Isaiah 25:11

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.25.11", "source": "וּפֵרַ֤שׂ יָדָיו֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְפָרֵ֥שׂ הַשֹּׂחֶ֖ה לִשְׂח֑וֹת וְהִשְׁפִּיל֙ גַּֽאֲוָת֔וֹ עִ֖ם אָרְבּ֥וֹת יָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*ûpēraś* *yādāyw* in-*qirbô* like-which *yĕpārēś* the-*śōḥeh* to-*śĕḥôt* *wĕhišpîl* *gaʾăwātô* with *ʾarbôt* *yādāyw*", "grammar": { "*ûpēraś*": "conjunction with verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will spread out", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*qirbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his midst", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction - as, like", "*yĕpārēś*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - spreads out", "*śōḥeh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - swimmer", "*śĕḥôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to swim", "*wĕhišpîl*": "conjunction with verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will bring low", "*gaʾăwātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pride", "*ʾarbôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ambushes, schemes, crafts", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands" }, "variants": { "*pēraś yādāyw bĕqirbô*": "he will spread out his hands in his midst", "*kaʾăšer yĕpārēś haśśōḥeh liśĕḥôt*": "as a swimmer spreads out to swim", "*hišpîl gaʾăwātô*": "he will bring low his pride", "*ʾarbôt yādāyw*": "the skill/crafts of his hands, the movements of his hands" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וּפֵרַ֤שׂ יָדָיו֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יְפָרֵ֥שׂ הַשֹּׂחֶ֖ה לִשְׂח֑וֹת וְהִשְׁפִּיל֙ גַּֽאֲוָת֔וֹ עִ֖ם אָרְבּ֥וֹת יָדָֽיו׃

Transliteration

ûpēraś yādāyw in-qirbô like-which yĕpārēś the-śōḥeh to-śĕḥôt wĕhišpîl gaʾăwātô with ʾarbôt yādāyw

Grammar Details

• *ûpēraś*: conjunction with verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will spread out
• *yādāyw*: noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands
• *qirbô*: noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his midst
• *kaʾăšer*: conjunction - as, like
• *yĕpārēś*: verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - spreads out
• *śōḥeh*: participle, qal active, masculine singular - swimmer
• *śĕḥôt*: verb, qal infinitive construct - to swim
• *wĕhišpîl*: conjunction with verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will bring low
• *gaʾăwātô*: noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pride
• *ʾarbôt*: noun, feminine plural construct - ambushes, schemes, crafts

Word Meanings

• *pēraś yādāyw bĕqirbô*: he will spread out his hands in his midst
• *kaʾăšer yĕpārēś haśśōḥeh liśĕḥôt*: as a swimmer spreads out to swim
• *hišpîl gaʾăwātô*: he will bring low his pride
• *ʾarbôt yādāyw*: the skill/crafts of his hands, the movements of his hands

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They will spread out their hands in it, as a swimmer spreads out his hands to swim. But God will bring down their pride despite the skill of their hands.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And He will stretch forth His hands in their midst, as he who swims spreads his hands to swim; and He will bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst thereof, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim; but Jehovah will lay low his pride together with the craft of his hands.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For he shal stretch out his hodes vpon him, like as a swimmer doth to swymme. And wt the power of his hondes shal he cast downe his hie pompe.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And he shall stretche out his hande in the middes of them (as he that swimmeth, stretcheth them out to swimme) and with the strength of his handes shall he bring downe their pride.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he shall stretche out his hande in the middes of them, as he that swimmeth casteth out his hands to swimme: and with the strength of his handes shall he bring downe their pryde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth [his hands] to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He shall spread forth his hands in the midst of it, as he who swims spreads forth [his hands] to swim; but [Yahweh] will lay low his pride together with the craft of his hands.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And he spread out his hands in its midst, As spread out doth the swimmer to swim; And He hath humbled his excellency With the machinations of his hands.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst thereof, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth `his hands' to swim; but `Jehovah' will lay low his pride together with the craft of his hands.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst thereof, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth [his hands] to swim; but [Jehovah] will lay low his pride [ together with the craft of his hands.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And if he puts out his hands, like a man stretching out his hands in swimming, the Lord will make low his pride, however expert his designs.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He will spread out his hands in its midst, like one who swims spreads out hands to swim, but his pride will be humbled together with the craft of his hands.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Moab will spread out its hands in the middle of it, just as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim; the LORD will bring down Moab’s pride as it spreads its hands.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 14:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.26", "source": "זֹ֛את הָעֵצָ֥ה הַיְּעוּצָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְזֹ֛את הַיָּ֥ד הַנְּטוּיָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "This the-*ʿēṣāh* the-*yǝʿûṣāh* upon-all-the-*ʾāreṣ*; and-this the-*yād* the-*nǝṭûyāh* upon-all-the-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēṣāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the purpose/plan", "*yǝʿûṣāh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular with definite article - the purposed/planned", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*yād*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the hand", "*nǝṭûyāh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular with definite article - the stretched out", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣāh*": "purpose/plan/counsel", "*yǝʿûṣāh*": "purposed/planned/determined", "*yād*": "hand/power/might", "*nǝṭûyāh*": "stretched out/extended/reached out" } }
• Isa 5:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.25", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֡ן חָרָה֩ אַף־יְהוָ֨ה בְּעַמּ֜וֹ וַיֵּ֣ט יָד֧וֹ עָלָ֣יו וַיַּכֵּ֗הוּ וַֽיִּרְגְּזוּ֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וַתְּהִ֧י נִבְלָתָ֛ם כַּסּוּחָ֖ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב חוּצ֑וֹת בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃", "text": "Because of *ʿal*-this *kēn* the *ḥārâ* *ʾap*-*YHWH* against his *bəʿammô* and he *wayyēṭ* his *yādô* against him and *wayyakkēhû*; and *wayyirgəzû* the *hehārîm*, and their *watəhî* *niblātām* like *kassûḥâ* in the *bəqereb* of the *ḥûṣôt*. For all *bəkāl*-this his *ʾappô* is not *lōʾ*-*šāb*, and still his *yādô* is *nəṭûyâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ḥārâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has burned", "*ʾap*": "masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəʿammô*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his people", "*wayyēṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and he stretched out", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyakkēhû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he struck him", "*wayyirgəzû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and they trembled", "*hehārîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the mountains", "*watəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav consecutive - and became", "*niblātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their corpses", "*kassûḥâ*": "preposition with definite article with feminine singular noun - like refuse", "*bəqereb*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ḥûṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - streets", "*bəkāl*": "preposition with noun construct - in all", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has turned", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*wəʿôd*": "conjunction with adverb - and still", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*nəṭûyâ*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - stretched out" }, "variants": { "*ʾap*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*sûḥâ*": "refuse/garbage/sweepings", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/open areas", "*nəṭûyâ*": "stretched out/extended/reaching" } }
• Isa 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.11", "source": "עֵינֵ֞י גַּבְה֤וּת אָדָם֙ שָׁפֵ֔ל וְשַׁ֖ח ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא׃ ס", "text": "*ʿÊnê* *gabhût* *ʾādām* *šāpēl*, and-*šaḥ* *rûm* *ʾănāšîm*, and-*niśgab* *YHWH* to-*badô* in-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*gabhût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*šāpēl*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - are humbled/brought low", "*wə-šaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - haughtiness/pride of", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men/people", "*wə-niśgab*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and is exalted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lə-badô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - alone/by himself", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*ʿênê gabhût*": "haughty eyes/proud looks", "*šāpēl*": "humbled/brought low/abased", "*šaḥ*": "bowed down/humbled/brought low", "*rûm*": "haughtiness/pride/exaltation", "*niśgab*": "exalted/lifted high/elevated", "*badô*": "alone/by himself/only", "*yôm ha-hûʾ*": "that day/the day/the appointed time" } }
• Isa 16:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.16.6", "source": "שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ גְאוֹן־מוֹאָ֖ב גֵּ֣א מְאֹ֑ד גַּאֲוָת֧וֹ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ לֹא־כֵ֥ן בַּדָּֽיו", "text": "*šāmaʿnû* *gəʾôn*-*môʾāb* *gēʾ* very *gaʾăwātô* *ûgəʾônô* *wəʿebrātô* not-so *baddāyw*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st plural - we have heard", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pride of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*gēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud", "*gaʾăwātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrogance", "*ûgəʾônô*": "conjunction ו + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his pride", "*wəʿebrātô*": "conjunction ו + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his fury", "*baddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his boasts/empty talk" }, "variants": { "*gēʾ məʾōd*": "exceedingly proud/very haughty", "*gaʾăwātô*": "his arrogance/his pride/his haughtiness", "*gəʾônô*": "his pride/his majesty/his exaltation", "*ʿebrātô*": "his fury/his wrath/his insolence", "*baddāyw*": "his boasts/his lies/his empty talk" } }
• Isa 16:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.16.14", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ בְּשָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ כִּשְׁנֵ֣י שָׂכִ֔יר וְנִקְלָה֙ כְּב֣וֹד מוֹאָ֔ב בְּכֹ֖ל הֶהָמ֣וֹן הָרָ֑ב וּשְׁאָ֥ר מְעַ֛ט מִזְעָ֖ר ל֥וֹא כַבִּֽיר", "text": "*wəʿattāh* *dibbēr* *Yhwh* *lēʾmōr* in-*šālōš* *šānîm* as-years-of *śākîr* *wəniqlāh* *kəbôd* *môʾāb* with-all the-*hāmôn* the-great and-*šəʾār* *məʿaṭ* *mizʿār* not *kabbîr*", "grammar": { "*wəʿattāh*": "conjunction ו + adverb - and now", "*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šālōš*": "number, feminine - three", "*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years", "*śākîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired worker", "*wəniqlāh*": "conjunction ו + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will be dishonored", "*kəbôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the multitude/abundance", "*šəʾār*": "noun, masculine singular - remnant/remainder", "*məʿaṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - few/small", "*mizʿār*": "adjective, masculine singular - very small/insignificant", "*kabbîr*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty/great" }, "variants": { "*šənê śākîr*": "years of a hired worker (precise/exact years)", "*niqlāh*": "will be dishonored/will be brought into contempt/will be lightly esteemed", "*kəbôd môʾāb*": "glory of Moab/splendor of Moab/wealth of Moab", "*hāmôn*": "multitude/abundance/wealth/noise", "*məʿaṭ mizʿār*": "very few/small and insignificant", "*lōʾ kabbîr*": "not mighty/not many/not great/feeble" } }
• Isa 25:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.25.5", "source": "כְּחֹ֣רֶב בְּצָי֔וֹן שְׁא֥וֹן זָרִ֖ים תַּכְנִ֑יעַ חֹ֚רֶב בְּצֵ֣ל עָ֔ב זְמִ֥יר עָֽרִיצִ֖ים יַעֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "Like-*ḥōreb* in-*ṣāyôn* *šĕʾôn* *zārîm* *taknîaʿ* *ḥōreb* in-*ṣēl* *ʿāb* *zĕmîr* *ʿārîṣîm* *yaʿăneh*", "grammar": { "*ḥōreb*": "noun, masculine singular - heat, drought", "*ṣāyôn*": "noun, proper name - Zion", "*šĕʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - noise, tumult, roar", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers, foreigners", "*taknîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you subdue, bring low", "*ḥōreb*": "noun, masculine singular - heat, drought", "*ṣēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shadow, shade", "*ʿāb*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud, dark cloud", "*zĕmîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - song, music", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - ruthless, terrible", "*yaʿăneh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will answer, respond" }, "variants": { "*kĕḥōreb bĕṣāyôn*": "like heat in a dry land/place", "*šĕʾôn zārîm*": "tumult/uproar of strangers/foreigners", "*taknîaʿ*": "you subdue, you bring low", "*ḥōreb bĕṣēl ʿāb*": "heat [is subdued] by the shadow of a cloud", "*zĕmîr ʿārîṣîm yaʿăneh*": "song of the ruthless is answered/silenced" } }
• Isa 53:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.53.12", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן אֲחַלֶּק־ל֣וֹ בָרַבִּ֗ים וְאֶת־עֲצוּמִים֮ יְחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָל֒ תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱרָ֤ה לַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים נִמְנָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ חֵטְא־רַבִּ֣ים נָשָׂ֔א וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃", "text": "Therefore I will *ʾaḥalleq* to him in the *rabbim*, and *ʾet*-*ʿatsumim* he will *yeḥalleq* *shalal*, because *ʾasher* he *heʿerah* to the *mawet* his *naphsho*, and *ʾet*-*posheʿim* he was *nimnah*, and he *ḥet*-*rabbim* *nasaʾ*, and for the *posheʿim* he *yaphgiaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*laken*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*ʾaḥalleq-lo*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will divide/assign to him", "*va-rabbim*": "preposition with definite article and masculine plural adjective - among the many", "*we-ʾet-ʿatsumim*": "conjunction, direct object marker with masculine plural adjective - and the strong/mighty", "*yeḥalleq*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will divide/distribute", "*shalal*": "masculine singular noun - spoil/plunder", "*taḥat*": "preposition - because/instead of", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*heʿerah*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he poured out", "*la-mawet*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular noun - to the death", "*naphsho*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/life", "*we-ʾet-posheʿim*": "conjunction, direct object marker with masculine plural participle - and with transgressors", "*nimnah*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was numbered/counted", "*we-huʾ*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*ḥet-rabbim*": "masculine singular construct with masculine plural adjective - sin of many", "*nasaʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - bore/carried", "*we-la-posheʿim*": "conjunction, preposition with definite article and masculine plural participle - and for the transgressors", "*yaphgiaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he intercedes/intervenes" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥalleq*": "I will divide/I will assign/I will apportion", "*rabbim*": "many/great ones/multitude", "*ʿatsumim*": "strong ones/mighty ones/numerous ones", "*yeḥalleq*": "he will divide/he will distribute/he will share", "*shalal*": "spoil/plunder/booty", "*heʿerah*": "poured out/laid bare/exposed", "*mawet*": "death", "*naphsho*": "his soul/his life/himself", "*posheʿim*": "transgressors/rebels/sinners", "*nimnah*": "was numbered/was counted/was assigned", "*ḥet*": "sin/offense/guilt", "*nasaʾ*": "bore/carried/lifted", "*yaphgiaʿ*": "intercedes/intervenes/makes intercession/entreats" } }
• Isa 65:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.65.2", "source": "פֵּרַ֧שְׂתִּי יָדַ֛י כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־עַ֣ם סוֹרֵ֑ר הַהֹלְכִים֙ הַדֶּ֣רֶךְ לֹא־ט֔וֹב אַחַ֖ר מַחְשְׁבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*peraśti* *yaday* all-the-*yom* to-*ʿam* *sorer* the-*holkhim* the-*derekh* not-*tov* after *mahshevoteyhem*", "grammar": { "*peraśti*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular - I have spread out", "*yaday*": "noun dual with 1st person singular suffix - my hands", "*yom*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*sorer*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*holkhim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - walking/going", "*derekh*": "feminine singular noun - way/path/road", "*tov*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*mahshevoteyhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their thoughts/plans" }, "variants": { "*peraśti*": "I spread out/stretched out/extended", "*yaday*": "my hands/my power", "*yom*": "day/time/period", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*sorer*": "rebellious/stubborn/disobedient", "*holkhim*": "walking/going/proceeding", "*derekh*": "way/path/road/journey", "*tov*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*mahshevoteyhem*": "their thoughts/plans/devices/imaginations" } }
• Jer 48:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.29", "source": "שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ גְאוֹן־מוֹאָ֖ב גֵּאֶ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד גָּבְה֧וֹ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ וְגַאֲוָת֖וֹ וְרֻ֥ם לִבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šāmaʿnû* *geʾôn-mōʾāb* *gēʾeh* *meʾōd* *gābhô* and *ûgeʾônô* and *wegaʾawātô* and *werum* *libbô*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st common plural - we have heard", "*geʾôn-mōʾāb*": "compound noun - pride of Moab", "*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud", "*meʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*gābhô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his height/exaltation", "*ûgeʾônô*": "noun with possessive suffix and waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and his pride", "*wegaʾawātô*": "noun with possessive suffix and waw-consecutive, feminine singular - and his arrogance", "*werum*": "noun with waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and haughtiness of", "*libbô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his heart" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard/we heard", "*geʾôn*": "pride/majesty/excellence", "*gēʾeh*": "proud/lofty/exalted", "*gābhô*": "his height/loftiness/exaltation", "*geʾônô*": "his pride/majesty/excellence", "*gaʾawātô*": "his arrogance/haughtiness/exaltation", "*rum*": "haughtiness/height/exaltation", "*libbô*": "his heart/mind/inner self" } }
• Jer 48:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.42", "source": "וְנִשְׁמַ֥ד מוֹאָ֖ב מֵעָ֑ם כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּֽיל׃", "text": "And *nishəmad* *Môʾāb* from *ʿām* because against *YHWH* *higədîl*.", "grammar": { "*nishəmad*": "3rd person masculine singular Niphal perfect - is destroyed/exterminated", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*higədîl*": "3rd person masculine singular Hiphil perfect - he magnified/boasted" }, "variants": { "*nishəmad*": "is destroyed/is annihilated/ceases to exist as", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/populated place", "*higədîl*": "magnified himself/boasted/exalted himself" } }
• Jer 50:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.31", "source": "הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃", "text": "Behold I against you *zadon* *nəʾum*-*ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* for *baʾ* *yomkha* *ʿet* *pəqadticha*.", "grammar": { "*hinni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold I", "*ʾeleycha*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you", "*zadon*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/insolent one", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come", "*yomkha*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your day", "*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*pəqadticha*": "infinitive construct + 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - my punishment of you" }, "variants": { "*zadon*": "proud one/insolent one/presumptuous one", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*baʾ*": "has come/arrived/reached", "*pəqadticha*": "my punishment of you/my visitation upon you" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.32", "source": "וְכָשַׁ֤ל זָדוֹן֙ וְנָפַ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ מֵקִ֑ים וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And *kāšal* *zādôn* and *nāpal*, and *ʾên* to-him *mēqîm*; and *hiṣṣattî* *ʾēš* in-*ʿārāyw*, and *ʾāklâ* all-*sĕbîbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*kāšal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stumble/stagger", "*zādôn*": "masculine singular noun - pride/presumption/arrogance", "*nāpal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fall/be cast down", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who raises up/helper", "*hiṣṣattî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will kindle/set on fire", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʿārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities", "*ʾāklâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will consume/devour", "*kāl*": "construct noun - all of", "*sĕbîbōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his surroundings/environs" }, "variants": { "*kāšal*": "stumble/stagger/totter/fall", "*zādôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption", "*nāpal*": "fall/be cast down/fail", "*mēqîm*": "one who raises up/helper/supporter", "*hiṣṣattî*": "I will kindle/set ablaze/ignite", "*ʾāklâ*": "consume/devour/eat up" } }
• Jer 51:44 : 44 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.44", "source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עַל־בֵּ֜ל בְּבָבֶ֗ל וְהֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶת־בִּלְעוֹ֙ מִפִּ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יִנְהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו ע֖וֹד גּוֹיִ֑ם גַּם־חוֹמַ֥ת בָּבֶ֖ל נָפָֽלָה", "text": "And-*pāqadtî* against-*Bēl* in-*Bābel* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-*bilʿô* from-*pîw* and-not-*yinhărû* to-him again *gôyîm* also-*ḥômat* *Bābel* *nāpālāh*", "grammar": { "*pāqadtî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I will punish/visit", "*Bēl*": "proper noun - Bel (Babylonian deity)", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will bring out", "*bilʿô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - what he has swallowed", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*yinhărû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will flow", "*gôyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*ḥômat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wall of", "*nāpālāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she has fallen" }, "variants": { "*pāqadtî*": "I will punish/I will visit/I will attend to", "*bilʿô*": "what he has swallowed/his prey/what he has devoured", "*yinhărû*": "they will flow/they will stream/they will go in procession", "*ḥômat*": "wall of/rampart of/fortification of" } }
• Col 2:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Colossians.2.15", "source": "Ἀπεκδυσάμενος τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας, ἐδειγμάτισεν ἐν παρρησίᾳ, θριαμβεύσας αὐτοὺς ἐν αὐτῷ.", "text": "Having *apekdysamenos* the *archas* and the *exousias*, he *edeigmatisen* in *parrēsia*, having *thriambeusas* them in him.", "grammar": { "*apekdysamenos*": "aorist middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having stripped off/disarmed", "*archas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - rulers/principalities/authorities", "*exousias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - authorities/powers", "*edeigmatisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he made public example/exposed", "*parrēsia*": "dative, feminine, singular - boldness/openness/public view", "*thriambeusas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having triumphed over/led in triumph" }, "variants": { "*apekdysamenos*": "stripped off/disarmed/divested himself of", "*archas*": "rulers/principalities/authorities/powers", "*exousias*": "authorities/powers/jurisdictions", "*edeigmatisen*": "made public example/exposed/displayed", "*parrēsia*": "boldness/openness/public view/publicity", "*thriambeusas*": "triumphed over/led in triumph as in a procession" } }
• Jas 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "James.4.6", "source": "Μείζονα δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν. Διὸ λέγει, Ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν.", "text": "*Meizona de didōsin charin*. Therefore it *legei*, The *Theos hyperēphanois antitassetai*, to *tapeinois de didōsin charin*.", "grammar": { "*Meizona*": "accusative, feminine/masculine/neuter, singular, comparative - greater", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*didōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives/grants", "*charin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - grace/favor", "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*hyperēphanois*": "dative, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant", "*antitassetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - opposes/resists", "*tapeinois*": "dative, masculine, plural - humble/lowly", "*didōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives/grants" }, "variants": { "*Meizona*": "greater/larger/more", "*didōsin*": "gives/grants/bestows", "*charin*": "grace/favor/kindness", "*legei*": "says/speaks/tells", "*hyperēphanois*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*antitassetai*": "opposes/resists/sets himself against", "*tapeinois*": "humble/lowly/poor" } }
• Rev 18:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.6", "source": "Ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν ὑμῖν, καὶ διπλώσατε αὐτῇ διπλᾶ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῆς: ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν.", "text": "*Apodote* to her as also she *apedōken* to you, and *diplōsate* to her *dipla* according to the *erga* of her: in the *potēriō* which she *ekerasen* *kerasate* to her *diploun*.", "grammar": { "*apodote*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - give back/repay/render", "*autē*": "personal pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - to her", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*kai*": "conjunction - also/even", "*autē*": "personal pronoun, nominative, feminine, singular - she", "*apedōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - gave back/repaid/rendered", "*hymin*": "personal pronoun, dative, 2nd person plural - to you", "*diplōsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - double/pay back twice", "*dipla*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, plural - double/twice as much", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - according to", "*ta erga*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*tō potēriō*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - cup", "*hō*": "relative pronoun, dative, neuter, singular - which", "*ekerasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - mixed/prepared", "*kerasate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - mix/prepare", "*diploun*": "adjective, accusative, masculine/neuter, singular - double" }, "variants": { "*apodote*": "give back/repay/render/return", "*apedōken*": "gave back/repaid/rendered/returned", "*diplōsate*": "double/pay back twice", "*dipla*": "double/twice as much", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*potēriō*": "cup/drinking vessel", "*ekerasen*": "mixed/prepared/blended", "*kerasate*": "mix/prepare/blend", "*diploun*": "double/twice as much" } } 7 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.7", "source": "Ὅσα ἐδόξασεν ἑαυτὴν, καὶ ἐστρηνίασεν, τοσοῦτον δότε αὐτῇ βασανισμὸν καὶ πένθος: ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει, Κάθημαι βασίλισσα, καὶ χήρα οὐκ εἰμί, καὶ πένθος οὐ μὴ ἴδω.", "text": "As much as she *edoxasen* *heautēn*, and *estrēniasen*, so much *dote* to her *basanismon* and *penthos*: because in the *kardia* of her *legei*, I *kathēmai* *basilissa*, and *chēra* not *eimi*, and *penthos* not not *idō*.", "grammar": { "*hosa*": "correlative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - as much as", "*edoxasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - glorified/exalted", "*heautēn*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - herself", "*estrēniasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - lived luxuriously/sensually", "*tosouton*": "correlative pronoun, accusative, masculine/neuter, singular - so much", "*dote*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - give", "*autē*": "personal pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - to her", "*basanismon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - torment/torture", "*penthos*": "noun, accusative, neuter, singular - grief/mourning", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*tē kardia*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - says", "*kathēmai*": "present middle indicative, 1st person singular - I sit/am enthroned", "*basilissa*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - queen", "*chēra*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - widow", "*ouk eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular + negative - I am not", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*idō*": "aorist active subjunctive, 1st person singular - I might see/experience" }, "variants": { "*edoxasen*": "glorified/exalted/honored", "*heautēn*": "herself", "*estrēniasen*": "lived luxuriously/sensually/wantonly", "*dote*": "give/grant/bestow", "*basanismon*": "torment/torture/suffering", "*penthos*": "grief/mourning/sorrow", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*legei*": "says/speaks/declares", "*kathēmai*": "sit/am enthroned/am seated as ruler", "*basilissa*": "queen/female ruler", "*chēra*": "widow", "*eimi*": "am/exist", "*idō*": "see/experience/witness" } } 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.8", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἥξουσιν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῆς, θάνατος, καὶ πένθος, καὶ λιμός· καὶ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται: ὅτι ἰσχυρὸς Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ κρίνων αὐτήν.", "text": "Because of this in one *hēmera* *hēxousin* the *plēgai* of her, *thanatos*, and *penthos*, and *limos*; and in *pyri* she *katakauthēsetai*: because *ischyros* *Kyrios* the *Theos* the one *krinōn* her.", "grammar": { "*dia touto*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - because of this/therefore", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*mia hēmera*": "adjective + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one day", "*hēxousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will come", "*hai plēgai*": "noun, nominative, feminine, plural - plagues/calamities", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*thanatos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - death", "*penthos*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - grief/mourning", "*limos*": "noun, nominative, masculine/feminine, singular - famine/hunger", "*pyri*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - fire", "*katakauthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be burned up/consumed", "*ischyros*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - mighty/strong", "*Kyrios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*ho Theos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ho krinōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - judging/who judges", "*autēn*": "personal pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - her" }, "variants": { "*hēmera*": "day/daytime", "*hēxousin*": "will come/will arrive", "*plēgai*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*thanatos*": "death/mortality", "*penthos*": "grief/mourning/sorrow", "*limos*": "famine/hunger/scarcity of food", "*pyri*": "fire/flame", "*katakauthēsetai*": "will be burned up/consumed by fire/incinerated", "*ischyros*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/master", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*krinōn*": "judging/who judges/condemning" } }
• Rev 19:18-20 : 18 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.18", "source": "Ἵνα φάγητε σάρκας βασιλέων, καὶ σάρκας χιλιάρχων, καὶ σάρκας ἰσχυρῶν, καὶ σάρκας ἵππων, καὶ τῶν καθημένων ἐπʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ σάρκας πάντων ἐλευθέρων καὶ δούλων, καὶ μικρῶν καὶ μεγάλων.", "text": "That you may *phagēte* *sarkas* of *basileōn*, and *sarkas* of *chiliarchōn*, and *sarkas* of *ischyrōn*, and *sarkas* of *hippōn*, and of those *kathēmenōn* upon them, and *sarkas* of all *eleutherōn* and *doulōn*, and *mikrōn* and *megalōn*.", "grammar": { "*phagēte*": "aorist subjunctive, active, 2nd person plural - you may eat", "*sarkas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - flesh", "*basileōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of kings", "*chiliarchōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of commanders/captains", "*ischyrōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of mighty men", "*hippōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of horses", "*kathēmenōn*": "present participle, middle, genitive, masculine, plural - sitting", "*eleutherōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of free men", "*doulōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of slaves/servants", "*mikrōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of small/little ones", "*megalōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of great ones" }, "variants": { "*phagēte*": "you may eat/you may devour/you may consume", "*sarkas*": "flesh/meat/body", "*basileōn*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*chiliarchōn*": "commanders/captains/military officers", "*ischyrōn*": "mighty men/strong men/powerful men", "*hippōn*": "horses/steeds", "*kathēmenōn*": "sitting/seated/mounted", "*eleutherōn*": "free men/free persons", "*doulōn*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*mikrōn*": "small/insignificant/lowly in status", "*megalōn*": "great/important/high in status" } } 19 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.19", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον τὸ θηρίον, καὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ στρατεύματα αὐτῶν, συνηγμένα ποιῆσαι πόλεμον μετὰ τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ στρατεύματος αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And I *eidon* the *thērion*, and the *basileis* of the *gēs*, and the *strateumata* of them, *synēgmena* to *poiēsai* *polemon* with the one *kathēmenou* upon the *hippou*, and with the *strateumatos* of him.", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I saw", "*thērion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - beast", "*basileis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - kings", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*strateumata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - armies", "*synēgmena*": "perfect participle, passive, accusative, neuter, plural - having been gathered", "*poiēsai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to make/do", "*polemon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - war", "*kathēmenou*": "present participle, middle, genitive, masculine, singular - sitting", "*hippou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - horse", "*strateumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - army" }, "variants": { "*eidon*": "saw/beheld/perceived", "*thērion*": "beast/wild animal", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground/world", "*strateumata*": "armies/troops/military forces", "*synēgmena*": "having been gathered/assembled/brought together", "*poiēsai*": "to make/to do/to wage", "*polemon*": "war/battle/conflict", "*kathēmenou*": "sitting/seated/mounted", "*hippou*": "horse/steed", "*strateumatos*": "army/military force" } } 20 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.20", "source": "Καὶ ἐπιάσθη τὸ θηρίον, καὶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης ὁ ποιήσας τὰ σημεῖα ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, ἐν οἷς ἐπλάνησεν τοὺς λαβόντας τὸ χάραγμα τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας τῇ εἰκόνι αὐτοῦ. Ζωντες ἐβλήθησαν οἱ δύο εἰς τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς τὴν καιομένην ἐν θείῳ.", "text": "And *epiasthē* the *thērion*, and with him the *pseudoprophētēs* the one *poiēsas* the *sēmeia* *enōpion* of him, by which he *eplanēsen* those *labontas* the *charagma* of the *thēriou*, and those *proskynountas* to the *eikoni* of him. *Zōntes* *eblēthēsan* the two into the *limnēn* of the *pyros* the one *kaiomenēn* in *theiō*.", "grammar": { "*epiasthē*": "aorist, indicative, passive, 3rd person singular - was captured/seized", "*thērion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - beast", "*pseudoprophētēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - false prophet", "*poiēsas*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having done/performed", "*sēmeia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - signs", "*enōpion*": "preposition - before/in the presence of", "*eplanēsen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - deceived", "*labontas*": "aorist participle, active, accusative, masculine, plural - having received", "*charagma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mark", "*thēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of the beast", "*proskynountas*": "present participle, active, accusative, masculine, plural - worshipping", "*eikoni*": "dative, feminine, singular - image", "*Zōntes*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, plural - living", "*eblēthēsan*": "aorist, indicative, passive, 3rd person plural - were thrown", "*limnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - lake", "*pyros*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of fire", "*kaiomenēn*": "present participle, middle/passive, accusative, feminine, singular - burning", "*theiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - brimstone/sulfur" }, "variants": { "*epiasthē*": "was captured/was seized/was arrested", "*thērion*": "beast/wild animal", "*pseudoprophētēs*": "false prophet/lying prophet", "*poiēsas*": "having done/having performed/having carried out", "*sēmeia*": "signs/miracles/wonders", "*eplanēsen*": "deceived/misled/led astray", "*labontas*": "having received/having taken/having accepted", "*charagma*": "mark/stamp/imprint", "*proskynountas*": "worshipping/bowing down to/paying homage to", "*eikoni*": "image/statue/representation", "*Zōntes*": "living/alive", "*eblēthēsan*": "were thrown/were cast/were hurled", "*limnēn*": "lake/pond", "*pyros*": "fire/flame", "*kaiomenēn*": "burning/being on fire", "*theiō*": "brimstone/sulfur" } }
• Isa 10:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.33", "source": "הִנֵּה הָאָדוֹן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְסָעֵף פֻּארָה בְּמַעֲרָצָה וְרָמֵי הַקּוֹמָה גְּדוּעִים וְהַגְּבֹהִים יִשְׁפָּלוּ", "text": "*hinnēh* *hāʾādôn* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *mesāʿēp̄* *puʾrāh* *bemaʿărāṣāh* *werāmê* *haqqômāh* *gedûʿîm* *wehaggebōhîm* *yišpālû*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*hāʾādôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Lord", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*mesāʿēp̄*": "piel participle, masculine singular - lopping off", "*puʾrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - branch/bough", "*bemaʿărāṣāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with terrifying power", "*werāmê*": "waw conjunction + adjective, masculine plural construct - and the tall ones of", "*haqqômāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the stature", "*gedûʿîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - cut down/hewn down", "*wehaggebōhîm*": "waw conjunction + definite article + adjective, masculine plural - and the lofty ones", "*yišpālû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - will be humbled/brought low" }, "variants": { "*sāʿap̄*": "lop off/cut away/prune", "*puʾrāh*": "branch/bough/foliage", "*maʿărāṣāh*": "terror/terrifying power/fearful force", "*qômāh*": "height/stature/tallness", "*gādaʿ*": "cut down/hew down/chop off", "*gābōah*": "high/lofty/tall/proud", "*šāp̄al*": "be low/be humbled/be brought down" } }
• Isa 13:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.11", "source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃", "text": "*Û*-*p̄āqaḏtî* upon-*tēḇēl* *rāʿāh* *wə*-upon-*rəšāʿîm* *ʿăwōnām* *wə*-*hišbattî* *gəʾôn* *zēḏîm* *wə*-*gaʾăwaṯ* *ʿārîṣîm* *ʾašpîl*", "grammar": { "*ûp̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - and I will punish/visit", "*ʿal-tēḇēl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - upon the world", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster", "*wəʿal-rəšāʿîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, plural - and upon the wicked", "*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*wəhišbattî*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will cause to cease", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of", "*zēḏîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant ones", "*wəgaʾăwaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular, construct - and pride/haughtiness of", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - ruthless/terrifying ones", "*ʾašpîl*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring low" }, "variants": { "*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will punish/visit/attend to", "*tēḇēl*": "world/earth/land", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked/guilty/criminal ones", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/stop", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/majesty", "*zēḏîm*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones", "*gaʾăwaṯ*": "pride/haughtiness/majesty", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "ruthless/terrifying/violent ones", "*ʾašpîl*": "I will bring low/humble/abase" } }
• Ps 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.5", "source": "אָ֤ז יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֵ֣ימוֹ בְאַפּ֑וֹ וּֽבַחֲרוֹנ֥וֹ יְבַהֲלֵֽמוֹ", "text": "*ʾāz* *yəḏabbēr* *ʾēlêmô* *ḇəʾappô* *û-ḇaḥărônô* *yəḇahălēmô*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then", "*yəḏabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will speak", "*ʾēlêmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ḇəʾappô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his anger/nostril", "*û-ḇaḥărônô*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and in his burning anger/wrath", "*yəḇahălēmô*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will terrify/dismay them" }, "variants": { "*yəḏabbēr*": "speak/rebuke/address", "*ḇəʾappô*": "in his anger/nostril/face", "*ḥărônô*": "burning anger/fierce wrath/rage", "*yəḇahălēmô*": "terrify/dismay/alarm/overwhelm them" } }
• Ps 2:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.8", "source": "שְׁאַ֤ל מִמֶּ֗נִּי וְאֶתְּנָ֣ה ג֭וֹיִם נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וַ֝אֲחֻזָּתְךָ֗ אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*šəʾal* *mimmennî* *wə-ʾettənâ* *ḡôyim* *naḥălāṯeḵā* *wa-ʾăḥuzzāṯəḵā* *ʾap̄sê*-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*šəʾal*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - ask", "*mimmennî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me", "*wə-ʾettənâ*": "conjunction + qal cohortative, 1st person singular - and I will give", "*ḡôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*naḥălāṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your inheritance", "*wa-ʾăḥuzzāṯəḵā*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your possession", "*ʾap̄sê*": "masculine plural construct noun - ends of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*šəʾal*": "ask/request/demand", "*ḡôyim*": "nations/gentiles/heathen peoples", "*naḥălāṯeḵā*": "your inheritance/heritage/possession", "*ʾăḥuzzāṯəḵā*": "your possession/property/holding", "*ʾap̄sê-ʾāreṣ*": "ends of the earth/uttermost parts of the land" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.9", "source": "תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם", "text": "*tərōʿēm* *bəšēḇeṭ* *barzel* *kiḵlî* *yôṣēr* *tənapṣēm*", "grammar": { "*tərōʿēm*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will break/shatter them", "*bəšēḇeṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - with a rod/staff", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*kiḵlî*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - like a vessel of", "*yôṣēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - potter/one forming", "*tənapṣēm*": "piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will dash them to pieces" }, "variants": { "*tərōʿēm*": "break/shatter/rule/shepherd them", "*šēḇeṭ*": "rod/staff/club/scepter", "*barzel*": "iron/iron tool", "*kiḵlî yôṣēr*": "like a potter's vessel/like an earthen vessel", "*tənapṣēm*": "dash them to pieces/shatter them/smash them" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.10", "source": "וְ֭עַתָּה מְלָכִ֣ים הַשְׂכִּ֑ילוּ הִ֝וָּסְר֗וּ שֹׁ֣פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*wə-ʿattâ* *məlāḵîm* *haśkîlû* *hiwwāsərû* *šōp̄ṭê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*məlāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*haśkîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - be wise/act wisely", "*hiwwāsərû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - be instructed/take warning", "*šōp̄ṭê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - judges of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*haśkîlû*": "be wise/act wisely/consider well/show insight", "*hiwwāsərû*": "be instructed/take warning/accept discipline", "*šōp̄ṭê*": "judges/rulers/governors" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.11", "source": "עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּיִרְאָ֑ה וְ֝גִ֗ילוּ בִּרְעָדָֽה", "text": "*ʿiḇḏû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *bəyirʾâ* *wə-ḡîlû* *birʿāḏâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿiḇḏû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - serve", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*bəyirʾâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with fear/reverence", "*wə-ḡîlû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and rejoice", "*birʿāḏâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with trembling" }, "variants": { "*ʿiḇḏû*": "serve/worship/work for", "*yirʾâ*": "fear/reverence/awe", "*ḡîlû*": "rejoice/be glad/exult", "*rʿāḏâ*": "trembling/quaking/shaking" } } 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.12", "source": "נַשְּׁקוּ־בַ֡ר פֶּן־יֶאֱנַ֤ף ׀ וְתֹ֬אבְדוּ דֶ֗רֶךְ כִּֽי־יִבְעַ֣ר כִּמְעַ֣ט אַפּ֑וֹ אַ֝שְׁרֵ֗י כָּל־ח֥וֹסֵי בֽוֹ", "text": "*naššəqû*-*ḇar* *pen*-*yeʾĕnap̄* *wə-ṯōʾḇəḏû* *ḏereḵ* *kî*-*yiḇʿar* *kimʿaṭ* *ʾappô* *ʾašrê* *kol*-*ḥôsê* *ḇô*", "grammar": { "*naššəqû*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - kiss", "*ḇar*": "masculine singular noun - son/pure one", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yeʾĕnap̄*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he be angry", "*wə-ṯōʾḇəḏû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you perish", "*ḏereḵ*": "masculine singular noun - way/path", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/when", "*yiḇʿar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - burns", "*kimʿaṭ*": "preposition + adverb - as/like + little/slight", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril", "*ʾašrê*": "construct masculine plural noun - blessings of/happy are", "*kol*": "masculine singular noun - all of", "*ḥôsê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those taking refuge", "*ḇô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him" }, "variants": { "*naššəqû*": "kiss/do homage", "*ḇar*": "son/pure one/chosen one (Aramaic: son)", "*yeʾĕnap̄*": "be angry/become furious", "*ṯōʾḇəḏû*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*ḏereḵ*": "way/path/road/journey", "*yiḇʿar*": "burns/kindles/ignites", "*kimʿaṭ*": "in a little while/quickly/slightly", "*ʾašrê*": "blessed/happy/fortunate are", "*ḥôsê*": "those taking refuge/those seeking shelter/those trusting" } }
• Ps 110:1-7 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר נְאֻ֤ם יְהוָ֨ה ׀ לַֽאדֹנִ֗י שֵׁ֥ב לִֽימִינִ֑י עַד־אָשִׁ֥ית אֹ֝יְבֶ֗יךָ הֲדֹ֣ם לְרַגְלֶֽיךָ", "text": "To *Dāwid* *mizmôr*. *Neʾum* of *YHWH* to *ʾădōnî*: *šēb* at *yemînî* until I *ʾāšît* *ʾōyebeykā* *hădōm* to *ragleykā*", "grammar": { "*leDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to/for/belonging to David'", "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular noun - 'psalm/song'", "*Neʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular noun - 'oracle/utterance of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*laʾădōnî*": "preposition + noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'to my lord'", "*šēb*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - 'sit/dwell/remain'", "*lîmînî*": "preposition + noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'at my right hand'", "*ʿad*": "preposition - 'until'", "*ʾāšît*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - 'I will place/set/make'", "*ʾōyebeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your enemies'", "*hădōm*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - 'footstool of'", "*lěragleykā*": "preposition + feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'for your feet'" }, "variants": { "*leDāwid*": "of/by/for/belonging to David", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song", "*Neʾum*": "oracle/utterance/declaration/saying", "*šēb*": "sit/be enthroned/dwell/remain", "*yemînî*": "my right hand/right side/south", "*ʾāšît*": "I will place/set/make/establish", "*hădōm*": "footstool/support/suppression" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.2", "source": "מַטֵּֽה־עֻזְּךָ֗ יִשְׁלַ֣ח יְ֭הוָה מִצִיּ֑וֹן רְ֝דֵ֗ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֹיְבֶֽיךָ", "text": "*Maṭṭêh*-*ʿuzzekā* *yišlaḥ* *YHWH* from *Ṣiyyôn*; *rědêh* in *qereb* *ʾōybeykā*", "grammar": { "*Maṭṭêh*": "masculine singular construct noun - 'rod/staff of'", "*ʿuzzekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your strength'", "*yišlaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will send/stretch out'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*miṢiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - 'from Zion'", "*rědêh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - 'rule/have dominion'", "*běqereb*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'in the midst of'", "*ʾōybeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your enemies'" }, "variants": { "*Maṭṭêh*": "rod/staff/scepter/tribe", "*ʿuzzekā*": "your strength/power/might", "*yišlaḥ*": "he will send/stretch out/extend", "*rědêh*": "rule/have dominion/subdue", "*qereb*": "midst/inner part/interior" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.3", "source": "עַמְּךָ֣ נְדָבֹת֮ בְּי֢וֹם חֵ֫ילֶ֥ךָ בְּֽהַדְרֵי־קֹ֭דֶשׁ מֵרֶ֣חֶם מִשְׁחָ֑ר לְ֝ךָ֗ טַ֣ל יַלְדֻתֶֽיךָ", "text": "*ʿAmmekā* *nědābôt* in *yôm* *ḥêlekā*; in *hadrê*-*qōdeš* from *reḥem* *mišḥār*, to *lěkā* *ṭal* *yaldutêkā*", "grammar": { "*ʿAmmekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your people'", "*nědābôt*": "feminine plural noun - 'freewill offerings/willing/volunteers'", "*běyôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'in day of'", "*ḥêlekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your power/army'", "*běhadrê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct noun - 'in the splendors/majesty of'", "*qōdeš*": "masculine singular noun - 'holiness/sacredness'", "*mēreḥem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'from womb'", "*mišḥār*": "masculine singular noun - 'dawn/morning'", "*lěkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'to/for you'", "*ṭal*": "masculine singular noun - 'dew'", "*yaldutêkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your youth/birth'" }, "variants": { "*ʿAmmekā*": "your people/nation/folk", "*nědābôt*": "freewill offerings/willing volunteers/voluntariness", "*ḥêlekā*": "your power/army/strength/wealth", "*hadrê*": "splendors/majesty/honor/ornaments", "*qōdeš*": "holiness/sacredness/sanctuary", "*reḥem*": "womb/matrix/mercy", "*mišḥār*": "dawn/morning/youth", "*ṭal*": "dew/mist", "*yaldutêkā*": "your youth/birth/childhood/progeny" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.4", "source": "נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָ֨ה ׀ וְלֹ֥א יִנָּחֵ֗ם אַתָּֽה־כֹהֵ֥ן לְעוֹלָ֑ם עַל־דִּ֝בְרָתִ֗י מַלְכִּי־צֶֽדֶק", "text": "*Nišbaʿ* *YHWH* *wĕlōʾ* *yinnāḥēm*, *ʾattâ*-*kōhēn* *lěʿôlām* upon-*dibrātî* *Malkî*-*ṣedeq*", "grammar": { "*Nišbaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he has sworn'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - 'and not'", "*yinnāḥēm*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will repent/change his mind'", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - 'you'", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular noun - 'priest'", "*lěʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'for forever/eternity'", "*ʿal*-*dibrātî*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'according to/after the manner of'", "*Malkî*-*ṣedeq*": "proper noun, compound - 'Melchizedek/my king of righteousness'" }, "variants": { "*Nišbaʿ*": "he has sworn/taken an oath", "*yinnāḥēm*": "he will repent/change his mind/be sorry", "*kōhēn*": "priest/minister", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time/world", "*dibrātî*": "my order/manner/cause/reason", "*Malkî*-*ṣedeq*": "Melchizedek/my king of righteousness" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.5", "source": "אֲדֹנָ֥י עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֑ מָחַ֖ץ בְּיוֹם־אַפּ֣וֹ מְלָכִֽים", "text": "*ʾĂdōnāy* upon-*yemînekā* *māḥaṣ* in *yôm*-*ʾappô* *mělākîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - 'Lord/my Lord'", "*ʿal*-*yemînekā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'at your right hand'", "*māḥaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he struck/smashed/shattered'", "*běyôm*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - 'in day of'", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his anger'", "*mělākîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'kings'" }, "variants": { "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/Sovereign", "*yemînekā*": "your right hand/right side", "*māḥaṣ*": "struck/smashed/shattered/wounded", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/nostril/face" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.6", "source": "יָדִ֣ין בַּ֭גּוֹיִם מָלֵ֣א גְוִיּ֑וֹת מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה", "text": "*Yādîn* among the *gôyim*, *mālēʾ* *gěwiyyôt*; *māḥaṣ* *rōʾš* over-*ʾereṣ* *rabbâ*", "grammar": { "*Yādîn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will judge'", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - 'among the nations'", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he filled/fulfilled'", "*gěwiyyôt*": "feminine plural noun - 'bodies/corpses'", "*māḥaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he struck/smashed/shattered'", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - 'head/chief'", "*ʿal*-*ʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - 'over land/earth'", "*rabbâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'great/many/much'" }, "variants": { "*Yādîn*": "he will judge/govern/contend with", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*mālēʾ*": "filled/fulfilled/satisfied", "*gěwiyyôt*": "bodies/corpses/carcasses", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/top/beginning", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory/ground", "*rabbâ*": "great/many/much/wide" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.110.7", "source": "מִ֭נַּחַל בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֝֗ן יָרִ֥ים רֹֽאשׁ", "text": "From *naḥal* in the *derek* *yišteh*; upon-*kēn* *yārîm* *rōʾš*", "grammar": { "*minnaḥal*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'from brook/stream'", "*badderek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - 'in the way/path'", "*yišteh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will drink'", "*ʿal*-*kēn*": "preposition + adverb - 'therefore/on account of this'", "*yārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will lift up/raise'", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - 'head'" }, "variants": { "*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/valley", "*derek*": "way/path/journey/custom", "*yišteh*": "he will drink/absorb/receive", "*kēn*": "thus/so/therefore", "*yārîm*": "he will lift up/raise/exalt", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief/beginning" } }