Proverbs 18:23

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.18.23", "source": "תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים יְדַבֶּר־רָ֑שׁ וְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר יַעֲנֶ֥ה עַזּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*taḥănûnîm* *yəḏabber*-*rāš* and-*ʿāšîr* *yaʿăneh* *ʿazzôṯ*", "grammar": { "*taḥănûnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - supplications/pleas/entreaties", "*yəḏabber*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - speaks", "*rāš*": "noun, masculine singular - poor person/pauper", "*ʿāšîr*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - rich person/wealthy", "*yaʿăneh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - answers/responds", "*ʿazzôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural - harsh things/fierce things" }, "variants": { "*taḥănûnîm*": "supplications/pleas/entreaties/appeals", "*yəḏabber*": "speaks/says/utters", "*rāš*": "poor person/pauper/needy one", "*ʿāšîr*": "rich person/wealthy person", "*yaʿăneh*": "answers/responds/replies", "*ʿazzôṯ*": "harsh things/fierce things/rudely/roughly" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים יְדַבֶּר־רָ֑שׁ וְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר יַעֲנֶ֥ה עַזּֽוֹת׃

Transliteration

taḥănûnîm yəḏabber-rāš and-ʿāšîr yaʿăneh ʿazzôṯ

Grammar Details

• *taḥănûnîm*: noun, masculine plural - supplications/pleas/entreaties
• *yəḏabber*: verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - speaks
• *rāš*: noun, masculine singular - poor person/pauper
• *ʿāšîr*: noun/adjective, masculine singular - rich person/wealthy
• *yaʿăneh*: verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - answers/responds
• *ʿazzôṯ*: adjective, feminine plural - harsh things/fierce things

Word Meanings

• *taḥănûnîm*: supplications/pleas/entreaties/appeals
• *yəḏabber*: speaks/says/utters
• *rāš*: poor person/pauper/needy one
• *ʿāšîr*: rich person/wealthy person
• *yaʿăneh*: answers/responds/replies
• *ʿazzôṯ*: harsh things/fierce things/rudely/roughly

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The poor speak with supplications, but the rich answer harshly.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The poor use entreaties, but the rich answer roughly.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  The poor useth entreaties; But the rich answereth roughly.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The poore maketh supplicacion and prayeth mekely, but the riche geueth a rough answere.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The poore speaketh with prayers: but the rich answereth roughly.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The poore prayeth meekely: but the riche geueth a rough aunswere.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ The poor useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The poor plead for mercy, But the rich answer harshly.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `With' supplications doth the poor speak, And the rich answereth fierce things.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The poor useth entreaties; But the rich answereth roughly.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The poor useth entreaties; But the rich answereth roughly.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The poor man makes requests for grace, but the man of wealth gives a rough answer.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The poor plead for mercy, but the rich answer harshly.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  A poor person makes supplications, but a rich man answers harshly.

Referenced Verses

• Jas 2:3 : 3 { "verseID": "James.2.3", "source": "Καὶ ἐπιβλέψητε ἐπὶ τὸν φοροῦντα τὴν ἐσθῆτα τὴν λαμπρὰν, καὶ εἴπητε αὐτῷ, Σὺ κάθου ὧδε καλῶς· καὶ τῷ πτωχῷ εἴπητε, Σὺ στῆθι ἐκεῖ, ἢ κάθου ὧδε ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου:", "text": "And *epiblepsēte* upon the *phorounta* the *esthēta* the *lampran*, and *eipēte* to him, You *kathou* here *kalōs*; and to the *ptōchō eipēte*, You *stēthi* there, or *kathou* here under the *hypopodion* of me:", "grammar": { "Καὶ": "conjunction - and", "*epiblepsēte*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might look upon/pay attention to", "ἐπὶ": "preposition + accusative - upon/at", "τὸν *phorounta*": "accusative, masculine, singular, present participle - the one wearing", "τὴν *esthēta* τὴν *lampran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - the fine garment", "*eipēte*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might say", "αὐτῷ": "dative, masculine, singular - to him", "Σὺ": "nominative, second person, singular - you", "*kathou*": "present, middle, imperative, 2nd person singular - sit", "ὧδε": "adverb - here", "*kalōs*": "adverb - well/in a good place", "τῷ *ptōchō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to the poor man", "*stēthi*": "aorist, active, imperative, 2nd person singular - stand", "ἐκεῖ": "adverb - there", "ἢ": "conjunction - or", "ὑπὸ": "preposition + accusative - under", "τὸ *hypopodion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the footstool", "μου": "genitive, first person, singular - of me/my" }, "variants": { "*epiblepsēte*": "look upon/pay attention to/regard/show favor to", "*phorounta*": "wearing/bearing/carrying", "*esthēta lampran*": "fine clothing/splendid garment/bright apparel", "*eipēte*": "say/speak/tell", "*kathou*": "sit/be seated", "*kalōs*": "well/honorably/in a good place", "*ptōchō*": "poor person/beggar/destitute individual", "*stēthi*": "stand/stand up", "*hypopodion*": "footstool/place for feet" } }
• Jas 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "James.2.6", "source": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν. Οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια;", "text": "You *de ētimasate* the *ptōchon*. Not the *plousioi katadynasteuousin* you, and they *helkousin* you into *kritēria*?", "grammar": { "Ὑμεῖς": "nominative, second person, plural - you", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ētimasate*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you dishonored", "τὸν *ptōchon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the poor man", "Οὐχ": "negative particle (interrogative) - not", "οἱ *plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - the rich", "*katadynasteuousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they oppress", "ὑμῶν": "genitive, second person, plural - of you", "αὐτοὶ": "nominative, masculine, plural, intensive pronoun - they themselves", "*helkousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they drag", "ὑμᾶς": "accusative, second person, plural - you", "εἰς": "preposition + accusative - into", "*kritēria*": "accusative, neuter, plural - courts/tribunals" }, "variants": { "*ētimasate*": "dishonored/despised/treated with contempt", "*ptōchon*": "poor person/beggar/destitute individual", "*plousioi*": "rich people/wealthy ones", "*katadynasteuousin*": "oppress/dominate/exercise power over", "*helkousin*": "drag/pull/haul/draw", "*kritēria*": "courts/tribunals/judgment seats" } }
• Gen 42:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Genesis.42.7", "source": "וַיַּ֥רְא יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־אֶחָ֖יו וַיַּכִּרֵ֑ם וַיִּתְנַכֵּ֨ר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר אִתָּ֣ם קָשׁ֗וֹת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֵאַ֣יִן בָּאתֶ֔ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִשְׁבָּר־אֹֽכֶל׃", "text": "And *wayyarʾ* *yôsēp* *ʾet*-*ʾeḥāyw* and *wayyakkirēm*, and *wayyitnakkēr* to-them and *wayědabbēr* with-them *qāšôt*, and *wayyōʾmer* to-them: from-where *bāʾtem*? And *wayyōʾmĕrû*: from-*ʾereṣ* *kĕnaʿan* to-*lišbār*-*ʾōkel*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*yôsēp*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joseph", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers", "*wayyakkirēm*": "waw-consecutive hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he recognized them", "*wayyitnakkēr*": "waw-consecutive hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he disguised himself", "*wayědabbēr*": "waw-consecutive piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*qāšôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - harsh/hard [words]", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*bāʾtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have come", "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "waw-consecutive qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*kĕnaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*lišbār*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to buy", "*ʾōkel*": "noun, masculine singular - food" }, "variants": { "*wayyakkirēm*": "recognized them/identified them", "*wayyitnakkēr*": "disguised himself/acted as a foreigner/pretended not to know" } }
• Gen 42:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Genesis.42.30", "source": "דִּ֠בֶּר הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲדֹנֵ֥י הָאָ֛רֶץ אִתָּ֖נוּ קָשׁ֑וֹת וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֹתָ֔נוּ כִּֽמְרַגְּלִ֖ים אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Dibber* the-*ʾîš* *ʾăḏōnê* the-*ʾāreṣ* with-us *qāšôṯ*; and *yittēn* *ʾōṯānû* as-*məraggəlîm* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*Dibber*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾăḏōnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lord of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*qāšôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural - harsh things", "*yittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he regarded", "*ʾōṯānû*": "direct object marker with 1st person common plural suffix - us", "*məraggəlîm*": "noun, piel participle masculine plural - spies", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*Dibber*": "spoke/said/talked", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*ʾăḏōnê*": "lord of/master of/ruler of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/earth", "*qāšôṯ*": "harsh things/harshly/roughly", "*yittēn*": "regarded/considered/treated", "*məraggəlîm*": "spies/scouts", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/territory" } }
• Exod 5:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹל֔וֹ לְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַ֥ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Parʿōh*: Who is *YHWH* *ʾăšer* I should *ʾešmaʿ* to his *qōl* to *ləšallaḥ* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl*? Not *yādaʿtî* *ʾet*-*YHWH* and also *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl* not *ʾăšallēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that, who, which", "*ʾešmaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I should listen/heed/obey", "*bə*": "preposition - in, with, by", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*lə*": "preposition - to, for", "*šallaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct - to send away, release", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I know/knew", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾăšallēaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will send away, release" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, he replied, he answered", "*mî*": "who?, which one?", "*ʾăšer*": "who, which, that", "*ʾešmaʿ*": "I should listen to, obey, heed", "*qōl*": "voice, sound, noise", "*šallaḥ*": "to send away, release, let go", "*yādaʿtî*": "I know, I have known, I recognize", "*ʾăšallēaḥ*": "I will release, I will let go, I will send away" } }
• Ruth 2:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.7", "source": "וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י הַקּוֹצְרִ֑ים וַתָּב֣וֹא וַֽתַּעֲמ֗וֹד מֵאָ֤ז הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה זֶ֛ה שִׁבְתָּ֥הּ הַבַּ֖יִת מְעָֽט׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer*, \"*ʾălaqŏṭâ*-*nāʾ* and-*ʾāsaptî* in-the-*ʿŏmārîm* after the-*qôṣĕrîm*.\" And-*tābôʾ* and-*taʿămôd* from-*ʾāz* the-*bōqer* and-until-*ʿattâ*. *Zeh* *šibtâh* the-*bayit* *mĕʿāṭ*.", "grammar": { "וַתֹּ֗אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*ʾălaqŏṭâ*-*nāʾ*": "imperfect 1st singular cohortative + particle of entreaty - 'let me glean, please'", "וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י": "conjunction wə- + perfect 1st singular - 'and I will gather'", "בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים": "preposition bə- + definite article + masculine plural noun - 'among the sheaves'", "אַחֲרֵ֖י": "preposition - 'after/behind'", "הַקּוֹצְרִ֑ים": "definite article + masculine plural participle - 'the reapers'", "וַתָּב֣וֹא": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she came'", "וַֽתַּעֲמ֗וֹד": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she stood/remained'", "מֵאָ֤ז": "preposition min + adverb - 'from then'", "הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙": "definite article + noun - 'the morning'", "וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה": "conjunction wə- + preposition + adverb - 'and until now'", "*Zeh*": "demonstrative - 'this'", "*šibtâh*": "infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sitting/dwelling'", "הַבַּ֖יִת": "definite article + noun - 'the house'", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "adjective/adverb - 'little/few/a little'" }, "variants": { "*ʿŏmārîm*": "sheaves/bundles", "*ʿămôd*": "stood/remained/continued", "*šibtâh*": "her sitting/her dwelling/her staying", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "little/few/briefly" } }
• 1 Sam 2:36 : 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.36", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה כָּל־הַנּוֹתָר֙ בְּבֵ֣יתְךָ֔ יָבוֹא֙ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת ל֔וֹ לַאֲג֥וֹרַת כֶּ֖סֶף וְכִכַּר־לָ֑חֶם וְאָמַ֗ר סְפָחֵ֥נִי נָ֛א אֶל־אַחַ֥ת הַכְּהֻנּ֖וֹת לֶאֱכֹ֥ל פַּת־לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "And-it-shall-*hāyâ* all-the-*yātar* in-*bayit*-your *bôʾ* to-*šāḥâ* to-him for-*ʾăgôrâ* of-*kesep* and-*kikkar*-*leḥem*; and-he-will-*ʾāmar*, *sāpaḥ*-me *nāʾ* to-one-of the-*kəhunnâ* to-*ʾākal* *pat*-*leḥem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kol-ha-nôtār*": "construct + definite article + niphal participle, masculine singular - all the one remaining", "*bə-bêtekā*": "preposition + masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your house", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will come", "*lə-hištaḥăwōt*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to bow down", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*la-ʾăgôrat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - for a piece of", "*kesep*": "masculine singular - silver/money", "*wə-kikkar*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and a round loaf of", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular - bread", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will say", "*səpāḥēnî*": "qal imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - attach me", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ʾel-ʾaḥat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - to one of", "*ha-kəhunnôt*": "definite article + feminine plural - the priesthoods/priestly offices", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*pat-lāḥem*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular - morsel of bread" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen/occur", "*yātar*": "remain/be left over/survive", "*bayit*": "house/household/family", "*bôʾ*": "come/go/enter", "*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate oneself/worship", "*ʾăgôrâ*": "piece/payment/coin", "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*kikkar*": "round loaf/talent/disk", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/think", "*sāpaḥ*": "attach/join/add/include", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*kəhunnâ*": "priesthood/priestly office/service", "*ʾākal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*pat*": "fragment/piece/morsel/bit" } }
• 1 Sam 25:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.10", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַן נָבָ֜ל אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י דָוִ֖ד וּמִ֣י בֶן־יִשָׁ֑י הַיּוֹם֙ רַבּ֣וּ עֲבָדִ֔ים הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵ֥י אֲדֹנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿan* *Nābāl* *ʾet*-*ʿabdê* *Dāwid* and *wayyōʾmer* who *Dāwid* and-who *ben*-*Yišāy* the-*hayyôm* *rabbû* *ʿăbādîm* the-*hammitpārəṣîm* *ʾîš* from-*pənê* *ʾădōnāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he answered", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*ʿabdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - servants of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yišāy*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*hayyôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*rabbû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they are many", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun masculine plural - servants", "*hammitpārəṣîm*": "hitpael participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones breaking away", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/each", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his masters" }, "variants": { "*hammitpārəṣîm*": "breaking away/breaking loose/fleeing" } }
• 1 Sam 25:17 : 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.17", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה דְּעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ מַֽה־תַּעֲשִׂ֔י כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֧ה הָרָעָ֛ה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וְעַ֣ל כָּל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְהוּא֙ בֶּן־בְּלִיַּ֔עַל מִדַּבֵּ֖ר אֵלָֽיו׃", "text": "wə-*ʿattâ* *dəʿî* u-*rəʾî* what-*taʿăśî* *kî*-*kālətâ* the-*rāʿâ* unto-*ʾădōnênû* wə-upon all-*bêtô* wə-he *ben*-*bəliyyaʿal* from-*dabbēr* unto-him", "grammar": { "wə-": "conjunction - and", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*dəʿî*": "verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular - know", "u-": "conjunction - and", "*rəʾî*": "verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular - see", "*taʿăśî*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will do", "*kî*": "conjunction - because, for", "*kālətâ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is determined/completed", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*ʾădōnênû*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - our master", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*dabbēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - speaking" }, "variants": { "*kālətâ*": "is determined/is completed/is finished", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity/harm", "*ben*-*bəliyyaʿal*": "son of worthlessness/worthless fellow/scoundrel", "*dabbēr*": "speaking/to speak with/to address" } }
• 2 Kgs 4:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Kings.4.1", "source": "וְאִשָּׁ֣ה אַחַ֣ת מִנְּשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַ֠נְּבִיאִים צָעֲקָ֨ה אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֜ע לֵאמֹ֗ר עַבְדְּךָ֤ אִישִׁי֙ מֵ֔ת וְאַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּ֣י עַבְדְּךָ֔ הָיָ֥ה יָרֵ֖א אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְהַ֨נֹּשֶׁ֔ה בָּ֗א לָקַ֜חַת אֶת־שְׁנֵ֧י יְלָדַ֛י ל֖וֹ לַעֲבָדִֽים", "text": "And *ʾiššâ* *ʾaḥat* from *nəšê* *bənê*-*hannəbîʾîm* *ṣāʿăqâ* to-*ʾĕlîšāʿ* *lēʾmōr*, *ʿabdəkā* *ʾîšî* *mēt*, and you *yādaʿtâ* that *ʿabdəkā* *hāyâ* *yārēʾ* *ʾet*-*YHWH*; and *hannōšê* *bāʾ* to-*lāqaḥat* *ʾet*-two *yəlāday* to-him to-*ʿăbādîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*ʾaḥat*": "adjective, feminine, singular - one", "*nəšê*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct state - wives of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct state - sons of", "*hannəbîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the prophets", "*ṣāʿăqâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - cried out", "*ʾĕlîšāʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Elisha", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾîšî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my husband", "*mēt*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - died/is dead", "*yādaʿtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you knew/know", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was/has been", "*yārēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - fearing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, the divine name", "*hannōšê*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the creditor", "*bāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came/has come", "*lāqaḥat*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to take", "*yəlāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my children", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves" }, "variants": { "*ʾiššâ* *ʾaḥat*": "one woman/a certain woman", "*nəšê* *bənê*-*hannəbîʾîm*": "wives of the sons of the prophets/wives from the prophetic community", "*ṣāʿăqâ*": "cried out/called out in distress", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*hannōšê*": "the creditor/the one who lends", "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.4.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלֶ֤יהָ אֱלִישָׁע֙ מָ֣ה אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֔ךְ הַגִּ֣ידִי לִ֔י מַה־יֶּשׁ־לָ֖ךְ בַּבָּ֑יִת וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֣ין לְשִׁפְחָתְךָ֥ כֹל֙ בַּבַּ֔יִת כִּ֖י אִם־אָס֥וּךְ שָֽׁמֶן", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to-her *ʾĕlîšāʿ* what *ʾeʿĕśeh*-for-you? *haggîdî* to-me what-*yeš*-to-you in-the-*bayit*? And *wattōʾmer*, *ʾên* to-*šipḥātəkā* *kōl* in-the-*bayit* except *ʾāsûk* *šāmen*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĕlîšāʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Elisha", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I shall do", "*haggîdî*": "verb, hiphil imperative, feminine singular - tell/declare", "*yeš*": "particle of existence - there is/exists", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house", "*wattōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she said", "*ʾên*": "particle of non-existence - there is not", "*šipḥātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular - anything/all", "*ʾāsûk*": "noun, masculine singular - flask/jar", "*šāmen*": "noun, masculine singular - oil" }, "variants": { "*šipḥātəkā*": "your maidservant/your female servant (self-reference showing humility)", "*ʾāsûk*": "flask/jar/container", "*šāmen*": "oil/olive oil" } }
• Isa 66:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.66.2", "source": "וְאֶת־כָּל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ יָדִ֣י עָשָׂ֔תָה וַיִּהְי֥וּ כָל־אֵ֖לֶּה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־זֶ֣ה אַבִּ֔יט אֶל־עָנִי֙ וּנְכֵה־ר֔וּחַ וְחָרֵ֖ד עַל־דְּבָרִֽי׃", "text": "And *wĕ-ʾet*-all-these *yāḏî* *ʿāśātâ*, and *wayyihyû* all-these *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*; and to-this *ʾabbîṭ*, to-*ʿānî* and *nĕkēh*-*rûaḥ* and *ḥārēḏ* upon-*dĕḇārî*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol-ʾēlleh*": "quantifier + demonstrative pronoun - all these", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*ʿāśātâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she made/did", "*wayyihyû*": "qal consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they became/were", "*nĕʾum*": "construct noun - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wĕ-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to/toward", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ʾabbîṭ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will look/regard", "*ʾel-ʿānî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the poor/afflicted", "*û-nĕkēh*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular construct - and stricken/contrite of", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - spirit/breath", "*wĕ-ḥārēḏ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and trembling", "*ʿal-dĕḇārî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - upon my word" }, "variants": { "*yāḏî*": "my hand/power/authority", "*ʿāśātâ*": "made/created/fashioned", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*ʾabbîṭ*": "I will look/regard/pay attention to", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*nĕkēh-rûaḥ*": "contrite of spirit/broken-spirited/humble", "*ḥārēḏ*": "trembling/fearful/reverent", "*dĕḇārî*": "my word/speech/command" } }
• Matt 5:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Matthew.5.3", "source": "Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι: ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν.", "text": "*Makarioi* the *ptōchoi* in the *pneumati*: *hoti* of-them *estin* the *basileia* of-the *ouranōn*.", "grammar": { "*Makarioi*": "nominative masculine plural adjective - blessed/happy", "*ptōchoi*": "nominative masculine plural - poor/destitute", "*pneumati*": "dative neuter singular - in spirit", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*basileia*": "nominative feminine singular - kingdom/reign", "*ouranōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of heavens" }, "variants": { "*Makarioi*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*ptōchoi*": "poor/destitute/beggarly", "*pneumati*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*basileia*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*ouranōn*": "heavens/skies" } }
• Jas 1:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "James.1.9", "source": "Καυχάσθω δὲ ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὁ ταπεινὸς ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ:", "text": "Let *kauchastho* and the *adelphos* the *tapeinos* in the *hypsei* of him:", "grammar": { "*kauchastho*": "present, middle, imperative, 3rd person singular - let him boast", "*adelphos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*tapeinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - adjective modifying *adelphos*", "*hypsei*": "dative, neuter, singular - location/sphere (in height)" }, "variants": { "*kauchastho*": "let him boast/glory/exult", "*adelphos*": "brother/fellow believer", "*tapeinos*": "lowly/humble/poor/of low position", "*hypsei*": "height/exaltation/high position" } } 10 { "verseID": "James.1.10", "source": "Ὁ δὲ πλούσιος ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ: ὅτι ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται.", "text": "And the *plousios* in the *tapeinōsei* of him: because as *anthos* of *chortou* he will *pareleusetai*.", "grammar": { "*plousios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject (rich man)", "*tapeinōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - location/sphere (in humiliation)", "*anthos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - subject of comparison", "*chortou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - possessive (of grass)", "*pareleusetai*": "future, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - will pass away" }, "variants": { "*plousios*": "rich person/wealthy man", "*tapeinōsei*": "humiliation/low position/lowliness", "*anthos*": "flower/blossom", "*chortou*": "grass/vegetation/field plant", "*pareleusetai*": "will pass away/will disappear/will fade" } } 11 { "verseID": "James.1.11", "source": "Ἀνέτειλεν γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος σὺν τῷ καύσωνι, καὶ ἐξήρανεν τὸν χόρτον, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος αὐτοῦ ἐξέπεσεν, καὶ ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο: οὕτως καὶ ὁ πλούσιος ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ μαρανθήσεται.", "text": "*Aneteilen* for the *hēlios* with the *kausōni*, and *exēranen* the *chorton*, and the *anthos* of it *exepesen*, and the *euprepeia* of the *prosōpou* of it *apōleto*: thus also the *plousios* in the *poreiais* of him will be *maranthēsetai*.", "grammar": { "*Aneteilen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - rose", "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*kausōni*": "dative, masculine, singular - accompanying circumstance (with scorching heat)", "*exēranen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - withered", "*chorton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object", "*anthos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - subject", "*exepesen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - fell off", "*euprepeia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - subject", "*prosōpou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - possessive (of appearance)", "*apōleto*": "aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - perished", "*plousios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*poreiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - location (in pursuits)", "*maranthēsetai*": "future, passive, indicative, 3rd person singular - will wither" }, "variants": { "*Aneteilen*": "rose/came up", "*hēlios*": "sun", "*kausōni*": "scorching heat/burning wind", "*exēranen*": "withered/dried up/scorched", "*chorton*": "grass/vegetation", "*exepesen*": "fell off/dropped/fell away", "*euprepeia*": "beauty/comeliness/attractiveness", "*prosōpou*": "appearance/face/countenance", "*apōleto*": "perished/was destroyed/disappeared", "*poreiais*": "pursuits/ways/journeys/undertakings", "*maranthēsetai*": "will wither/will fade away/will waste away" } }