Jeremiah 50:9

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.9", "source": "כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "For *hinnê* *ʾānōkî* *mēʿîr* and-*maʿălê* against-*Bābel* *qĕhal*-*gôyim* *gĕdōlîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* and-*ʿārĕkû* to-her from-there *tillākēd* *ḥiṣṣāyw* like-*gibbôr* *maśkîl* not *yāšûb* *rêqām*.", "grammar": { "*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*maʿălê*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing up/causing to go up", "*qĕhal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of/congregation of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*ʿārĕkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will arrange/set in order", "*tillākēd*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be captured", "*ḥiṣṣāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrows", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior", "*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/skillful", "*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty/without effect" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*maʿălê*": "bringing up/causing to go up", "*ʿārĕkû*": "they will arrange/set in order/prepare [for battle]", "*gibbôr* *maśkîl*": "skilled warrior/expert fighter", "*rêqām*": "empty/without effect/in vain" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃

Transliteration

For hinnê ʾānōkî mēʿîr and-maʿălê against-Bābel qĕhal-gôyim gĕdōlîm from-ʾereṣ ṣāpôn and-ʿārĕkû to-her from-there tillākēd ḥiṣṣāyw like-gibbôr maśkîl not yāšûb rêqām.

Grammar Details

• *hinnê*: demonstrative particle - behold/see
• *ʾānōkî*: 1st singular independent pronoun - I
• *mēʿîr*: hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up
• *maʿălê*: hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing up/causing to go up
• *qĕhal*: noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of/congregation of
• *gôyim*: noun, masculine plural - nations
• *gĕdōlîm*: adjective, masculine plural - great/large
• *ʾereṣ*: noun, feminine singular construct - land of
• *ṣāpôn*: noun, masculine singular - north
• *ʿārĕkû*: qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will arrange/set in order
• *tillākēd*: niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be captured
• *ḥiṣṣāyw*: noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrows
• *gibbôr*: noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior
• *maśkîl*: hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/skillful
• *yāšûb*: qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return
• *rêqām*: adverb - empty/without effect

Word Meanings

• *mēʿîr*: arousing/stirring up/awakening
• *maʿălê*: bringing up/causing to go up
• *ʿārĕkû*: they will arrange/set in order/prepare [for battle]
• *gibbôr* *maśkîl*: skilled warrior/expert fighter
• *rêqām*: empty/without effect/in vain

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For behold, I am stirring up and bringing against Babylon a coalition of great nations from the north. They will line up for battle against her; from there she will be captured. Their arrows are like skilled warriors; they will not return empty-handed.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For, behold, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in battle array against her; from there she shall be taken: their arrows shall be like those of a mighty expert warrior; none shall return empty.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For, lo, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For lo, I will wake vp an hoost of people from ye northren londe, & bringe them vpon Babilon: these shal laye sege to it, & wynne it: Their arowes shal not mysse, like as a connynge archer shuteth not wronge.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For loe, I will raise, and cause to come vp against Babel a multitude of mightie natios from the North countrey, and they shall set themselues in aray against her, whereby shee shall be taken: their arrowes shall be as of a strong man, which is expert, for none shall returne in vaine.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For lo, I wyll wake vp an hoast of people from the northren lande, & bryng them vpon Babylon, these shal lay siege to it, and winne it: their arrowes shall not misse, like as a cunnyng archer shooteth not wrong.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows [shall be] as of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from there she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  For, lo, I am stirring up, And am causing to come up against Babylon, An assembly of great nations from a land of the north, And they have set in array against her, From thence she is captured, Its arrow -- as a skilful hero -- returneth not empty,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For, lo, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For, lo, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For see, I am moving and sending up against Babylon a band of great nations from the north country: and they will put their armies in position against her; and from there she will be taken: their arrows will be like those of an expert man of war; not one will come back without getting its mark.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from there she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For I will rouse into action and bring against Babylon a host of mighty nations from the land of the north. They will set up their battle lines against her. They will come from the north and capture her. Their arrows will be like a skilled soldier who does not return from the battle empty-handed.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 1:22 : 22 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.1.22", "source": "מִדַּ֣ם חֲלָלִ֗ים מֵחֵ֙לֶב֙ גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים קֶ֚שֶׁת יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן לֹ֥א נָשׂ֖וֹג אָח֑וֹר וְחֶ֣רֶב שָׁא֔וּל לֹ֥א תָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "From *dam* *ḥălālîm*, from *ḥēleb* *gibbôrîm*, *qešet* *yəhônātān* not *nāśôg* *ʾāḥôr*, and *ḥereb* *šāʾûl* not *tāšûb* *rêqām*.", "grammar": { "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*ḥălālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slain", "*ḥēleb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fat of", "*gibbôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mighty ones/warriors", "*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - bow of", "*yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*nāśôg*": "niphal infinitive absolute - turning back", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sword of", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*tāšûb*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it returns", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty" }, "variants": { "*middam ḥălālîm*": "from the blood of the slain/from blood of fatally wounded", "*mēḥēleb gibbôrîm*": "from the fat of warriors/from the fat of mighty men", "*qešet yəhônātān lōʾ nāśôg ʾāḥôr*": "the bow of Jonathan did not turn back/Jonathan's bow never retreated", "*ḥereb šāʾûl lōʾ tāšûb rêqām*": "the sword of Saul did not return empty/Saul's sword never returned without effect" } }
• Ezra 1:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Ezra.1.1", "source": "וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֗ת לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס לִכְל֥וֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה מִפִּ֣י יִרְמְיָ֑ה הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ כֹּ֣רֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֔ס וַיַּֽעֲבֶר־קוֹל֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And in *shənath* *ʾachath* to *kōreš* *melek* *pāras* to *kəlōth* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* from *pî* *yirməyāh* *hēʿîr* *YHWH* *ʾeth*-*rûaḥ* *kōreš* *melek*-*pāras* and *yaʿăḇer*-*qōl* in all-*malkûthō* and also-in *miktāḇ* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*shənath*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*ʾachath*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - one/first", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*kōreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*kəlōth*": "infinitive construct, piel - to complete/fulfill", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*pî*": "construct state, masculine singular - mouth of", "*yirməyāh*": "proper noun - Jeremiah", "*hēʿîr*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - stirred up/awakened", "*ʾeth*": "direct object marker", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular - spirit/breath", "*wa*": "consecutive conjunction", "*yaʿăḇer*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil with waw consecutive - caused to pass/proclaimed", "*qōl*": "masculine singular - voice/proclamation", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*kol*": "construct state - all of", "*malkûthō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*wəgam*": "conjunction plus adverb - and also", "*miktāḇ*": "masculine singular - writing/document", "*lēʾmōr*": "infinitive construct, qal - saying" }, "variants": { "*shənath ʾachath*": "first year/in year one", "*kəlōth*": "to complete/fulfill/accomplish", "*dəḇar*": "word/matter/thing", "*hēʿîr*": "stirred up/awakened/aroused", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind/mind", "*yaʿăḇer-qōl*": "caused voice to pass/issued proclamation/made announcement", "*miktāḇ*": "writing/document/letter" } } 2 { "verseID": "Ezra.1.2", "source": "כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֗ר כֹּ֚רֶשׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס כֹּ֚ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ נָ֣תַן לִ֔י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְהֽוּא־פָקַ֤ד עָלַי֙ לִבְנֽוֹת־ל֣וֹ בַ֔יִת בִּירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽיהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *kōreš* *melek* *pāras*, all *mamlǝkōth* the *ʾāreṣ* *nāthan* to me *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* the *šāmāyim* and he-*pāqad* upon me *liḇnōth*-to him *bayith* in *yǝrûšālaim* which in *yǝhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - said/spoke", "*kōreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*kol*": "construct state - all of", "*mamlǝkōth*": "feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/land", "*nāthan*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - gave", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural - heavens", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hû*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*pāqad*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - appointed/commanded", "*ʿālay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - upon me", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*bǝnōth*": "infinitive construct, qal - build", "*lō*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - for him", "*bayith*": "masculine singular - house", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*yǝrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*yǝhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*mamlǝkōth*": "kingdoms/dominions", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*nāthan*": "gave/granted/assigned", "*pāqad*": "appointed/commanded/charged/entrusted", "*bayith*": "house/temple/dwelling" } }
• Isa 13:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.2", "source": "עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים׃", "text": "Upon *har-nišpeh* *śəʾû*-*nēs* *hārîmû* *qôl* to-them *hānîp̄û* *yād* *wə*-*yāḇōʾû* *piṯḥê* *nəḏîḇîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*har-nišpeh*": "compound noun, masculine, singular - bare/high mountain", "*śəʾû*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise", "*nēs*": "noun, masculine, singular - banner/standard/signal", "*hārîmû*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - raise up/lift up", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular - voice/sound", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*hānîp̄û*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wave/beckon", "*yād*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will come/enter", "*piṯḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - gates/entrances of", "*nəḏîḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nobles/willing ones/princes" }, "variants": { "*har-nišpeh*": "bare mountain/high mountain/lookout mountain", "*nēs*": "banner/standard/signal flag", "*nəḏîḇîm*": "nobles/willing ones/princes/those of noble rank" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.3", "source": "אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽי׃", "text": "I *ṣiwwêṯî* to-*məquddāšāy* also *qārāʾṯî* *gibbôray* for-*ʾappî* *ʿallîzê* *gaʾăwāṯî*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ṣiwwêṯî*": "verb, Piel perfect, 1st singular - have commanded/ordered", "*liməquddāšāy*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - to my consecrated ones", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*qārāʾṯî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have called/summoned", "*gibbôray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my mighty ones/warriors", "*ləʾappî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - for my anger", "*ʿallîzê*": "adjective, masculine plural, construct - exulting ones of/rejoicing ones of", "*gaʾăwāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my majesty/pride" }, "variants": { "*məquddāšāy*": "my consecrated ones/my holy ones/those set apart for me", "*gibbôray*": "my mighty ones/my warriors/my heroes", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nostrils/my wrath", "*ʿallîzê*": "exulting ones/rejoicing ones/those who triumph", "*gaʾăwāṯî*": "my majesty/my pride/my exaltation" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.4", "source": "ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*Qôl* *hāmôn* in-the-*hārîm* *dəmûṯ* *ʿam*-*rāḇ* *qôl* *šəʾôn* *mamləḵôṯ* *gôyim* *neʾĕsāp̄îm* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *məp̄aqqēḏ* *ṣəḇā* *milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of", "*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - multitude/tumult/crowd", "*behārîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural, + definite article - in the mountains", "*dəmûṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - likeness of/resemblance of", "*ʿam-rāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular + adjective - many/great people", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of", "*šəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - roar of/tumult of", "*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - kingdoms of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations/peoples", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine plural - being gathered/assembled", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies", "*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - mustering/numbering/commanding", "*ṣəḇā*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - army of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - war/battle" }, "variants": { "*hāmôn*": "multitude/tumult/crowd/noise", "*dəmûṯ*": "likeness/resemblance/form/appearance", "*šəʾôn*": "roar/tumult/uproar", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "being gathered/being assembled/coming together", "*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "mustering/numbering/commanding/appointing" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.5", "source": "בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Bāʾîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *merḥāq* from-*qəṣēh* the-*šāmāyim* *YHWH* *û*-*ḵəlê* *zaʿmô* *lə*-*ḥabbēl* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*bāʾîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - coming/arriving", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - from land of", "*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - distance/far place", "*miqṣēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - from end of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens/sky", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ûḵəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural, construct - and weapons/tools of", "*zaʿmô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his indignation/wrath", "*ləḥabbēl*": "preposition + verb, Piel infinitive construct - to destroy/ruin", "*kol-hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - all the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*merḥāq*": "distance/far place/remote region", "*ḵəlê*": "weapons/tools/instruments/vessels", "*zaʿmô*": "his indignation/his wrath/his fury", "*ləḥabbēl*": "to destroy/to ruin/to devastate" } }
• Isa 13:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.17", "source": "הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "Behold-me *mēʿîr* against-them *ʾeṯ*-*Māḏāy* who-*kesep̄* not *yaḥšōḇû* *wə*-*zāhāḇ* not *yaḥpəṣû*-in-it", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold me", "*mēʿîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʾeṯ-māḏāy*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the Medes", "*ʾăšer-kesep̄*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - who silver", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they regard/esteem", "*wəzāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and gold", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥpəṣû-ḇô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they delight in it" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "they regard/esteem/value/consider", "*yaḥpəṣû*": "they delight in/desire/take pleasure in" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.18", "source": "וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃", "text": "*Û*-*qəšāṯôṯ* *nəʿārîm* *təraṭṭašnāh* *û*-*p̄ərî*-*ḇeṭen* not *yəraḥēmû* upon-*bānîm* not-*ṯāḥûs* *ʿênām*", "grammar": { "*ûqəšāṯôṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and bows", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - young men/youths", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will shatter", "*ûp̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct + noun, masculine, singular - and fruit of womb", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəraḥēmû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will have mercy on", "*ʿal-bānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - upon children/sons", "*lōʾ-ṯāḥûs*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will not pity", "*ʿênām*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eye" }, "variants": { "*qəšāṯôṯ*": "bows/weapons", "*nəʿārîm*": "young men/youths/lads", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "they will shatter/smash/dash to pieces", "*p̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "fruit of womb/children/offspring", "*yəraḥēmû*": "they will have mercy on/compassion on/pity", "*ṯāḥûs*": "will pity/spare/look with compassion" } }
• Isa 21:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.2", "source": "חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃", "text": "*ḥāzūt* *qāšāh* *huggad*-to me the *bōgēd* *bōgēd* and the *šōdēd* *šōdēd* go up *'ēylām* besiege *māday* all-*'anḥātāh* *hišbattî*", "grammar": { "*ḥāzūt*": "noun, feminine singular - vision/revelation", "*qāšāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - hard/harsh/severe", "*huggad*": "verb, hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was told/declared", "*bōgēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the treacherous one/betrayer", "*bōgēd*": "verb, qal active participle - betrays/deals treacherously", "*šōdēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the devastator/plunderer", "*šōdēd*": "verb, qal active participle - devastates/plunders", "*'ēylām*": "proper noun - Elam (region east of Babylon)", "*ṣūrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - besiege", "*māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*'anḥātāh*": "noun, feminine singular with suffix - sighing/groaning", "*hišbattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have caused to cease/ended" }, "variants": { "*ḥāzūt qāšāh*": "harsh vision/grievous vision/hard prophecy", "*bōgēd bōgēd*": "the betrayer betrays/the treacherous one deals treacherously", "*šōdēd šōdēd*": "the destroyer destroys/the plunderer plunders", "*ṣūrî*": "besiege/attack/lay siege to", "*hišbattî*": "I have ended/I have made to cease/I have caused to stop" } }
• Isa 41:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Isaiah.41.25", "source": "הַעִיר֤וֹתִי מִצָּפוֹן֙ וַיַּ֔את מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ יִקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֑י וְיָבֹ֤א סְגָנִים֙ כְּמוֹ־חֹ֔מֶר וּכְמ֥וֹ יוֹצֵ֖ר יִרְמָס־טִֽיט׃", "text": "*haʿîrôtî miṣṣāpôn wayyaʾt mi-mizraḥ-šemeš yiqrāʾ ḇišmî wəyāḇōʾ səḡānîm kəmô-ḥōmer ûḵəmô yôṣēr yirmās-ṭîṭ*", "grammar": { "*haʿîrôtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st person common singular - I have aroused/stirred up", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the north", "*wayyaʾt*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular (with waw consecutive) - and he came", "*mi-mizraḥ-šemeš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - from the east/sunrising", "*yiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he calls", "*ḇišmî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix - on my name", "*wəyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will come", "*səḡānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rulers/officials", "*kəmô-ḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mortar", "*ûḵəmô*": "conjunction + preposition - and like", "*yôṣēr*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - potter/one forming", "*yirmās-ṭîṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - treads clay/mud" }, "variants": { "*haʿîrôtî*": "I have aroused/stirred up/awakened", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "from the north/northern region", "*wayyaʾt*": "and he came/has come/will come", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "east/sunrising/sunrise", "*yiqrāʾ ḇišmî*": "calls on my name/proclaims my name/invokes my name", "*səḡānîm*": "rulers/officials/governors/princes", "*kəmô-ḥōmer*": "like clay/mortar/mud", "*yôṣēr*": "potter/craftsman/one who forms", "*yirmās-ṭîṭ*": "treads clay/mud/tramples mortar" } }
• Isa 45:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.1", "source": "כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to-*māšîḥô* to-*kôreš* whom-*heḥĕzaqtî* in-*yĕmînô* to-*rad* before-him *gôyim* and-*mātĕnê* *mĕlākîm* *ʾăpattēaḥ* to-*pĕtōaḥ* before-him *dĕlātayim* and-*šĕʿārîm* not *yissāgērû*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*māšîḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his anointed one", "*kôreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I strengthened/grasped", "*yĕmînô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his right hand", "*rad*": "infinitive construct - to subdue", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*mātĕnê*": "construct plural of *moten* - loins of", "*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*ʾăpattēaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will loosen/open", "*pĕtōaḥ*": "qal infinitive construct - to open", "*dĕlātayim*": "feminine dual noun - doors/gates", "*šĕʿārîm*": "masculine plural noun - gates", "*yissāgērû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be shut" }, "variants": { "*māšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "I strengthened/I grasped/I took hold of", "*rad*": "to subdue/to rule over/to have dominion", "*mātĕnê*": "loins/waist/strength", "*ʾăpattēaḥ*": "I will loosen/I will open/I will ungird" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.2", "source": "אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים *אושר **אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ", "text": "*ʾănî* before-you *ʾēlēk* and-*hădûrîm* *ʾăyaššēr* *daltôt* *nĕḥûšâ* *ʾăšabbēr* and-*bĕrîḥê* *barzel* *ʾăgaddēaʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾēlēk*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will go", "*hădûrîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - swellings/mountains/crooked places", "*ʾăyaššēr*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will make straight/level", "*daltôt*": "feminine plural construct - doors of", "*nĕḥûšâ*": "feminine singular noun - bronze/copper", "*ʾăšabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will break/shatter", "*bĕrîḥê*": "masculine plural construct - bars of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*ʾăgaddēaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will cut down/chop off" }, "variants": { "*hădûrîm*": "swellings/mountains/crooked places/difficult terrain", "*ʾăyaššēr*": "I will make straight/I will level/I will make smooth", "*ʾăšabbēr*": "I will break/I will shatter/I will break in pieces", "*ʾăgaddēaʿ*": "I will cut down/I will chop off/I will cut in pieces" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.3", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י לְךָ֙ אוֹצְר֣וֹת חֹ֔שֶׁךְ וּמַטְמֻנֵ֖י מִסְתָּרִ֑ים לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה הַקּוֹרֵ֥א בְשִׁמְךָ֖ אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And-*nātattî* to-you *ʾôṣĕrôt* *ḥōšek* and-*maṭmunê* *mistārîm* for-*maʿan* *tēdaʿ* that-*ʾănî* *YHWH* the-*qôrēʾ* in-your-name *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave/I will give", "*ʾôṣĕrôt*": "masculine plural construct - treasures of", "*ḥōšek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*maṭmunê*": "masculine plural construct - hidden treasures of", "*mistārîm*": "masculine plural noun - secret places/hiding places", "*maʿan*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*tēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*qôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - calling/who calls", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʾôṣĕrôt*": "treasures/storehouses/hoards", "*maṭmunê*": "hidden treasures/hidden things/things stored up", "*mistārîm*": "secret places/hiding places/concealed areas", "*qôrēʾ*": "calling/who calls/who summons" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.4", "source": "לְמַ֙עַן֙ עַבְדִּ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּחִירִ֑י וָאֶקְרָ֤א לְךָ֙ בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ אֲכַנְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי", "text": "For-*maʿan* my-servant *yaʿăqōb* and-*yiśrāʾēl* my-*bĕḥîrî* and-*ʾeqrāʾ* to-you in-your-name *ʾăkannĕkā* and-not *yĕdaʿtānî*", "grammar": { "*maʿan*": "conjunction - for the sake of/because of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bĕḥîrî*": "masculine singular adjective with 1st person suffix - my chosen one", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - I called", "*ʾăkannĕkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person suffix - I will name you/I will give you a title", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - you knew me" }, "variants": { "*bĕḥîrî*": "my chosen one/my elect/my selected one", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I called/I summoned/I named", "*ʾăkannĕkā*": "I will name you/I will give you a title/I will surname you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "you knew me/you recognized me/you acknowledged me" } }
• Jer 15:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.15.14", "source": "וְהַֽעֲבַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתָּ כִּֽי־אֵ֛שׁ קָדְחָ֥ה בְאַפִּ֖י עֲלֵיכֶ֥ם תּוּקָֽד׃", "text": "*wə-haʿăbartî* *ʾet-ʾōybekā* in-land not *yādāʿtā*; for-*ʾēš* *qādḥâ* in-my-anger against-you *tûqād*.", "grammar": { "*wə-haʿăbartî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 1st common singular - and I will cause to pass over", "*ʾet-ʾōybekā*": "direct object marker + qal participle masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*yādāʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have known", "*ʾēš*": "noun common feminine singular - fire", "*qādḥâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it is kindled", "*bə-ʾappî*": "preposition + noun common masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - in my anger/nose", "*tûqād*": "hophal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will be kindled" }, "variants": { "*wə-haʿăbartî*": "and I will cause to pass/I will make [you] serve", "*bə-ʾereṣ lōʾ yādāʿtā*": "in a land you do not know/in an unknown country", "*ʾēš qādḥâ bə-ʾappî*": "a fire is kindled in my anger/fire has ignited in my wrath", "*ʿălêkem tûqād*": "against you it is kindled/upon you it will burn" } }
• Jer 50:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.3", "source": "כִּ֣י עָלָה֩ עָלֶ֨יהָ גּ֜וֹי מִצָּפ֗וֹן הֽוּא־יָשִׁ֤ית אֶת־אַרְצָהּ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּ֑הּ מֵאָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה נָ֥דוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃", "text": "For *ʿālâ* against-her *gôy* from-*ṣāpôn* he-*yāšît* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣāh* to-*šammâ* and-not-*yihyê* *yôšēb* in-her from-*ʾādām* and-unto-*bĕhēmâ* *nādû* *hālākû*.", "grammar": { "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - comes up/ascends/advances", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation/people", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*yāšît*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will make/set/place", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her land", "*šammâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*yihyê*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one dwelling/inhabitant", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind/human", "*bĕhēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/cattle/animal", "*nādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they flee/wander", "*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they go/walk/depart" }, "variants": { "*ʿālâ*": "comes up/ascends/advances/attacks", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*šammâ*": "desolation/waste/horror/astonishment", "*nādû*": "they flee/wander/depart" } }
• Jer 50:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.14", "source": "עִרְכ֨וּ עַל־בָּבֶ֤ל ׀ סָבִיב֙ כָּל־דֹּ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת יְד֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַֽל־תַּחְמְל֖וּ אֶל־חֵ֑ץ כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָֽאָה׃", "text": "*ʿIrkû* against-*Bābel* *sābîb* all-*dōrĕkê* *qešet* *yĕdû* to-her not-*taḥmĕlû* to-*ḥēṣ* for to-*YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿIrkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - array/draw up in battle order", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*dōrĕkê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who bend/tread", "*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*yĕdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - shoot/throw", "*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural (jussive sense with negative) - spare/pity", "*ḥēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - arrow", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has sinned" }, "variants": { "*ʿIrkû*": "array/draw up in battle order/prepare", "*dōrĕkê* *qešet*": "those who bend/tread the bow (archers)", "*yĕdû*": "shoot/throw/cast", "*taḥmĕlû*": "spare/pity/have compassion", "*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "she has sinned/offended/done wrong" } }
• Jer 50:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.21", "source": "עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ מְרָתַ֙יִם֙ עֲלֵ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּק֑וֹד חֲרֹ֨ב וְהַחֲרֵ֤ם אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשֵׂ֕ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ ס", "text": "Against the *ʾarets* *məratayim* *ʿaleh* against her and against *yoshvey* *pəqod* *ḥarov* and *haḥarem* after them *nəʾum*-*YHWH* and *ʿaseh* according to all which *tsivviticha*.", "grammar": { "*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land", "*məratayim*": "proper noun/place name - Merathaim", "*ʿaleh*": "imperative, masculine singular - go up", "*yoshvey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*pəqod*": "proper noun/place name - Pekod", "*ḥarov*": "imperative, masculine singular - destroy/slay", "*haḥarem*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʿaseh*": "imperative, masculine singular - do", "*tsivviticha*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have commanded you" }, "variants": { "*ʾarets*": "land/earth/territory", "*məratayim*": "Double Rebellion/Double Bitterness (symbolic name for Babylon)", "*ʿaleh*": "go up/ascend/attack", "*pəqod*": "Visitation/Punishment (symbolic name for Babylonian region)", "*ḥarov*": "destroy/slay/waste", "*haḥarem*": "utterly destroy/ban/devote to destruction", "*ʿaseh*": "do/perform/accomplish" } }
• Jer 50:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.26", "source": "בֹּֽאוּ־לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־תְּהִי־לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃", "text": "*boʾu*-to her from *qets* *pitḥu* *maʾavuseha* *salluha* like-*ʿaremim* and *haḥarimuha* not *təhi*-to her *shəʾerit*.", "grammar": { "*boʾu*": "imperative, masculine plural - come", "*qets*": "noun, masculine singular - end/extremity", "*pitḥu*": "imperative, masculine plural - open", "*maʾavuseha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her granaries/storehouses", "*salluha*": "imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - pile her up", "*ʿaremim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps", "*haḥarimuha*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - utterly destroy her", "*təhi*": "jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let there be", "*shəʾerit*": "noun, feminine singular - remnant/remainder" }, "variants": { "*boʾu*": "come/enter/arrive", "*qets*": "end/extremity/furthest border", "*pitḥu*": "open/unlock/release", "*maʾavuseha*": "her granaries/storehouses/barns", "*salluha*": "pile her up/heap her up", "*ʿaremim*": "heaps/piles/stacks", "*haḥarimuha*": "utterly destroy her/devote her to destruction", "*shəʾerit*": "remnant/remainder/survivor" } }
• Jer 50:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.29", "source": "הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶל־בָּבֶ֣ל ׀ רַ֠בִּים כָּל־דֹּ֨רְכֵי קֶ֜שֶׁת חֲנ֧וּ עָלֶ֣יהָ סָבִ֗יב אַל־יְהִי־לָהּ֙ פְּלֵטָ֔ה שַׁלְּמוּ־לָ֣הּ כְּפָעֳלָ֔הּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָ֑הּ כִּ֧י אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה זָ֖דָה אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hashmiʿu* to *bavel* *rabbim* all-*dorkhey* *qeshet* *ḥanu* against her *saviv* not *yəhi*-to her *pəletah* *shallemu*-to her according to *pŏʿolah* according to all which *ʿastah* *ʿasu*-to her for against *YHWH* *zadah* against *qədosh* *yisraʾel*.", "grammar": { "*hashmiʿu*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - summon/call/announce", "*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*rabbim*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*dorkhey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - drawers/benders of", "*qeshet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*ḥanu*": "imperative, masculine plural - encamp", "*saviv*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*yəhi*": "jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be", "*pəletah*": "noun, feminine singular - escape/deliverance", "*shallemu*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - repay", "*pŏʿolah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her deed", "*ʿastah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has done", "*ʿasu*": "imperative, masculine plural - do", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*zadah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has acted proudly", "*qədosh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of", "*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hashmiʿu*": "summon/call/announce to", "*rabbim*": "many/numerous/great", "*dorkhey*": "drawers/benders of/archers", "*qeshet*": "bow/weapon", "*ḥanu*": "encamp/set up camp/besiege", "*saviv*": "around/surrounding/on every side", "*pəletah*": "escape/deliverance/fugitive", "*shallemu*": "repay/requite/recompense", "*pŏʿolah*": "her deed/work/action", "*zadah*": "acted proudly/presumptuously/arrogantly" } }
• Jer 50:41-42 : 41 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.41", "source": "הִנֵּ֛ה עַ֥ם בָּ֖א מִצָּפ֑וֹן וְג֤וֹי גָּדוֹל֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים יֵעֹ֖רוּ מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "Behold, *ʿam* *bāʾ* from-*ṣāpôn*, and-*gôy* *gādôl* and-*mĕlākîm* *rabbîm* *yēʿōrû* from-*yarkĕtê*-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - coming", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from the north", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/numerous", "*yēʿōrû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be aroused/stirred up", "*miyyarkĕtê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from the remote parts of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*mĕlākîm*": "kings/rulers", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great", "*yēʿōrû*": "will be aroused/stirred up/awakened", "*yarkĕtê*": "remote parts/farthest reaches/extremities", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 42 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.42", "source": "קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִידֹ֞ן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃", "text": "*qešet* and-*kîdōn* *yaḥăzîqû*, *ʾakzārî* *hēmmâ* and-not *yĕraḥēmû*; *qôlām* like-*hayyām* *yehĕmeh*, and-upon-*sûsîm* *yirkābû*, *ʿārûk* like-*ʾîš* for-*hammilḥāmâ* against-you, *bat*-*bābel*.", "grammar": { "*qešet*": "feminine singular noun - bow", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*kîdōn*": "masculine singular noun - javelin/spear", "*yaḥăzîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will grasp firmly", "*ʾakzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yĕraḥēmû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will show mercy", "*qôlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*ka*": "preposition - like/as", "*hayyām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea", "*yehĕmeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it roars", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*yirkābû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will ride", "*ʿārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/prepared", "*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*la*": "preposition - for", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle/war", "*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*qešet*": "bow/archer", "*kîdōn*": "javelin/spear/lance", "*yaḥăzîqû*": "will grasp firmly/wield/hold", "*ʾakzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless", "*yĕraḥēmû*": "will show mercy/have compassion", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound", "*yehĕmeh*": "roars/makes noise/is tumultuous", "*yirkābû*": "will ride/mount", "*ʿārûk*": "arranged/prepared/drawn up in battle array", "*bat-bābel*": "daughter of Babylon (personification of Babylon)" } }
• Jer 51:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.1", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מֵעִ֣יר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י ר֖וּחַ מַשְׁחִֽית׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnî* *mēʿîr* against-*Bāvel* and-against-*yōšvê* *lēv qāmāy* *rûaḥ mašḥît*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hinnî*": "interjection with 1st person suffix - behold me/I am", "*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - causing to awake/arousing/stirring up", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yōšvê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*lēv qāmāy*": "construct phrase, possibly code name for Chaldea (atbash cipher for Kasdim)", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit/breath", "*mašḥît*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - destroying/destructive" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*lēv qāmāy*": "heart of those who rise against me/Chaldea (cryptic name using atbash cipher)/midst of my adversaries", "*rûaḥ mašḥît*": "destroying wind/destructive spirit" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.2", "source": "וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֤ל ׀ זָרִים֙ וְזֵר֔וּהָ וִיבֹקְק֖וּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֑הּ כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּי֥וֹם רָעָֽה׃", "text": "And-*šillaḥtî* to-*Bāvel* *zārîm* and-*zērûhā* and-*yevōqqû* *ʾet*-land-her, because-*hāyû* against-her from-*sāvîv* in-*yôm rāʿāh*.", "grammar": { "*šillaḥtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I will send", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*zārîm*": "masculine plural noun - strangers/foreigners", "*zērûhā*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will winnow/scatter her", "*yevōqqû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd plural - they will empty/make void", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be", "*sāvîv*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/calamity/distress" }, "variants": { "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/winnowers", "*zērûhā*": "winnow her/fan her/scatter her", "*yevōqqû*": "empty/make void/lay waste to", "*sāvîv*": "surrounding/from all sides/round about", "*yôm rāʿāh*": "day of evil/day of calamity/day of distress" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.3", "source": "אֶֽל־יִדְרֹ֤ךְ *ידרך הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנּ֑וֹ וְאַֽל־תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל־בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל־צְבָאָֽהּ׃", "text": "Against-*yidrōḵ* *haddōrēḵ* *qaštô* and-against-*yitʿal* in-*siryōnô* and-not-*taḥmĕlû* against-*baḥûreyhā*; *haḥărîmû* all-*ṣĕvāʾāh*.", "grammar": { "*yidrōḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will tread/bend", "*haddōrēḵ*": "qal participle with definite article - the one treading/bending", "*qaštô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow", "*yitʿal*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will raise himself/exalt himself", "*siryōnô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his coat of mail/armor", "*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall spare/have compassion", "*baḥûreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her young men", "*haḥărîmû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - destroy completely/devote to destruction", "*ṣĕvāʾāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her army/host" }, "variants": { "*yidrōḵ*": "let him tread/let him bend/let him not tread (with negative)", "*yitʿal*": "let him lift himself up/let him not exalt himself (with negative)", "*siryōnô*": "his coat of mail/his armor/his brigandine", "*haḥărîmû*": "devote to destruction/utterly destroy/put under the ban" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.4", "source": "וְנָפְל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וּמְדֻקָּרִ֖ים בְּחוּצוֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And-*nāp̄lû* *ḥălālîm* in-*ʾereṣ Kaśdîm* and-*mĕduqqārîm* in-*ḥûṣôtêhā*.", "grammar": { "*nāp̄lû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will fall", "*ḥălālîm*": "masculine plural noun - slain/wounded/pierced", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun construct - land of", "*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*mĕduqqārîm*": "pual participle masculine plural - thrust through/pierced", "*ḥûṣôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her streets" }, "variants": { "*ḥălālîm*": "slain/wounded/those who were pierced", "*mĕduqqārîm*": "thrust through/pierced/stabbed to death" } }
• Jer 51:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.11", "source": "הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־עַל־בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hāvērû* the-*ḥiṣṣîm*, *milʾû* the-*šĕlāṭîm*. *Hēʿîr* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*rûaḥ* *malḵê Māday*, for-against-*Bāvel* *mĕzimmātô* to-destroy-her, for-*niqmat* *YHWH* *hîʾ*, *niqmat* *hêḵālô*.", "grammar": { "*Hāvērû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - sharpen/polish", "*ḥiṣṣîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the arrows", "*milʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - fill", "*šĕlāṭîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the shields/quivers", "*Hēʿîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has stirred up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural noun construct - kings of", "*Māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*mĕzimmātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his purpose/device", "*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it (is)", "*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*hêḵālô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his temple" }, "variants": { "*Hāvērû*": "sharpen/polish/make bright", "*šĕlāṭîm*": "shields/quivers", "*Hēʿîr*": "stirred up/aroused/awakened", "*mĕzimmātô*": "his device/his purpose/his plan", "*niqmat*": "vengeance of/retribution of/revenge of" } }
• Jer 51:27-28 : 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.27", "source": "שְׂאוּ־נֵ֣ס בָּאָ֗רֶץ תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֤ר בַּגּוֹיִם֙ קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם הַשְׁמִ֧יעוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מַמְלְכ֥וֹת אֲרָרַ֖ט מִנִּ֣י וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז פִּקְד֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ טִפְסָ֔ר הַֽעֲלוּ־ס֖וּס כְּיֶ֥לֶק סָמָֽר׃", "text": "*Se'u-nes ba-'arets*, *tiq'u shofar ba-goyim*, *qaddeshu* against her *goyim*, *hashmi'u* against her *mamlekot 'Ararat Minni we-'Ashkenaz*; *piqdu* against her *tifsar*, *ha'alu-sus ke-yeleq samar*.", "grammar": { "*se'u-nes*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - lift up a standard", "*ba-'arets*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the land", "*tiq'u*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - blow", "*shofar*": "noun, masculine singular - trumpet/ram's horn", "*ba-goyim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - among the nations", "*qaddeshu*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate/prepare", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*hashmi'u*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cause to hear/proclaim", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*mamlekot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*'Ararat*": "proper noun - Ararat", "*Minni*": "proper noun - Minni", "*we-'Ashkenaz*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ashkenaz", "*piqdu*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - appoint", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*tifsar*": "noun, masculine singular - marshal/captain", "*ha'alu-sus*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - bring up horses", "*ke-yeleq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like locusts", "*samar*": "adjective, masculine singular - bristling/rough" }, "variants": { "*nes*": "standard/banner/signal/pole", "*tiq'u shofar*": "blow trumpet/sound ram's horn", "*qaddesh*": "consecrate/prepare/sanctify/set apart", "*hashmi'u*": "cause to hear/proclaim/announce", "*piqdu*": "appoint/command/oversee", "*tifsar*": "marshal/captain/official", "*ha'alu*": "bring up/offer up/cause to ascend", "*yeleq*": "locusts/caterpillars", "*samar*": "bristling/rough/horrid" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.28", "source": "קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Qaddeshu* against her *goyim*, *'et-malkey Maday*, *'et-pachoteyha* and *'et-kol-seganeyha*, and *'et* all *'erets memshalto*.", "grammar": { "*qaddeshu*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate/prepare", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*malkey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Maday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*pachoteyha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her governors", "*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol-seganeyha*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all her rulers", "*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol-'erets*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular construct - all the land of", "*memshalto*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dominion" }, "variants": { "*qaddesh*": "consecrate/prepare/sanctify/set apart", "*malkey*": "kings of/rulers of", "*pachot*": "governors/deputies/provincial rulers", "*seganim*": "rulers/officials/prefects", "*memshalah*": "dominion/rule/authority" } }