Proverbs 13:23

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.13.23", "source": "רָב־אֹ֖כֶל נִ֣יר רָאשִׁ֑ים וְיֵ֥שׁ נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*rāb-ʾōkel nîr rāʾšîm wə-yēš nispê bəlōʾ mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/abundance of", "*ʾōkel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*nîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - newly plowed field of", "*rāʾšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - poor/heads", "*wə-*": "conjunction - but", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*nispê*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - swept away/destroyed", "*bəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - without", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment" }, "variants": { "*rāb*": "much/abundance/plenty", "*ʾōkel*": "food/nourishment", "*nîr*": "newly plowed field/tillage", "*rāʾšîm*": "poor/heads/poor men", "*nispê*": "swept away/destroyed/perishing", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/fairness" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

רָב־אֹ֖כֶל נִ֣יר רָאשִׁ֑ים וְיֵ֥שׁ נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה בְּלֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃

Transliteration

rāb-ʾōkel nîr rāʾšîm wə-yēš nispê bəlōʾ mišpāṭ

Grammar Details

• *rāb*: adjective, masculine singular - much/abundance of
• *ʾōkel*: noun, masculine singular - food
• *nîr*: noun, masculine singular construct - newly plowed field of
• *rāʾšîm*: noun, masculine plural - poor/heads
• *wə-*: conjunction - but
• *yēš*: particle of existence - there is
• *nispê*: verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - swept away/destroyed
• *bəlōʾ*: preposition + negative particle - without
• *mišpāṭ*: noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment

Word Meanings

• *rāb*: much/abundance/plenty
• *ʾōkel*: food/nourishment
• *nîr*: newly plowed field/tillage
• *rāʾšîm*: poor/heads/poor men
• *nispê*: swept away/destroyed/perishing
• *mišpāṭ*: justice/judgment/fairness

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  An abundance of food may come from the land of the poor, but it is sometimes swept away for lack of justice.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Much food is in the tillage of the poor, but there is that which is destroyed for lack of judgment.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Much food [is in] the tillage of the poor; But there is that is destroyed by reason of injustice.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  There is plenteousnesse of fode in the feldes of the poore, & shalbe increased out of measure.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Much foode is in the fielde of the poore: but the fielde is destroyed without discretion.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  There is plenteousnesse of foode in the fieldes of the poore: but the fielde not well ordered, is without fruite.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Much food [is in] the tillage of the poor: but there is [that is] destroyed for want of judgment.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  An abundance of food is in poor people's fields, But injustice sweeps it away.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Abundance of food -- the tillage of the poor, And substance is consumed without judgment.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Much food `is in' the tillage of the poor; But there is that is destroyed by reason of injustice.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Much food [is in] the tillage of the poor; But there is that is destroyed by reason of injustice.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  There is much food in the ploughed land of the poor; but it is taken away by wrongdoing.

• World English Bible (2000)

  An abundance of food is in poor people's fields, but injustice sweeps it away.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Abundant food may come from the field of the poor, but it is swept away by injustice.

Referenced Verses

• Prov 12:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.12.11", "source": "עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֖ף רֵיקִ֣ים חֲסַר־לֵֽב׃", "text": "*ʿōḇēḏ* *ʾaḏmāṯô* *yiśbaʿ*-*lāḥem* *ûməraḏēp̄* *rêqîm* *ḥăsar*-*lēḇ*", "grammar": { "*ʿōḇēḏ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular construct - one who works", "*ʾaḏmāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land/ground", "*yiśbaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be satisfied with", "*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*ûməraḏēp̄*": "conjunction + verb, piel participle, masculine singular construct - and one who pursues", "*rêqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - worthless/empty things", "*ḥăsar*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - lacking of", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/understanding" }, "variants": { "*ʿōḇēḏ*": "one who works/tills/cultivates", "*ʾaḏmāh*": "land/ground/soil", "*yiśbaʿ*": "will be satisfied with/will have plenty of", "*lāḥem*": "bread/food", "*məraḏēp̄*": "one who pursues/chases after", "*rêqîm*": "worthless things/empty things/vain pursuits", "*ḥăsar*-*lēḇ*": "lacking heart/void of understanding/senseless" } }
• Prov 28:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.19", "source": "עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָתוֹ יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָ֑חֶם וּמְרַדֵּ֥ף רֵ֝קִ֗ים יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־רִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*'ōḇēḏ* *'aḏmāṯô* *yiśba'*-*lāḥem* *ûməradēp̄* *rēqîm* *yiśba'*-*rîš*", "grammar": { "*'ōḇēḏ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - working/tilling", "*'aḏmāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land/ground", "*yiśba'*-*lāḥem*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - will be satisfied with bread", "*ûməradēp̄*": "conjunction + Piel participle, masculine singular - but one pursuing", "*rēqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - empty/worthless things", "*yiśba'*-*rîš*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - will be filled with poverty" }, "variants": { "*'ōḇēḏ*": "working/tilling/cultivating", "*'aḏmāṯô*": "his land/his ground/his soil", "*yiśba'*": "will be satisfied/will be filled", "*lāḥem*": "bread/food", "*məradēp̄*": "pursuing/chasing after", "*rēqîm*": "empty things/worthless things/vain pursuits", "*rîš*": "poverty/need/lack" } }
• Eccl 5:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.5.9", "source": "אֹהֵ֥ב כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹא־יִשְׂבַּ֣ע כֶּ֔סֶף וּמִֽי־אֹהֵ֥ב בֶּהָמ֖וֹן לֹ֣א תְבוּאָ֑ה גַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃", "text": "*ʾōhēḇ* *kesepp̄* not *yiśbaʿ* *kesepp̄* and who *ʾōhēḇ* in *hehāmôn* not *ṯəḇûʾāh*, also this *hāḇel*", "grammar": { "*ʾōhēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - loving/one who loves", "*kesepp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*yiśbaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be satisfied", "*hehāmôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the abundance/wealth", "*ṯəḇûʾāh*": "noun, feminine singular - income/produce/yield", "*hāḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhēḇ*": "loving/one who loves/having affection for", "*kesepp̄*": "silver/money/wealth", "*yiśbaʿ*": "to be satisfied/have enough/be full", "*hehāmôn*": "abundance/wealth/multitude/crowd/noise", "*ṯəḇûʾāh*": "income/produce/yield/revenue/gain", "*hāḇel*": "vanity/vapor/breath/emptiness/meaninglessness" } }
• Eccl 8:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.5", "source": "שׁוֹמֵ֣ר מִצְוָ֔ה לֹ֥א יֵדַ֖ע דָּבָ֣ר רָ֑ע וְעֵ֣ת וּמִשְׁפָּ֔ט יֵדַ֖ע לֵ֥ב חָכָֽם׃", "text": "*šômēr* *miṣwāh* not *yēdaʿ* *dābār* *rāʿ* and-*ʿēt* and-*mišpāṭ* *yēdaʿ* *lēb* *ḥākām*", "grammar": { "*šômēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - keeping/observer of", "*miṣwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - commandment", "*yēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he knows/will know", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter/thing", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise" }, "variants": { "*šômēr*": "keeper/observer/one who keeps", "*miṣwāh*": "commandment/precept/law", "*yēdaʿ*": "knows/will know/experiences", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/affair", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/harmful/distress", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/proper time", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/proper procedure", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*ḥākām*": "wise/skillful/experienced" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.6", "source": "כִּ֣י לְכָל־חֵ֔פֶץ יֵ֖שׁ עֵ֣ת וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי־רָעַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם רַבָּ֥ה עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*kî* to-all-*ḥēpeṣ* *yēš* *ʿēt* and-*mišpāṭ* *kî*-*rāʿat* the-*ʾādām* *rabbāh* upon-him", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥēpeṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - matter/delight/pleasure", "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*rāʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - evil/misery of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*rabbāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/much" }, "variants": { "*ḥēpeṣ*": "matter/delight/pleasure/purpose/desire", "*yēš*": "there is/exists", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/proper time", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/proper procedure/manner", "*rāʿat*": "evil/misery/distress/calamity", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*rabbāh*": "great/much/heavy/abundant" } }
• Jer 8:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.7", "source": "גַּם־חֲסִידָ֣ה בַשָּׁמַ֗יִם יָֽדְעָה֙ מֽוֹעֲדֶ֔יהָ וְתֹ֤ר *וסוס **וְסִיס֙ וְעָג֔‪[t]‬וּר שָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־עֵ֣ת בֹּאָ֑נָה וְעַמִּ֕י לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת מִשְׁפַּ֥ט יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Even-*ḥăsîdāh* in-the-*šāmayim* *yādᵊʿāh* *môʿădêhā*, and-*tōr* and-*wᵊsîs* and-*ʿāgûr* *šāmᵊrû* *ʾet*-*ʿēt* *bōʾānāh*; but-*ʿammî* not *yādᵊʿû* *ʾēt* *mišpaṭ* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ḥăsîdāh*": "noun - stork", "*šāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*yādᵊʿāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she knows", "*môʿădêhā*": "plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her appointed times", "*tōr*": "noun - turtledove", "*wᵊsîs*": "noun - swift/swallow", "*ʿāgûr*": "noun - crane", "*šāmᵊrû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they observe/keep", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿēt*": "construct state - time of", "*bōʾānāh*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - their coming", "*ʿammî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yādᵊʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they know", "*mišpaṭ*": "construct state - judgment/ordinance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*ḥăsîdāh*": "stork/kind bird", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*yādᵊʿāh*": "knows/recognizes/is aware of", "*môʿădêhā*": "her appointed times/seasons/festivals", "*tōr*": "turtledove/dove", "*wᵊsîs*": "swift/swallow", "*ʿāgûr*": "crane/thrush", "*šāmᵊrû*": "observe/keep/maintain", "*bōʾānāh*": "their coming/arrival", "*yādᵊʿû*": "know/recognize/understand", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/ordinance/law" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.8", "source": "אֵיכָ֤ה תֹֽאמְרוּ֙ חֲכָמִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְתוֹרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ אָכֵן֙ הִנֵּ֣ה לַשֶּׁ֣קֶר עָשָׂ֔ה עֵ֖ט שֶׁ֥קֶר סֹפְרִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾêkāh* you *tōʾmᵊrû* *ḥăkāmîm* *ʾănaḥnû*, and-*tôrat* *YHWH* *ʾittānû*? *ʾākēn* behold, for-the-*šeqer* *ʿāśāh* *ʿēṭ* *šeqer* *sōpᵊrîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêkāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*tōʾmᵊrû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will say", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective masculine plural - wise", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*tôrat*": "construct state - law/instruction of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾittānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*ʾākēn*": "adverb - surely/truly", "*šeqer*": "noun with definite article - the falsehood/lie", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it has made", "*ʿēṭ*": "noun - pen/stylus", "*šeqer*": "construct state - falsehood of", "*sōpᵊrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - scribes/writers" }, "variants": { "*ʾêkāh*": "how/in what way", "*tōʾmᵊrû*": "say/speak/tell", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/sages/experts", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*ʾittānû*": "with us/among us/in our possession", "*ʾākēn*": "surely/truly/indeed", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*ʿāśāh*": "made/fabricated/crafted", "*ʿēṭ*": "pen/stylus/writing instrument", "*sōpᵊrîm*": "scribes/writers/secretaries" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.9", "source": "הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ חֲכָמִ֔ים חַ֖תּוּ וַיִּלָּכֵ֑דוּ הִנֵּ֤ה בִדְבַר־יְהוָה֙ מָאָ֔סוּ וְחָכְמַֽת־מֶ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "The *ḥăkāmîm* *hōbîšû*, they *ḥattû* and-*wayyillākēdû*. Behold, in-*dᵊbar*-*YHWH* they *māʾāsû*, and-*ḥākmat*-*meh* to-them?", "grammar": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective masculine plural - wise ones", "*hōbîšû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they are put to shame", "*ḥattû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they are dismayed/terrified", "*wayyillākēdû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they are caught/trapped", "*dᵊbar*": "construct state - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*māʾāsû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have rejected", "*ḥākmat*": "construct state - wisdom of", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what" }, "variants": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/sages", "*hōbîšû*": "are put to shame/are disgraced/are humiliated", "*ḥattû*": "are dismayed/terrified/broken", "*wayyillākēdû*": "are caught/trapped/ensnared", "*dᵊbar*": "word/statement/command", "*māʾāsû*": "rejected/refused/despised", "*ḥākmat*": "wisdom/skill/understanding" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.10", "source": "לָכֵן֩ אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶת־נְשֵׁיהֶ֜ם לַאֲחֵרִ֗ים שְׂדֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְי֣וֹרְשִׁ֔ים כִּ֤י מִקָּטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל כֻּלֹּ֖ה בֹּצֵ֣עַ בָּ֑צַע מִנָּבִיא֙ וְעַד־כֹּהֵ֔ן כֻּלֹּ֖ה עֹ֥שֶׂה שָּֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "Therefore I shall *ʾettēn* *ʾet*-*nᵊšêhem* to-*ʾăḥērîm*, *śᵊdôtêhem* to-*yôrᵊšîm*; for from-*qāṭōn* and-unto-*gādôl* *kullōh* *bōṣēaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*; from-*nābîʾ* and-unto-*kōhēn* *kullōh* *ʿōśēh* *šāqer*.", "grammar": { "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give", "*nᵊšêhem*": "plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their wives", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective masculine plural - others", "*śᵊdôtêhem*": "plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fields", "*yôrᵊšîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - inheritors/possessors", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective - small/young", "*gādôl*": "adjective - great/large", "*kullōh*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*bōṣēaʿ*": "qal participle masculine singular - gaining/acquiring", "*bāṣaʿ*": "noun - unjust gain/profit", "*nābîʾ*": "noun - prophet", "*kōhēn*": "noun - priest", "*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle masculine singular - doing/practicing", "*šāqer*": "noun - falsehood/lie" }, "variants": { "*ʾettēn*": "give/bestow/deliver", "*nᵊšêhem*": "their wives/women", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "others/strangers", "*śᵊdôtêhem*": "their fields/lands/territories", "*yôrᵊšîm*": "inheritors/possessors/heirs", "*bōṣēaʿ*": "gaining/acquiring/pursuing", "*bāṣaʿ*": "unjust gain/profit/dishonest gain", "*ʿōśēh*": "doing/practicing/performing", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception" } }
• Prov 27:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.18", "source": "נֹצֵ֣ר תְּ֭אֵנָה יֹאכַ֣ל פִּרְיָ֑הּ וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣יו יְכֻבָּֽד׃", "text": "*nōṣēr tĕʾēnāh yōʾkal piryāh wĕšōmēr ʾădōnāyw yĕkubbād*", "grammar": { "*nōṣēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - one who keeps/tends", "*tĕʾēnāh*": "feminine singular - fig tree", "*yōʾkal*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will eat", "*piryāh*": "masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its fruit", "*wĕšōmēr*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular - and one who keeps/guards", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his master", "*yĕkubbād*": "pual imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will be honored" }, "variants": { "*nāṣar*": "guard/keep/protect/tend", "*tĕʾēnāh*": "fig tree", "*ʾākal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*pĕrî*": "fruit/produce/result", "*šāmar*": "keep/guard/protect/watch", "*ʾādôn*": "lord/master/owner", "*kubbad*": "be honored/be respected/be glorified" } }
• Prov 27:23-27 : 23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.23", "source": "יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּ֭דַע פְּנֵ֣י צֹאנֶ֑ךָ שִׁ֥ית לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַעֲדָרִֽים׃", "text": "*yādōaʿ tēdaʿ pĕnê ṣōʾnekā šît libbĕkā laʿădārîm*", "grammar": { "*yādōaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - knowing", "*tēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - know", "*pĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - face/condition of", "*ṣōʾnekā*": "feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your flock", "*šît*": "qal imperative masculine singular - set/place", "*libbĕkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*laʿădārîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural - to the herds" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*pānîm*": "face/appearance/condition", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep", "*šît*": "set/place/put", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/attention", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd" } } 24 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.24", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹ֣א לְעוֹלָ֣ם חֹ֑סֶן וְאִם־נֵ֝֗זֶר לְד֣וֹר *דור **וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "*kî lōʾ lĕʿôlām ḥōsen wĕʾim*-*nēzer lĕdôr wādôr*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular - forever", "*ḥōsen*": "masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*wĕʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*nēzer*": "masculine singular - crown", "*lĕdôr*": "preposition + masculine singular - to generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and generation" }, "variants": { "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ḥōsen*": "wealth/riches/abundance/treasure", "*nēzer*": "crown/diadem/separation", "*dôr*": "generation/age/period" } } 25 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.25", "source": "גָּלָ֣ה חָ֭צִיר וְנִרְאָה־דֶ֑שֶׁא וְ֝נֶאֶסְפ֗וּ עִשְּׂב֥וֹת הָרִֽים׃", "text": "*gālāh ḥāṣîr wĕnirʾāh*-*dešeʾ wĕneʾespû ʿiśśĕbôt hārîm*", "grammar": { "*gālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - reveals/appears", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular - grass/hay", "*wĕnirʾāh*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and appears", "*dešeʾ*": "masculine singular - tender grass", "*wĕneʾespû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - and are gathered", "*ʿiśśĕbôt*": "feminine plural construct - herbs of", "*hārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the mountains" }, "variants": { "*gālāh*": "reveal/appear/remove", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/hay/herb", "*nirʾāh*": "appear/become visible/be seen", "*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/vegetation/green plant", "*neʾesap*": "be gathered/be collected/be harvested", "*ʿēśeb*": "herb/plant/vegetation", "*har*": "mountain/hill" } } 26 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.26", "source": "כְּבָשִׂ֥ים לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ וּמְחִ֥יר שָׂ֝דֶ֗ה עַתּוּדִֽים׃", "text": "*kĕbāśîm lilbûšekā ûmĕḥîr śādeh ʿattûdîm*", "grammar": { "*kĕbāśîm*": "masculine plural - lambs", "*lilbûšekā*": "preposition + masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your clothing", "*ûmĕḥîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and price of", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular - field", "*ʿattûdîm*": "masculine plural - he-goats" }, "variants": { "*kebeś*": "lamb/sheep", "*lĕbûš*": "clothing/garment/attire", "*mĕḥîr*": "price/worth/value", "*śādeh*": "field/land/countryside", "*ʿattûd*": "he-goat/male goat/leader" } } 27 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.27", "source": "וְדֵ֤י ׀ חֲלֵ֬ב עִזִּ֗ים לְֽ֭לַחְמְךָ לְלֶ֣חֶם בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wĕdê ḥălēb ʿizzîm lĕlaḥmĕkā lĕleḥem bêtekā wĕḥayyîm lĕnaʿărôtêkā*", "grammar": { "*wĕdê*": "conjunction + construct - and enough of", "*ḥălēb*": "masculine singular construct - milk of", "*ʿizzîm*": "feminine plural - goats", "*lĕlaḥmĕkā*": "preposition + masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your food", "*lĕleḥem*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - for food of", "*bêtekā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your household", "*wĕḥayyîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural - and maintenance/life", "*lĕnaʿărôtêkā*": "preposition + feminine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your maidens/servant girls" }, "variants": { "*day*": "enough/sufficient/abundance", "*ḥālāb*": "milk", "*ʿēz*": "goat/female goat", "*leḥem*": "food/bread/nourishment", "*bayit*": "house/household/family", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/maintenance/livelihood/sustenance", "*naʿărāh*": "girl/maiden/female servant" } }
• Prov 12:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.12.14", "source": "מִפְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע־ט֑וֹב וּגְמ֥וּל יְדֵי־אָ֝דָ֗ם *ישוב **יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mippərî* *p̄î*-*ʾîš* *yiśbaʿ*-*ṭôḇ* *ûḡəmûl* *yəḏê*-*ʾāḏām* *yāšîḇ* *lô*", "grammar": { "*mippərî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from fruit of", "*p̄î*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yiśbaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be satisfied with", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ûḡəmûl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and recompense of", "*yəḏê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - hands of", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*yāšîḇ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return/repay", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*pərî*": "fruit/result/product", "*peh*": "mouth/speech", "*yiśbaʿ*": "will be satisfied with/will have plenty of", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/goodness/good things", "*gəmûl*": "recompense/reward/deed", "*yāḏayim*": "hands/work", "*yāšîḇ*": "will return/repay/reward" } }
• Ps 112:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.112.5", "source": "טֽוֹב־אִ֭ישׁ חוֹנֵ֣ן וּמַלְוֶ֑ה יְכַלְכֵּ֖ל דְּבָרָ֣יו בְּמִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "Good-*ʾîš* *ḥônēn* *û*-*malweh* *yekalkel* *dĕbārāyw* with-*mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ḥônēn*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - showing favor/being gracious", "*ûmalweh*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - and lending", "*yekalkel*": "verb, pilpel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he manages/sustains", "*dĕbārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his words/affairs", "*bĕmišpāṭ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with justice/judgment" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*ḥônēn*": "shows favor/is gracious/is kind", "*malweh*": "lends/borrows", "*yekalkel*": "manages/sustains/maintains/conducts", "*dĕbārāyw*": "his words/his affairs/his matters", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/ordinance" } }
• Prov 6:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.6", "source": "לֵֽךְ־אֶל־נְמָלָ֥ה עָצֵ֑ל רְאֵ֖ה דְרָכֶ֣יהָ וַחֲכָֽם׃", "text": "*lēḵ*-to-*nəmālāh* *ʿāṣēl* *rəʾēh* *dərāḵeyhā* and-*ḥăḵām*", "grammar": { "*lēḵ*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go", "*nəmālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - ant", "*ʿāṣēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - sluggard/lazy person", "*rəʾēh*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - see/observe", "*dərāḵeyhā*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her ways", "*ḥăḵām*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - be wise" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṣēl*": "sluggard/lazy person/slothful one" } } 7 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.7", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ קָצִ֗ין שֹׁטֵ֥ר וּמֹשֵֽׁל׃", "text": "which *ʾēyn*-to-her *qāṣîn* *šōṭēr* and-*mōšēl*", "grammar": { "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - chief/commander/ruler", "*šōṭēr*": "noun, masculine singular - officer/official", "*mōšēl*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/governor" }, "variants": { "*qāṣîn*": "chief/leader/commander", "*šōṭēr*": "officer/overseer/official", "*mōšēl*": "ruler/governor/one who exercises authority" } } 8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.8", "source": "תָּכִ֣ין בַּקַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָ֑הּ אָגְרָ֥ה בַ֝קָּצִ֗יר מַאֲכָלָֽהּ׃", "text": "*tāḵîn* in-the-*qayiṣ* *laḥmāh* *ʾāḡərāh* in-the-*qāṣîr* *maʾăḵālāh*", "grammar": { "*tāḵîn*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - she prepares", "*qayiṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - summer/summer fruit", "*laḥmāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bread/food", "*ʾāḡərāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she gathers/stores up", "*qāṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular - harvest", "*maʾăḵālāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her food" }, "variants": { "*qayiṣ*": "summer/summer fruit/season of fruits", "*laḥmāh*": "her bread/her food/her provisions", "*qāṣîr*": "harvest/harvest time" } } 9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.9", "source": "עַד־מָתַ֖י עָצֵ֥ל ׀ תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב מָ֝תַ֗י תָּק֥וּם מִשְּׁנָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Until-when *ʿāṣēl* *tiškāv* when *tāqûm* from-*šənāteḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿāṣēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - sluggard/lazy person", "*tiškāv*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will lie down", "*tāqûm*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will arise", "*šənāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sleep" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṣēl*": "sluggard/lazy person/slothful one", "*tiškāv*": "you will lie down/you continue to lie" } } 10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.10", "source": "מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב׃", "text": "A-little *šēnôt* a-little *tənûmôt* a-little *ḥibbūq* *yādayim* to-*liškāv*", "grammar": { "*šēnôt*": "noun, feminine plural - sleeps", "*tənûmôt*": "noun, feminine plural - slumbers", "*ḥibbūq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - folding of", "*yādayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands", "*liškāv*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to lie down" }, "variants": { "*šēnôt*": "sleeps/periods of sleep", "*tənûmôt*": "slumbers/periods of drowsiness", "*ḥibbūq*": "folding/clasping/embracing" } } 11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.11", "source": "וּבָֽא־כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן׃ פ", "text": "And-*vāʾ*-like-*məhallēḵ* *rēʾšeḵā* and-*maḥsōrḵā* like-*ʾîš* *māḡēn*", "grammar": { "*vāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will come", "*məhallēḵ*": "noun, piel participle masculine singular - one who walks/traveler", "*rēʾšeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your poverty", "*maḥsōrḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your want/need", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*māḡēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield/armed man" }, "variants": { "*məhallēḵ*": "traveler/wanderer/prowler", "*rēʾšeḵā*": "your poverty/your destitution", "*māḡēn*": "shield/armed man/man with a shield" } }
• Prov 11:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.11.5", "source": "צִדְקַ֣ת תָּ֭מִים תְּיַשֵּׁ֣ר דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְרִשְׁעָת֗וֹ יִפֹּ֥ל רָשָֽׁע׃", "text": "*Ṣidqat* *tāmîm* *təyaššēr* *darkô* *ûbərišʿātô* *yippōl* *rāšāʿ*.", "grammar": { "*Ṣidqat*": "construct feminine singular noun - righteousness of", "*tāmîm*": "masculine singular adjective - blameless/perfect one", "*təyaššēr*": "verb Piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular - makes straight", "*darkô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his way", "*ûbərišʿātô*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and by his wickedness", "*yippōl*": "verb Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - falls/will fall", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked one" }, "variants": { "*Ṣidqat*": "righteousness/justice", "*tāmîm*": "blameless/perfect/complete/whole", "*təyaššēr*": "makes straight/makes smooth/directs", "*darkô*": "his way/path/journey", "*rišʿātô*": "his wickedness/evil/guilt", "*yippōl*": "falls/will fall/be overthrown", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked one/criminal/guilty one" } } 6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.11.6", "source": "צִדְקַ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תַּצִּילֵ֑ם וּ֝בְהַוַּ֗ת בֹּגְדִ֥ים יִלָּכֵֽדוּ׃", "text": "*Ṣidqat* *yəšārîm* *taṣṣîlēm* *ûbəhawwat* *bōgədîm* *yillākēdû*.", "grammar": { "*Ṣidqat*": "construct feminine singular noun - righteousness of", "*yəšārîm*": "masculine plural adjective - upright ones", "*taṣṣîlēm*": "verb Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - delivers them", "*ûbəhawwat*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular construct noun - and in desire/craving of", "*bōgədîm*": "masculine plural participle - treacherous ones", "*yillākēdû*": "verb Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they are caught/trapped" }, "variants": { "*Ṣidqat*": "righteousness/justice", "*yəšārîm*": "upright/straight/just ones", "*taṣṣîlēm*": "delivers/rescues/saves them", "*hawwat*": "desire/craving/destruction/calamity", "*bōgədîm*": "treacherous ones/betrayers/unfaithful ones", "*yillākēdû*": "they are caught/trapped/ensnared" } }