Genesis 49:17

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.49.17", "source": "יְהִי־דָן֙ נָחָ֣שׁ עֲלֵי־דֶ֔רֶךְ שְׁפִיפֹ֖ן עֲלֵי־אֹ֑רַח הַנֹּשֵׁךְ֙ עִקְּבֵי־ס֔וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל רֹכְב֖וֹ אָחֽוֹר", "text": "*yəhî*-*dān* *nāḥāš* upon-*derek* *šəpîpōn* upon-*ʾōraḥ* the-*nōšēk* *ʿiqqəbê*-*sûs* *wa-yippōl* *rōkbô* *ʾāḥôr*", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect jussive 3rd masculine singular - may he be", "*dān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Dan", "*nāḥāš*": "noun masculine singular - serpent", "*derek*": "noun masculine singular - way/road", "*šəpîpōn*": "noun masculine singular - horned snake/adder", "*ʾōraḥ*": "noun masculine singular - path", "*nōšēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular with definite article - the one biting", "*ʿiqqəbê*": "noun masculine plural construct - heels of", "*sûs*": "noun masculine singular - horse", "*wa-yippōl*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he falls", "*rōkbô*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its rider", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward" }, "variants": { "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake", "*šəpîpōn*": "horned snake/adder/viper", "*nōšēk*": "biting/striking", "*ʿiqqəbê*": "heels/hooves" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

יְהִי־דָן֙ נָחָ֣שׁ עֲלֵי־דֶ֔רֶךְ שְׁפִיפֹ֖ן עֲלֵי־אֹ֑רַח הַנֹּשֵׁךְ֙ עִקְּבֵי־ס֔וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל רֹכְב֖וֹ אָחֽוֹר

Transliteration

yəhî-dān nāḥāš upon-derek šəpîpōn upon-ʾōraḥ the-nōšēk ʿiqqəbê-sûs wa-yippōl rōkbô ʾāḥôr

Grammar Details

• *yəhî*: Qal imperfect jussive 3rd masculine singular - may he be
• *dān*: proper noun, masculine singular - Dan
• *nāḥāš*: noun masculine singular - serpent
• *derek*: noun masculine singular - way/road
• *šəpîpōn*: noun masculine singular - horned snake/adder
• *ʾōraḥ*: noun masculine singular - path
• *nōšēk*: Qal participle masculine singular with definite article - the one biting
• *ʿiqqəbê*: noun masculine plural construct - heels of
• *sûs*: noun masculine singular - horse
• *wa-yippōl*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he falls
• *rōkbô*: Qal participle masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its rider
• *ʾāḥôr*: adverb - backward

Word Meanings

• *nāḥāš*: serpent/snake
• *šəpîpōn*: horned snake/adder/viper
• *nōšēk*: biting/striking
• *ʿiqqəbê*: heels/hooves

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Dan will be a serpent by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse's heels so that its rider falls backward.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Dan shall be a serpent by the way, a viper in the path, that bites the horse's heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Dan shall be a serpent in the way, An adder in the path, That biteth the horse's heels, So that his rider falleth backward.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Dan shalbe a serpent in the waye and an edder in the path and byte the horse heles so yt his ryder shall fall backwarde,

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Dan shalbe a serpent in the waye, and an edder in the path, and byte the horse in the heles, that his ryder maye fall backwarde.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder by the path, byting the horse heeles, so that his rider shall fall backward.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Dan shalbe a serpent in the way, an adder in the path, bytyng ye horse heeles, and his ryder fell backewarde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Dan will be a serpent in the way, An adder in the path, That bites the horse's heels, So that his rider falls backward.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Dan is a serpent by the way, An adder by the path, Which is biting the horse's heels, And its rider falleth backward.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Dan shall be a serpent in the way, An adder in the path, That biteth the horse's heels, So that his rider falleth backward.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Dan shall be a serpent in the way, An adder in the path, That biteth the horse's heels, So that his rider falleth backward.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  May Dan be a snake in the way, a horned snake by the road, biting the horse's foot so that the horseman has a fall.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Dan will be a serpent in the way, an adder in the path, That bites the horse's heels, so that his rider falls backward.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  May Dan be a snake beside the road, a viper by the path, that bites the heels of the horse so that its rider falls backward.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Chr 12:35 : 35 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.12.35", "source": "וּמִנַּפְתָּלִ֖י שָׂרִ֣ים אָ֑לֶף וְעִמָּהֶם֙ בְּצִנָּ֣ה וַחֲנִ֔ית שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*nap̄tālî* *śārîm* *ʾālep̄* and-with-them with-*ṣinnāh* and-*ḥănît* thirty and-seven *ʾālep̄*", "grammar": { "*nap̄tālî*": "proper noun - Naphtali", "*śārîm*": "masculine noun, plural - commanders/officers/captains", "*ʾālep̄*": "masculine noun, singular - thousand", "*ṣinnāh*": "feminine noun, singular - large shield", "*ḥănît*": "feminine noun, singular - spear" }, "variants": { "*śārîm*": "chiefs/captains/commanders/officers", "*ṣinnāh*": "large shield/buckler" } }
• Judg 14:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.14.1", "source": "וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yērêd šimšôn timnātâ wə-yārĕʾ ʾiššâ bə-timnātâ mi-bənôt pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yērêd*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Timnah", "*wə-yārĕʾ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*bə-timnātâ*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Timnah", "*mi-bənôt*": "preposition min + noun, feminine plural construct - from daughters of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*yērêd*": "went down/descended", "*yārĕʾ*": "saw/noticed/observed", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*bənôt*": "daughters/young women" } } 2 { "verseID": "Judges.14.2", "source": "וַיַּ֗עַל וַיַּגֵּד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִשָּׁ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַתָּ֕ה קְחוּ־אוֹתָ֥הּ לִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿal wə-yaggēd lə-ʾābîw ūlə-ʾimmô wə-yōʾmer ʾiššâ rāʾîtî bə-timnātâ mi-bənôt pəlištîm wə-ʿattâ qəḥū-ʾôtāh lî lə-ʾiššâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*wə-yaggēd*": "conjunction wə- + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he told", "*lə-ʾābîw*": "preposition lə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*ūlə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his mother", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have seen", "*bə-timnātâ*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Timnah", "*mi-bənôt*": "preposition min + noun feminine plural construct - from daughters of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun masculine plural - Philistines", "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction wə- + adverb - and now", "*qəḥū-ʾôtāh*": "Qal imperative masculine plural + direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - take her", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - for me", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition lə- + noun feminine singular - as wife" }, "variants": { "*yaʿal*": "went up/ascended", "*yaggēd*": "told/reported/declared", "*rāʾîtî*": "I saw/I have seen", "*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time", "*qəḥū*": "take/get/obtain" } } 3 { "verseID": "Judges.14.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ הַאֵין֩ בִּבְנ֨וֹת אַחֶ֤יךָ וּבְכָל־עַמִּי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה הוֹלֵךְ֙ לָקַ֣חַת אִשָּׁ֔ה מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָעֲרֵלִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶל־אָבִיו֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ קַֽח־לִ֔י כִּֽי־הִ֖יא יָשְׁרָ֥ה בְעֵינָֽי׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lô ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô ha-ʾên bi-bənôt ʾaḥêkā ū-bə-kol-ʿammî ʾiššâ kî-ʾattâ hôlēk lāqaḥat ʾiššâ mi-pəlištîm hā-ʿărēlîm wə-yōʾmer šimšôn ʾel-ʾābîw ʾôtāh qaḥ-lî kî-hîʾ yāšərâ bə-ʿênāy*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lô*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾābîw*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*ha-ʾên*": "interrogative particle ha- + adverb of negation - is there not?", "*bi-bənôt*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine plural construct - among daughters of", "*ʾaḥêkā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brothers", "*ū-bə-kol*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bə- + noun masculine singular construct - and among all", "*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun feminine singular - woman/wife", "*kî-ʾattâ*": "conjunction kî + pronoun 2nd masculine singular - that you", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going", "*lāqaḥat*": "Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*mi-pəlištîm*": "preposition min + proper noun masculine plural - from Philistines", "*hā-ʿărēlîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the uncircumcised", "*ʾel-ʾābîw*": "preposition ʾel + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*qaḥ-lî*": "Qal imperative masculine singular + preposition lə- with 1st singular suffix - take for me", "*kî-hîʾ*": "conjunction kî + pronoun 3rd feminine singular - for she", "*yāšərâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - is right/pleasing", "*bə-ʿênāy*": "preposition bə- + noun dual construct with 1st singular suffix - in my eyes" }, "variants": { "*ʾên*": "there is not/none", "*hôlēk*": "going/walking", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take/to get/to marry", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised/foreign", "*yāšərâ*": "right/pleasing/straight/proper" } } 4 { "verseID": "Judges.14.4", "source": "וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי־תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא־מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô lōʾ yādəʿû kî mê-YHWH hîʾ kî-tōʾănâ hûʾ-məbaqqēš mi-pəlištîm ū-bā-ʿēt ha-hîʾ pəlištîm mōšəlîm bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾābîw*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādəʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*mê-YHWH*": "preposition min + proper noun - from YHWH", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun 3rd feminine singular - it [was]", "*kî-tōʾănâ*": "conjunction kî + noun feminine singular - for an occasion", "*hûʾ-məbaqqēš*": "pronoun 3rd masculine singular + Piel participle masculine singular - he [was] seeking", "*mi-pəlištîm*": "preposition min + proper noun masculine plural - from Philistines", "*ū-bā-ʿēt*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - and at the time", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3rd feminine singular - that", "*mōšəlîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - ruling", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "they knew/understood", "*tōʾănâ*": "occasion/opportunity/pretext", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/looking for", "*mōšəlîm*": "ruling/governing/dominating" } } 5 { "verseID": "Judges.14.5", "source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן וְאָבִ֥יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּפִ֣יר אֲרָי֔וֹת שֹׁאֵ֖ג לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yēred šimšôn wə-ʾābîw wə-ʾimmô timnātâ wə-yābōʾû ʿad-karmê timnātâ wə-hinnēh kəp̄îr ʾărāyôt šōʾēg liqrātô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went down", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*wə-ʾābîw*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Timnah", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they came", "*ʿad-karmê*": "preposition ʿad + noun masculine plural construct - as far as vineyards of", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun - Timnah", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction wə- + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*kəp̄îr*": "noun masculine singular construct - young lion of", "*ʾărāyôt*": "noun masculine plural - lions", "*šōʾēg*": "Qal participle masculine singular - roaring", "*liqrātô*": "preposition lə- + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet him" }, "variants": { "*yēred*": "went down/descended", "*yābōʾû*": "they came/arrived/entered", "*karmê*": "vineyards/orchards", "*kəp̄îr ʾărāyôt*": "young lion/lion cub", "*šōʾēg*": "roaring/growling", "*liqrātô*": "to meet him/against him" } } 6 { "verseID": "Judges.14.6", "source": "וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֙הוּ֙ כְּשַׁסַּ֣ע הַגְּדִ֔י וּמְא֖וּמָה אֵ֣ין בְּיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א הִגִּיד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃", "text": "*wə-tiṣlaḥ ʿālāyw rûaḥ YHWH wə-yəšassəʿēhû kə-šassaʿ ha-gədî ū-məʾûmâ ʾên bə-yādô wə-lōʾ higgîd lə-ʾābîw ūlə-ʾimmô ʾēt ʾăšer ʿāśâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-tiṣlaḥ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and came mightily/rushed", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition ʿal + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH", "*wə-yəšassəʿēhû*": "conjunction wə- + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he tore him apart", "*kə-šassaʿ*": "preposition kə- + Piel infinitive construct - as tearing", "*ha-gədî*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the young goat", "*ū-məʾûmâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular - and nothing", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - [was] not", "*bə-yādô*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*higgîd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he told", "*lə-ʾābîw*": "preposition lə- + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*ūlə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his mother", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/what", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had done" }, "variants": { "*tiṣlaḥ*": "came mightily/rushed/seized", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*yəšassəʿēhû*": "tore him apart/ripped him", "*gədî*": "young goat/kid", "*məʾûmâ*": "anything/nothing", "*higgîd*": "told/reported/declared" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.14.7", "source": "וַיֵּ֖רֶד וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר לָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּישַׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "*wə-yēred wə-yədabbēr lā-ʾiššâ wə-tîšar bə-ʿênê šimšôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*wə-yədabbēr*": "conjunction wə- + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*lā-ʾiššâ*": "preposition lə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the woman", "*wə-tîšar*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she was pleasing", "*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine dual construct - in eyes of", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson" }, "variants": { "*yēred*": "went down/descended", "*yədabbēr*": "spoke/talked/conversed", "*tîšar*": "was pleasing/was right" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.14.8", "source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב מִיָּמִים֙ לְקַחְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֣סַר לִרְא֔וֹת אֵ֖ת מַפֶּ֣לֶת הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה עֲדַ֧ת דְּבוֹרִ֛ים בִּגְוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וּדְבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšāb mî-yāmîm lə-qaḥtāh wə-yāsar li-rʾôt ʾēt mappelet hā-ʾaryēh wə-hinnēh ʿădat dəbôrîm bi-gəwîyat hā-ʾaryēh ū-dəbāš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāb*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*mî-yāmîm*": "preposition min + noun masculine plural - after days", "*lə-qaḥtāh*": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to take her", "*wə-yāsar*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*li-rʾôt*": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct - to see", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*mappelet*": "noun feminine singular construct - carcass of", "*hā-ʾaryēh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the lion", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction wə- + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʿădat*": "noun feminine singular construct - swarm of", "*dəbôrîm*": "noun feminine plural - bees", "*bi-gəwîyat*": "preposition bə- + noun feminine singular construct - in carcass of", "*hā-ʾaryēh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the lion", "*ū-dəbāš*": "conjunction wə- + noun masculine singular - and honey" }, "variants": { "*yāšāb*": "returned/came back", "*mî-yāmîm*": "after days/after some time", "*qaḥtāh*": "to take her/to marry her", "*yāsar*": "turned aside/deviated", "*mappelet*": "carcass/remains/corpse", "*ʿădat*": "swarm/community/congregation", "*gəwîyat*": "carcass/body/corpse" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.14.9", "source": "וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּ אֶל־כַּפָּ֗יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י מִגְּוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה רָדָ֥ה הַדְּבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yirdēhû ʾel-kappāyw wə-yēlek hālôk wə-ʾākōl wə-yēlek ʾel-ʾābîw wə-ʾel-ʾimmô wə-yittēn lāhem wə-yōʾkēlû wə-lōʾ-higgîd lāhem kî mi-gəwîyat hā-ʾaryēh rādâ ha-dəbāš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirdēhû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he scraped it out", "*ʾel-kappāyw*": "preposition ʾel + noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - into his palms", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*hālôk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going", "*wə-ʾākōl*": "conjunction wə- + Qal infinitive absolute - and eating", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*ʾel-ʾābîw*": "preposition ʾel + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his father", "*wə-ʾel-ʾimmô*": "conjunction wə- + preposition ʾel + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his mother", "*wə-yittēn*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wə-yōʾkēlû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they ate", "*wə-lōʾ-higgîd*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle + Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he did not tell", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*mi-gəwîyat*": "preposition min + noun feminine singular construct - from carcass of", "*hā-ʾaryēh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the lion", "*rādâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he extracted", "*ha-dəbāš*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the honey" }, "variants": { "*yirdēhû*": "he scraped it out/he gathered it/he extracted it", "*kappāyw*": "his palms/his hands", "*hālôk wə-ʾākōl*": "going and eating/as he went along eating", "*higgîd*": "told/informed/reported", "*rādâ*": "extracted/scraped/removed", "*gəwîyat*": "carcass/body/corpse" } } 10 { "verseID": "Judges.14.10", "source": "וַיֵּ֥רֶד אָבִ֖יהוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ שָׁ֤ם שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשׂ֖וּ הַבַּחוּרִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yēred ʾābîhû ʾel-hā-ʾiššâ wə-yaʿaś šām šimšôn mišteh kî kēn yaʿăśû ha-baḥûrîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went down", "*ʾābîhû*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ʾel-hā-ʾiššâ*": "preposition ʾel + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the woman", "*wə-yaʿaś*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*mišteh*": "noun masculine singular - feast", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus", "*yaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would do", "*ha-baḥûrîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the young men" }, "variants": { "*yēred*": "went down/descended", "*yaʿaś*": "made/prepared/arranged", "*mišteh*": "feast/drinking party/banquet", "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/bachelors" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.14.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כִּרְאוֹתָ֣ם אוֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים מֵֽרֵעִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֖וּ אִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî kirʾôtām ʾôtô wə-yiqḥû šəlōšîm mērēʿîm wə-yihyû ʾittô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*kirʾôtām*": "preposition kə- + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - when they saw", "*ʾôtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wə-yiqḥû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*mērēʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - companions", "*wə-yihyû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were", "*ʾittô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass", "*kirʾôtām*": "when they saw/as they saw", "*yiqḥû*": "they took/they selected", "*mērēʿîm*": "companions/friends" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.14.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אָחֽוּדָה־נָּ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִידָ֑ה אִם־הַגֵּ֣ד תַּגִּידוּ֩ אוֹתָ֨הּ לִ֜י שִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ וּמְצָאתֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִפֹ֥ת בְּגָדִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lāhem šimšôn ʾāḥûdâ-nāʾ lākem ḥîdâ ʾim-haggēd taggîdû ʾôtāh lî šibʿat yəmê ha-mišteh ū-məṣāʾtem wə-nātattî lākem šəlōšîm sədînîm ū-šəlōšîm ḥălip̄ôt bəgādîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*ʾāḥûdâ-nāʾ*": "Qal cohortative 1st singular + particle of entreaty - let me pose, please", "*lākem*": "preposition lə- + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ḥîdâ*": "noun feminine singular - riddle", "*ʾim-haggēd*": "conjunction ʾim + Hiphil infinitive absolute - if indeed", "*taggîdû*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you tell", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*šibʿat*": "numeral construct - seven of", "*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - days of", "*ha-mišteh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the feast", "*ū-məṣāʾtem*": "conjunction wə- + Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you find", "*wə-nātattî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal perfect 1st singular - then I will give", "*lākem*": "preposition lə- + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*sədînîm*": "noun masculine plural - linen garments", "*ū-šəlōšîm*": "conjunction wə- + numeral - and thirty", "*ḥălip̄ôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - changes of", "*bəgādîm*": "noun masculine plural - clothes" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḥûdâ*": "let me pose/let me tell", "*ḥîdâ*": "riddle/puzzle/enigma", "*haggēd taggîdû*": "indeed tell/surely explain", "*məṣāʾtem*": "you find/you solve", "*sədînîm*": "linen garments/sheets", "*ḥălip̄ôt bəgādîm*": "changes of clothes/sets of garments" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.14.13", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֣א תוּכְלוּ֮ לְהַגִּ֣יד לִי֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֨ם אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִיפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ ח֥וּדָה חִידָתְךָ֖ וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim-lōʾ tûkəlû lə-haggîd lî ū-nətattem ʾattem lî šəlōšîm sədînîm ū-šəlōšîm ḥălîp̄ôt bəgādîm wə-yōʾmərû lô ḥûdâ ḥîdātəkā wə-nišmāʿennâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + conjunction ʾim + negative particle - but if not", "*tûkəlû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you are able", "*lə-haggîd*": "preposition lə- + Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*ū-nətattem*": "conjunction wə- + Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - then you shall give", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun 2nd masculine plural - you", "*lî*": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*sədînîm*": "noun masculine plural - linen garments", "*ū-šəlōšîm*": "conjunction wə- + numeral - and thirty", "*ḥălîp̄ôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - changes of", "*bəgādîm*": "noun masculine plural - clothes", "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lô*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ḥûdâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - pose", "*ḥîdātəkā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your riddle", "*wə-nišmāʿennâ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 1st common plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and we will hear it" }, "variants": { "*tûkəlû*": "you are able/you can", "*haggîd*": "to tell/to explain", "*nətattem*": "you shall give/you must give", "*sədînîm*": "linen garments/sheets", "*ḥălîp̄ôt bəgādîm*": "changes of clothes/sets of garments", "*ḥûdâ*": "pose/tell", "*nišmāʿennâ*": "we will hear it/we will listen to it" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.14.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙ יָצָ֣א מַאֲכָ֔ל וּמֵעַ֖ז יָצָ֣א מָת֑וֹק וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֛וּ לְהַגִּ֥יד הַחִידָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lāhem mē-hā-ʾōkēl yāṣāʾ maʾăkāl ū-mē-ʿaz yāṣāʾ mātôq wə-lōʾ yākəlû lə-haggîd ha-ḥîdâ šəlōšet yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*mē-hā-ʾōkēl*": "preposition min + definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - from the eater", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came out", "*maʾăkāl*": "noun masculine singular - food", "*ū-mē-ʿaz*": "conjunction wə- + preposition min + adjective masculine singular - and from strong", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came out", "*mātôq*": "adjective masculine singular - sweet", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*yākəlû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able", "*lə-haggîd*": "preposition lə- + Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell", "*ha-ḥîdâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the riddle", "*šəlōšet*": "numeral construct - three of", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*ʾōkēl*": "eater/devourer", "*yāṣāʾ*": "came out/emerged", "*maʾăkāl*": "food/something eaten", "*ʿaz*": "strong/fierce/mighty", "*mātôq*": "sweet/pleasant", "*yākəlû*": "they were able/they could", "*haggîd*": "to tell/to solve" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.14.15", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לְאֵֽשֶׁת־שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ פַּתִּ֣י אֶת־אִישֵׁ֗ךְ וְיַגֶּד־לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִידָ֔ה פֶּן־נִשְׂרֹ֥ף אוֹתָ֛ךְ וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֖יךְ בָּאֵ֑שׁ הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּ קְרָאתֶ֥ם לָ֖נוּ הֲלֹֽא׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî ba-yôm ha-šəbîʿî wə-yōʾmərû lə-ʾēšet-šimšôn pattî ʾet-ʾîšēk wə-yagged-lānû ʾet-ha-ḥîdâ pen-niśrōp̄ ʾôtāk wə-ʾet-bêt ʾābîk bā-ʾēš ha-lə-yārəšēnû qərāʾtem lānû hă-lōʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition bə- + definite article + noun masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-šəbîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal adjective masculine singular - the seventh", "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lə-ʾēšet*": "preposition lə- + noun feminine singular construct - to wife of", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun masculine singular - Samson", "*pattî*": "Piel imperative feminine singular - entice", "*ʾet-ʾîšēk*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your husband", "*wə-yagged*": "conjunction wə- + Hiphil jussive 3rd masculine singular - that he may tell", "*lānû*": "preposition lə- + 1st common plural suffix - to us", "*ʾet-ha-ḥîdâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine singular - the riddle", "*pen-niśrōp̄*": "conjunction pen + Qal imperfect 1st common plural - lest we burn", "*ʾôtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*wə-ʾet-bêt*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - and house of", "*ʾābîk*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father", "*bā-ʾēš*": "preposition bə- + definite article + noun feminine singular - with the fire", "*ha-lə-yārəšēnû*": "interrogative particle + preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct with 1st common plural suffix - to impoverish us", "*qərāʾtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have invited", "*lānû*": "preposition lə- + 1st common plural suffix - to us", "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not?" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass", "*pattî*": "entice/persuade/seduce", "*yagged*": "may tell/should explain", "*niśrōp̄*": "we burn/we consume with fire", "*yārəšēnû*": "to impoverish us/to dispossess us", "*qərāʾtem*": "you have invited/you have called" } }
• Judg 16:22-30 : 22 { "verseID": "Judges.16.22", "source": "וַיָּ֧חֶל שְׂעַר־רֹאשׁ֛וֹ לְצַמֵּ֖חַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר גֻּלָּֽח׃ פ", "text": "And *ḥālal* *śēʿār*-of his *rōʾš* to *ṣāmaḥ* when he was *gālaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥālal*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - began", "*śēʿār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - hair", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - head", "*ṣāmaḥ*": "Piel infinitive construct - to grow, sprout", "*gālaḥ*": "Pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - was shaved" }, "variants": { "*ḥālal*": "began, started", "*ṣāmaḥ*": "to grow, sprout, spring up" } } 23 { "verseID": "Judges.16.23", "source": "וְסַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים נֶֽאֱסְפוּ֙ לִזְבֹּ֧חַ זֶֽבַח־גָּד֛וֹל לְדָג֥וֹן אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וּלְשִׂמְחָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נָתַ֤ן אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּיָדֵ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת שִׁמְשׁ֥וֹן אוֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *seren* of *Pᵉlištîm* *ʾāsap* to *zābaḥ* *zebaḥ*-*gādôl* to *Dāḡôn* their *ʾĕlōhîm* and for *śimḥâ*, and they *ʾāmar*, \"Our *ʾĕlōhîm* has *nātan* in our *yād* *ʾēt* *Šimšôn* our *ʾôyēb*.\"", "grammar": { "*seren*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lords, rulers (Philistine rulers)", "*Pᵉlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʾāsap*": "Niphal perfect 3rd common plural - were gathered", "*zābaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sacrifice", "*zebaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sacrifice", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great, large", "*Dāḡôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Dagon (deity)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - god, gods", "*śimḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - joy, gladness", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - said, spoke", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - god, gods", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave, delivered", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - hand", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*ʾôyēb*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - enemy" }, "variants": { "*seren*": "lords, rulers, axis-lords (title specific to Philistine rulers)", "*zebaḥ*-*gādôl*": "great sacrifice, large offering", "*śimḥâ*": "joy, gladness, rejoicing, celebration", "*nātan*": "gave, delivered, handed over" } } 24 { "verseID": "Judges.16.24", "source": "וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְהַלְל֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְר֗וּ נָתַ֨ן אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ בְיָדֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔נוּ וְאֵת֙ מַחֲרִ֣יב אַרְצֵ֔נוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִרְבָּ֖ה אֶת־חֲלָלֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And they *rāʾâ* him, the *ʿam*, and they *hālal* *ʾet*-their *ʾĕlōhîm*, for they *ʾāmar*, \"Our *ʾĕlōhîm* has *nātan* in our *yād* *ʾet*-our *ʾôyēb*, and *ʾēt* *ḥārab* of our *ʾereṣ*, and who *rābâ* *ʾet*-our *ḥālāl*.\"", "grammar": { "*rāʾâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - saw", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - people", "*hālal*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - praised", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - god, gods", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - said, spoke", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - god, gods", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave, delivered", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - hand", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾôyēb*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - enemy", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ḥārab*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular construct - destroyer", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - land", "*rābâ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - multiplied, increased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥālāl*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - slain, dead" }, "variants": { "*hālal*": "praised, celebrated, glorified", "*ʾôyēb*": "enemy, foe, adversary", "*ḥārab*": "destroyer, one who laid waste, devastator", "*rābâ*": "multiplied, increased, made great", "*ḥālāl*": "slain, dead, fallen ones" } } 25 { "verseID": "Judges.16.25", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ כְּט֣וֹב לִבָּ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ קִרְא֥וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן וִישַֽׂחֶק־לָ֑נוּ וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ לְשִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן מִבֵּ֣ית הָאֲסוּרִ֗ים וַיְצַחֵק֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲמִ֥ידוּ אוֹת֖וֹ בֵּ֥ין הָעַמּוּדִֽים׃", "text": "And it *hāyâ* when-*ṭôb* their *lēb*, and they *ʾāmar*, \"*qārāʾ* for *Šimšôn* and he will *śāḥaq*-for us.\" And they *qārāʾ* for *Šimšôn* from *bayit* of the *ʾāsîr*, and he *ṣāḥaq* before them, and they *ʿāmad* him between the *ʿammûd*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - was, happened", "*ṭôb*": "infinitive construct with preposition - good, merry", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - heart, mind", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - said, spoke", "*qārāʾ*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - call, summon", "*Šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*śāḥaq*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - entertain, amuse, make sport", "*qārāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - called, summoned", "*Šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house", "*ʾāsîr*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - prisoners, captives", "*ṣāḥaq*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - made sport, entertained", "*ʿāmad*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - caused to stand", "*ʿammûd*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - pillars, columns" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb* their *lēb*": "their heart was merry, they were in good spirits", "*śāḥaq*/*ṣāḥaq*": "make sport, entertain, amuse, jest, play, dance", "*ʾāsîr*": "prisoners, captives, those bound", "*ʿammûd*": "pillars, columns, posts" } } 26 { "verseID": "Judges.16.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן אֶל־הַנַּ֨עַר הַמַּחֲזִ֣יק בְּיָדוֹ֮ הַנִּ֣יחָה אוֹתִי֒ וַהֲמִשֵׁ֙נִי֙ אֶת־הָֽעַמֻּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַבַּ֖יִת נָכ֣וֹן עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶשָּׁעֵ֖ן עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾāmar* *Šimšôn* to-the *naʿar* the one *ḥāzaq* in his *yād*, \"*nûaḥ* me and *māšaš* me *ʾet*-the *ʿammûd* which the *bayit* is *kûn* upon them, and I will *šāʿan* upon them.\"", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - said, spoke", "*Šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - young man, boy, servant", "*ḥāzaq*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular with definite article - holding, grasping", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - hand", "*nûaḥ*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - let rest, leave", "*māšaš*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - let feel, let touch", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammûd*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - pillars, columns", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - house, building", "*kûn*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - established, fixed", "*šāʿan*": "Niphal imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - lean, support myself" }, "variants": { "*naʿar*": "young man, boy, servant, attendant", "*ḥāzaq*": "holding, grasping, taking hold of", "*nûaḥ*": "let rest, leave, release", "*māšaš*": "let feel, let touch, let me feel my way to", "*kûn*": "established, fixed, set, supported", "*šāʿan*": "lean, support myself, rest" } } 27 { "verseID": "Judges.16.27", "source": "וְהַבַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֤א הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וְהַנָּשִׁ֔ים וְשָׁ֕מָּה כֹּ֖ל סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַל־הַגָּ֗ג כִּשְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֔ה הָרֹאִ֖ים בִּשְׂח֥וֹק שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "*wə*-the-*bayit* *mālē* the-*ʾănāšîm* *wə*-the-*nāšîm*, *wə*-*šāmmâ* all *sarnê* *pəlištîm*; *wə*-upon-the-*gāg* about-*šəlōšet* *ʾălāpîm* *ʾîš* *wə*-*ʾiššâ* the-*rōʾîm* in-*śəḥôq* *šimšôn*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house/temple", "*mālē*": "masculine singular adjective - full/filled", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb with locative suffix - there", "*sarnê*": "construct state plural noun - lords/rulers", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*gāg*": "masculine singular noun - roof", "*šəlōšet*": "construct state numeral - three thousand", "*ʾălāpîm*": "masculine plural noun - thousands", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman", "*rōʾîm*": "masculine plural participle, Qal - seeing/watching", "*śəḥôq*": "masculine singular noun - sport/mockery", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun - Samson" }, "variants": { "*mālē*": "full/filled with", "*šāmmâ*": "there/at that place", "*sarnê*": "lords/tyrants/rulers", "*śəḥôq*": "sport/mockery/ridicule/entertainment" } } 28 { "verseID": "Judges.16.28", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֥א שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֡ה זָכְרֵ֣נִי נָא֩ וְחַזְּקֵ֨נִי נָ֜א אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֤עַם הַזֶּה֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה נְקַם־אַחַ֛ת מִשְּׁתֵ֥י עֵינַ֖י מִפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wa*-*yiqrā* *šimšôn* to-*YHWH* *wa*-*yōʾmar*: *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *zāḵrēnî* *nāʾ* *wə*-*ḥazzəqēnî* *nāʾ* *ʾaḵ* the-*paʿam* the-*zeh* *hā*-*ʾĕlōhîm*, *wə*-*ʾinnāqəmâ* *nəqam*-*ʾaḥat* from-*štê* *ʿênay* from-*pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yiqrā*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun - Samson", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*wa*-*yōʾmar*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*zāḵrēnî*": "imperative, Qal, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - remember me", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ḥazzəqēnî*": "imperative, Piel, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - strengthen me", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - only/just", "*paʿam*": "feminine singular noun - time/occasion", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*hā*-*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun (divine singular) - God", "*ʾinnāqəmâ*": "cohortative, Niphal, 1st person singular - that I may be avenged", "*nəqam*-*ʾaḥat*": "construct noun with feminine numeral - vengeance of one", "*štê*": "construct state dual numeral - two of", "*ʿênay*": "dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵ*": "only/just/surely", "*paʿam*": "time/occasion/instance", "*nəqam*-*ʾaḥat*": "one vengeance/single revenge/vengeance at once", "*ʾinnāqəmâ*": "that I may be avenged/let me take revenge" } } 29 { "verseID": "Judges.16.29", "source": "וַיִּלְפֹּ֨ת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ עַמּוּדֵ֣י הַתָּ֗וֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַבַּ֙יִת֙ נָכ֣וֹן עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּסָּמֵ֖ךְ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם אֶחָ֥ד בִּימִינ֖וֹ וְאֶחָ֥ד בִּשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa*-*yilpōt* *šimšôn* *ʾet*-*šənê* *ʿammûdê* the-*tāweḵ* *ʾăšer* the-*bayit* *nāḵôn* *ʿălêhem*, *wa*-*yissāmēḵ* *ʿălêhem*, *ʾeḥād* in-*yəmînô* *wə*-*ʾeḥād* in-*śəmōʾlô*.", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yilpōt*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he grasped", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun - Samson", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šənê*": "construct state dual numeral - two of", "*ʿammûdê*": "masculine plural construct noun - pillars of", "*tāweḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - middle", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - house/temple", "*nāḵôn*": "masculine singular adjective - established/fixed", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*wa*-*yissāmēḵ*": "consecutive imperfect, Niphal, 3rd masculine singular - and he leaned/supported himself", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral - one", "*yəmînô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*śəmōʾlô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his left hand" }, "variants": { "*yilpōt*": "grasped/seized/clasped", "*tāweḵ*": "middle/center", "*nāḵôn*": "established/fixed/supported", "*yissāmēḵ*": "leaned/braced himself/supported himself" } } 30 { "verseID": "Judges.16.30", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן תָּמ֣וֹת נַפְשִׁי֮ עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֒ וַיֵּ֣ט בְּכֹ֔חַ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל הַבַּ֙יִת֙ עַל־הַסְּרָנִ֔ים וְעַל־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ וַיִּהְי֤וּ הַמֵּתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵמִ֣ית בְּמוֹת֔וֹ רַבִּ֕ים מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵמִ֖ית בְּחַיָּֽיו׃", "text": "*wa*-*yōʾmer* *šimšôn*: *tāmôt* *napšî* with-*pəlištîm*. *wa*-*yēṭ* in-*kōaḥ*, *wa*-*yippōl* the-*bayit* upon-the-*sərānîm* *wə*-upon-all-the-*ʿām* *ʾăšer*-in-it. *wa*-*yihyû* the-*mētîm* *ʾăšer* *hēmît* in-*môtô* *rabbîm* from-*ʾăšer* *hēmît* in-*ḥayyāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun - Samson", "*tāmôt*": "imperfect, Qal, 3rd feminine singular jussive - let die", "*napšî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*wa*-*yēṭ*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he bent/pushed", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - strength/power", "*wa*-*yippōl*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and fell", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - house/temple", "*sərānîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - lords/rulers", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*wa*-*yihyû*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - and they were", "*mētîm*": "masculine plural adjective with definite article - the dead", "*hēmît*": "perfect, Hiphil, 3rd masculine singular - he killed", "*môtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his death", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*ḥayyāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life" }, "variants": { "*tāmôt*": "let die/may die", "*napšî*": "my soul/my life/myself", "*yēṭ*": "bent/pushed/extended", "*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might", "*sərānîm*": "lords/rulers/tyrants", "*hēmît*": "killed/caused to die/put to death" } }
• Judg 18:22-31 : 22 { "verseID": "Judges.18.22", "source": "הֵ֥מָּה הִרְחִ֖יקוּ מִבֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֑ה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עִם־בֵּ֣ית מִיכָ֔ה נִֽזְעֲק֔וּ וַיַּדְבִּ֖יקוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָֽן׃", "text": "They *hirḥîqû* from-house of *mîkâ*, and the *hāʾănāšîm* who in-the houses which with-house of *mîkâ* *nizʿăqû* and *wayyadbîqû* *ʾet*-sons-of-*dān*.", "grammar": { "*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural, independent pronoun - they", "*hirḥîqû*": "3rd masculine plural, hiphil perfect - they had gone far/distanced", "*mîkâ*": "proper noun - Micah", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite, masculine plural noun - the men", "*babbāttîm*": "definite, masculine plural noun - in the houses", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*nizʿăqû*": "3rd masculine plural, niphal perfect - were called together/assembled", "*wayyadbîqû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, hiphil imperfect - they overtook/caught up with", "*bĕnê-dān*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Dan" }, "variants": { "*hirḥîqû*": "had gone far/distanced themselves/moved away", "*nizʿăqû*": "were called together/assembled/gathered", "*wayyadbîqû*": "overtook/caught up with/pursued closely" } } 23 { "verseID": "Judges.18.23", "source": "וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן וַיַּסֵּ֖בּוּ פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְמִיכָ֔ה מַה־לְּךָ֖ כִּ֥י נִזְעָֽקְתָּ׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrĕʾû* to-sons-of-*dān* and *wayyassēbbû* their faces and *wayyōʾmĕrû* to-*mîkâ*, what-to-you that *nizʿāqtā*?", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrĕʾû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they called", "*bĕnê-dān*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Dan", "*wayyassēbbû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, hiphil imperfect - they turned around", "*pĕnêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they said", "*mîkâ*": "proper noun - Micah", "*mah-lĕkā*": "interrogative + preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - what to you/what ails you", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*nizʿāqtā*": "2nd masculine singular, niphal perfect - you have been called together/assembled" }, "variants": { "*wayyassēbbû pĕnêhem*": "they turned their faces/they turned around", "*mah-lĕkā*": "what is wrong with you/what troubles you/what do you want", "*nizʿāqtā*": "you have gathered (people)/you have assembled/you have raised an alarm" } } 24 { "verseID": "Judges.18.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֡אמֶר אֶת־אֱלֹהַי֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֨יתִי לְקַחְתֶּ֧ם וְֽאֶת־הַכֹּהֵ֛ן וַתֵּלְכ֖וּ וּמַה־לִּ֣י ע֑וֹד וּמַה־זֶּ֛ה תֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלַ֖י מַה־לָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, *ʾet*-my *ʾĕlōhay* which-*ʿāśîtî* *lĕqaḥtem* and *ʾet*-the *hakkōhēn* and *wattēlĕkû*, and what-to-me still? And what-this *tōʾmĕrû* to-me what-to-you?", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular, qal imperfect - he said", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun + 1st singular suffix - my gods", "*ʿāśîtî*": "1st singular, qal perfect - I made", "*lĕqaḥtem*": "2nd masculine plural, qal perfect - you have taken", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite, masculine singular noun - the priest", "*wattēlĕkû*": "waw-consecutive + 2nd masculine plural, qal imperfect - and you went", "*mah-llî*": "interrogative + preposition + 1st singular suffix - what to me", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/more", "*mah-zzeh*": "interrogative + demonstrative - what this", "*tōʾmĕrû*": "2nd masculine plural, qal imperfect - you say", "*mah-llāk*": "interrogative + preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - what to you" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my gods/my divine objects/my idols", "*mah-llî ʿôd*": "what more do I have/what is left to me/what remains to me", "*mah-zzeh tōʾmĕrû ʾēlay mah-llāk*": "how can you say to me 'what is wrong with you?'" } } 25 { "verseID": "Judges.18.25", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן אַל־תַּשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלְךָ֖ עִמָּ֑נוּ פֶּֽן־יִפְגְּע֣וּ בָכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁים֙ מָ֣רֵי נֶ֔פֶשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֥ה נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmĕrû* to-him sons-of-*dān*, do-not *tašmaʿ* your voice with-us, lest-*yipgĕʿû* against-you *ʾănāšîm* *mārê* *nepeš* and *wĕʾāsaptâ* your *napšĕkā* and *nepeš* your house.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they said", "*bĕnê-dān*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Dan", "*ʾal-tašmaʿ*": "negative particle + 2nd masculine singular, hiphil jussive - do not let be heard", "*qôlĕkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your voice", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - with us", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yipgĕʿû*": "3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they will meet/attack", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*mārê*": "masculine plural construct, adjective - bitter of", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/life/person", "*wĕʾāsaptâ*": "waw-conjunction + 2nd masculine singular, qal perfect - and you will gather/lose", "*napšĕkā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul/life", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular construct - soul/life of", "*bêtekā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your house/household" }, "variants": { "*ʾal-tašmaʿ qôlĕkā*": "do not let your voice be heard/do not speak up/be quiet", "*pen-yipgĕʿû bākem*": "lest they attack you/lest they fall upon you", "*ʾănāšîm mārê nepeš*": "men bitter of spirit/angry men/men with fierce tempers", "*wĕʾāsaptâ napšĕkā*": "you will lose your life/you will die/your life will be taken", "*nepeš bêtekā*": "lives of your household/lives of your family members" } } 26 { "verseID": "Judges.18.26", "source": "וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְנֵי־דָ֖ן לְדַרְכָּ֑ם וַיַּ֣רְא מִיכָ֗ה כִּי־חֲזָקִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וַיִּ֖פֶן וַיָּ֥שָׁב אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyēlĕkû* sons-of-*dān* to-their way, and *wayyarʾ* *mîkâ* that-*ḥăzāqîm* they from-him, and *wayyipen* and *wayyāšāb* to-his house.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlĕkû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they went", "*bĕnê-dān*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Dan", "*lĕdarkām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to their way", "*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular, qal imperfect - he saw", "*mîkâ*": "proper noun - Micah", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ḥăzāqîm*": "masculine plural adjective - strong", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural, independent pronoun - they", "*mimmenû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him", "*wayyipen*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular, qal imperfect - he turned", "*wayyāšāb*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular, qal imperfect - he returned", "*ʾel-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his house" }, "variants": { "*lĕdarkām*": "to their way/on their journey/to their destination", "*ḥăzāqîm hēmmâ mimmenû*": "they were stronger than he/they were too powerful for him", "*wayyipen wayyāšāb*": "he turned and returned/he turned back/he went back" } } 27 { "verseID": "Judges.18.27", "source": "וְהֵ֨מָּה לָקְח֜וּ אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מִיכָ֗ה וְֽאֶת־הַכֹּהֵן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָה־לוֹ֒ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ עַל־לַ֗יִשׁ עַל־עַם֙ שֹׁקֵ֣ט וּבֹטֵ֔חַ וַיַּכּ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖ם לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And they *lāqĕḥû* *ʾēt* which-*ʿāśâ* *mîkâ* and *ʾet*-the *hakkōhēn* who was-to-him, and *wayyābōʾû* against-*layiš* against-*ʿam* *šōqēṭ* and *bōṭēaḥ* and *wayyakkû* them to-*pî*-*ḥāreb* and *ʾet*-the city *śārĕpû* in-the fire.", "grammar": { "*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural, independent pronoun - they", "*lāqĕḥû*": "3rd masculine plural, qal perfect - they took", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿāśâ*": "3rd masculine singular, qal perfect - he made", "*mîkâ*": "proper noun - Micah", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite, masculine singular noun - the priest", "*hāyâ-lô*": "3rd masculine singular, qal perfect + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - was to him", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they came", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/to", "*layiš*": "proper noun - Laish", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*šōqēṭ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - quiet/at rest", "*bōṭēaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - trusting/secure", "*wayyakkû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, hiphil imperfect - they struck", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lĕpî-ḥāreb*": "preposition + construct + noun - with edge of sword", "*hāʿîr*": "definite, feminine singular noun - the city", "*śārĕpû*": "3rd masculine plural, qal perfect - they burned", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite, feminine singular noun - in the fire" }, "variants": { "*ʾēt ʾăšer-ʿāśâ mîkâ*": "what Micah had made/the things Micah created", "*ʿam šōqēṭ ûbōṭēaḥ*": "quiet and secure people/peaceful and unsuspecting people", "*wayyakkû ʾôtām lĕpî-ḥāreb*": "struck them with the edge of the sword/killed them by the sword", "*śārĕpû bāʾēš*": "burned with fire/set on fire" } } 28 { "verseID": "Judges.18.28", "source": "וְאֵ֨ין מַצִ֜יל כִּ֧י רְֽחוֹקָה־הִ֣יא מִצִּיד֗וֹן וְדָבָ֤ר אֵין־לָהֶם֙ עִם־אָדָ֔ם וְהִ֕יא בָּעֵ֖מֶק אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבֵית־רְח֑וֹב וַיִּבְנ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾên maṣṣîl kî rəḥôqāh-hîʾ miṣṣîdôn wə-dābār ʾên-lāhem ʿim-ʾādām wə-hîʾ bāʿêmeq ʾăšer ləbêt-rəḥôb wayyibnû ʾet-hāʿîr wayyêšəbû bāh.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there was no", "*maṣṣîl*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - one delivering/rescuing", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rəḥôqāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - far/distant", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - it/she", "*miṣṣîdôn*": "preposition + proper noun - from Sidon", "*wə-dābār*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and thing/word/matter", "*ʾên-lāhem*": "negative particle + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - there was not to them", "*ʿim-ʾādām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with man/people", "*wə-hîʾ*": "conjunction + pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - and it/she", "*bāʿêmeq*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the valley", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*ləbêt-rəḥôb*": "preposition + noun construct + proper noun - to/for Beth-rehob", "*wayyibnû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they built", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*wayyêšəbû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they dwelt", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*maṣṣîl*": "deliverer/rescuer/one who saves", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/relationship", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person/people", "*ʿêmeq*": "valley/plain/lowland" } } 29 { "verseID": "Judges.18.29", "source": "וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ שֵׁם־הָעִיר֙ דָּ֔ן בְּשֵׁם֙ דָּ֣ן אֲבִיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוּלַּ֖ד לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאוּלָ֛ם לַ֥יִשׁ שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר לָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyiqrəʾû šêm-hāʿîr dān bəšêm dān ʾăbîhem ʾăšer yûllad ləyiśrāʾêl wə-ʾûlām layiš šêm-hāʿîr lāriʾšōnāh.*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they called", "*šêm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*dān*": "proper noun - Dan", "*bəšêm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - by/with name of", "*ʾăbîhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their father", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*yûllad*": "Pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - was born", "*ləyiśrāʾêl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Israel", "*wə-ʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however", "*layiš*": "proper noun - Laish", "*šêm-hāʿîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - name of the city", "*lāriʾšōnāh*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, feminine singular - at the first/formerly" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾ*": "to call/name/proclaim", "*šêm*": "name/reputation/character", "*yûllad*": "was born/was brought forth", "*ʾûlām*": "however/but/indeed", "*riʾšōnāh*": "first/former/beginning" } } 30 { "verseID": "Judges.18.30", "source": "וַיָּקִ֧ימוּ לָהֶ֛ם בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן אֶת־הַפָּ֑סֶל וִ֠יהוֹנָתָן בֶּן־גֵּרְשֹׁ֨ם בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה ה֣וּא וּבָנָ֗יו הָי֤וּ כֹהֲנִים֙ לְשֵׁ֣בֶט הַדָּנִ֔י עַד־י֖וֹם גְּל֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wayyāqîmû lāhem bənê-dān ʾet-happāsel wîhônātān ben-gêršōm ben-mənaššeh hûʾ ûbānāyw hāyû kōhănîm ləšêbeṭ haddānî ʿad-yôm gəlôt hāʾāreṣ.*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqîmû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they set up", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*dān*": "proper noun - Dan", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*happāsel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the carved image/idol", "*wîhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*gêršōm*": "proper noun - Gershom", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*mənaššeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*ûbānāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his sons", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - were", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*ləšêbeṭ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to/for tribe of", "*haddānî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Danite", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*gəlôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - exiling/captivity of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land" }, "variants": { "*qûm*": "to set up/establish/raise", "*pāsel*": "carved image/idol/graven image", "*kōhēn*": "priest/minister", "*šêbeṭ*": "tribe/rod/scepter", "*gəlôt*": "exile/captivity/removal" } } 31 { "verseID": "Judges.18.31", "source": "וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל מִיכָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה כָּל־יְמֵ֛י הֱי֥וֹת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּשִׁלֹֽה׃ פ", "text": "*wayyāśîmû lāhem ʾet-pesel mîkāh ʾăšer ʿāśāh kol-yəmê hĕyôt bêt-hāʾĕlōhîm bəšilōh.*", "grammar": { "*wayyāśîmû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they set up", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pesel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carved image of", "*mîkāh*": "proper noun - Micah", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*hĕyôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - being of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the God/gods", "*bəšilōh*": "preposition + proper noun - in Shiloh" }, "variants": { "*śîm*": "to set/place/put/establish", "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/graven image", "*ʿāśāh*": "to make/do/fashion", "*yôm*": "day/time/period", "*hĕyôt*": "being/existing/duration", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*בְּשִׁלֹֽה*": "in Shiloh (location)" } }