1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.1",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־בֹשֵׁ֥שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָרֶ֣דֶת מִן־הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעָ֜ם עַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ ק֣וּם ׀ עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֵֽלְכוּ֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה ׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wayyarʾ* the *hāʿām* that *bōšēš* *Mōšeh* to *lāredet* from the *hāhār*, and *wayyiqqāhēl* the *hāʿām* upon *ʾAhărōn* and *wayyōmərū* to him, Rise, *ʿăśēh* for us *ʾĕlōhîm* who *yēlkū* before us, for this *Mōšeh*, the *hāʾîš* who *heʿĕlānū* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*, not *yādaʿnū* what *hāyāh* to him.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he saw",
"*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*bōšēš*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - delayed/tarried",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*lāredet*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition lamed - to come down",
"*hāhār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the mountain",
"*wayyiqqāhēl*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and gathered together",
"*wayyōmərū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they said",
"*ʿăśēh*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - make",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "plural noun - gods/God/divine beings",
"*yēlkū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will go",
"*hāʾîš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the man",
"*heʿĕlānū*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - he brought us up",
"*ʾereṣ*": "construct noun, feminine singular - land of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*yādaʿnū*": "Qal perfect 1st person plural - we know",
"*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - happened/became"
},
"variants": {
"*bōšēš*": "delayed/tarried/was shamefully late",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/God/divine beings/mighty one(s)",
"*heʿĕlānū*": "brought us up/caused us to ascend",
"*yādaʿnū*": "we know/we understand"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.2",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אַהֲרֹ֔ן פָּֽרְקוּ֙ נִזְמֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָבִ֖יאוּ אֵלָֽי׃",
"text": "And *wayyōmer* to them *ʾAhărōn*, *pārəqū* *nizmê* the *hazzāhāb* which in *ʾoznê* your *nəšêkem*, your *bənêkem* and your *bənōtêkem*, and *hābîʾū* to me.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*pārəqū*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - break off/tear off",
"*nizmê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - rings of",
"*hazzāhāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the gold",
"*ʾoznê*": "construct noun, feminine plural - ears of",
"*nəšêkem*": "noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your wives",
"*bənêkem*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons",
"*bənōtêkem*": "noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your daughters",
"*hābîʾū*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - bring"
},
"variants": {
"*pārəqū*": "break off/tear off/remove",
"*nizmê*": "rings/earrings/nose-rings"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.3",
"source": "וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֶת־נִזְמֵ֥י הַזָּהָ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹֽן׃",
"text": "And *wayyitpārəqū* all the *hāʿām* *ʾet*-*nizmê* the *hazzāhāb* which in their *ʾoznêhem*, and *wayyābîʾū* to *ʾAhărōn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyitpārəqū*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tore off themselves",
"*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*nizmê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - rings of",
"*hazzāhāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the gold",
"*ʾoznêhem*": "noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ears",
"*wayyābîʾū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they brought"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyitpārəqū*": "they tore off themselves/they stripped themselves",
"*nizmê*": "rings/earrings/nose-rings"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.4",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח מִיָּדָ֗ם וַיָּ֤צַר אֹתוֹ֙ בַּחֶ֔רֶט וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* from their *miyyādām* and *wayyāṣar* *ʾōtô* with the *ḥereṭ* and *wayyaʿăśēhū* *ʿēgel* *massēkāh*, and *wayyōmərū*, These your *ʾĕlōheykā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *heʿĕlūkā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he took",
"*miyyādām*": "preposition + noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their hand",
"*wayyāṣar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he formed/fashioned",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it/him",
"*ḥereṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - engraving tool/stylus",
"*wayyaʿăśēhū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he made it",
"*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf",
"*massēkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol",
"*wayyōmərū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they said",
"*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods/God",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*heʿĕlūkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they brought you up"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥereṭ*": "engraving tool/stylus/chisel/mold",
"*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/molten metal",
"*ʾĕlōheykā*": "your gods/your God/your divine beings"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.5",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לְפָנָ֑יו וַיִּקְרָ֤א אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר חַ֥ג לַיהוָ֖ה מָחָֽר׃",
"text": "And *wayyarʾ* *ʾAhărōn* and *wayyiben* *mizbēaḥ* before him, and *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾAhărōn* and *wayyōmar*, *ḥag* to *YHWH* tomorrow.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he saw",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*wayyiben*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he built",
"*mizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - altar",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he called/proclaimed",
"*wayyōmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*ḥag*": "noun, masculine singular - feast/festival",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he proclaimed/and he announced",
"*ḥag*": "feast/festival/celebration"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.6",
"source": "וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙ימוּ֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּעֲל֣וּ עֹלֹ֔ת וַיַּגִּ֖שׁוּ שְׁלָמִ֑ים וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הָעָם֙ לֽ͏ֶאֱכֹ֣ל וְשָׁת֔וֹ וַיָּקֻ֖מוּ לְצַחֵֽק׃",
"text": "And *wayyaškîmū* *mimmŏḥorāt* and *wayyaʿălû* *ʿōlōt* and *wayyaggîšū* *šəlāmîm*, and *wayyēšeb* the *hāʿām* to *leʾĕkōl* and *šātô*, and *wayyāqumū* to *ləṣaḥēq*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaškîmū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rose early",
"*mimmŏḥorāt*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - on the next day",
"*wayyaʿălû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they offered up",
"*ʿōlōt*": "noun feminine plural - burnt offerings",
"*wayyaggîšū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they brought near",
"*šəlāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - peace offerings",
"*wayyēšeb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he sat",
"*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*leʾĕkōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat",
"*šātô*": "Qal infinitive absolute - drink",
"*wayyāqumū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rose",
"*ləṣaḥēq*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to play/make sport"
},
"variants": {
"*ləṣaḥēq*": "to play/to make sport/to amuse themselves/to mock/to engage in revelry (possibly with sexual connotation)"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.7",
"source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה לֶךְ־רֵ֕ד כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱלֵ֖יתָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wayədabbēr* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, Go *rēd* for *šiḥēt* your *ʿamməkā* whom *heʿĕlêtā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*rēd*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - go down",
"*šiḥēt*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - corrupted/ruined",
"*ʿamməkā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*heʿĕlêtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you brought up"
},
"variants": {
"*šiḥēt*": "corrupted/ruined/destroyed/acted corruptly"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.8",
"source": "סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֽ͏ֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "They *sārû* *mahēr* from the *hadderek* which *ṣiwwîtim*, they *ʿāśû* for themselves *ʿēgel* *massēkāh* and *wayyištaḥăwû* to it and *wayyizbəḥû* to it, and *wayyōmərû*, These your *ʾĕlōheykā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *heʿĕlūkā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*sārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they turned aside",
"*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly",
"*hadderek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the way",
"*ṣiwwîtim*": "Piel perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I commanded them",
"*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they made",
"*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf",
"*massēkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol",
"*wayyištaḥăwû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they bowed down",
"*wayyizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they sacrificed",
"*wayyōmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they said",
"*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods/God",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*heʿĕlūkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they brought you up"
},
"variants": {
"*sārû*": "turned aside/departed/deviated",
"*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/molten metal",
"*ʾĕlōheykā*": "your gods/your God/your divine beings"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.32.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא׃",
"text": "And *wayyōmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, I *rāʾîtî* *ʾet* the *hāʿām* the *hazzeh*, and behold a *ʿam*-*qəšēh*-*ʿōref* he.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have seen",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*hazzeh*": "definite demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*qəšēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - hard/stiff",
"*ʿōref*": "noun, masculine singular - neck"
},
"variants": {
"*qəšēh*-*ʿōref*": "stiff-necked/stubborn/obstinate"
}
}