3 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.3",
"source": "וַיָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ וַיִּמְצָ֥א אָנִיָּ֣ה ׀ בָּאָ֣ה תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜הּ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּהּ֙ לָב֤וֹא עִמָּהֶם֙ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyāqom* *Yônāh* *liḇrōaḥ* *Taršîšāh* from-before *YHWH* and-*wayyēreḏ* *Yāpô* and-*wayyimṣāʾ* *ʾŏniyyāh* *bāʾāh* *Taršîš* and-*wayyittēn* *śəḵārāh* and-*wayyēreḏ* in-her *lāḇôʾ* with-them *Taršîšāh* from-before *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arose",
"*Yônāh*": "proper noun - Jonah",
"*liḇrōaḥ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to flee",
"*Taršîšāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Tarshish",
"*wayyēreḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down",
"*Yāpô*": "proper noun - Joppa/Yafo",
"*wayyimṣāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he found",
"*ʾŏniyyāh*": "noun feminine singular - ship",
"*bāʾāh*": "qal participle feminine singular - going/coming",
"*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish",
"*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*śəḵārāh*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its fare/passage price",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/go",
"*Taršîšāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Tarshish"
},
"variants": {
"*liḇrōaḥ*": "to flee/escape/run away",
"*Taršîšāh*": "to Tarshish (possibly Spain, Sardinia, or a distant port)",
"*śəḵārāh*": "its fare/payment/wage"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.4",
"source": "וַֽיהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וַיְהִ֥י סַֽעַר־גָּד֖וֹל בַּיָּ֑ם וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃",
"text": "And-*YHWH* *hēṭîl* *rûaḥ*-*gəḏôlāh* unto-the-*yām* and-*wayəhî* *saʿar*-*gāḏôl* in-the-*yām* and-the-*ʾŏniyyāh* *ḥiššəḇāh* *ləhiššāḇēr*",
"grammar": {
"*hēṭîl*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - hurled/cast/threw",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular construct - wind/spirit",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great/mighty",
"*yām*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sea",
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was",
"*saʿar*": "noun masculine singular construct - storm/tempest",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/mighty",
"*ʾŏniyyāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - ship",
"*ḥiššəḇāh*": "piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - thought/considered/imagined",
"*ləhiššāḇēr*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be broken/wrecked"
},
"variants": {
"*hēṭîl*": "hurled/cast/threw/sent",
"*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath",
"*saʿar*": "storm/tempest/gale",
"*ḥiššəḇāh*": "thought/considered/reckoned/was about to",
"*ləhiššāḇēr*": "to be broken/wrecked/shattered"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.5",
"source": "וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyîrəʾû* the-*mallāḥîm* and-*wayyizʿăqû* *ʾîš* unto-*ʾĕlōhāyw* and-*wayyāṭilû* the-*kēlîm* which in-the-*ʾŏniyyāh* unto-the-*yām* *ləhāqēl* from-upon-them and-*Yônāh* *yāraḏ* unto-*yarḵəṯēy* the-*səpînāh* and-*wayyiškaḇ* and-*wayyērāḏam*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyîrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they feared",
"*mallāḥîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - sailors/mariners",
"*wayyizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods/his God",
"*wayyāṭilû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they threw",
"*kēlîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - vessels/cargo/equipment",
"*ʾŏniyyāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - ship",
"*yām*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sea",
"*ləhāqēl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to lighten",
"*yāraḏ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - had gone down",
"*yarḵəṯēy*": "noun feminine plural construct - innermost parts/sides",
"*səpînāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - ship/vessel",
"*wayyiškaḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lay down",
"*wayyērāḏam*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he fell fast asleep"
},
"variants": {
"*mallāḥîm*": "sailors/mariners/seamen",
"*wayyizʿăqû*": "cried out/called/shouted",
"*kēlîm*": "vessels/cargo/equipment/implements",
"*ləhāqēl*": "to lighten/make lighter/ease",
"*yarḵəṯēy*": "innermost parts/sides/recesses",
"*wayyērāḏam*": "fell fast asleep/went into deep sleep"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.6",
"source": "וַיִּקְרַ֤ב אֵלָיו֙ רַ֣ב הַחֹבֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ מַה־לְּךָ֣ נִרְדָּ֑ם ק֚וּם קְרָ֣א אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אוּלַ֞י יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים לָ֖נוּ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד׃",
"text": "And-*wayyiqraḇ* unto-him *raḇ* the-*ḥōḇēl* and-*wayyōmer* to-him what-to-you *nirdām* *qûm* *qərāʾ* unto-*ʾĕlōheḵā* perhaps *yiṯʿaššēṯ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* for-us and-not we-perish",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqraḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came near",
"*raḇ*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief/captain",
"*ḥōḇēl*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sailor/pilot",
"*wayyōmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*nirdām*": "niphal participle masculine singular - sleeping/sleeper",
"*qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise",
"*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - call",
"*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*yiṯʿaššēṯ*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will think about/consider/take notice",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - the God/gods"
},
"variants": {
"*raḇ* *ḥōḇēl*": "captain of the ship/chief sailor/pilot",
"*nirdām*": "sleeping soundly/in deep sleep/slumbering",
"*yiṯʿaššēṯ*": "will think about/consider/take notice of/have compassion on",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/deity"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.7",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ לְכוּ֙ וְנַפִּ֣ילָה גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה בְּשֶׁלְּמִ֛י הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑נוּ וַיַּפִּ֙לוּ֙ גּֽוֹרָל֔וֹת וַיִּפֹּ֥ל הַגּוֹרָ֖ל עַל־יוֹנָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōmərû* *ʾîš* unto-*rēʿēhû* *ləḵû* and-*nappîlāh* *gôrālôṯ* and-*nēḏəʿāh* for-whom the-*rāʿāh* the-*zōʾṯ* to-us and-*wayyappilû* *gôrālôṯ* and-*wayyippōl* the-*gôrāl* upon-*Yônāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his companion/neighbor",
"*ləḵû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - come/go",
"*nappîlāh*": "hiphil cohortative 1st common plural - let us cast",
"*gôrālôṯ*": "noun masculine plural - lots",
"*nēḏəʿāh*": "qal cohortative 1st common plural - let us know",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - evil/calamity",
"*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative feminine singular + definite article - this",
"*wayyappilû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they cast",
"*wayyippōl*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it fell",
"*gôrāl*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - lot"
},
"variants": {
"*rēʿēhû*": "his companion/neighbor/fellow",
"*gôrālôṯ*": "lots/dice/divine determination tools",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/disaster/misfortune"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.8",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו הַגִּידָה־נָּ֣א לָ֔נוּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר לְמִי־הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָ֑נוּ מַה־מְּלַאכְתְּךָ֙ וּמֵאַ֣יִן תָּב֔וֹא מָ֣ה אַרְצֶ֔ךָ וְאֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עַ֖ם אָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōmərû* unto-him *haggîḏāh*-*nāʾ* to-us on-account-of-whom the-*rāʿāh* the-*zōʾṯ* to-us what-*məlaʾḵtəḵā* and-from-where *tāḇôʾ* what *ʾarṣeḵā* and-from-which *ʿam* you",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*haggîḏāh*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - tell/declare",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - evil/calamity",
"*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative feminine singular + definite article - this",
"*məlaʾḵtəḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your occupation",
"*tāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you come",
"*ʾarṣeḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your land/country",
"*ʿam*": "noun masculine singular - people"
},
"variants": {
"*haggîḏāh*-*nāʾ*": "please tell/inform us now",
"*məlaʾḵtəḵā*": "your occupation/work/business",
"*ʾarṣeḵā*": "your land/country/territory"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jonah.1.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עִבְרִ֣י אָנֹ֑כִי וְאֶת־יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֲנִ֣י יָרֵ֔א אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם וְאֶת־הַיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōmer* unto-them *ʿIḇrî* *ʾānōḵî* and-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêy* the-*šāmayim* *ʾănî* *yārēʾ* who-*ʿāśāh* the-*yām* and-the-*yabbāšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʿIḇrî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Hebrew",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*ʾĕlōhêy*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun masculine dual + definite article - heavens",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*yārēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - fearing",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - made/created",
"*yām*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sea",
"*yabbāšāh*": "noun feminine singular + definite article - dry land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿIḇrî*": "Hebrew/one from beyond (the river)",
"*yārēʾ*": "fearing/revering/worshiping",
"*yabbāšāh*": "dry land/earth/continent"
}
}