15{
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.15",
"source": "בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֡מָּה רָאִ֣יתִי בִֽיהוּדָ֣ה ׀ דֹּֽרְכִֽים־גִּתּ֣וֹת ׀ בַּשַּׁבָּ֡ת וּמְבִיאִ֣ים הָעֲרֵמ֣וֹת וְֽעֹמְסִ֪ים עַל־הַחֲמֹרִ֟ים וְאַף־יַ֜יִן עֲנָבִ֤ים וּתְאֵנִים֙ וְכָל־מַשָּׂ֔א וּמְבִיאִ֥ים יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וָאָעִ֕יד בְּי֖וֹם מִכְרָ֥ם צָֽיִד׃",
"text": "In *yāmîm* the *hahēmmâ* *rāʾîtî* in *yəhûdâ* *dōrəkîm*-*gittôt* in the *šabbāt* and *məbîʾîm* the *hāʿarēmôt* and *ʿōməsîm* upon-the *ḥamōrîm* and even-*yayin* *ʿanābîm* and *təʾēnîm* and all-*maśśāʾ* and *məbîʾîm* *yərûšālaim* in *yôm* the *šabbāt*; and *āʿîd* in *yôm* *mikrām* *ṣāyid*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural construct - days",
"*hahēmmâ*": "demonstrative adjective, plural - those",
"*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*dōrəkîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - treading/pressing",
"*gittôt*": "feminine plural - winepresses",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular - Sabbath",
"*məbîʾîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - bringing",
"*hāʿarēmôt*": "feminine plural with definite article - the heaps/sheaves",
"*ʿōməsîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - loading",
"*ḥamōrîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - donkeys",
"*yayin*": "masculine singular - wine",
"*ʿanābîm*": "masculine plural - grapes",
"*təʾēnîm*": "feminine plural - figs",
"*maśśāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - burden/load",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day",
"*āʿîd*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I testified/warned",
"*mikrām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their selling",
"*ṣāyid*": "masculine singular - provision/food/game"
},
"variants": {
"*dōrəkîm*": "treading/pressing/walking",
"*gittôt*": "winepresses",
"*ʿōməsîm*": "loading/burdening",
"*āʿîd*": "testified/warned/admonished",
"*ṣāyid*": "provision/food/game/merchandise"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.16",
"source": "וְהַצֹּרִים֙ יָ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ מְבִיאִ֥ים דָּ֖אג וְכָל־מֶ֑כֶר וּמֹכְרִ֧ים בַּשַּׁבָּ֛ת לִבְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "And the *ṣōrîm* *yāšəbû* in *bāh* *məbîʾîm* *dāʾg* and all-*meker*, and *mōkərîm* in the *šabbāt* to *bənê* *yəhûdâ* and in *yərûšālaim*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṣōrîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - Tyrians/men of Tyre",
"*yāšəbû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they dwelt/sat/remained",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it/her",
"*məbîʾîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - bringing",
"*dāʾg*": "masculine singular - fish",
"*meker*": "masculine singular construct - merchandise/ware",
"*mōkərîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - selling",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with preposition - on the Sabbath",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition - in Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣōrîm*": "Tyrians/men of Tyre",
"*yāšəbû*": "dwelt/sat/remained",
"*dāʾg*": "fish",
"*meker*": "merchandise/wares/goods"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.17",
"source": "וָאָרִ֕יבָה אֵ֖ת חֹרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָהֶ֗ם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֨ר הָרָ֤ע הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וּֽמְחַלְּלִ֖ים אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּֽת׃",
"text": "And *ʾārîbâ* *ʾēt* *ḥōrê* *yəhûdâ* and *ʾōmərâ* to them, 'What-the *dābār* the *rāʿ* the *zeh* which *ʾattem* *ʿōśîm*, and *məḥalləlîm* *ʾet*-*yôm* the *šabbāt*?'",
"grammar": {
"*ʾārîbâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I contended/disputed",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥōrê*": "masculine plural construct - nobles/free-born/white ones of",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said",
"*dābār*": "masculine singular with definite article - word/thing/matter",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - evil/bad",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular with definite article - this",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - doing/making",
"*məḥalləlîm*": "Piel participle masculine plural - profaning/desecrating",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾārîbâ*": "contended/disputed/strove with",
"*ḥōrê*": "nobles/free-born men/white ones",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/harmful",
"*məḥalləlîm*": "profaning/desecrating/defiling"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.18",
"source": "הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֤ה עָשׂוּ֙ אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וַיָּבֵ֨א אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ עָלֵ֗ינוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְעַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאַתֶּ֞ם מוֹסִיפִ֤ים חָרוֹן֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ פ",
"text": "*halôʾ* thus *ʿāśû* *ʾabōtêkem* and *yābēʾ* *ʾĕlōhênû* upon us *ʾēt* all-the *rāʿâ* the *zōʾt* and upon the *ʿîr* the *zōʾt*; and *ʾattem* *môsîpîm* *ḥārôn* upon-*yiśrāʾēl* to *ḥallēl* *ʾet*-the *šabbāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*halôʾ*": "interrogative particle - Did not?/Is not?",
"*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they did/made",
"*ʾabōtêkem*": "masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers",
"*yābēʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular with definite article - evil/disaster",
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - city",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*môsîpîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - adding/increasing",
"*ḥārôn*": "masculine singular - burning anger/wrath",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ḥallēl*": "Piel infinitive construct - to profane/desecrate",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath"
},
"variants": {
"*halôʾ*": "is not?/did not?/have not?",
"*yābēʾ*": "brought/caused to come",
"*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune",
"*môsîpîm*": "adding/increasing/doing more",
"*ḥārôn*": "burning anger/wrath/fierce anger",
"*ḥallēl*": "to profane/desecrate/defile"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.19",
"source": "וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽלֲלוּ֩ שַׁעֲרֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י הַשַׁבָּ֗ת וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ הַדְּלָת֔וֹת וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִפְתָּח֔וּם עַ֖ד אַחַ֣ר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י הֽ͏ֶעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לֹא־יָב֥וֹא מַשָּׂ֖א בְּי֥וֹם הַשַבָּֽת׃",
"text": "And *yəhî* when *ṣāllû* *šaʿărê* *yərûšālaim* before the *šabbāt*, and *ʾōmərâ* and *yissāgərû* the *dəlātôt*; and *ʾōmərâ* that not *yippātḥûm* until after the *šabbāt*; and from *nəʿāray* *heʿĕmadtî* at-the *šəʿārîm* not-*yābôʾ* *maśśāʾ* in *yôm* the *šabbāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it happened/came to pass",
"*ṣāllû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they grew dark/shadowed",
"*šaʿărê*": "masculine plural construct - gates of",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said/commanded",
"*yissāgərû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they were closed",
"*dəlātôt*": "feminine plural with definite article - the doors/gates",
"*yippātḥûm*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with suffix - they should be opened",
"*nəʿāray*": "masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my young men/servants",
"*heʿĕmadtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I stationed/set",
"*šəʿārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the gates",
"*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - would come/enter",
"*maśśāʾ*": "masculine singular - burden/load",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāllû*": "grew dark/shadowed/began to be shaded",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "said/commanded/ordered",
"*yissāgərû*": "were closed/shut",
"*heʿĕmadtî*": "stationed/set/appointed",
"*maśśāʾ*": "burden/load/cargo"
}
}