Exodus 23:28

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Exodus.23.28", "source": "וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*šālaḥtî* *ʾet*-the-*ṣirʿāh* before-you and-*gērĕšāh* *ʾet*-the-*ḥiwwî* *ʾet*-the-*kĕnaʿănî* and-*ʾet*-the-*ḥittî* from-before-you", "grammar": { "*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect 1st person common singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - I will send", "*ṣirʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - hornet/wasp", "*gērĕšāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - it will drive out", "*ḥiwwî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hivite", "*kĕnaʿănî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Canaanite", "*ḥittî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hittite" }, "variants": { "*ṣirʿāh*": "hornet/wasp/terror (possibly metaphorical)", "*gērĕšāh*": "it will drive out/expel/cast out" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃

Transliteration

And-šālaḥtî ʾet-the-ṣirʿāh before-you and-gērĕšāh ʾet-the-ḥiwwî ʾet-the-kĕnaʿănî and-ʾet-the-ḥittî from-before-you

Grammar Details

• *šālaḥtî*: qal perfect 1st person common singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - I will send
• *ṣirʿāh*: noun feminine singular - hornet/wasp
• *gērĕšāh*: piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - it will drive out
• *ḥiwwî*: proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hivite
• *kĕnaʿănî*: proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Canaanite
• *ḥittî*: proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hittite

Word Meanings

• *ṣirʿāh*: hornet/wasp/terror (possibly metaphorical)
• *gērĕšāh*: it will drive out/expel/cast out

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  I will send the hornet ahead of you to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites from your path.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And I will send hornets before you, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And I will send{H7971} the hornet{H6880} before{H6440} thee, which shall drive out{H1644} the Hivite,{H2340} the Canaanite,{H3669} and the Hittite,{H2850} from before{H6440} thee.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And I will send{H7971}{(H8804)} hornets{H6880} before{H6440} thee, which shall drive out{H1644}{(H8765)} the Hivite{H2340}, the Canaanite{H3669}, and the Hittite{H2850}, from before{H6440} thee.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  ad I will send hornettes before the, and they shall dryue out the Heuites, the Cananites and the Hethites before the.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  I wyll sende hornettes before ye, and dryue out the Heuytes, Cananites and Hethytes before the.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And I will sende hornets before thee, which shal driue out the Hiuites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from thy face.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And I wyll sende hornettes before thee, which shall driue out the Heuites, the Chanaanites, and the Hethites, before thee.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And I have sent the hornet before thee, and it hath cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  I will send hornets before you, driving out the Hivite and the Canaanite and the Hittite before your face.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  I will send hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 7:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.20", "source": "וְגַם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה יְשַׁלַּ֛ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בָּ֑ם עַד־אֲבֹ֗ד הַנִּשְׁאָרִ֛ים וְהַנִּסְתָּרִ֖ים מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And also the *ṣirʿâ* *yəšallaḥ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* among them, until *ʾăvōd* the *hannišʾārîm* and the *hannistārîm* from your face.", "grammar": { "*ṣirʿâ*": "noun feminine singular - hornet", "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will send", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾăvōd*": "Qal infinitive construct - perishing/being destroyed", "*hannišʾārîm*": "article + Niphal participle masculine plural - the remaining ones", "*hannistārîm*": "article + Niphal participle masculine plural - the hidden ones" }, "variants": { "*ṣirʿâ*": "hornet/terror/panic", "*yəšallaḥ*": "send/let loose/dispatch", "*ʾăvōd*": "perish/be destroyed/vanish", "*hannišʾārîm*": "the remaining ones/those left/survivors", "*hannistārîm*": "the hidden ones/those who hide themselves/those concealed" } }
• Josh 24:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.11", "source": "וַתַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ וַתָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־יְרִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ בָכֶ֣ם בַּעֲלֵֽי־יְ֠רִיחוֹ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֨י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֜י וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וְהֽ͏ַחִתִּי֙ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֔י הֽ͏ַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אוֹתָ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם", "text": "And *wə-ta'aḇrū* *'eṯ*-*hayyardēn* and *wə-tāḇō'ū* to-*yərîḥōw* and *wə-yillāḥămū* against-you masters-of-*ba'ălê*-*yərîḥōw* the-*hā'ĕmōrî* and-the-*wəhappərizzî* and-the-*wəhakkəna'ănî* and-the-*wəhaḥittî* and-the-*wəhaggirggāšî* the-*haḥiwwî* and-the-*wəhayḇūsî* and *wā-'ettēn* *'ōwṯām* in-*bəyedḵem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ta'aḇrū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you crossed over", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*wə-tāḇō'ū*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you came", "*yərîḥōw*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*wə-yillāḥămū*": "conjunctive waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fought", "*ba'ălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - masters/lords of", "*yərîḥōw*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*hā'ĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*wəhappərizzî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Perizzite", "*wəhakkəna'ănî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Canaanite", "*wəhaḥittî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Hittite", "*wəhaggirggāšî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Girgashite", "*haḥiwwî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hivite", "*wəhayḇūsî*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + proper noun - and the Jebusite", "*wā-'ettēn*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I gave", "*'ōwṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*bəyedḵem*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - into your hand" }, "variants": { "*wə-ta'aḇrū*": "you crossed over/passed through", "*wə-tāḇō'ū*": "you came/entered/arrived at", "*wə-yillāḥămū*": "they fought/waged war/battled", "*ba'ălê*": "masters/lords/citizens/men of", "*wā-'ettēn*": "I gave/delivered/handed over", "*bəyedḵem*": "into your hand/power/control" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.12", "source": "וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ", "text": "And *wā-'ešlaḥ* before-*lip̄nêḵem* *'eṯ*-*haṣṣir'āh* and *wə-təḡāreš* *'ōwṯām* from-*mippənêḵem* two-*šənê* kings-of *malḵê* *hā'ĕmōrî* not *lō'* with-*ḇəḥarbəḵā* and-not *wə-lō'* with-*ḇəqaštēḵā*", "grammar": { "*wā-'ešlaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - and I sent", "*lip̄nêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*haṣṣir'āh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the hornet", "*wə-təḡāreš*": "conjunctive waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it drove out", "*'ōwṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mippənêḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - from before you", "*šənê*": "number, masculine dual construct - two of", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*hā'ĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*ḇəḥarbəḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your sword", "*wə-lō'*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*ḇəqaštēḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your bow" }, "variants": { "*wā-'ešlaḥ*": "I sent/dispatched", "*lip̄nêḵem*": "before you/ahead of you", "*haṣṣir'āh*": "the hornet/wasp/plague (possibly metaphorical for terror or panic)", "*wə-təḡāreš*": "it drove out/expelled/cast out", "*mippənêḵem*": "from before you/from your presence", "*ḇəḥarbəḵā*": "with your sword/weapon", "*ḇəqaštēḵā*": "with your bow/archery" } }