16 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.16",
"source": "וְהַצֹּרִים֙ יָ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֔הּ מְבִיאִ֥ים דָּ֖אג וְכָל־מֶ֑כֶר וּמֹכְרִ֧ים בַּשַּׁבָּ֛ת לִבְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "And the *ṣōrîm* *yāšəbû* in *bāh* *məbîʾîm* *dāʾg* and all-*meker*, and *mōkərîm* in the *šabbāt* to *bənê* *yəhûdâ* and in *yərûšālaim*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṣōrîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - Tyrians/men of Tyre",
"*yāšəbû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they dwelt/sat/remained",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it/her",
"*məbîʾîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - bringing",
"*dāʾg*": "masculine singular - fish",
"*meker*": "masculine singular construct - merchandise/ware",
"*mōkərîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - selling",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with preposition - on the Sabbath",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition - in Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣōrîm*": "Tyrians/men of Tyre",
"*yāšəbû*": "dwelt/sat/remained",
"*dāʾg*": "fish",
"*meker*": "merchandise/wares/goods"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.17",
"source": "וָאָרִ֕יבָה אֵ֖ת חֹרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָהֶ֗ם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֨ר הָרָ֤ע הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וּֽמְחַלְּלִ֖ים אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּֽת׃",
"text": "And *ʾārîbâ* *ʾēt* *ḥōrê* *yəhûdâ* and *ʾōmərâ* to them, 'What-the *dābār* the *rāʿ* the *zeh* which *ʾattem* *ʿōśîm*, and *məḥalləlîm* *ʾet*-*yôm* the *šabbāt*?'",
"grammar": {
"*ʾārîbâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I contended/disputed",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥōrê*": "masculine plural construct - nobles/free-born/white ones of",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said",
"*dābār*": "masculine singular with definite article - word/thing/matter",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - evil/bad",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular with definite article - this",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - doing/making",
"*məḥalləlîm*": "Piel participle masculine plural - profaning/desecrating",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾārîbâ*": "contended/disputed/strove with",
"*ḥōrê*": "nobles/free-born men/white ones",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/harmful",
"*məḥalləlîm*": "profaning/desecrating/defiling"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.18",
"source": "הֲל֨וֹא כֹ֤ה עָשׂוּ֙ אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וַיָּבֵ֨א אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ עָלֵ֗ינוּ אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את וְעַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאַתֶּ֞ם מוֹסִיפִ֤ים חָרוֹן֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ פ",
"text": "*halôʾ* thus *ʿāśû* *ʾabōtêkem* and *yābēʾ* *ʾĕlōhênû* upon us *ʾēt* all-the *rāʿâ* the *zōʾt* and upon the *ʿîr* the *zōʾt*; and *ʾattem* *môsîpîm* *ḥārôn* upon-*yiśrāʾēl* to *ḥallēl* *ʾet*-the *šabbāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*halôʾ*": "interrogative particle - Did not?/Is not?",
"*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they did/made",
"*ʾabōtêkem*": "masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers",
"*yābēʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular with definite article - evil/disaster",
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - city",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*môsîpîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - adding/increasing",
"*ḥārôn*": "masculine singular - burning anger/wrath",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ḥallēl*": "Piel infinitive construct - to profane/desecrate",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath"
},
"variants": {
"*halôʾ*": "is not?/did not?/have not?",
"*yābēʾ*": "brought/caused to come",
"*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune",
"*môsîpîm*": "adding/increasing/doing more",
"*ḥārôn*": "burning anger/wrath/fierce anger",
"*ḥallēl*": "to profane/desecrate/defile"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.19",
"source": "וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽלֲלוּ֩ שַׁעֲרֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִפְנֵ֣י הַשַׁבָּ֗ת וָאֹֽמְרָה֙ וַיִּסָּגְר֣וּ הַדְּלָת֔וֹת וָאֹ֣מְרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִפְתָּח֔וּם עַ֖ד אַחַ֣ר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וּמִנְּעָרַ֗י הֽ͏ֶעֱמַ֙דְתִּי֙ עַל־הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לֹא־יָב֥וֹא מַשָּׂ֖א בְּי֥וֹם הַשַבָּֽת׃",
"text": "And *yəhî* when *ṣāllû* *šaʿărê* *yərûšālaim* before the *šabbāt*, and *ʾōmərâ* and *yissāgərû* the *dəlātôt*; and *ʾōmərâ* that not *yippātḥûm* until after the *šabbāt*; and from *nəʿāray* *heʿĕmadtî* at-the *šəʿārîm* not-*yābôʾ* *maśśāʾ* in *yôm* the *šabbāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it happened/came to pass",
"*ṣāllû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they grew dark/shadowed",
"*šaʿărê*": "masculine plural construct - gates of",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said/commanded",
"*yissāgərû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they were closed",
"*dəlātôt*": "feminine plural with definite article - the doors/gates",
"*yippātḥûm*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with suffix - they should be opened",
"*nəʿāray*": "masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my young men/servants",
"*heʿĕmadtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I stationed/set",
"*šəʿārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the gates",
"*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - would come/enter",
"*maśśāʾ*": "masculine singular - burden/load",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāllû*": "grew dark/shadowed/began to be shaded",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "said/commanded/ordered",
"*yissāgərû*": "were closed/shut",
"*heʿĕmadtî*": "stationed/set/appointed",
"*maśśāʾ*": "burden/load/cargo"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.20",
"source": "וַיָּלִ֨ינוּ הָרֹכְלִ֜ים וּמֹכְרֵ֧י כָל־מִמְכָּ֛ר מִח֥וּץ לִירוּשָׁלָ֖͏ִם פַּ֥עַם וּשְׁתָּֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *yālînû* the *rōkəlîm* and *mōkərê* all-*mimkār* outside to *yərûšālaim* *paʿam* and *štāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*yālînû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they spent the night/lodged",
"*rōkəlîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the merchants/traders",
"*mōkərê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - sellers of",
"*mimkār*": "masculine singular - merchandise/sale/wares",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition - to Jerusalem",
"*paʿam*": "feminine singular - once/one time",
"*štāyim*": "feminine dual - twice/two times"
},
"variants": {
"*yālînû*": "spent the night/lodged/remained overnight",
"*rōkəlîm*": "merchants/traders/peddlers",
"*mimkār*": "merchandise/wares/goods for sale",
"*paʿam* and *štāyim*": "once or twice/a time or two"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.21",
"source": "וָאָעִ֣ידָה בָהֶ֗ם וָאֹמְרָ֤ה אֲלֵיהֶם֙ מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ נֶ֣גֶד הַחוֹמָ֔ה אִם־תִּשְׁנ֕וּ יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח בָּכֶ֑ם מִן־הָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא לֹא־בָ֖אוּ בַּשַׁבָּֽת׃ ס",
"text": "And *ʾāʿîdâ* against them and *ʾōmərâ* to them, 'Why *ʾattem* *lēnîm* before the *ḥômâ*? If-*tišnû* *yād* *ʾešlaḥ* against you.' From-the *ʿēt* the *hahîʾ* not-*bāʾû* in the *šabbāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāʿîdâ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I testified/warned",
"*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*lēnîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - lodging/spending the night",
"*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular with definite article - the wall",
"*tišnû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you repeat/do again",
"*yād*": "feminine singular - hand",
"*ʾešlaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will send/stretch out",
"*ʿēt*": "feminine singular construct with definite article - the time",
"*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that",
"*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they came",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāʿîdâ*": "testified/warned/admonished",
"*lēnîm*": "lodging/spending the night/staying overnight",
"*tišnû*": "repeat/do again/return",
"*yād* *ʾešlaḥ*": "I will lay hand/use force against you"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.22",
"source": "וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לַלְוִיִּ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִֽהְי֤וּ מִֽטַּהֲרִים֙ וּבָאִים֙ שֹׁמְרִ֣ים הַשְּׁעָרִ֔ים לְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַׁבָּ֑ת גַּם־זֹאת֙ זָכְרָה־לִּ֣י אֱלֹהַ֔י וְח֥וּסָה עָלַ֖י כְּרֹ֥ב חַסְדֶּֽךָ׃ פ",
"text": "And *ʾōmərâ* to the *ləwiyyim* that *yihyû* *miṭṭahărîm* and *bāʾîm* *šōmərîm* the *šəʿārîm* to *qaddēš* *ʾet*-*yôm* the *šabbāt*. Also-this *zāḵərâ*-to me, my *ʾĕlōhay*, and *ḥûsâ* upon me according to *rōb* *ḥasdekā*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said/commanded",
"*ləwiyyim*": "masculine plural with definite article and preposition - to the Levites",
"*yihyû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they would be",
"*miṭṭahărîm*": "Hitpael participle masculine plural - purifying themselves",
"*bāʾîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - coming",
"*šōmərîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - guarding/keeping",
"*šəʿārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the gates",
"*qaddēš*": "Piel infinitive construct - to sanctify/make holy",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of",
"*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath",
"*zāḵərâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular with paragogic he - remember/be mindful of",
"*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my God",
"*ḥûsâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular with paragogic he - have mercy/spare",
"*rōb*": "masculine singular construct - abundance/greatness",
"*ḥasdekā*": "masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your lovingkindness"
},
"variants": {
"*miṭṭahărîm*": "purifying themselves/cleansing themselves",
"*šōmərîm*": "guarding/keeping/watching",
"*qaddēš*": "to sanctify/make holy/consecrate",
"*zāḵərâ*": "remember/be mindful of/think of",
"*ḥûsâ*": "have mercy/spare/pity",
"*ḥasdekā*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Nehemiah.13.23",
"source": "גַּ֣ם ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ *אשדודיות **אַשְׁדֳּדִיּ֔וֹת *עמוניות **עַמֳּנִיּ֖וֹת מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת׃",
"text": "Also in the *yāmîm* the *hahēm* *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-the *yəhûdîm* *hōšîbû* *nāšîm* *ʾašdodiyyôt* *ʿammoniyyôt* *môʾăbiyyôt*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural with preposition and definite article - in the days",
"*hahēm*": "demonstrative adjective masculine plural - those",
"*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yəhûdîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the Jews",
"*hōšîbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they had married/settled",
"*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women",
"*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ashdodite",
"*ʿammoniyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ammonite",
"*môʾăbiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Moabite"
},
"variants": {
"*hōšîbû*": "had married/settled/caused to dwell with",
"*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "Ashdodite women/women of Ashdod",
"*ʿammoniyyôt*": "Ammonite women/women of Ammon",
"*môʾăbiyyôt*": "Moabite women/women of Moab"
}
}