11 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.11",
"source": "וְאֶ֨תְּנֵ֔הוּ בְּיַ֖ד אֵ֣יל גּוֹיִ֑ם עָשׂ֤וֹ יַֽעֲשֶׂה֙ ל֔וֹ כְּרִשְׁע֖וֹ גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽהוּ",
"text": "And *wəʾettənēhû* in *yad* *ʾêl* *gôyim* *ʿāśô* *yaʿăśeh* to him according to *rišʿô* *gērašətîhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʾettənēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will give him",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*ʾêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mighty one of/ruler of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples",
"*ʿāśô*": "qal infinitive absolute - doing/surely",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will do",
"*rišʿô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wickedness",
"*gērašətîhû*": "piel perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I drove him out/expelled him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾêl*": "mighty one/ruler/ram/powerful one",
"*ʿāśô yaʿăśeh*": "he will surely do/he will certainly do/doing he will do",
"*rišʿô*": "his wickedness/his evil/his wrongdoing"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.12",
"source": "וַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּ זָרִ֛ים עָרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּ אֶל־הֶ֠הָרִים וּבְכָל־גֵּ֨אָי֜וֹת נָפְל֣וּ דָלִיּוֹתָ֗יו וַתִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָה פֹֽארֹתָיו֙ בְּכֹל֙ אֲפִיקֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּרְד֧וּ מִצִּלּ֛וֹ כָּל־עַמֵּ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ",
"text": "And *wayyikrətuhû* *zārîm* *ʿārîṣê* *gôyim* and *wayyiṭṭəšuhû* to the *hehārîm* and in all *gēʾāyôt* *nāp̄əlû* *dāliyyôtāyw* and *wattissāḇarnāh* *p̄ōʾrōtāyw* in all *ʾăp̄îqê* the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayyērədû* from *ṣillô* all *ʿammê* the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayyiṭṭəšuhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyikrətuhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they cut him down",
"*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners",
"*ʿārîṣê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - terrible/ruthless ones of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples",
"*wayyiṭṭəšuhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they abandoned him",
"*hehārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the mountains",
"*gēʾāyôt*": "noun, feminine plural - valleys",
"*nāp̄əlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they fell",
"*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches",
"*wattissāḇarnāh*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they were broken",
"*p̄ōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his boughs",
"*ʾăp̄îqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - channels/ravines of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*wayyērədû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went down",
"*ṣillô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his shadow",
"*ʿammê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - peoples of",
"*wayyiṭṭəšuhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they abandoned him"
},
"variants": {
"*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens",
"*ʿārîṣê*": "terrible ones of/ruthless ones of/tyrants of",
"*wayyiṭṭəšuhû*": "and they abandoned him/and they cast him down/and they left him",
"*ʾăp̄îqê*": "channels of/ravines of/streambeds of"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.13",
"source": "עַל־מַפַּלְתּ֥וֹ יִשְׁכְּנ֖וּ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶל־פֹּארֹתָ֣יו הָי֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה",
"text": "Upon *mappalətô* *yiškənû* all *ʿôp̄* the *šāmayim* and upon *pōʾrōtāyw* *hāyû* all *ḥayyat* the *śādeh*",
"grammar": {
"*mappalətô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fallen trunk/ruin",
"*yiškənû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they will dwell/settle",
"*ʿôp̄*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his boughs",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were",
"*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - living things/beasts of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field"
},
"variants": {
"*mappalətô*": "his fallen trunk/his ruin/his fallen body",
"*yiškənû*": "they will dwell/they will settle/they will rest",
"*pōʾrōtāyw*": "his boughs/his branches/his fallen branches"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.14",
"source": "לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר",
"text": "In order that *ʾăšer* not *yigbəhû* in *qômātām* all *ʿăṣê-mayim* and not *yittənû* *ʾet-ṣammartām* to between *ʿăḇōtîm* and not *yaʿamdû* to them in *ḡāḇhām* all *šōtê* *māyim* for *kullām* *nittənû* to the *māwet* to *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* in midst *bənê* *ʾādām* to *yôrədê* *ḇôr*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*yigbəhû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will be high/exalted",
"*qômātām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their height/stature",
"*ʿăṣê-mayim*": "construct chain - trees of water",
"*yittənû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will set/place",
"*ʾet-ṣammartām*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their top/crown",
"*ʿăḇōtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thick clouds",
"*yaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will stand",
"*ḡāḇhām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their height",
"*šōtê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water",
"*kullām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them",
"*nittənû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they are given/consigned",
"*māwet*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the death",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/humanity",
"*yôrədê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those going down to",
"*ḇôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/grave"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăṣê-mayim*": "trees of water/well-watered trees",
"*ʾet-ṣammartām*": "their top/their crown/their highest point",
"*ʿăḇōtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets",
"*šōtê māyim*": "drinkers of water/well-watered ones",
"*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.15",
"source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה",
"text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* in day *ridtô* *šəʾôlāh* *heʾĕḇaltî* I covered over him *ʾet-təhôm* and *wāʾemnaʿ* *nahărôtêhā* and *wayyikkāləʾû* *mayim* *rabbîm* and *wāʾaqdir* over him *ləḇānôn* and all *ʿăṣê* the *śādeh* over him *ʿulpeh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ridtô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his going down",
"*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol",
"*heʾĕḇaltî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused mourning",
"*ʾet-təhôm*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular - the deep",
"*wāʾemnaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st common singular - and I restrained",
"*nahărôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her rivers",
"*wayyikkāləʾû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they were restrained",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/abundant",
"*wāʾaqdir*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st common singular - and I caused darkness",
"*ləḇānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*ʿulpeh*": "pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - was fainted/mourned"
},
"variants": {
"*ridtô šəʾôlāh*": "his going down to Sheol/his descent to the grave/his going to the underworld",
"*heʾĕḇaltî*": "I caused mourning/I made to mourn/I had mourned",
"*wāʾemnaʿ*": "and I restrained/and I withheld/and I held back",
"*wāʾaqdir*": "and I darkened/and I clothed in darkness/and I caused mourning for",
"*ʿulpeh*": "were faint/languished/wilted/mourned"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.31.16",
"source": "מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם",
"text": "From *qôl* *mappalətô* *hirʿaštî* *gôyim* in *hôrîdî* *ʾōtô* *šəʾôlāh* *ʾet-yôrədê* *ḇôr* and *wayyinnāḥămû* in *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* *miḇḥar* and *ṭôḇ-ləḇānôn* all *šōtê* *māyim*",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*mappalətô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fall",
"*hirʿaštî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused to shake/tremble",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*hôrîdî*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 1st common singular suffix - my bringing down",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol",
"*ʾet-yôrədê*": "direct object marker + qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who go down to",
"*ḇôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/grave",
"*wayyinnāḥămû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were comforted",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether",
"*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden",
"*miḇḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - choice of",
"*ṭôḇ-ləḇānôn*": "construct chain - good of Lebanon",
"*šōtê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water"
},
"variants": {
"*mappalətô*": "his fall/his ruin/his downfall",
"*hirʿaštî*": "I caused to shake/I made to tremble/I made quake",
"*wayyinnāḥămû*": "and they were comforted/and they consoled themselves/and they were relieved",
"*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld",
"*miḇḥar wəṭôḇ-ləḇānôn*": "choice and good of Lebanon/the select and best of Lebanon"
}
}