Jonah 3:8

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Jonah.3.8", "source": "וְיִתְכַּסּ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֗ים הָֽאָדָם֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְיִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּחָזְקָ֑ה וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וּמִן־הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*yiṯkassû* *śaqqîm* the-*ʾāḏām* and-the-*bəhēmāh* and-*yiqrəʾû* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* in-*ḥāzəqāh* and-*yāšuḇû* *ʾîš* from-*darkô* the-*rāʿāh* and-from-the-*ḥāmās* *ʾăšer* in-*kappêhem*.", "grammar": { "*yiṯkassû*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them cover themselves", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind", "*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and conjunction - and the beast/animal", "*yiqrəʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them call", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ḥāzəqāh*": "feminine singular adjective with preposition - with strength/force", "*yāšuḇû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them turn", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/person", "*darkô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his way", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the evil", "*ḥāmās*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - and from the violence", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*kappêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - in their palms/hands" }, "variants": { "*yiṯkassû*": "let them cover themselves/be covered/wrap themselves", "*ḥāzəqāh*": "strength/intensity/earnestness", "*yāšuḇû*": "let them turn/return/repent", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice/cruelty" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְיִתְכַּסּ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֗ים הָֽאָדָם֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְיִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּחָזְקָ֑ה וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וּמִן־הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And-yiṯkassû śaqqîm the-ʾāḏām and-the-bəhēmāh and-yiqrəʾû to-ʾĕlōhîm in-ḥāzəqāh and-yāšuḇû ʾîš from-darkô the-rāʿāh and-from-the-ḥāmās ʾăšer in-kappêhem.

Grammar Details

• *yiṯkassû*: hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them cover themselves
• *śaqqîm*: masculine plural noun - sackcloth
• *ʾāḏām*: masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind
• *bəhēmāh*: feminine singular noun with definite article and conjunction - and the beast/animal
• *yiqrəʾû*: qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them call
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: masculine plural noun - God
• *ḥāzəqāh*: feminine singular adjective with preposition - with strength/force
• *yāšuḇû*: qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them turn
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - each man/person
• *darkô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his way
• *rāʿāh*: feminine singular adjective with definite article - the evil
• *ḥāmās*: masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - and from the violence
• *ʾăšer*: relative pronoun - which/that
• *kappêhem*: feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - in their palms/hands

Word Meanings

• *yiṯkassû*: let them cover themselves/be covered/wrap themselves
• *ḥāzəqāh*: strength/intensity/earnestness
• *yāšuḇû*: let them turn/return/repent
• *ḥāmās*: violence/wrong/injustice/cruelty

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But let both man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and let them call out to God with fervor. Let each turn from his evil ways and from the violence in their hands.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily to God; yes, let everyone turn from his evil way and from the violence that is in their hands.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and beast, and let them cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And they put on sackcloth both man ad beest and cried vn to God mightily ad turned euery man from his weked waye and fro doenge wroge in which they were acustomed sayenge:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  but put on sack cloth both man and beest, and crye mightely vnto God: yee se that euery man turne fro his euell waye, and from the wickednesse, yt he hath in honde.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But let man and beast put on sackecloth, and crie mightily vnto God: yea, let euery man turne from his euill way, and from the wickednesse that is in their handes.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And let both man & beast put on sackcloth, and crye mightyly vnto God: yea let euery man turne from his euill way, and from the wickednesse that is in his handes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But let man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that [is] in their hands.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and animal, and let them cry mightily to God. Yes, let them turn everyone from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and cover themselves `with' sackcloth let man and beast, and let them call unto God mightily, and let them turn back each from his evil way, and from the violence that `is' in their hands.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and beast, and let them cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and beast, and let them cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And let man and beast be covered with haircloth, and let them make strong prayers to God: and let everyone be turned from his evil way and the violent acts of their hands.

• World English Bible (2000)

  but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and animal, and let them cry mightily to God. Yes, let them turn everyone from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Every person and animal must put on sackcloth and must cry earnestly to God, and everyone must turn from their evil way of living and from the violence that they do.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 55:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.55.6", "source": "דִּרְשׁוּ יְהוָה בְּהִמָּצְאוֹ קְרָאֻהוּ בִּהְיוֹתוֹ קָרוֹב", "text": "*Diršû* *YHWH* in-*himmāṣĕʾô* *qĕrāʾuhû* in-*bihyôṯô* *qārôḇ*", "grammar": { "*Diršû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*himmāṣĕʾô*": "verb, niphal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his being found", "*qĕrāʾuhû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - call him", "*bihyôṯô*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his being", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/close" }, "variants": { "*Diršû*": "seek/search for/inquire of", "*himmāṣĕʾô*": "his being found/while he may be found/when he is available", "*qĕrāʾuhû*": "call him/call to him/cry out to him", "*bihyôṯô*": "while he is/during his being/when he is", "*qārôḇ*": "near/close/at hand" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.55.7", "source": "יַעֲזֹב רָשָׁע דַּרְכּוֹ וְאִישׁ אָוֶן מַחְשְׁבֹתָיו וְיָשֹׁב אֶל־יְהוָה וִירַחֲמֵהוּ וְאֶל־אֱלֹהֵינוּ כִּי־יַרְבֶּה לִסְלוֹחַ", "text": "*Yaʿăzōḇ* *rāšāʿ* *darkô* and-*ʾîš* *ʾāwen* *maḥšĕḇōṯāyw* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*YHWH* and-*yĕraḥămēhû* and-to-*ʾĕlōhênû* because-*yarbeh* to-*sĕlôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*Yaʿăzōḇ*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let him forsake", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked man", "*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness", "*maḥšĕḇōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his thoughts", "*yāšōḇ*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let him return", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*yĕraḥămēhû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will have mercy on him", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person common plural suffix - our God", "*yarbeh*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will multiply/increase", "*sĕlôaḥ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to forgive" }, "variants": { "*Yaʿăzōḇ*": "let him forsake/abandon/leave", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/criminal/guilty one", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/evil/trouble", "*maḥšĕḇōṯāyw*": "his thoughts/plans/intentions", "*yāšōḇ*": "let him return/turn back/repent", "*yĕraḥămēhû*": "he will have mercy on him/compassion on him", "*yarbeh*": "he will abundantly/multiply/increase", "*sĕlôaḥ*": "to forgive/pardon" } }
• Jonah 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jonah.1.6", "source": "וַיִּקְרַ֤ב אֵלָיו֙ רַ֣ב הַחֹבֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ מַה־לְּךָ֣ נִרְדָּ֑ם ק֚וּם קְרָ֣א אֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אוּלַ֞י יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים לָ֖נוּ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד׃", "text": "And-*wayyiqraḇ* unto-him *raḇ* the-*ḥōḇēl* and-*wayyōmer* to-him what-to-you *nirdām* *qûm* *qərāʾ* unto-*ʾĕlōheḵā* perhaps *yiṯʿaššēṯ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* for-us and-not we-perish", "grammar": { "*wayyiqraḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came near", "*raḇ*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief/captain", "*ḥōḇēl*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - sailor/pilot", "*wayyōmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nirdām*": "niphal participle masculine singular - sleeping/sleeper", "*qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise", "*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - call", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*yiṯʿaššēṯ*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will think about/consider/take notice", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural + definite article - the God/gods" }, "variants": { "*raḇ* *ḥōḇēl*": "captain of the ship/chief sailor/pilot", "*nirdām*": "sleeping soundly/in deep sleep/slumbering", "*yiṯʿaššēṯ*": "will think about/consider/take notice of/have compassion on", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/deity" } }
• Jonah 1:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jonah.1.14", "source": "וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אַל־נָ֣א נֹאבְדָ֗ה בְּנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑יא כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָפַ֖צְתָּ עָשִֽׂיתָ׃", "text": "And-*wayyiqrəʾû* unto-*YHWH* and-*wayyōmərû* *ʾānnāh* *YHWH* not-*nāʾ* *nōḇdāh* for-*nepeš* the-*ʾîš* the-*zeh* and-not-*tittēn* upon-us *dām* *nāqîʾ* for-you *YHWH* as *ḥāpaṣtā* *ʿāśîṯā*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they called out", "*wayyōmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾānnāh*": "interjection - we pray/please/oh", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*nōḇdāh*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - let us perish", "*nepeš*": "noun feminine singular construct - life/soul of", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - man", "*zeh*": "demonstrative masculine singular + definite article - this", "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular jussive - may you put/place", "*dām*": "noun masculine singular - blood", "*nāqîʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - innocent", "*ḥāpaṣtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have desired/pleased", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have done" }, "variants": { "*ʾānnāh*": "we pray/please/oh now", "*nōḇdāh*": "let us perish/may we die", "*nepeš*": "life/soul/person", "*dām*": "blood/bloodguilt/bloodshed", "*nāqîʾ*": "innocent/clean/free from guilt", "*ḥāpaṣtā*": "you have desired/pleased/delighted in" } }
• Isa 1:16-19 : 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.16", "source": "רַחֲצוּ֙ הִזַּכּ֔וּ הָסִ֛ירוּ רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם מִנֶּ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י חִדְל֖וּ הָרֵֽעַ׃", "text": "*raḥăṣû* *hizzakkû* *hāsîrû* *rōa'* *ma'alᵉlêkem* *minneged* *'ênāy* *ḥidlû* *hārēa'*", "grammar": { "*raḥăṣû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - wash yourselves", "*hizzakkû*": "verb, hitpael imperative, masculine plural - purify yourselves", "*hāsîrû*": "verb, hifil imperative, masculine plural - remove", "*rōa'*": "noun, masculine singular construct - evil of", "*ma'alᵉlêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your deeds", "*minneged*": "preposition min + preposition neged - from before", "*'ênāy*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*ḥidlû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - cease", "*hārēa'*": "verb, hifil infinitive construct - doing evil" }, "variants": { "*raḥăṣû*": "wash yourselves/cleanse yourselves", "*hizzakkû*": "purify yourselves/make yourselves clean", "*hāsîrû*": "remove/put away/take away", "*rōa'*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*ma'alᵉlêkem*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*minneged*": "from before/from in front of/from the sight of", "*ḥidlû*": "cease/stop/desist", "*hārēa'*": "doing evil/doing wrong/causing harm" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.17", "source": "לִמְד֥וּ הֵיטֵ֛ב דִּרְשׁ֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט אַשְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑וֹץ שִׁפְט֣וּ יָת֔וֹם רִ֖יבוּ אַלְמָנָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*limdû* *hêṭēb* *diršû* *mišpāṭ* *ʾaššᵉrû* *ḥāmôṣ* *šipṭû* *yātôm* *rîbû* *ʾalmānâ*", "grammar": { "*limdû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - learn", "*hêṭēb*": "verb, hifil infinitive absolute - to do good", "*diršû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*ʾaššᵉrû*": "verb, piel imperative, masculine plural - set right", "*ḥāmôṣ*": "adjective, qal passive participle, masculine singular - oppressed", "*šipṭû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - defend/judge", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*rîbû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - plead for", "*ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - widow" }, "variants": { "*limdû*": "learn/study/become accustomed to", "*hêṭēb*": "to do good/to do well/to act rightly", "*diršû*": "seek/search for/pursue", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/what is right", "*ʾaššᵉrû*": "set right/relieve/help/make happy", "*ḥāmôṣ*": "oppressed/wronged/mistreated", "*šipṭû*": "defend/judge/vindicate", "*rîbû*": "plead for/take up the cause of/contend for" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.18", "source": "לְכוּ־נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם־יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ* *wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ* *yōʾmar* *YHWH* *ʾim*-*yihyû* *ḥăṭāʾêkem* *kaššānîm* *kaššeleg* *yalbînû* *ʾim*-*yaʾdîmû* *kattôlā'* *kaṣṣemer* *yihyû*", "grammar": { "*lᵉkû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*nāʾ*": "particle - now/please", "*wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us reason together", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins", "*kaššānîm*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, feminine plural - like scarlet", "*kaššeleg*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like snow", "*yalbînû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be white", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yaʾdîmû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are red", "*kattôlā'*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like crimson", "*kaṣṣemer*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like wool", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be" }, "variants": { "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ*": "come now/come please", "*niwwākᵉḥâ*": "reason together/argue/dispute/settle", "*yōʾmar*": "says/speaks/declares", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*šānîm*": "scarlet/crimson/bright red", "*yalbînû*": "they shall be white/become white/be made white", "*yaʾdîmû*": "they are red/they glow red", "*tôlā'*": "crimson/worm/crimson dye" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.19", "source": "אִם־תֹּאב֖וּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם ט֥וּב הָאָ֖רֶץ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*tōʾbû* *ûšma'tem* *ṭûb* *hāʾāreṣ* *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*tōʾbû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you are willing", "*ûšma'tem*": "conjunction wə- + verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and obey", "*ṭûb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - good of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*tōʾkēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall eat" }, "variants": { "*tōʾbû*": "are willing/consent/agree", "*ûšma'tem*": "obey/listen/hear", "*ṭûb*": "good/best/prosperity", "*tōʾkēlû*": "you shall eat/consume/enjoy" } }
• Isa 59:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.59.6", "source": "קֽוּרֵיהֶם֙ לֹא־יִהְי֣וּ לְבֶ֔גֶד וְלֹ֥א יִתְכַּסּ֖וּ בְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙ מַֽעֲשֵׂי־אָ֔וֶן וּפֹ֥עַל חָמָ֖ס בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Qûrêhem* not-*yihyû* for-*beged* and-not *yitkkassû* in-*maʿăśêhem* *maʿăśêhem* *maʿăśê-ʾāwen* and-*pōʿal* *ḥāmās* in-*kappêhem*", "grammar": { "*Qûrêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd plural suffix - their webs", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will be", "*beged*": "noun, masculine singular - garment/clothing", "*yitkkassû*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they cover themselves", "*maʿăśêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd plural suffix - their works/deeds", "*maʿăśê-ʾāwen*": "construct phrase - works of iniquity", "*pōʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - act/deed of", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - violence/wrong", "*kappêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd plural suffix - their hands/palms" }, "variants": { "*Qûrêhem*": "their webs/threads", "*beged*": "garment/clothing/covering", "*maʿăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/actions", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble", "*pōʿal*": "act/deed/work", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice/cruelty", "*kappêhem*": "their hands/palms" } }
• Jer 18:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.18.11", "source": "וְעַתָּ֡ה אֱמָר־נָ֣א אֶל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה֩ וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤ר עֲלֵיכֶם֙ רָעָ֔ה וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מַֽחֲשָׁבָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ נָ֗א אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wĕʿattāh* *ʾĕmār*-*nāʾ* to-*ʾîš*-*Yĕhûdāh* and to-inhabitants of *Yĕrûšālaim* *lēʾmōr*: Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnēh* I *yôṣēr* against you *rāʿāh* and *ḥōšēb* against you *maḥăšābāh*; *šûbû*-*nāʾ* *ʾîš* from *darkô* *hārāʿāh* and *hêṭîbû* your ways and your deeds", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʾĕmār*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - say/speak", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of/each", "*Yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*Yĕrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*yôṣēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - forming/fashioning", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*ḥōšēb*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - devising/planning", "*maḥăšābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - plan/device/thought", "*šûbû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - return/repent", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*hārāʿāh*": "article + adjective, feminine singular - the evil/bad", "*hêṭîbû*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine plural - make good/improve" }, "variants": { "*wĕʿattāh*": "and now/therefore", "*ʾĕmār*": "say/speak/tell", "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*ʾîš*": "man/each/people of", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say (introduces direct speech)", "*ʾāmar*": "said/declared/spoke", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*yôṣēr*": "forming/fashioning/devising", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity", "*ḥōšēb*": "devising/planning/thinking", "*maḥăšābāh*": "plan/thought/device/intention", "*šûbû*": "return/repent/turn back", "*darkô*": "his way/path/conduct", "*hārāʿāh*": "the evil/wicked/bad", "*hêṭîbû*": "make good/improve/reform" } }
• Ezek 18:21-24 : 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.21", "source": "וְהָרָשָׁ֗ע כִּ֤י יָשׁוּב֙ מִכָּל־*חטאתו **חַטֹּאתָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְשָׁמַר֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֻקּוֹתַ֔י וְעָשָׂ֥ה מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָ֑ה חָיֹ֥ה יִחְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*wə-* *hā-rāšāʿ* *kî* *yāšûb* *mi-* *kol*-*ḥaṭṭōʾtāyw* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *wə-* *šāmar* *ʾet*-*kol*-*ḥuqqôtay* *wə-* *ʿāśāh* *mišpāṭ* *û-* *ṣədāqāh* *ḥāyōh* *yiḥyeh* *lōʾ* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hā-rāšāʿ*": "definite article with adjective masculine singular - the wicked", "*kî*": "conjunction - if, when", "*yāšûb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will turn back", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sins", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*šāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has kept", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*ṣədāqāh*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*ḥāyōh*": "Qal infinitive absolute - live", "*yiḥyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die" }, "variants": { "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty/criminal", "*yāšûb*": "turn back/repent/return", "*ḥaṭṭōʾt*": "sins/offenses/transgressions", "*mišpāṭ* *û-* *ṣədāqāh*": "justice and righteousness/judgment and right/fairness and equity", "*ḥāyōh* *yiḥyeh*": "surely live/certainly live (emphatic construction)" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.22", "source": "כָּל־פְּשָׁעָיו֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לֹ֥א יִזָּכְר֖וּ ל֑וֹ בְּצִדְקָת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה יִֽחְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*kol*-*pəšāʿāyw* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *lōʾ* *yizzākərû* *lô* *bə-* *ṣidqātô* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *yiḥyeh*", "grammar": { "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pəšāʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yizzākərû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will be remembered", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him, against him", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*ṣidqātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*yiḥyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live" }, "variants": { "*pəšāʿāyw*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*yizzākərû*": "will be remembered/recalled/brought to mind", "*ṣidqātô*": "his righteousness/his just actions/his righteous deeds" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.23", "source": "הֶחָפֹ֤ץ אֶחְפֹּץ֙ מ֣וֹת רָשָׁ֔ע נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הֲל֛וֹא בְּשׁוּב֥וֹ מִדְּרָכָ֖יו וְחָיָֽה׃", "text": "*he-* *ḥāpōṣ* *ʾeḥpōṣ* *môt* *rāšāʿ* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *hă-* *lôʾ* *bə-* *šûbô* *mi-* *dərākāyw* *wə-* *ḥāyāh*", "grammar": { "*he-*": "interrogative particle - whether", "*ḥāpōṣ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - desire", "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will desire", "*môt*": "masculine singular construct - death of", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - wicked", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*hă-*": "interrogative particle - whether", "*lôʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*šûbô*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his turning back", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*dərākāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he lived" }, "variants": { "*ḥāpōṣ* *ʾeḥpōṣ*": "greatly desire/surely want (emphatic construction)", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*šûbô*": "his turning back/his repentance/his returning", "*dərākāyw*": "his ways/his paths/his actions" } } 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.24", "source": "וּבְשׁ֨וּב צַדִּ֤יק מִצִּדְקָתוֹ֙ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֔וֶל כְּכֹ֨ל הַתּוֹעֵב֜וֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֧ה הָרָשָׁ֛ע יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה וָחָ֑י כָּל־*צדקתו **צִדְקֹתָ֤יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ לֹ֣א תִזָּכַ֔רְנָה בְּמַעֲל֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־מָעַ֛ל וּבְחַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א בָּ֥ם יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*û-* *bə-* *šûb* *ṣaddîq* *mi-* *ṣidqātô* *wə-* *ʿāśāh* *ʿāwel* *kə-* *kōl* *ha-tôʿēbôt* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *hā-rāšāʿ* *yaʿăśeh* *wā-* *ḥāy* *kol*-*ṣidqōtāyw* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *lōʾ* *tizzākarənāh* *bə-* *maʿălô* *ʾăšer*-*māʿal* *û-* *bə-* *ḥaṭṭāʾtô* *ʾăšer*-*ḥāṭāʾ* *bām* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*šûb*": "Qal infinitive construct - turning back", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective masculine singular - righteous", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*ṣidqātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*ʿāwel*": "masculine singular noun - injustice", "*kə-*": "preposition - like, as", "*kōl*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ha-tôʿēbôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the abominations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*hā-rāšāʿ*": "definite article with adjective masculine singular - the wicked", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*wā-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāy*": "adjective masculine singular - living", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ṣidqōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his righteous deeds", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tizzākarənāh*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they will be remembered", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*maʿălô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his treachery", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*māʿal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has committed", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has sinned", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wrong", "*tôʿēbôt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*ṣidqōtāyw*": "his righteous deeds/his just actions/his acts of righteousness", "*maʿălô*": "his treachery/his unfaithfulness/his trespass", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "his sin/his offense/his transgression" } }
• Ezek 18:27-28 : 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.27", "source": "וּבְשׁ֣וּב רָשָׁ֗ע מֵֽרִשְׁעָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּצְדָקָ֑ה ה֖וּא אֶת־נַפְשׁ֥וֹ יְחַיֶּֽה׃", "text": "*û-* *bə-* *šûb* *rāšāʿ* *mē-* *rišʿātô* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *wa-* *yaʿaś* *mišpāṭ* *û-* *ṣədāqāh* *hûʾ* *ʾet*-*napšô* *yəḥayyeh*", "grammar": { "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*šûb*": "Qal infinitive construct - turning back", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - wicked", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*rišʿātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wickedness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿaś*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he does", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*ṣədāqāh*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*napšô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*yəḥayyeh*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will preserve alive" }, "variants": { "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty/criminal", "*rišʿātô*": "his wickedness/his evil/his wrongdoing", "*mišpāṭ* *û-* *ṣədāqāh*": "justice and righteousness/judgment and right/fairness and equity", "*napšô*": "his soul/his life/himself", "*yəḥayyeh*": "preserve alive/save/keep living" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.28", "source": "וַיִּרְאֶ֣ה *וישוב **וַיָּ֔שָׁב מִכָּל־פְּשָׁעָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה חָי֥וֹ יִחְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*wa-* *yirʾeh* *wa-* *yāšāb* *mi-* *kol*-*pəšāʿāyw* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ḥāyô* *yiḥyeh* *lōʾ* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*yirʾeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he sees", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*yāšāb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turns back", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pəšāʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*ḥāyô*": "Qal infinitive absolute - live", "*yiḥyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die" }, "variants": { "*yirʾeh*": "sees/perceives/realizes", "*yāšāb*": "turns back/returns/repents", "*pəšāʿāyw*": "his transgressions/his rebellions/his crimes", "*ḥāyô* *yiḥyeh*": "surely live/certainly live (emphatic construction)" } }
• Ezek 18:30-32 : 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.30", "source": "לָכֵן֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּדְרָכָ֜יו אֶשְׁפֹּ֤ט אֶתְכֶם֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה שׁ֤וּבוּ וְהָשִׁ֙יבוּ֙ מִכָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם לְמִכְשׁ֖וֹל עָוֺֽן׃", "text": "*lākēn* *ʾîš* *ki-* *dərākāyw* *ʾešpōṭ* *ʾetkem* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *šûbû* *wə-* *hāšîbû* *mi-* *kol*-*pišʿêkem* *wə-* *lōʾ*-*yihyeh* *lākem* *lə-* *mikšôl* *ʿāwōn*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ki-*": "preposition - according to", "*dərākāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*ʾešpōṭ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will judge", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*šûbû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - return", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāšîbû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - cause to return", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pišʿêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*lə-*": "preposition - for", "*mikšôl*": "masculine singular construct - stumbling block of", "*ʿāwōn*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš* *ki-* *dərākāyw*": "each according to his ways/each by his own conduct", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*šûbû*": "return/repent/turn back", "*hāšîbû*": "turn away/repent/bring back", "*pišʿêkem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your crimes", "*mikšôl* *ʿāwōn*": "stumbling block of iniquity/obstacle of guilt/cause of sin" } } 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.31", "source": "הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־פִשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם בָּ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לֵ֥ב חָדָ֖שׁ וְר֣וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלָ֥מָּה תָמֻ֖תוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hašlîkû* *mē-* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*kol*-*pišʿêkem* *ʾăšer* *pəšaʿtem* *bām* *wa-* *ʿăśû* *lākem* *lēb* *ḥādāš* *wə-* *rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh* *wə-* *lāmmāh* *tāmûtû* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hašlîkû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - cast away", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pišʿêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*pəšaʿtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have transgressed", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - make", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective masculine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*ḥădāšāh*": "adjective feminine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*tāmûtû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will die", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hašlîkû*": "cast away/throw off/discard", "*pišʿêkem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your crimes", "*pəšaʿtem*": "you have transgressed/you have rebelled/you have offended", "*lēb* *ḥādāš*": "new heart/renewed mind/transformed inner being", "*rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh*": "new spirit/renewed attitude/transformed disposition" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.32", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אֶחְפֹּץ֙ בְּמ֣וֹת הַמֵּ֔ת נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהָשִׁ֖יבוּ וִֽחְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *lōʾ* *ʾeḥpōṣ* *bə-* *môt* *ha-mēt* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *wə-* *hāšîbû* *wi-* *ḥyû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I desire", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*môt*": "masculine singular construct - death of", "*ha-mēt*": "definite article with Qal participle masculine singular - the dying/dead", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāšîbû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - turn back", "*wi-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥyû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - live" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "desire/take pleasure in/delight in", "*ha-mēt*": "the dying one/the dead/one who dies", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*hāšîbû*": "turn back/repent/return", "*ḥyû*": "live/be alive/experience life" } }
• Ezek 33:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.33.11", "source": "אֱמֹ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם חַי־אָ֣נִי ׀ נְאֻ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִם־אֶחְפֹּץ֙ בְּמ֣וֹת הָרָשָׁ֔ע כִּ֣י אִם־בְּשׁ֥וּב רָשָׁ֛ע מִדַּרְכּ֖וֹ וְחָיָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ שׁ֜וּבוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֧ם הָרָעִ֛ים וְלָ֥מָּה תָמ֖וּתוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ʾĕmōr* *ʾălêhem* *ḥay*-*ʾānî* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ʾim*-*ʾeḥpōṣ* *bə-môt* *hā-rāšāʿ* *kî* *ʾim*-*bə-šûb* *rāšāʿ* *mi-darkô* *wə-ḥāyāh* *šûbû* *šûbû* *mi-darkêkem* *hā-rāʿîm* *wə-lāmmāh* *tāmûtû* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕmōr*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - speak/say", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd plural suffix - to them", "*ḥay*-*ʾānî*": "adjective + personal pronoun, 1st singular - as I live", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾim*-*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "particle + qal imperfect, 1st singular - if I delight", "*bə-môt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - in the death of", "*hā-rāšāʿ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the wicked", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/for", "*ʾim*-*bə-šûb*": "particle + preposition + qal infinitive construct - rather in the returning of", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked one", "*mi-darkô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - from his way", "*wə-ḥāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he will live", "*šûbû*": "qal imperative, 2nd plural masculine - return/turn [repeated]", "*mi-darkêkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 2nd plural masculine suffix - from your ways", "*hā-rāʿîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the evil", "*wə-lāmmāh*": "conjunction + interrogative - and why", "*tāmûtû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd plural masculine - will you die", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*-*ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life/I swear", "*nəʾum*": "declaration of/oracle of/says", "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "I delight/I take pleasure/I desire", "*bə-môt*": "in the death of/when the wicked dies", "*bə-šûb*": "in the returning of/when the wicked turns from/in the repentance of", "*mi-darkô*": "from his way/from his path/from his conduct", "*šûbû*": "return/turn/repent", "*hā-rāʿîm*": "the evil/the wicked/the harmful" } }
• Dan 4:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.27", "source": "עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֔ר הֲלָ֥א דָא־הִ֖יא בָּבֶ֣ל רַבְּתָ֑א דִּֽי־אֲנָ֤ה בֱנַיְתַהּ֙ לְבֵ֣ית מַלְכ֔וּ בִּתְקָ֥ף חִסְנִ֖י וְלִיקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽי׃", "text": "*ʿānēh malkāʾ* *wə-ʾāmar* is-not this-she *bāḇel rabəttāʾ* which-I *bənayətah* for-house-of *malkû* in-*təqāp ḥisnî* and-for-*yəqār hadrî*", "grammar": { "*ʿānēh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - answered/responded", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the king", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Babylon", "*rabəttāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular, definite - great/large", "*bənayətah*": "verb, perfect, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular object suffix - I built it", "*malkû*": "noun, masculine singular construct - kingdom/royalty", "*təqāp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - strength/might", "*ḥisnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular possessive suffix - my power/might", "*yəqār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - honor/glory", "*hadrî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular possessive suffix - my majesty/splendor" }, "variants": { "*ʿānēh*": "answered/responded/began to speak", "*malkû*": "kingdom/royal residence/palace", "*təqāp*": "strength/power/might", "*ḥisnî*": "my strength/my power/my fortress", "*yəqār*": "honor/glory/splendor", "*hadrî*": "my majesty/my splendor/my honor" } }
• Ps 130:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.130.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֑וֹת מִמַּעֲמַקִּ֖ים קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה", "text": "*šîr* the *maʿălôt* from *maʿămaqîm* *qārāʾtîkā* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine, singular - song of", "*hamaʿălôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine, plural - the ascents/steps/degrees", "*mimaʿămaqîm*": "preposition מִן + noun, masculine, plural - from depths", "*qārāʾtîkā*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I called you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*maʿălôt*": "ascents/steps/degrees/pilgrimages", "*maʿămaqîm*": "depths/deep places/profound distress" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.130.2", "source": "אֲדֹנָי֮ שִׁמְעָ֢ה בְק֫וֹלִ֥י תִּהְיֶ֣ינָה אָ֭זְנֶיךָ קַשֻּׁב֑וֹת לְ֝ק֗וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי", "text": "*ʾădōnāy* *šimʿāh* in *qôlî* *tihyênāh* *ʾoznêkā* *qaššubot* to *qôl* *taḥănûnāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*šimʿāh*": "imperative verb, 2nd person masculine singular - hear/listen", "*bəqôlî*": "preposition בְ + noun with 1st person singular suffix - in/to my voice", "*tihyênāh*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural, jussive - let them be", "*ʾoznêkā*": "noun, feminine, dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ears", "*qaššubot*": "passive participle, feminine plural - attentive/attentively listening", "*ləqôl*": "preposition לְ + noun, masculine, singular construct - to voice of", "*taḥănûnāy*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st person singular suffix - my supplications" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*taḥănûnāy*": "supplications/pleas for mercy/entreaties" } }
• Isa 58:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.58.6", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא זֶה֮ צ֣וֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ֒ פַּתֵּ֙חַ֙ חַרְצֻבּ֣וֹת רֶ֔שַׁע הַתֵּ֖ר אֲגֻדּ֣וֹת מוֹטָ֑ה וְשַׁלַּ֤ח רְצוּצִים֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים וְכָל־מוֹטָ֖ה תְּנַתֵּֽקוּ׃", "text": "*hă*-not this *ṣôm* *ʾebḥārēhû* *pattēaḥ* *ḥarṣubbôt* *rešaʿ* *hattēr* *ʾăguddôt* *môṭāh* *wə*-*šallaḥ* *rəṣûṣîm* *ḥāpšîm* *wə*-all-*môṭāh* *tənatēqû*", "grammar": { "*hă*-*lôʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - is not?", "*zeh*": "demonstrative - this", "*ṣôm*": "noun - fast", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I choose it", "*pattēaḥ*": "infinitive absolute - to loose/open", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/fetters of", "*rešaʿ*": "noun - wickedness", "*hattēr*": "infinitive absolute - to untie/loosen", "*ʾăguddôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/bands of", "*môṭāh*": "noun - yoke", "*wə*-*šallaḥ*": "conjunction with infinitive absolute - and to let go", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "passive participle masculine plural - oppressed", "*ḥāpšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - free", "*wə*-*kol*-*môṭāh*": "conjunction with noun 'all' with noun - and every yoke", "*tənatēqû*": "imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you break" }, "variants": { "*ṣôm*": "fast/fasting", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "I choose it/I select it/I prefer it", "*pattēaḥ*": "to loose/to open/to unbind", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "bonds/fetters/chains", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/injustice", "*hattēr*": "to untie/to loosen/to release", "*ʾăguddôt*": "bonds/bands/bindings", "*môṭāh*": "yoke/bar", "*šallaḥ*": "to let go/to send away/to release", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "oppressed/crushed ones", "*ḥāpšîm*": "free/liberty", "*tənatēqû*": "you break/you tear off/you pull apart" } }
• Matt 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Matthew.3.8", "source": "Ποιήσατε οὖν καρποὺς ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας:", "text": "*Poiēsate* *oun* *karpous* *axious* of the *metanoias*:", "grammar": { "*Poiēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - produce/make", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*karpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - fruits", "*axious*": "accusative, masculine, plural - worthy", "*metanoias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of repentance" }, "variants": { "*Poiēsate*": "produce/make/bear", "*karpous*": "fruits/produce/results", "*axious*": "worthy/fitting/appropriate", "*metanoias*": "repentance/change of mind/turning from sin" } }
• Acts 3:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Acts.3.19", "source": "¶Μετανοήσατε οὖν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψατε, εἰς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας,", "text": "¶*Metanoēsate* therefore, and *epistrepsate*, for the *exaleiphthēnai* of you the *hamartias*,", "grammar": { "*Metanoēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - repent", "*epistrepsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - turn", "*exaleiphthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be wiped away", "*hamartias*": "accusative feminine plural - sins" }, "variants": { "*Metanoēsate*": "repent/change your mind", "*epistrepsate*": "turn/return/convert", "*exaleiphthēnai*": "to be wiped away/to be blotted out/to be erased" } }
• Acts 26:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Acts.26.20", "source": "Ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἐν Δαμασκῷ πρῶτον, καὶ Ἱεροσολύμοις, εἰς πᾶσάν τε τὴν χώραν τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν, ἀπήγγελλον μετανοεῖν καὶ ἐπιστρέφειν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ἄξια τῆς μετανοίας ἔργα πράσσοντας.", "text": "But to those in *Damaskō* *prōton*, and *Hierosolymois*, to all *te* the *chōran* of *Ioudaias*, and to the *Ethnesin*, I *apēngellon* to *metanoein* and to *epistrephein* to the *Theon*, worthy of the *metanoias* *erga* *prassontas*.", "grammar": { "*Damaskō*": "dative, feminine, singular - Damascus", "*prōton*": "adverb - first", "*Hierosolymois*": "dative, neuter, plural - Jerusalem", "*te*": "conjunction - and/also", "*chōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - region/country", "*Ioudaias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - Judea", "*Ethnesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - Gentiles/nations", "*apēngellon*": "imperfect active, 1st singular - I was proclaiming", "*metanoein*": "present active infinitive - to repent", "*epistrephein*": "present active infinitive - to turn", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*metanoias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - repentance", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*prassontas*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - doing/practicing" }, "variants": { "*prōton*": "first/firstly/at first", "*chōran*": "region/country/land", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples", "*apēngellon*": "I was proclaiming/declaring/announcing", "*metanoein*": "to repent/to change one's mind", "*epistrephein*": "to turn/to return/to convert", "*metanoias*": "repentance/change of mind", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*prassontas*": "doing/practicing/performing" } }