13{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.13",
"source": "וּבֹ֥שׁ מוֹאָ֖ב מִכְּמ֑וֹשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֙שׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבֵּ֥ית אֵ֖ל מִבְטֶחָֽם׃",
"text": "And *ûḇōš* *Môʾāḇ* from *Kᵉmôš* as *kaʾăšer*-*bōšû* *bêṯ* *Yiśrāʾēl* from *Bêṯ* *ʾĒl* their *miḇṭeḥām* [confidence].",
"grammar": {
"*û-ḇōš*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will be ashamed'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*mi-Kᵉmôš*": "preposition + proper noun - 'because of Chemosh'",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - 'as/just as'",
"*bōšû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they were ashamed'",
"*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'",
"*mi-Bêṯ ʾĒl*": "preposition + proper noun - 'because of Bethel'",
"*miḇṭeḥām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their confidence'"
},
"variants": {
"*ûḇōš*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded",
"*Kᵉmôš*": "Chemosh (national deity of Moab)",
"*bōšû*": "were ashamed/were disappointed",
"*Bêṯ ʾĒl*": "Bethel (place of worship in northern Israel)",
"*miḇṭeḥām*": "their confidence/their trust/their security"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.14",
"source": "אֵ֚יךְ תֹּֽאמְר֔וּ גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "How *tōʾmᵉrû* '*gibbôrîm* *ʾănāḥnû* and *wᵉʾanšê*-*ḥayil* for the *milḥāmāh*'?",
"grammar": {
"*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - 'how'",
"*tōʾmᵉrû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - 'you say'",
"*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - 'mighty men/warriors'",
"*ʾănāḥnû*": "pronoun, 1st plural - 'we'",
"*wᵉ-ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - 'and men of'",
"*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - 'strength/might/valor'",
"*la-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'for the battle/war'"
},
"variants": {
"*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*ʾanšê-ḥayil*": "men of valor/mighty men/strong men",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.15",
"source": "שֻׁדַּ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ וְעָרֶ֣יהָ עָלָ֔ה וּמִבְחַ֥ר בַּֽחוּרָ֖יו יָרְד֣וּ לַטָּ֑בַח נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*šuddaḏ* *Môʾāḇ* and her *wᵉʿāreyhā* *ʿālāh* [he has gone up], and choice of her *baḥûrāyw* *yārᵉḏû* to the *laṭṭāḇaḥ* [slaughter], *nᵉʾum*-the *hammelek* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ* his *šᵉmô*.",
"grammar": {
"*šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is devastated/spoiled'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*wᵉ-ʿāreyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and her cities'",
"*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he went up'",
"*û-miḇḥar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and choice of'",
"*baḥûrāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his young men'",
"*yārᵉḏû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they went down'",
"*la-ṭṭāḇaḥ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'to the slaughter'",
"*nᵉʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'declaration of'",
"*ha-mmelek*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the King'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'",
"*ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - 'of hosts/armies'",
"*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his name'"
},
"variants": {
"*šuddaḏ*": "devastated/spoiled/destroyed",
"*ʿālāh*": "gone up/ascended/invaded",
"*miḇḥar baḥûrāyw*": "choice of his young men/his best young men",
"*yārᵉḏû laṭṭāḇaḥ*": "gone down to slaughter/descended to butchering",
"*nᵉʾum-hammelek*": "declaration of the King/says the King",
"*YHWH ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ šᵉmô*": "LORD of hosts is his name/the LORD of armies is his name"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.16",
"source": "קָר֥וֹב אֵיד־מוֹאָ֖ב לָב֑וֹא וְרָ֣עָת֔וֹ מִהֲרָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "Near [is] *ʾêḏ*-*Môʾāḇ* *lāḇôʾ* [to come], and his *wᵉrāʿāṯô* *mihărāh* *mᵉʾōḏ* [hurries exceedingly].",
"grammar": {
"*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'near/at hand'",
"*ʾêḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'calamity of'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*lā-ḇôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to come'",
"*wᵉ-rāʿāṯô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his disaster'",
"*mihărāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'hastens/hurries'",
"*mᵉʾōḏ*": "adverb - 'very/exceedingly'"
},
"variants": {
"*qārôḇ*": "near/approaching/imminent",
"*ʾêḏ*": "calamity/disaster/destruction",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/to arrive",
"*rāʿāṯô*": "his disaster/his calamity/his evil",
"*mihărāh*": "hastens/hurries/rushes",
"*mᵉʾōḏ*": "very/exceedingly/greatly"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.17",
"source": "נֻ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ כָּל־סְבִיבָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל יֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ אִמְר֗וּ אֵיכָ֤ה נִשְׁבַּר֙ מַטֵּה־עֹ֔ז מַקֵּ֖ל תִּפְאָרָֽה׃",
"text": "*nûḏû* to him, all his *sᵉḇîḇāyw* and all *yōḏᵉʿê* his *šᵉmô*; *ʾimrû*: '*ʾêḵāh* *nišbar* *maṭṭēh*-*ʿōz*, *maqqēl* *tip̄ʾārāh*?'",
"grammar": {
"*nûḏû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'mourn/bemoan'",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'for him'",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'all of'",
"*sᵉḇîḇāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his surroundings/those around him'",
"*wᵉ-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and all of'",
"*yōḏᵉʿê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - 'knowers of'",
"*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his name'",
"*ʾimrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'say'",
"*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - 'how'",
"*nišbar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is broken'",
"*maṭṭēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'staff of'",
"*ʿōz*": "noun, masculine singular - 'strength/might'",
"*maqqēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'rod of'",
"*tip̄ʾārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'glory/beauty'"
},
"variants": {
"*nûḏû*": "mourn/bemoan/lament",
"*sᵉḇîḇāyw*": "his surroundings/those around him/his neighbors",
"*yōḏᵉʿê šᵉmô*": "knowers of his name/those who know his name",
"*ʾêḵāh*": "how/in what way",
"*nišbar*": "is broken/is shattered",
"*maṭṭēh-ʿōz*": "staff of strength/mighty rod/strong scepter",
"*maqqēl tip̄ʾārāh*": "rod of glory/beautiful staff/glorious scepter"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.18",
"source": "רְדִ֤י מִכָּבוֹד֙ *ישבי **וּשְׁבִ֣י בַצָּמָ֔א יֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־דִּיב֑וֹן כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ עָ֣לָה בָ֔ךְ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָֽיִךְ׃",
"text": "*rᵉḏî* from *kāḇôḏ* and *ûšᵉḇî* in the *baṣṣāmāʾ* [thirst], *yōšeḇeṯ* *baṯ*-*Dîḇôn*, for *šōḏēḏ* *Môʾāḇ* *ʿālāh* against you, *šiḥēṯ* your *miḇṣārāyiḵ* [fortresses].",
"grammar": {
"*rᵉḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'come down/descend'",
"*mi-kāḇôḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from glory'",
"*û-šᵉḇî*": "conjunction + Qal imperative feminine singular - 'and sit/dwell'",
"*ba-ṣṣāmāʾ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the thirst'",
"*yōšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of/dweller of'",
"*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'daughter of'",
"*Dîḇôn*": "proper noun - 'Dibon'",
"*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'",
"*šōḏēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'destroyer of'",
"*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'",
"*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has come up'",
"*ḇāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'against you'",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has destroyed'",
"*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your fortresses'"
},
"variants": {
"*rᵉḏî mikāḇôḏ*": "come down from glory/descend from honor",
"*šᵉḇî baṣṣāmāʾ*": "sit in thirst/dwell in thirst",
"*yōšeḇeṯ baṯ-Dîḇôn*": "inhabitant of daughter of Dibon/dweller of the daughter Dibon",
"*šōḏēḏ*": "destroyer/plunderer/ravager",
"*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascended/attacked",
"*šiḥēṯ*": "destroyed/ruined",
"*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "your fortresses/your strongholds"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.19",
"source": "אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃",
"text": "To *dereḵ* *ʿimḏî* and *wᵉṣappî* [watch], *yôšeḇeṯ* *ʿĂrôʿēr*; *šaʾălî*-one who flees and one who *wᵉnimlāṭāh* [escapes], *ʾimrî* 'What *nihyāṯāh* [has happened]?'",
"grammar": {
"*ʾel-dereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'to/by the road'",
"*ʿimḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'stand'",
"*wᵉ-ṣappî*": "conjunction + Piel imperative feminine singular - 'and watch/look out'",
"*yôšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of'",
"*ʿĂrôʿēr*": "proper noun - 'Aroer'",
"*šaʾălî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'ask'",
"*nās*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'fleeing'",
"*wᵉ-nimlāṭāh*": "conjunction + Niphal participle feminine singular - 'and escaping'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾel-dereḵ ʿimḏî*": "stand by the road/stand at the way",
"*ṣappî*": "watch/look out/observe",
"*yôšeḇeṯ ʿĂrôʿēr*": "inhabitant of Aroer/dweller of Aroer",
"*nās wᵉnimlāṭāh*": "one who flees and escapes/fugitive and survivor",
"*nihyāṯāh*": "has happened/has occurred/has come to pass"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.20",
"source": "הֹבִ֥ישׁ מוֹאָ֛ב כִּֽי־חַ֖תָּה הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ וּֽזְעָ֑קוּ הַגִּ֣ידוּ בְאַרְנ֔וֹן כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מוֹאָֽב׃",
"text": "*hōbîš* *mōʾāb* because *ḥattâ* *hêlîlû* and *ûzeʿāqû* *haggîdû* in *ʾarnôn* because *šuddad* *mōʾāb*",
"grammar": {
"*hōbîš*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is ashamed/put to shame",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab",
"*ḥattâ*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is broken/dismayed",
"*hêlîlû*": "imperative, 2nd plural - wail/howl ye",
"*ûzeʿāqû*": "imperative with waw-consecutive, 2nd plural - cry out/shriek ye",
"*haggîdû*": "imperative, 2nd plural - tell/declare ye",
"*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon (river)",
"*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is destroyed/devastated",
"*mōʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab"
},
"variants": {
"*hōbîš*": "is put to shame/is ashamed/is disgraced",
"*ḥattâ*": "is broken/dismayed/terrified",
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*ûzeʿāqû*": "cry out/shriek/scream",
"*haggîdû*": "tell/declare/announce",
"*šuddad*": "is destroyed/devastated/ruined"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Jeremiah.48.21",
"source": "וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט בָּ֖א אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֶל־חֹל֥וֹן וְאֶל־יַ֖הְצָה וְעַל־מֵיפָֽעַת׃",
"text": "And *mišpāṭ* *bāʾ* to *ʾereṣ* the *hammîšōr* to *ḥōlôn* and to *yahṣâ* and against *mêpāʿat*",
"grammar": {
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - judgment/justice",
"*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land/earth of",
"*hammîšōr*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the plain/plateau",
"*ḥōlôn*": "proper noun - Holon (city)",
"*yahṣâ*": "proper noun - Jahaz/Jahzah (city)",
"*mêpāʿat*": "proper noun - Mephaath (city)"
},
"variants": {
"*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/decision/verdict",
"*bāʾ*": "has come/arrived/entered",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory/ground",
"*hammîšōr*": "the plain/plateau/level place/table-land"
}
}