Hebrews 12:21

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Hebrews.12.21", "source": "Καί οὕτως φοβερὸν ἦν τὸ φανταζόμενον, Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν, Ἔκφοβός εἰμι καὶ ἔντρομος:)", "text": "And so *phoberon ēn* the *phantazomenon*, *Mōusēs eipen*, *Ekphobos eimi* and *entromos*:)", "grammar": { "*phoberon*": "adjective, nominative, singular, neuter - fearful/terrifying", "*ēn*": "verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was", "*phantazomenon*": "participle, present passive, nominative, singular, neuter - appearing/being made visible", "*Mōusēs*": "proper noun, nominative, singular, masculine - Moses", "*eipen*": "verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - said", "*Ekphobos*": "adjective, nominative, singular, masculine - exceedingly afraid/terrified", "*eimi*": "verb, present active indicative, 1st person singular - I am", "*entromos*": "adjective, nominative, singular, masculine - trembling/quaking" }, "variants": { "*phoberon*": "fearful/terrifying/frightening", "*phantazomenon*": "appearing/being made visible/being displayed", "*Ekphobos*": "exceedingly afraid/terrified/frightened", "*entromos*": "trembling/quaking/shaking with fear" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καί οὕτως φοβερὸν ἦν τὸ φανταζόμενον, Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν, Ἔκφοβός εἰμι καὶ ἔντρομος:)

Transliteration

And so phoberon ēn the phantazomenon, Mōusēs eipen, Ekphobos eimi and entromos:)

Grammar Details

• *phoberon*: adjective, nominative, singular, neuter - fearful/terrifying
• *ēn*: verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was
• *phantazomenon*: participle, present passive, nominative, singular, neuter - appearing/being made visible
• *Mōusēs*: proper noun, nominative, singular, masculine - Moses
• *eipen*: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - said
• *Ekphobos*: adjective, nominative, singular, masculine - exceedingly afraid/terrified
• *eimi*: verb, present active indicative, 1st person singular - I am
• *entromos*: adjective, nominative, singular, masculine - trembling/quaking

Word Meanings

• *phoberon*: fearful/terrifying/frightening
• *phantazomenon*: appearing/being made visible/being displayed
• *Ekphobos*: exceedingly afraid/terrified/frightened
• *entromos*: trembling/quaking/shaking with fear

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The sight was so terrifying that Moses said, "I am trembling with fear."

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And so terrifying was the sight that Moses said, "I am exceedingly afraid and trembling."

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and{G2532} so{G3779} fearful{G5398} was{G2258} the appearance,{G5324} [that] Moses{G3475} said,{G2036} I{G1510} exceedingly fear{G1630} and{G2532} quake:{G1790}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And{G2532} so{G3779} terrible{G5398} was{G2258}{(G5713)} the sight{G5324}{(G5746)}, that Moses{G3475} said{G2036}{(G5627)}, I exceedingly fear{G1630}{G1510}{(G5748)} and{G2532} quake{G1790}:)

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  eve so terreble was ye sight which appered. Moses sayde I feare and quake.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And so terrible was the sighte which appeared, that Moses sayde: I feare and quake.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And so terrible was the sight which appeared, that Moses said, I feare and quake.)

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And so terrible was the syght which appeared, that Moyses sayde, I feare and quake.)

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And so terrible was the sight, [that] Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and so fearful was the appearance, that Moses said, "I am terrified and trembling."

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and, (so terrible was the sight,) Moses said, `I am fearful exceedingly, and trembling.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and so fearful was the appearance, `that' Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and so fearful was the appearance, [that] Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the vision was so overpowering that even Moses said, I am shaking and full of fear.

• World English Bible (2000)

  and so fearful was the appearance, that Moses said, "I am terrified and trembling."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  In fact, the scene was so terrifying that Moses said,“I shudder with fear.”

Referenced Verses

• Exod 19:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.16", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yhî* in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* in *bihyōt* the *bōqer* *wə-yhî* *qōlōt* and *bərāqîm* and *ʿānān* *kābēd* on the *hār* and *qōl* *šōpār* *ḥāzāq* very and *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *ʿām* *ʾăšer* in the *maḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third", "*bihyōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - at the being of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the morning", "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and there were", "*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - voices/thunders", "*bərāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lightnings", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/thick", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*šōpār*": "noun, masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp" }, "variants": { "*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds", "*ʿānān kābēd*": "thick cloud/dense cloud/heavy cloud", "*šōpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar" } }
• Exod 19:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.19", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃", "text": "*wə-yhî* *qôl* the *šôpār* *hôlēḵ* and *ḥāzēq* very *mōšeh* *yədabbēr* and the *ʾĕlōhîm* *yaʿănennu* in *qôl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it was/became", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the ram's horn/trumpet", "*hôlēḵ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - going/continuing", "*ḥāzēq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*yədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - was speaking", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods", "*yaʿănennu*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - would answer him", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice" }, "variants": { "*hôlēḵ wə-ḥāzēq*": "growing louder and louder/increasing in volume and strength", "*yədabbēr*": "was speaking/would speak", "*bə-qôl*": "with a voice/audibly/with sound" } }
• Deut 9:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.19", "source": "כִּ֣י יָגֹ֗רְתִּי מִפְּנֵ֤י הָאַף֙ וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָצַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֥עַם הַהִֽוא׃", "text": "For *yāgōrtî* from-before the-*ʾap* and-the-*ḥēmâ* which *qāṣap* *YHWH* against-you *lĕhašmîd* you *wayyišmaʿ* *YHWH* to-me also in-the-*paʿam* the-that", "grammar": { "*yāgōrtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I was afraid", "*ʾap*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the anger", "*ḥēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the wrath", "*qāṣap*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was angry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lĕhašmîd*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*wayyišmaʿ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he listened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*paʿam*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the time" }, "variants": { "*yāgōrtî*": "I was afraid/I feared/I was in dread", "*ʾap*": "anger/nose/face", "*ḥēmâ*": "wrath/rage/fury", "*qāṣap*": "was angry/was furious/was enraged", "*lĕhašmîd*": "to destroy/to annihilate/to exterminate", "*wayyišmaʿ*": "he listened/he hearkened/he paid attention", "*paʿam*": "time/instance/occasion" } }
• Ps 119:120 : 120 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.120", "source": "סָמַ֣ר מִפַּחְדְּךָ֣ בְשָׂרִ֑י וּֽמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶ֥יךָ יָרֵֽאתִי׃", "text": "*sāmar* from-*paḥdəkā* *bəśārî* and-from-*mišpāṭêkā* *yārētî*", "grammar": { "*sāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it bristles/trembles", "*paḥdəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your dread/fear", "*bəśārî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my flesh", "*mišpāṭêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your judgments", "*yārētî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I fear/am afraid", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*sāmar*": "bristles/trembles/stands on end/shudders", "*paḥdəkā*": "your dread/fear/terror", "*bəśārî*": "my flesh/body/skin", "*mišpāṭêkā*": "your judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*yārētî*": "I fear/am afraid/stand in awe" } }
• Isa 6:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.3", "source": "וְקָרָ֨א זֶ֤ה אֶל־זֶה֙ וְאָמַ֔ר קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת מְלֹ֥א כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Wəqārāʾ* this to this *wəʾāmar* *qādôsh* *qādôsh* *qādôsh* *YHWH* *tsəbāʾôt* *məlōʾ* all-the *ʾārets* *kəbôdô*.", "grammar": { "*Wəqārāʾ*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and called/was calling", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this one", "*wəʾāmar*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and said", "*qādôsh*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*tsəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*məlōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*ʾārets*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his glory" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed", "*qādôsh*": "holy/set apart/sacred", "*YHWH tsəbāʾôt*": "LORD of hosts/armies/heavenly forces", "*ʾārets*": "earth/land/territory", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/presence/weight" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.4", "source": "וַיָּנֻ֙עוּ֙ אַמּ֣וֹת הַסִּפִּ֔ים מִקּ֖וֹל הַקּוֹרֵ֑א וְהַבַּ֖יִת יִמָּלֵ֥א עָשָֽׁן׃", "text": "*Wayyānuʿû* *ʾammôt* the *sippîm* from *qôl* the *qôrēʾ* *wəhabbayit* *yimmālēʾ* *ʿāshān*.", "grammar": { "*Wayyānuʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - and they shook/moved", "*ʾammôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - foundations/doorposts of", "*sippîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the thresholds/doorframes", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*qôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one calling", "*wəhabbayit*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular with definite article - and the house/temple", "*yimmālēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was filled/became full", "*ʿāshān*": "noun, masculine singular - smoke" }, "variants": { "*nûaʿ*": "shake/tremble/move back and forth", "*ʾammôt*": "foundations/doorposts/pillars", "*sippîm*": "thresholds/doorframes", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*qôrēʾ*": "caller/proclaimer/one crying out", "*bayit*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*ʿāshān*": "smoke/vapor" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.5", "source": "וָאֹמַ֞ר אֽוֹי־לִ֣י כִֽי־נִדְמֵ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ טְמֵֽא־שְׂפָתַ֙יִם֙ אָנֹ֔כִי וּבְתוֹךְ֙ עַם־טְמֵ֣א שְׂפָתַ֔יִם אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֑ב כִּ֗י אֶת־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת רָא֥וּ עֵינָֽי׃", "text": "*Wāʾōmar* *ʾôy-lî* *kî-nidmêtî* for *ʾîsh* *təmēʾ-śəp̄ātayim* *ʾānōkî* and in *tôk* *ʿam-təmēʾ* *śəp̄ātayim* *ʾānōkî* *yôshēb* for *ʾet*-the *melek* *YHWH* *tsəbāʾôt* *rāʾû* *ʿênāy*.", "grammar": { "*Wāʾōmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʾôy-lî*": "interjection + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - woe to me", "*kî-nidmêtî*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 1st person singular - for I am undone/ruined/cut off", "*ʾîsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*təmēʾ-śəp̄ātayim*": "adjective, masculine singular + noun, feminine dual - unclean of lips", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʿam-təmēʾ*": "noun, masculine singular + adjective, masculine singular - people unclean", "*śəp̄ātayim*": "noun, feminine dual - lips", "*yôshēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - dwelling/sitting", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*tsəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - have seen", "*ʿênāy*": "noun, feminine dual with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes" }, "variants": { "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/grief", "*nidmêtî*": "I am undone/ruined/cut off/silenced/destroyed", "*təmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*śəp̄ātayim*": "lips/speech/language", "*tôk*": "midst/among/inside", "*yôshēb*": "dwelling/residing/sitting/remaining", "*melek*": "king/sovereign", "*YHWH tsəbāʾôt*": "LORD of hosts/armies/heavenly forces" } }
• Dan 10:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Daniel.10.8", "source": "וַאֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י וָֽאֶרְאֶ֗ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאָ֤ה הַגְּדֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁאַר־בִּ֖י כֹּ֑ח וְהוֹדִ֗י נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית וְלֹ֥א עָצַ֖רְתִּי כֹּֽחַ׃", "text": "And-*ʾănî* *nishʾartî* to-*baddî* *wāʾerʾeh* *ʾet*-the-*marʾāh* the-*gədōlāh* the-*zōʾt*, and-*lōʾ* *nishʾar*-in-me *kōaḥ*, and-*hôdî* *nehpak* upon-me to-*mashḥît*, and-*lōʾ* *ʿātsartî* *kōaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*nishʾartî*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I was left/remained", "*baddî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my solitude", "*wāʾerʾeh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect with vav consecutive, 1st person singular - and I saw", "*marʾāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the vision", "*gədōlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the great", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular with definite article - this", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nishʾar*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remained", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength", "*hôdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my vigor", "*nehpak*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was turned/changed", "*mashḥît*": "noun, masculine singular or Hiphil participle - destruction/ruin", "*ʿātsartî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I retained" }, "variants": { "*hôdî*": "my vigor/my majesty/my splendor/my vitality", "*nehpak ʿālay*": "was turned upon me/was transformed within me", "*mashḥît*": "destruction/ruin/corruption", "*ʿātsartî kōaḥ*": "I retained strength/I maintained power" } }
• Dan 10:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Daniel.10.17", "source": "וְהֵ֣יךְ יוּכַ֗ל עֶ֤בֶד אֲדֹנִי֙ זֶ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר עִם־אֲדֹ֣נִי זֶ֑ה וַאֲנִ֤י מֵעַ֙תָּה֙ לֹֽא־יַעֲמָד־בִּ֣י כֹ֔חַ וּנְשָׁמָ֖ה לֹ֥א נִשְׁאֲרָה־בִֽי׃", "text": "And-*hêk* *yûkal* *ʿebed* *ʾădōnî* *zeh* to-*dabbēr* with-*ʾădōnî* *zeh*? And-*ʾănî* from-*ʿattāh* *lōʾ*-*yaʿămād*-in-me *kōaḥ*, and-*nəshāmāh* *lōʾ* *nishʾărāh*-in-me.", "grammar": { "*hêk*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yûkal*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is able", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*dabbēr*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaʿămād*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - remains", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength", "*nəshāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - breath", "*nishʾărāh*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - remained" }, "variants": { "*hêk yûkal*": "how is able/how can", "*ʿebed ʾădōnî zeh*": "this servant of my lord/I, your servant", "*lōʾ-yaʿămād-bî kōaḥ*": "no strength remains in me/I have no power left", "*nəshāmāh lōʾ nishʾărāh-bî*": "no breath remained in me/I cannot breathe" } }
• Rev 1:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Revelation.1.17", "source": "Καὶ ὅτε εἶδον αὐτόν, ἔπεσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ὡς νεκρός. Καὶ ἐπέθηκε τὴν δεξιὰν αὐτοῦ χεῖρα ἐπʼ ἐμὲ, λέγων μοι, Μὴ φοβοῦ· ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος:", "text": "And when I *eidon* him, I *epesa* at the *podas* of him as *nekros*. And he *epethēke* the *dexian* of him *cheira* upon me, *legōn* to me, Not *phobou*; *egō eimi* the *prōtos* and the *eschatos*:", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st singular - saw", "*epesa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st singular - fell", "*podas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - feet", "*nekros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - dead person", "*epethēke*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - placed/laid", "*dexian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - right", "*cheira*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hand", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*phobou*": "present middle imperative, 2nd singular - fear", "*egō eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st singular with pronoun - I am", "*prōtos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - first", "*eschatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - last" }, "variants": { "*epesa*": "fell/collapsed", "*nekros*": "dead person/corpse", "*Mē phobou*": "Do not fear/Stop being afraid (prohibition)", "*prōtos*": "first/foremost/chief", "*eschatos*": "last/final/uttermost" } }