Numbers 14:6

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Numbers.14.6", "source": "וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וְכָלֵב֙ בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה מִן־הַתָּרִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ קָרְע֖וּ בִּגְדֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wîhôšuaʿ* *bin*-*nûn* and *kālēḇ* *ben*-*yĕp̄unneh* from the *hattārîm* *ʾēt*-the *hāʾāreṣ* *qārĕʿû* their *biḡḏêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wîhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bin*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun", "*kālēḇ*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*yĕp̄unneh*": "proper noun - Jephunneh", "*hattārîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones who spied out", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land", "*qārĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they tore", "*biḡḏêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd plural suffix - their garments" }, "variants": { "*hattārîm*": "the spies/those who explored/those who searched", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/country/territory", "*qārĕʿû*": "tore/rent/ripped", "*biḡḏêhem*": "their garments/clothes/vestments" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וְכָלֵב֙ בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה מִן־הַתָּרִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ קָרְע֖וּ בִּגְדֵיהֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And wîhôšuaʿ bin-nûn and kālēḇ ben-yĕp̄unneh from the hattārîm ʾēt-the hāʾāreṣ qārĕʿû their biḡḏêhem.

Grammar Details

• *wîhôšuaʿ*: proper noun - Joshua
• *bin*: masculine singular construct - son of
• *nûn*: proper noun - Nun
• *kālēḇ*: proper noun - Caleb
• *ben*: masculine singular construct - son of
• *yĕp̄unneh*: proper noun - Jephunneh
• *hattārîm*: qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones who spied out
• *ʾēt*: direct object marker
• *hāʾāreṣ*: feminine singular noun with definite article - the land
• *qārĕʿû*: qal perfect, 3rd plural - they tore
• *biḡḏêhem*: masculine plural noun with 3rd plural suffix - their garments

Word Meanings

• *hattārîm*: the spies/those who explored/those who searched
• *hāʾāreṣ*: the land/country/territory
• *qārĕʿû*: tore/rent/ripped
• *biḡḏêhem*: their garments/clothes/vestments

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, who were among those who had explored the land, tore their clothes.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Joshua the son of n, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which were of them that searched the land, rent their clothes:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were among those that searched the land, tore their clothes:

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which were of them that searched the land, rent their clothes:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of them that spied out the land, rent their clothes:

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which were of them that searched the land, rent their clothes:

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And Iosua the sonne of Nun and Caleb the sonne of Iephune which were of them that serched the londe rent their clothes

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And Iosua ye sonne of Nun, & Caleb ye sonne of Iephune (which also had spyed out the lande) rente their clothes,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And Ioshua the sonne of Nun, and Caleb the sonne of Iephunneh two of them that searched the lande, rent their clothes,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Iosuah the sonne of Nun, and Caleb the sonne of Iephune whiche were of them that searched the lande, rent their clothes:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, [which were] of them that searched the land, rent their clothes:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of those who spied out the land, tore their clothes:

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Joshua son of Nun, and Caleb son of Jephunneh, of those spying the land, have rent their garments,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of them that spied out the land, rent their clothes:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of them that spied out the land, rent their clothes:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Joshua, the son of Nun, and Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, two of those who had been to see the land, giving signs of grief,

• World English Bible (2000)

  Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of those who spied out the land, tore their clothes:

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  And Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh, two of those who had investigated the land, tore their garments.

Referenced Verses

• Num 14:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.30", "source": "אִם־אַתֶּם֙ תָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּ֑הּ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "*ʾim-ʾattem tābōʾû ʾel-hāʾāreṣ ʾăšer nāśāʾtî ʾet-yādî ləšakkēn ʾetkem bāh kî ʾim-kālēb ben-yəpunneh wîhôšuaʿ bin-nûn*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle (in negative oath) - if", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural personal pronoun - you", "*tābōʾû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *bwʾ* - you will come/enter", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*nāśāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal form of *nśʾ* - I lifted up", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*ləšakkēn*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct of *škn* - to settle/cause to dwell", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but/except", "*kālēb*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*yəpunneh*": "proper noun - Jephunneh", "*wîhôšuaʿ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Joshua", "*bin*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun" }, "variants": { "*ʾim-ʾattem tābōʾû*": "you shall not enter/you will not come (oath formula)", "*nāśāʾtî ʾet-yādî*": "I lifted up my hand/I swore (gesture of oath-taking)", "*ləšakkēn ʾetkem bāh*": "to cause you to dwell in it/to settle you in it/to have you inhabit it", "*kî ʾim*": "except/but only" } }
• Num 13:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.6", "source": "לְמַטֵּ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה כָּלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּֽה׃", "text": "*lə-maṭṭêh* *yəhûdâ* *kālēb* *ben*-*yəp̄unneh*", "grammar": { "*lə-maṭṭêh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for tribe of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*kālēb*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*yəp̄unneh*": "proper noun - Jephunneh" }, "variants": { "*maṭṭêh*": "tribe/staff/branch" } }
• Num 13:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.8", "source": "לְמַטֵּ֥ה אֶפְרָ֖יִם הוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "*lə-maṭṭêh* *ʾep̄rāyim* *hôšēaʿ* *bin*-*nûn*", "grammar": { "*lə-maṭṭêh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for tribe of", "*ʾep̄rāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*hôšēaʿ*": "proper noun - Hoshea", "*bin*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun" }, "variants": { "*maṭṭêh*": "tribe/staff/branch" } }
• Num 13:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.30", "source": "וַיַּ֧הַס כָּלֵ֛ב אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עָלֹ֤ה נַעֲלֶה֙ וְיָרַ֣שְׁנוּ אֹתָ֔הּ כִּֽי־יָכ֥וֹל נוּכַ֖ל לָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wa-yahas* *kālēb* *ʾet*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾel*-*mōšeh* *wa-yōʾmer* *ʿālōh* *naʿăleh* *wə-yārašnû* *ʾōtāh* *kî*-*yākôl* *nûkal* *lāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yahas*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he silenced", "*kālēb*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿālōh*": "Qal infinitive absolute - go up", "*naʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will go up", "*wə-yārašnû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st common plural - and we will possess", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*yākôl*": "Qal infinitive absolute - being able", "*nûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will be able", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for it" }, "variants": { "*yahas*": "silenced/hushed/calmed", "*ʿālōh* *naʿăleh*": "we will surely go up [emphatic construction]", "*yārašnû*": "possess/take possession of/inherit", "*yākôl* *nûkal*": "we will surely be able [emphatic construction]" } }
• Num 14:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.24", "source": "וְעַבְדִּ֣י כָלֵ֗ב עֵ֣קֶב הָֽיְתָ֞ה ר֤וּחַ אַחֶ֙רֶת֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיְמַלֵּ֖א אַחֲרָ֑י וַהֲבִֽיאֹתִ֗יו אֶל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א שָׁ֔מָּה וְזַרְע֖וֹ יוֹרִשֶֽׁנָּה׃", "text": "*wə-ʿabdî kālēb ʿēqeb hāyətāh rûaḥ ʾaḥeret ʿimmô wayəmallēʾ ʾaḥărāy wahăbîʾōtîw ʾel-hāʾāreṣ ʾăšer-bāʾ šāmmāh wə-zarʿô yôrišennāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿabdî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - and my servant", "*kālēb*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ʿēqeb*": "masculine singular noun/conjunction - because/consequence/reward", "*hāyətāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular, Qal form of *hyh* - she was/there was", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*ʾaḥeret*": "feminine singular adjective - another/different", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel form of *mlʾ* - and he filled/fulfilled", "*ʾaḥărāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - after me", "*wahăbîʾōtîw*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular, Hiphil form of *bwʾ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will bring him", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form of *bwʾ* - he came/entered", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there/thither", "*wə-zarʿô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his seed/offspring", "*yôrišennāh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil form of *yrš* + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he will possess it" }, "variants": { "*ʿēqeb*": "because/on account of/as a consequence", "*rûaḥ ʾaḥeret*": "different spirit/another attitude/different disposition", "*wayəmallēʾ ʾaḥărāy*": "he fully followed after me/he fulfilled [his duty to] follow me/he completely obeyed me", "*wahăbîʾōtîw*": "and I will bring him/I shall lead him", "*zarʿô*": "his seed/his descendants/his offspring", "*yôrišennāh*": "shall possess it/will inherit it/will drive out [its inhabitants]" } }
• Gen 37:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Genesis.37.29", "source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב רְאוּבֵן֙ אֶל־הַבּ֔וֹר וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵין־יוֹסֵ֖ף בַּבּ֑וֹר וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wə-yāšāḇ* *rəʾûḇēn* to-the *ha-bbôr*, and *wə-hinnê* *ʾên*-*yôsēp̄* in the *ba-bbôr*; and *wə-yiqraʿ* *ʾeṯ*-his *bəḡāḏāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāḇ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he returned'", "*rəʾûḇēn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Reuben'", "*ha-bbôr*": "definite article with noun, masculine singular - 'the pit'", "*wə-hinnê*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - 'and behold'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - 'there was not'", "*ba-bbôr*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - 'in the pit'", "*wə-yiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he tore'", "*bəḡāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his clothes'" }, "variants": { "*yiqraʿ*": "tore/rent/ripped" } }
• Gen 37:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Genesis.37.34", "source": "וַיִּקְרַ֤ע יַעֲקֹב֙ שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּ֥שֶׂם שַׂ֖ק בְּמָתְנָ֑יו וַיִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל עַל־בְּנ֖וֹ יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wə-yiqraʿ* *yaʿăqōḇ* his *śiməlōṯāyw* and *wə-yāśem* *śaq* on his *bə-māṯnāyw*; and *wə-yiṯʾabbēl* for-his *ʿal-bənô* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he tore'", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jacob'", "*śiməlōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his garments'", "*wə-yāśem*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he put'", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - 'sackcloth'", "*bə-māṯnāyw*": "preposition with noun, dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'on his loins'", "*wə-yiṯʾabbēl*": "waw-consecutive with hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he mourned'", "*ʿal-bənô*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'for his son'", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'days'", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - 'many'" }, "variants": { "*śaq*": "sackcloth/rough cloth/garment of mourning", "*māṯnāyw*": "loins/waist/hips" } }
• Gen 44:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.44.13", "source": "וֽ͏ַיִּקְרְע֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הָעִֽירָה׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrəʿû* their *śimlōtām* and *wayyaʿămōs* each *ʾîš* upon *ʿal*-his *ḥămōrô* and *wayyāšūbû* the *hāʿîrâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrəʿû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they tore", "*śimlōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their garments", "*wayyaʿămōs*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he loaded", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ḥămōrô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his donkey", "*wayyāšūbû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they returned", "*hāʿîrâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun with directional heh - to the city" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqrəʿû*": "tore/rent/ripped", "*śimlōtām*": "their garments/their clothes/their outer garments", "*wayyaʿămōs*": "loaded/placed/put", "*ʾîš*": "each man/every man/each one", "*ḥămōrô*": "his donkey/his ass", "*wayyāšūbû*": "returned/went back/came back", "*hāʿîrâ*": "to the city/cityward" } }
• Num 14:38 : 38 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.38", "source": "וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְכָלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֑ה חָיוּ֙ מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הַֽהֹלְכִ֖ים לָת֥וּר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "And-*Yehôšuaʿ* *ben*-*Nûn* and-*Kālēb* *ben*-*Yepunneh* *ḥāyû* from-the-*ʾănāšîm* the-those the-*hōlekîm* to-*tûr* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Yehôšuaʿ*": "proper name - Joshua", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*Nûn*": "proper name - Nun", "*Kālēb*": "proper name - Caleb", "*Yepunneh*": "proper name - Jephunneh", "*ḥāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they lived/survived", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - men", "*hōlekîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones going/walking", "*tûr*": "qal infinitive construct - to spy out/explore", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*ḥāyû*": "lived/survived/remained alive", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people/individuals", "*hōlekîm*": "those who went/walked/traveled", "*tûr*": "spy out/explore/search", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/country/ground" } }
• Josh 7:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.7.6", "source": "וַיִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨יו אַ֜רְצָה לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ עַד־הָעֶ֔רֶב ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עָפָ֖ר עַל־רֹאשָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqra* *Yehoshua* *simlotaw* and *wayyippol* on-face-his *'artzah* before *'aron* *YHWH* until-the-evening, he and-elders-of *Yisrael*; and *wayya'alu* dust on-head-their.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqra*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore", "*simlotaw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wayyippol*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - fell", "*'artzah*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to the ground", "*'aron*": "noun, masculine singular construct - ark of", "*wayya'alu*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, Hiphil - put up/placed" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqra*": "tore/rent", "*'artzah*": "to the ground/earthward", "*wayya'alu*": "put up/placed/brought up" } }
• Judg 11:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Judges.11.35", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִרְאוֹת֨וֹ אוֹתָ֜הּ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֲהָ֤הּ בִּתִּי֙ הַכְרֵ֣עַ הִכְרַעְתִּ֔נִי וְאַ֖תְּ הָיִ֣יתְ בְּעֹֽכְרָ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י פָּצִ֤יתִי־פִי֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל לָשֽׁוּב׃", "text": "And-*wayĕhî* when-*kirʾôtô* *ʾôtāh* and-*wayyiqraʿ* *ʾet*-*bĕgādāyw* and-*wayyōmer* *ʾăhāh* *bittî* *hakrēaʿ* *hikraʿtînî* and-you were in-*ʿōkĕrāy* and-I *pāṣîtî*-*pî* to-*YHWH* and-not *ʾûkal* to-*lāšûb*", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and it came to pass", "*kirʾôtô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - when he saw", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker + 3fs suffix - her", "*wayyiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore", "*bĕgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his garments", "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾăhāh*": "interjection - alas", "*bittî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1cs suffix - my daughter", "*hakrēaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - surely", "*hikraʿtînî*": "Hiphil perfect 2fs + 1cs suffix - you have brought me down", "*ʿōkĕrāy*": "Qal participle mp + 1cs suffix - my troublers", "*pāṣîtî*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I have opened", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my mouth", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾûkal*": "Qal imperfect 1cs - I am able", "*lāšûb*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to return/turn back" }, "variants": { "*ʾăhāh*": "alas/oh no/ah", "*hakrēaʿ hikraʿtînî*": "you have surely brought me down/you have thoroughly crushed me/you have greatly troubled me", "*bĕʿōkĕrāy*": "among my troublers/one who brings me trouble", "*pāṣîtî-pî*": "I have opened my mouth/I have given my word", "*lāšûb*": "to turn back/to retract/to take back" } }
• 2 Sam 3:31 : 31 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.31", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־יוֹאָ֜ב וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ קִרְע֤וּ בִגְדֵיכֶם֙ וְחִגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְסִפְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמִּטָּֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* to *yôʾāb* *wə-* to all *hā-ʿām* *ʾăšer* with him, *qirʿû* *bigdêkem* *wə-ḥigrû* *śaqqîm* *wə-sipdû* before *ʾabnēr* *wə-ha-melek* *dāwid* *hōlēk* after *ha-miṭṭâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*qirʿû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - tear/rend", "*bigdêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your garments", "*wə-ḥigrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and gird", "*śaqqîm*": "noun masculine plural - sackcloth", "*wə-sipdû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and lament/mourn", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*wə-ha-melek*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine singular - and the king", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going", "*ha-miṭṭâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the bier/bed" }, "variants": { "*qirʿû*": "tear/rend (as sign of mourning)", "*ḥigrû*": "gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth (material worn in mourning)", "*sipdû*": "lament/mourn/wail", "*miṭṭâ*": "bier/bed/funeral couch" } }
• 2 Kgs 18:37 : 37 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.37", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַ֠בַּיִת וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א הַסֹּפֵ֜ר וְיוֹאָ֨ח בֶּן־אָסָ֧ף הַמַּזְכִּ֛יר אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ קְרוּעֵ֣י בְגָדִ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ דִּבְרֵ֖י רַב־שָׁקֵֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾ* *ʾelyāqîm* son-of-*ḥilqîyāh* who *ʾăšer*-over-the house and *wəšeḇnāʾ* the *hassōp̄ēr* and *wəyôʾāḥ* son-of-*ʾāsāp̄* the *hammazkîr* to-*ḥizqîyāhû* *qərûʿê* *ḇəḡāḏîm* and *wayyaggîḏû* to him *diḇrê* *rab-šāqēh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - and he came", "*ʾelyāqîm*": "proper noun - Eliakim", "*ḥilqîyāh*": "proper noun - Hilkiah", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who", "*wəšeḇnāʾ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Shebna", "*hassōp̄ēr*": "article + noun masculine singular - the scribe", "*wəyôʾāḥ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Joah", "*ʾāsāp̄*": "proper noun - Asaph", "*hammazkîr*": "article + Hiphil participle masculine singular - the recorder/remembrancer", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*qərûʿê*": "Qal passive participle masculine plural construct - torn of", "*ḇəḡāḏîm*": "noun masculine plural - garments", "*wayyaggîḏû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd plural Hiphil imperfect - and they told", "*diḇrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*rab-šāqēh*": "proper noun - Rabshakeh" }, "variants": { "*hassōp̄ēr*": "the scribe/secretary/record keeper", "*hammazkîr*": "the recorder/remembrancer/chronicler", "*qərûʿê ḇəḡāḏîm*": "with torn clothes (sign of distress)", "*rab-šāqēh*": "chief cupbearer/high official/military commander" } }
• Job 1:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Job.1.20", "source": "וַיָּ֤קָם אִיּוֹב֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־מְעִל֔וֹ וַיָּ֖גָז אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yāqām* *ʾiyyôb* *wa-yiqraʿ* *ʾet*-*məʿîlô* *wa-yāgāz* *ʾet*-*rōʾšô* *wa-yippōl* *ʾarṣâ* *wa-yištāḥû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāqām*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and arose", "*ʾiyyôb*": "proper noun - Job", "*wa-yiqraʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and tore", "*məʿîlô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his robe", "*wa-yāgāz*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and shaved", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*wa-yippōl*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and fell", "*ʾarṣâ*": "feminine singular noun with directional hey - to the ground", "*wa-yištāḥû*": "conjunction + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and worshiped" }, "variants": { "*yiqraʿ*": "tore/rent", "*məʿîl*": "robe/coat/cloak", "*yāgāz*": "shaved/cut/sheared", "*yippōl ʾarṣâ*": "fell to the ground/prostrated himself", "*yištāḥû*": "worshiped/bowed down/prostrated himself" } }
• Joel 2:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Joel.2.12", "source": "וְגַם־עַתָּה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖י בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וּבְצ֥וֹם וּבְבְכִ֖י וּבְמִסְפֵּֽד׃", "text": "And-also-now *neʾum*-*YHWH* *shūbû* to-me with-all-*lebabkhem* and-with-*tsôm* and-with-*bekhî* and-with-*mispēd*.", "grammar": { "*neʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration of/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*shūbû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - return/turn", "*lebabkhem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*tsôm*": "masculine singular noun - fasting", "*bekhî*": "masculine singular noun - weeping", "*mispēd*": "masculine singular noun - mourning/lamentation" }, "variants": { "*neʾum*": "declaration of/utterance of/oracle of", "*shūbû*": "return/turn/repent", "*tsôm*": "fasting/fast", "*bekhî*": "weeping/crying", "*mispēd*": "mourning/lamentation/wailing" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joel.2.13", "source": "וְקִרְע֤וּ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶ֔ם וְשׁ֖וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־חַנּ֤וּן וְרַחוּם֙ ה֔וּא אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃", "text": "And-*qirʿû* *lebabkhem* and-not-*bigdêkhem* and-*shûbû* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem* because-*ḥannûn* and-*raḥûm* *hûʾ* *ʾerekh* *ʾappayim* and-*rab*-*ḥesed* and-*niḥām* upon-the-*hārāʿâ*.", "grammar": { "*qirʿû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - tear/rend", "*lebabkhem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*bigdêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your garments", "*shûbû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - return/turn", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ḥannûn*": "masculine singular adjective - gracious", "*raḥûm*": "masculine singular adjective - compassionate", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʾerekh*": "masculine singular construct - long of", "*ʾappayim*": "masculine dual noun - nostrils/anger", "*rab*": "masculine singular construct - abundant of", "*ḥesed*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/steadfast love", "*niḥām*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - relenting/compassionate", "*hārāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the evil/calamity" }, "variants": { "*qirʿû*": "tear/rend/split", "*ḥannûn*": "gracious/merciful/favorable", "*raḥûm*": "compassionate/merciful", "*ʾerekh* *ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/longsuffering", "*rab*-*ḥesed*": "abundant in lovingkindness/great in steadfast love", "*niḥām*": "relenting/compassionate/repenting", "*hārāʿâ*": "the evil/calamity/disaster/harm" } }
• Matt 26:65 : 65 { "verseID": "Matthew.26.65", "source": "Τότε ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, λέγων, ὅτι Ἐβλασφήμησεν· τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων; ἴδε, νῦν ἠκούσατε τὴν βλασφημίαν αὐτοῦ.", "text": "*Tote* the *archiereus* *dierrēxen* the *himatia* of him, *legōn*, that *Eblasphēmēsen*; what still *chreian* *echomen* of *martyrōn*? *ide*, now *ēkousate* the *blasphēmian* of him.", "grammar": { "*Tote*": "temporal adverb - then", "*archiereus*": "nominative masculine singular - high priest", "*dierrēxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - tore", "*himatia*": "accusative neuter plural - garments/clothes", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - saying", "*Eblasphēmēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he has blasphemed", "*chreian*": "accusative feminine singular - need", "*echomen*": "present active indicative, 1st person plural - we have", "*martyrōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of witnesses", "*ide*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person singular - behold/see", "*ēkousate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you have heard", "*blasphēmian*": "accusative feminine singular - blasphemy" }, "variants": { "*dierrēxen*": "tore/rent (symbolic act of horror at blasphemy)", "*himatia*": "garments/clothes/robes", "*Eblasphēmēsen*": "he has blasphemed/he has spoken impiously", "*chreian echomen*": "we have need/we require", "*ide*": "behold/look/see", "*blasphēmian*": "blasphemy/slander against God" } }