *haṣṣōʾn* *neʾšāmû*",
"grammar": {
"*Mah*": "interrogative - how",
"*nneʾenḥāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - groans",
"*ḇəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cattle, beasts",
"*nāḇōḵû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - are confused, wander",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - herds of",
"*ḇāqār*": "noun, masculine singular - cattle, oxen",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*gam*": "adverb - also",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - flocks of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sheep",
"*neʾšāmû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate, suffer punishment"
},
"variants": {
"*nneʾenḥāh*": "groans/sighs/moans",
"*ḇəhēmāh*": "cattle/beasts/animals",
"*nāḇōḵû*": "are confused/wander/are perplexed",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "herds of/flocks of",
"*ḇāqār*": "cattle/oxen/bovine animals",
"*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land",
"*neʾšāmû*": "they are desolate/they suffer punishment/they bear guilt"
}
}