16{
"verseID": "Exodus.19.16",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-yhî* in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* in *bihyōt* the *bōqer* *wə-yhî* *qōlōt* and *bərāqîm* and *ʿānān* *kābēd* on the *hār* and *qōl* *šōpār* *ḥāzāq* very and *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *ʿām* *ʾăšer* in the *maḥăneh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day",
"*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third",
"*bihyōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - at the being of",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the morning",
"*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and there were",
"*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - voices/thunders",
"*bərāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lightnings",
"*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud",
"*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/thick",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*šōpār*": "noun, masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet",
"*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong",
"*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp"
},
"variants": {
"*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds",
"*ʿānān kābēd*": "thick cloud/dense cloud/heavy cloud",
"*šōpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Exodus.19.17",
"source": "וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yôṣēʾ* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* to *liqraʾt* the *ʾĕlōhîm* from the *maḥăneh* *wə-yityaṣṣəbû* in *taḥtît* the *hār*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yôṣēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp",
"*wə-yityaṣṣəbû*": "conjunction + verb, hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they stationed themselves",
"*taḥtît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - lower part/foot of",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*taḥtît*": "foot/base/lower part"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Exodus.19.18",
"source": "וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *har* *sînay* *ʿāšan* all of it from *mippənê* *ʾăšer* *yārad* upon it *YHWH* in the *ʾēš* *wə-yaʿal* *ʿăšānô* like *ʿešen* the *kibšān* *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *hār* greatly.",
"grammar": {
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai",
"*ʿāšan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - smoked",
"*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the presence of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*yārad*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - descended/came down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the fire",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went up",
"*ʿăšānô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its smoke",
"*ʿešen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of",
"*kibšān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the furnace",
"*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāšan*": "smoked/was smoking",
"*mippənê*": "from the presence of/because of",
"*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln/smelting furnace"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Exodus.19.19",
"source": "וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*wə-yhî* *qôl* the *šôpār* *hôlēḵ* and *ḥāzēq* very *mōšeh* *yədabbēr* and the *ʾĕlōhîm* *yaʿănennu* in *qôl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it was/became",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the ram's horn/trumpet",
"*hôlēḵ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - going/continuing",
"*ḥāzēq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*yədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - was speaking",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods",
"*yaʿănennu*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - would answer him",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlēḵ wə-ḥāzēq*": "growing louder and louder/increasing in volume and strength",
"*yədabbēr*": "was speaking/would speak",
"*bə-qôl*": "with a voice/audibly/with sound"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Exodus.19.20",
"source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־הַ֥ר סִינַ֖י אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוָ֧ה לְמֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָהָ֖ר וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶֽׁה׃",
"text": "*wə-yēred* *YHWH* on *har* *sînay* to *rōʾš* the *hār* *wə-yiqrāʾ* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* to *rōʾš* the *hār* *wə-yaʿal* *mōšeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of",
"*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʾš*": "top/summit/peak",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he summoned",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "and he went up/and he ascended"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Exodus.19.21",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רֵ֖ד הָעֵ֣ד בָּעָ֑ם פֶּן־יֶהֶרְס֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְנָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ רָֽב׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* *rēd* *hāʿēd* in the *ʿām* lest *yeherŝû* to *YHWH* *lirʾôt* *wə-nāpal* from him many.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*rēd*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go down",
"*hāʿēd*": "verb, hiphil imperative masculine singular - warn/testify",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people",
"*yeherŝû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they break through",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)",
"*lirʾôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*wə-nāpal*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and fall",
"*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/much"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʿēd*": "warn/testify/admonish",
"*yeherŝû*": "break through/break in/burst through",
"*wə-nāpal mimmenû rāb*": "and many of them will fall/and a multitude of them will perish"
}
}