3 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.3",
"source": "וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaś* for himself *yəhôšuaʿ* *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *wayyāmāl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* at *giḇʿaṯ* *hāʿărālôṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he made",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of",
"*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks",
"*wayyāmāl*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he circumcised",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*giḇʿaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - hill of",
"*hāʿărālôṯ*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the foreskins"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "and he made/prepared/fashioned",
"*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements",
"*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones",
"*wayyāmāl*": "and he circumcised/cut",
"*giḇʿaṯ*": "hill of/height of",
"*hāʿărālôṯ*": "the foreskins/prepuces"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.4",
"source": "וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And this is *haddāḇār* which *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ*: All *hāʿām* *hayyōṣēʾ* from *miṣrayim*, *hazzəḵārîm*, all *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ*, *mēṯû* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*haddāḇār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the thing/matter/reason",
"*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*hayyōṣēʾ*": "definite article + participle masculine singular qal - the one coming out",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*hazzəḵārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the males",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle",
"*mēṯû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they died",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness",
"*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road",
"*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out"
},
"variants": {
"*haddāḇār*": "the thing/matter/reason/cause",
"*māl*": "circumcised/cut",
"*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk",
"*hayyōṣēʾ*": "the one coming out/exiting/departing",
"*hazzəḵārîm*": "the males/men",
"*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting",
"*mēṯû*": "they died/perished",
"*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert",
"*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.5",
"source": "כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃",
"text": "For *mulîm* *hāyû* all *hāʿām* *hayyōṣəʾîm*, and all *hāʿām* *hayyillōḏîm* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrayim* not *mālû*.",
"grammar": {
"*mulîm*": "passive participle masculine plural qal - circumcised",
"*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out",
"*hayyillōḏîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural niphal - the ones being born",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness",
"*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road",
"*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised"
},
"variants": {
"*mulîm*": "circumcised ones/cut ones",
"*hāyû*": "they were/they had been",
"*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing",
"*hayyillōḏîm*": "the ones being born/the ones birthed",
"*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert",
"*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey",
"*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.6",
"source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לֽ͏ַאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃",
"text": "For *ʾarbāʿîm* *šānâ* *hāləḵû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *hammiḏbār* until *tōm* all *haggôy* *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ* *hayyōṣəʾîm* from *miṣrayim* who not *šāməʿû* to *qôl* *YHWH*, who *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to them to not *harʾôṯām* *ʾeṯ* *hāʾāreṣ* which *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to *ʾăḇôṯām* to give to us, *ʾereṣ* *zāḇaṯ* *ḥālāḇ* *ûḏəḇāš*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty",
"*šānâ*": "noun feminine singular - year",
"*hāləḵû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they walked",
"*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness",
"*tōm*": "infinitive construct - completion of",
"*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*šāməʿû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they listened/obeyed",
"*qôl*": "noun masculine singular construct - voice of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*nišbaʿ*": "3rd masculine singular niphal perfect - he swore",
"*harʾôṯām*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to show them",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land",
"*ʾăḇôṯām*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of",
"*zāḇaṯ*": "qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with",
"*ḥālāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - milk",
"*ûḏəḇāš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and honey"
},
"variants": {
"*hāləḵû*": "they walked/traveled/journeyed",
"*tōm*": "completion/end/finishing",
"*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community",
"*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting",
"*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing",
"*šāməʿû*": "they listened/heard/obeyed",
"*qôl*": "voice/sound/command",
"*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/promised/took an oath",
"*harʾôṯām*": "to show them/to cause them to see",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground",
"*ʾăḇôṯām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers",
"*zāḇaṯ*": "flowing with/oozing with",
"*ḥālāḇ*": "milk/dairy",
"*ûḏəḇāš*": "and honey/sweetness"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.7",
"source": "וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *ʾeṯ* their sons, *hēqîm* in their place, them *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ* for *ʿărēlîm* *hāyû* because not *mālû* them in *haddārek*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bənêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sons",
"*hēqîm*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - he raised up",
"*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place",
"*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʿărēlîm*": "adjective masculine plural - uncircumcised",
"*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were",
"*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised",
"*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*baddārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the way"
},
"variants": {
"*hēqîm*": "he raised up/established/appointed",
"*taḥtām*": "in their place/instead of them/in their stead",
"*māl*": "circumcised/cut",
"*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/those with foreskins",
"*hāyû*": "they were/they had been",
"*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut",
"*baddārek*": "in the way/on the journey/during travel"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.8",
"source": "וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֖וֹי לְהִמּ֑וֹל וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה עַ֥ד חֲיוֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayəhî* when *tammû* all *haggôy* *ləhimmôl* and *wayyēšəḇû* *taḥtām* in *hammaḥăneh* until *ḥăyôṯām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect 'to be' - and it came to pass",
"*tammû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they completed",
"*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation",
"*ləhimmôl*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be circumcised",
"*wayyēšəḇû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they remained",
"*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place",
"*hammaḥăneh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the camp",
"*ḥăyôṯām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their being healed"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass",
"*tammû*": "they completed/they finished/they ended",
"*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community",
"*ləhimmôl*": "to be circumcised/to be cut",
"*wayyēšəḇû*": "and they remained/and they stayed/and they dwelt",
"*taḥtām*": "in their place/in their positions",
"*hammaḥăneh*": "the camp/encampment",
"*ḥăyôṯām*": "their being healed/their recovering/their becoming whole"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *hayyôm* *gallôṯî* *ʾeṯ* *ḥerpaṯ* *miṣrayim* from upon you. And *wayyiqrāʾ* *šēm* *hammāqôm* *hahûʾ* *gilgāl* until *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day",
"*gallôṯî*": "1st common singular qal perfect - I have rolled away",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥerpaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - reproach of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*mēʿălêḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from upon you",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he called",
"*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of",
"*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the place",
"*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that",
"*gilgāl*": "proper noun - Gilgal",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/declared",
"*hayyôm*": "today/this day",
"*gallôṯî*": "I have rolled away/removed/taken away",
"*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame",
"*mēʿălêḵem*": "from upon you/from you",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named/pronounced",
"*šēm*": "name/reputation/character",
"*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/site",
"*gilgāl*": "Gilgal/Rolling"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Joshua.5.10",
"source": "וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֡סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ בָּעֶ֖רֶב בְּעַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wayyaḥănû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *haggilgāl* and *wayyaʿăśû* *ʾeṯ* *happesaḥ* on *ʾarbāʿâ* *ʿāśār* *yôm* for *haḥōḏeš* in the *ʿereḇ* in *ʿarḇôṯ* *yərîḥô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaḥănû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they camped",
"*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel",
"*haggilgāl*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilgal",
"*wayyaʿăśû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they kept/made",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*happesaḥ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the Passover",
"*ʾarbāʿâ*": "number feminine - four",
"*ʿāśār*": "number - ten",
"*yôm*": "noun masculine singular - day",
"*laḥōḏeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - for the month",
"*bāʿereḇ*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the evening",
"*ʿarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - plains of",
"*yərîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaḥănû*": "and they camped/encamped/settled",
"*haggilgāl*": "the Gilgal/the Rolling",
"*wayyaʿăśû*": "and they made/kept/performed/celebrated",
"*happesaḥ*": "the Passover/Paschal feast",
"*ʿereḇ*": "evening/dusk/sunset",
"*ʿarḇôṯ*": "plains/steppes/desert plains"
}
}