8 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.8",
"source": "מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם",
"text": "From-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-in-*niḇlātām* not *tiggāʿū* *ṭəmēʾîm* they to-you",
"grammar": {
"*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*ū-ḇə-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and in their carcass/dead body",
"*lōʾ tiggāʿū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not touch",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unclean/impure",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body",
"*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse",
"*tiggāʿū*": "you touch/you contact/you handle"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.9",
"source": "אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ",
"text": "This *tōʾḵəlū* from-all which in-the-*mayim* all which-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* them *tōʾḵēlū*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-mayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas",
"*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat"
},
"variants": {
"*mayim*": "waters/water",
"*sənapîr*": "fin",
"*qaśqeśet*": "scale",
"*yammîm*": "seas/oceans",
"*nəḥālîm*": "streams/rivers/wadis"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.10",
"source": "וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-all which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* from-all *šereṣ* the-*mayim* and-from-all *nefeš* the-*ḥayyâ* which in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* they to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ḵōl*": "waw conjunction + noun, construct state - and all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas",
"*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*ha-mayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the waters",
"*ū-mi-kōl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, construct state - and from all of",
"*nefeš*": "feminine singular noun, construct state - living creature of",
"*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the living",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/teeming creature/creeping thing",
"*nefeš ha-ḥayyâ*": "living creature/living being/living thing",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.11",
"source": "וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ יִהְי֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָ֖ם תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ",
"text": "And-*šeqeṣ* *yihyū* to-you from-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-their-*niḇlātām* *təšaqqēṣū*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šeqeṣ*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and detestable thing/abomination",
"*yihyū*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you",
"*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*wə-ʾet-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their carcass/dead body",
"*təšaqqēṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor"
},
"variants": {
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing",
"*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body",
"*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse",
"*təšaqqēṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.12",
"source": "כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "All which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*sənapîr*": "fin",
"*qaśqeśet*": "scale",
"*mayim*": "waters/water",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.13",
"source": "וְאֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה",
"text": "And-these *təšaqqəṣū* from-the-*ʿôf* not *yēʾāḵəlū* *šeqeṣ* they the-*nešer* and-the-*peres* and the-*ʿāzniyyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ʾēlleh*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + demonstrative pronoun, plural - and these",
"*təšaqqəṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor",
"*min-hā-ʿôf*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the birds/flying creatures",
"*lōʾ yēʾāḵəlū*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall not be eaten",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*ʾet-ha-nešer*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the eagle/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-peres*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the ossifrage/bearded vulture",
"*wə-ʾēt hā-ʿāzniyyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the osprey/black vulture"
},
"variants": {
"*təšaqqəṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/great bird of prey",
"*peres*": "ossifrage/bearded vulture/bone-breaker",
"*ʿāzniyyâ*": "osprey/black vulture/sea eagle"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.14",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ",
"text": "And-the-*dāʾâ* and-the-*ʾayyâ* to-*mînāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dāʾâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the kite/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾayyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the falcon/hawk",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*dāʾâ*": "kite/vulture/bird of prey",
"*ʾayyâ*": "falcon/hawk/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}