Proverbs 22:7

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.22.7", "source": "עָ֭שִׁיר בְּרָשִׁ֣ים יִמְשׁ֑וֹל וְעֶ֥בֶד לֹ֝וֶ֗ה לְאִ֣ישׁ מַלְוֽ͏ֶה׃", "text": "*'āšîr* in *rāšîm* *yimšôl* and *'ebed* *lōweh* to *'îš* *malweh*.", "grammar": { "*'āšîr*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - rich man", "in": "preposition, *bĕ* - in/among/over", "*rāšîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - poor ones", "*yimšôl*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he rules/will rule", "*'ebed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant/slave of", "*lōweh*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - borrower/one who borrows", "to": "preposition, *lĕ* - to/for", "*'îš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*malweh*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - lender/one who lends" }, "variants": { "*'āšîr*": "rich (person)/wealthy one", "*rāšîm*": "poor (people)/impoverished ones", "*yimšôl*": "rules/governs/dominates", "*'ebed*": "servant/slave/subordinate", "*lōweh*": "borrower/debtor", "*'îš*": "man/person/individual", "*malweh*": "lender/creditor" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

עָ֭שִׁיר בְּרָשִׁ֣ים יִמְשׁ֑וֹל וְעֶ֥בֶד לֹ֝וֶ֗ה לְאִ֣ישׁ מַלְוֽ͏ֶה׃

Transliteration

'āšîr in rāšîm yimšôl and 'ebed lōweh to 'îš malweh.

Grammar Details

• *'āšîr*: adjective used as noun, masculine singular - rich man
• in: preposition, *bĕ* - in/among/over
• *rāšîm*: adjective used as noun, masculine plural - poor ones
• *yimšôl*: verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he rules/will rule
• *'ebed*: noun, masculine singular construct - servant/slave of
• *lōweh*: verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - borrower/one who borrows
• to: preposition, *lĕ* - to/for
• *'îš*: noun, masculine singular construct - man of
• *malweh*: verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - lender/one who lends

Word Meanings

• *'āšîr*: rich (person)/wealthy one
• *rāšîm*: poor (people)/impoverished ones
• *yimšôl*: rules/governs/dominates
• *'ebed*: servant/slave/subordinate
• *lōweh*: borrower/debtor
• *'îš*: man/person/individual
• *malweh*: lender/creditor

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The rich rules over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  The rich{H6223} ruleth{H4910} over the poor;{H7326} And the borrower{H3867} is servant{H5650} to the lender.{H376}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  The rich{H6223} ruleth{H4910}{(H8799)} over the poor{H7326}{(H8802)}, and the borrower{H3867}{(H8801)} is servant{H5650} to the lender{H376}{H3867}{(H8688)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The rich ruleth the poore, and ye borower is seruaunt to ye lender.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The rich ruleth the poore, and the borower is seruant to the man that lendeth.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The ryche ruleth the poore, and the borower is seruaunt to the lender.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower [is] servant to the lender.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The rich rule over the poor. The borrower is servant to the lender.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  The rich over the poor ruleth, And a servant `is' the borrower to the lender.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The rich ruleth over the poor; And the borrower is servant to the lender.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The rich ruleth over the poor; And the borrower is servant to the lender.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The man of wealth has rule over the poor, and he who gets into debt is a servant to his creditor.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The rich rule over the poor. The borrower is servant to the lender.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

Referenced Verses

• Prov 18:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.18.23", "source": "תַּחֲנוּנִ֥ים יְדַבֶּר־רָ֑שׁ וְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר יַעֲנֶ֥ה עַזּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*taḥănûnîm* *yəḏabber*-*rāš* and-*ʿāšîr* *yaʿăneh* *ʿazzôṯ*", "grammar": { "*taḥănûnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - supplications/pleas/entreaties", "*yəḏabber*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - speaks", "*rāš*": "noun, masculine singular - poor person/pauper", "*ʿāšîr*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - rich person/wealthy", "*yaʿăneh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - answers/responds", "*ʿazzôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural - harsh things/fierce things" }, "variants": { "*taḥănûnîm*": "supplications/pleas/entreaties/appeals", "*yəḏabber*": "speaks/says/utters", "*rāš*": "poor person/pauper/needy one", "*ʿāšîr*": "rich person/wealthy person", "*yaʿăneh*": "answers/responds/replies", "*ʿazzôṯ*": "harsh things/fierce things/rudely/roughly" } }
• Jas 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "James.2.6", "source": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν. Οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια;", "text": "You *de ētimasate* the *ptōchon*. Not the *plousioi katadynasteuousin* you, and they *helkousin* you into *kritēria*?", "grammar": { "Ὑμεῖς": "nominative, second person, plural - you", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ētimasate*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you dishonored", "τὸν *ptōchon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the poor man", "Οὐχ": "negative particle (interrogative) - not", "οἱ *plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - the rich", "*katadynasteuousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they oppress", "ὑμῶν": "genitive, second person, plural - of you", "αὐτοὶ": "nominative, masculine, plural, intensive pronoun - they themselves", "*helkousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they drag", "ὑμᾶς": "accusative, second person, plural - you", "εἰς": "preposition + accusative - into", "*kritēria*": "accusative, neuter, plural - courts/tribunals" }, "variants": { "*ētimasate*": "dishonored/despised/treated with contempt", "*ptōchon*": "poor person/beggar/destitute individual", "*plousioi*": "rich people/wealthy ones", "*katadynasteuousin*": "oppress/dominate/exercise power over", "*helkousin*": "drag/pull/haul/draw", "*kritēria*": "courts/tribunals/judgment seats" } }
• Jas 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "James.5.1", "source": "¶Ἄγε νῦν, οἱ πλούσιοι, κλαύσατε ὀλολύζοντες ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις.", "text": "*Age nyn*, the *plousioi*, *klausate ololyzontes epi* the *talaipōriais* of you the *eperchomenais*.", "grammar": { "*Age*": "imperative, 2nd singular - come now/go to", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - rich (ones)", "*klausate*": "aorist imperative, 2nd plural - weep/mourn", "*ololyzontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - wailing/howling", "*epi*": "preposition + dative - upon/over/because of", "*talaipōriais*": "dative, feminine, plural - miseries/hardships", "*eperchomenais*": "present participle, dative, feminine, plural - coming upon/approaching" }, "variants": { "*Age*": "come/come now/go to (interjection)", "*ololyzontes*": "howling/wailing/lamenting loudly", "*talaipōriais*": "miseries/distresses/hardships/calamities", "*eperchomenais*": "coming upon/approaching/impending" } }
• Jas 5:4 : 4 { "verseID": "James.5.4", "source": "Ἰδοὺ, ὁ μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν τῶν ἀμησάντων τὰς χώρας ὑμῶν, ὁ ἀπεστερημένος ἀφʼ ὑμῶν, κράζει: καὶ αἱ βοαὶ τῶν θερισάντων εἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ εἰσεληλύθασιν.", "text": "*Idou*, the *misthos* of the *ergatōn tōn amēsantōn* the *chōras* of you, the *apesterēmenos aph'* you, *krazei*: and the *boai tōn therisantōn eis* the *ōta Kyriou Sabaōth eiselēlythasin*.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*misthos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wages/payment", "*ergatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*chōras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - fields/lands", "*apesterēmenos*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been withheld/defrauded", "*aph'*": "preposition + genitive - from/by", "*krazei*": "present active, 3rd singular - cries out/shouts", "*boai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - cries/shouts", "*therisantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to", "*ōta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - ears", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Sabaōth*": "genitive - of hosts/armies (untranslated Hebrew term)", "*eiselēlythasin*": "perfect active, 3rd plural - have entered/come into" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*misthos*": "wages/payment/reward", "*ergatōn*": "workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "having harvested/reaped/mowed", "*chōras*": "fields/lands/regions", "*apesterēmenos*": "having been withheld/defrauded/kept back by fraud", "*krazei*": "cries out/shouts/calls loudly", "*boai*": "cries/shouts/outcries", "*therisantōn*": "having harvested/reaped (can refer specifically to grain harvest)", "*Sabaōth*": "of hosts/armies (Hebrew military term)" } }
• 2 Kgs 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Kings.4.1", "source": "וְאִשָּׁ֣ה אַחַ֣ת מִנְּשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־הַ֠נְּבִיאִים צָעֲקָ֨ה אֶל־אֱלִישָׁ֜ע לֵאמֹ֗ר עַבְדְּךָ֤ אִישִׁי֙ מֵ֔ת וְאַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּ֣י עַבְדְּךָ֔ הָיָ֥ה יָרֵ֖א אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וְהַ֨נֹּשֶׁ֔ה בָּ֗א לָקַ֜חַת אֶת־שְׁנֵ֧י יְלָדַ֛י ל֖וֹ לַעֲבָדִֽים", "text": "And *ʾiššâ* *ʾaḥat* from *nəšê* *bənê*-*hannəbîʾîm* *ṣāʿăqâ* to-*ʾĕlîšāʿ* *lēʾmōr*, *ʿabdəkā* *ʾîšî* *mēt*, and you *yādaʿtâ* that *ʿabdəkā* *hāyâ* *yārēʾ* *ʾet*-*YHWH*; and *hannōšê* *bāʾ* to-*lāqaḥat* *ʾet*-two *yəlāday* to-him to-*ʿăbādîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - woman", "*ʾaḥat*": "adjective, feminine, singular - one", "*nəšê*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct state - wives of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct state - sons of", "*hannəbîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the prophets", "*ṣāʿăqâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - cried out", "*ʾĕlîšāʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Elisha", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾîšî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my husband", "*mēt*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - died/is dead", "*yādaʿtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you knew/know", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was/has been", "*yārēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - fearing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, the divine name", "*hannōšê*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the creditor", "*bāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came/has come", "*lāqaḥat*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to take", "*yəlāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my children", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves" }, "variants": { "*ʾiššâ* *ʾaḥat*": "one woman/a certain woman", "*nəšê* *bənê*-*hannəbîʾîm*": "wives of the sons of the prophets/wives from the prophetic community", "*ṣāʿăqâ*": "cried out/called out in distress", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*hannōšê*": "the creditor/the one who lends", "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves" } }
• Neh 5:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.4", "source": "וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים לָוִ֥ינוּ כֶ֖סֶף לְמִדַּ֣ת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׂדֹתֵ֖ינוּ וּכְרָמֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *yēš* *ʾăšer* *ʾōmĕrîm* *lāwînû* *kesep* for *lĕmiddat* the *hammelek* [on] *śĕdōtênû* and *ûḵĕrāmênû*.", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there are", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ʾōmĕrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*lāwînû*": "qal perfect, 1st plural - we have borrowed", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*lĕmiddat*": "preposition + construct state, feminine singular - for the tribute/tax of", "*hammelek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the king", "*śĕdōtênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our fields", "*ûḵĕrāmênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our vineyards" }, "variants": { "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*lĕmiddat*": "for the tribute/tax/impost of" } } 5 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.5", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה כִּבְשַׂ֤ר אַחֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּשָׂרֵ֔נוּ כִּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם בָּנֵ֑ינוּ וְהִנֵּ֣ה אֲנַ֣חְנוּ כֹ֠בְשִׁים אֶת־בָּנֵ֨ינוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֜ינוּ לַעֲבָדִ֗ים וְיֵ֨שׁ מִבְּנֹתֵ֤ינוּ נִכְבָּשׁוֹת֙ וְאֵ֣ין לְאֵ֣ל יָדֵ֔נוּ וּשְׂדֹתֵ֥ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ לַאֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "And *wĕʿattâ* like *kiḇśar* *ʾaḥênû* [is] *bĕśārēnû*, like *kiḇnêhem* [are] *bānênû*; and *wĕhinnēh* *ʾănaḥnû* *ḵōḇĕšîm* *ʾet*-*bānênû* and *wĕʾet*-*bĕnōtênû* to *laʿăḇādîm*, and *wĕyēš* from *mibbĕnōtênû* *niḵbāšôt* and *wĕʾên* to *lĕʾēl* *yādēnû*, and *ûśĕdōtênû* and *ûḵĕrāmênû* belong to *laʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*kiḇśar*": "preposition + construct noun, masculine singular - like the flesh of", "*ʾaḥênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our brothers", "*bĕśārēnû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our flesh", "*kiḇnêhem*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - like their children", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our children", "*wĕhinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*ḵōḇĕšîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - forcing/subjecting", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our sons", "*bĕnōtênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our daughters", "*laʿăḇādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - as slaves", "*wĕyēš*": "conjunction + existential particle - and there are", "*mibbĕnōtênû*": "preposition + noun with 1st plural suffix - from our daughters", "*niḵbāšôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - are being forced/subdued", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + existential particle (negative) - and there is not", "*lĕʾēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the power of", "*yādēnû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our hand", "*ûśĕdōtênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our fields", "*ûḵĕrāmênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our vineyards", "*laʾăḥērîm*": "preposition + adjective, masculine plural - to/for others" }, "variants": { "*ḵōḇĕšîm*": "forcing/subjecting/bringing into bondage", "*niḵbāšôt*": "being forced/brought into bondage/subjugated", "*lĕʾēl*": "to the power of/within the ability of" } }
• Prov 14:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.14.31", "source": "עֹ֣שֵֽׁק־דָּ֭ל חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ וּ֝מְכַבְּד֗וֹ חֹנֵ֥ן אֶבְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʿōšēq-dāl* *ḥērēp* *ʿōśēhû* and *məḵabbədô* *ḥōnēn* *ʾebyôn*", "grammar": { "*ʿōšēq-dāl*": "masculine singular Qal participle + masculine singular adjective - oppressor of poor", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd person masculine singular Piel perfect - he reproaches", "*ʿōśēhû*": "masculine singular Qal participle + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his Maker", "*məḵabbədô*": "masculine singular Piel participle + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - one honoring Him", "*ḥōnēn*": "masculine singular Qal participle - showing favor to", "*ʾebyôn*": "masculine singular adjective - needy" }, "variants": { "*ʿōšēq*": "oppresses/exploits/defrauds", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/thin", "*ḥērēp*": "reproaches/taunts/insults", "*ʿōśēhû*": "his Maker/his Creator/One who made him", "*məḵabbədô*": "honors Him/glorifies Him/respects Him", "*ḥōnēn*": "shows favor to/is gracious to/treats kindly", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute" } }
• Prov 22:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.16", "source": "עֹ֣שֵֽׁק דָּ֭ל לְהַרְבּ֣וֹת ל֑וֹ נֹתֵ֥ן לְ֝עָשִׁ֗יר אַךְ־לְמַחְסֽוֹר׃", "text": "*'ōšēq* *dāl* to *harbôT* to-him; *nōTēn* to *'āšîr* only to *maḥsôr*.", "grammar": { "*'ōšēq*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular construct - oppressor of/one who oppresses", "*dāl*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - poor person", "to": "preposition with infinitive construct, *lĕharbôT* - to increase", "to-him": "preposition with pronominal suffix, *lô* - to/for him", "*nōTēn*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - giver/one who gives", "to": "preposition, *lĕ* - to", "*'āšîr*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - rich person", "only": "adverb, *'aK* - only/surely", "to": "preposition, *lĕ* - to", "*maḥsôr*": "noun, masculine singular - lack/need/poverty" }, "variants": { "*'ōšēq*": "one who oppresses/exploits/extorts", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/needy person", "*harbôT*": "to increase/to make much/to multiply", "*nōTēn*": "one who gives/donates/provides", "*'āšîr*": "rich person/wealthy one", "*maḥsôr*": "lack/want/need/poverty" } }
• Prov 22:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.22", "source": "אַֽל־תִּגְזָל־דָּ֭ל כִּ֣י דַל־ה֑וּא וְאַל־תְּדַכֵּ֖א עָנִ֣י בַשָּֽׁעַר׃", "text": "Not *Tigzāl-dāl* because *dal-hû'*, and not *TĕdaKKē'* *'ānî* in-the-*šā'ar*.", "grammar": { "Not": "negative particle with jussive, *'al* - do not", "*Tigzāl-dāl*": "verb with adjective used as noun, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you rob the poor", "because": "conjunction, *kî* - because/for", "*dal-hû'*": "adjective with pronoun - poor he is", "and": "conjunction, *wĕ* - and", "not": "negative particle with jussive, *'al* - do not", "*TĕdaKKē'*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you crush/oppress", "*'ānî*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - afflicted/poor person", "in-the-*šā'ar*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular - in the gate" }, "variants": { "*Tigzāl*": "rob/plunder/seize", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/needy person", "*dal-hû'*": "he is poor/he is weak/he is needy", "*TĕdaKKē'*": "crush/oppress/mistreat", "*'ānî*": "afflicted/poor/humble/oppressed person", "*šā'ar*": "gate/entrance/court (place of judgment)" } }
• Isa 24:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.2", "source": "וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֙בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* like-the-*ʿām* like-the-*kōhēn*, like-the-*ʿebed* like-*ʾadōnāyw*, like-the-*šipḥāh* like-*gəbirtāh*, like-the-*qōneh* like-the-*mōkēr*, like-the-*malweh* like-the-*lōweh*, like-the-*nōšeh* like-*ʾašer* *nōśēʾ* in-him", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the people", "*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the priest", "*ʿebed*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the servant", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition כ - like his masters", "*šipḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the maidservant", "*gəbirtāh*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition כ - like her mistress", "*qōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the buyer", "*mōkēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the seller", "*malweh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the lender", "*lōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the borrower", "*nōšeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the creditor", "*ʾašer*": "relative pronoun with preposition כ - like one who", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bearing/carrying/owing", "בֽוֹ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him/to him" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall happen", "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "his masters/his lords", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave", "*gəbirtāh*": "her mistress/her lady", "*qōneh*": "buyer/purchaser", "*mōkēr*": "seller/vendor", "*malweh*": "lender/creditor", "*lōweh*": "borrower/debtor", "*nōšeh*": "creditor/one who lends", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearing/carrying/owing debt" } }
• Amos 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Amos.2.6", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־מִכְרָ֤ם בַּכֶּ֙סֶף֙ צַדִּ֔יק וְאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּעֲב֥וּר נַעֲלָֽיִם׃", "text": "*kōh ʾāmar YHWH* upon-*šəlōšāh pišʿê yiśrāʾēl wə*-upon-*ʾarbāʿāh lōʾ ʾăšîbennû* upon-*mikrām bakkesep ṣaddîq wə-ʾebyôn baʿăbûr naʿălāyim*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/speaks", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*šəlōšāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - three", "*pišʿê*": "construct masculine plural of *pešaʿ* - transgressions/rebellions of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾăšîbennû*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will not turn it back/revoke it", "*mikrām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their selling", "*bakkesep*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - for the silver/money", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - righteous person", "*wə-ʾebyôn*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and needy/poor", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition + masculine singular - for the sake of/because of", "*naʿălāyim*": "feminine dual - pair of sandals" }, "variants": { "*pišʿê*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾăšîbennû*": "I will not turn it back/revoke it/reverse it", "*mikrām*": "their selling/their trading", "*kesep*": "silver/money/payment", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/innocent person/just person", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute", "*baʿăbûr*": "for the sake of/because of/on account of", "*naʿălāyim*": "pair of sandals/shoes (implying something of little value)" } }
• Amos 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Amos.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* the *dābār* the *zeh*, *pārôt* the *Bāšān* which in *har* *Šōmrôn*, the *ʿōšqôt* *dallîm*, the *rōṣǝṣôt* *ʾebyônîm*, the *ʾōmǝrôt* to *ʾadōnêhem*: '*hābîʾāh* *wǝ-ništeh*'", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/matter/thing", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*pārôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cows/kine of", "*Bāšān*": "proper noun, geographical location - Bashan", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill of", "*Šōmrôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ʿōšqôt*": "participle, feminine plural - oppressing/exploiting", "*dallîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - poor/weak ones", "*rōṣǝṣôt*": "participle, feminine plural - crushing/trampling", "*ʾebyônîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - needy/destitute ones", "*ʾōmǝrôt*": "participle, feminine plural - saying", "*ʾadōnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their masters/lords", "*hābîʾāh*": "imperative, masculine singular with cohortative he - bring!", "*wǝ-ništeh*": "conjunction + cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us drink" }, "variants": { "*pārôt*": "cows/kine [metaphor for wealthy women]", "*Bāšān*": "region known for its fertile land and fat cattle", "*ʿōšqôt*": "oppressing/exploiting/defrauding", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/thin/lowly ones", "*rōṣǝṣôt*": "crushing/bruising/oppressing/trampling", "*ʾebyônîm*": "needy/poor/destitute ones" } }
• Amos 5:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Amos.5.11", "source": "לָ֠כֵן יַ֣עַן בּוֹשַׁסְכֶ֞ם עַל־דָּ֗ל וּמַשְׂאַת־בַּר֙ תִּקְח֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ בָּתֵּ֥י גָזִ֛ית בְּנִיתֶ֖ם וְלֹא־תֵ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֑ם כַּרְמֵי־חֶ֣מֶד נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁתּ֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָֽם׃", "text": "Therefore because *bôshasəkhem* upon-*dāl* and-*maśʾat-bar* *tiqḥû* from-him, *bāttê* *gāzît* *bənîtem* and-not-*tēshəbû* in-them; *karmê*-*ḥemed* *nəṭaʿtem* and-not-*tishtû* *ʾet*-wine-of-them", "grammar": { "*bôshasəkhem*": "infinitive construct, poel + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your trampling", "*dāl*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - poor/weak", "*maśʾat-bar*": "construct chain, feminine + masculine - tribute of grain", "*tiqḥû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you take", "*bāttê*": "construct plural of *bayit* - houses of", "*gāzît*": "noun, feminine singular - hewn stone", "*bənîtem*": "perfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you have built", "*tēshəbû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will dwell", "*karmê*": "construct plural of *kerem* - vineyards of", "*ḥemed*": "noun, masculine singular - delight/desire", "*nəṭaʿtem*": "perfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you have planted", "*tishtû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will drink" }, "variants": { "*bôshasəkhem*": "your trampling/your treading down", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/thin/needy person", "*maśʾat-bar*": "grain tax/tribute of wheat", "*gāzît*": "hewn stone/cut stone", "*ḥemed*": "delight/desire/pleasant" } } 12 { "verseID": "Amos.5.12", "source": "כִּ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ רַבִּ֣ים פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים חַטֹּֽאתֵיכֶ֑ם צֹרְרֵ֤י צַדִּיק֙ לֹ֣קְחֵי כֹ֔פֶר וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים בַּשַּׁ֥עַר הִטּֽוּ׃", "text": "For *yādaʿtî* many *pishʿêkhem* and-mighty *ḥaṭṭōʾtêkhem*; *ṣōrərê* *ṣaddîq* *lōqḥê* *khōpher* and-*ʾebyônîm* *ba-shaʿar* *hiṭṭû*", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, qal, 1st common singular - I know", "*pishʿêkhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sins", "*ṣōrərê*": "participle, qal, masculine plural construct - ones harassing/oppressing of", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - righteous person", "*lōqḥê*": "participle, qal, masculine plural construct - ones taking of", "*khōpher*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe/ransom", "*ʾebyônîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - needy ones", "*ba-shaʿar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the gate", "*hiṭṭû*": "perfect, hiphil, 3rd common plural - they turn aside/pervert" }, "variants": { "*pishʿêkhem*": "your transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêkhem*": "your sins/offenses", "*ṣōrərê*": "ones harassing/oppressing/treating as enemy", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person", "*khōpher*": "bribe/ransom/payment", "*ʾebyônîm*": "needy ones/poor people", "*hiṭṭû*": "turn aside/pervert/divert" } }
• Amos 8:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Amos.8.4", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֕את הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֖ים אֶבְי֑וֹן וְלַשְׁבִּ֖ית *ענוי־**עֲנִיֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*šimʿû* this the *šōʾăpîm* *ʾebyôn* and *wəlašbît* *ʿăniyyê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*haššōʾăpîm*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - the ones panting after/trampling", "*ʾebyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - needy/poor person", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lašbît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to cease/destroy", "*ʿăniyyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - poor/afflicted of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*šōʾăpîm*": "panting after/trampling/crushing/swallowing up", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute person", "*lašbît*": "to cause to cease/to make an end of/to destroy", "*ʿăniyyê*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/country" } }
• Amos 8:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Amos.8.6", "source": "לִקְנ֤וֹת בַּכֶּ֙סֶף֙ דַּלִּ֔ים וְאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּעֲב֣וּר נַעֲלָ֑יִם וּמַפַּ֥ל בַּ֖ר נַשְׁבִּֽיר׃", "text": "To *liqnôt* with the *kesep* *dallîm* and *ʾebyôn* for *baʿăbûr* *naʿălāyim* and *mappal* *bar* *našbîr*", "grammar": { "*liqnôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to buy/acquire", "*bakkesep*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the silver/money", "*dallîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - poor/weak ones", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾebyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - needy/poor person", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for the sake of/because of", "*naʿălāyim*": "noun, feminine dual - pair of sandals", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*mappal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - refuse/fallen part of", "*bar*": "noun, masculine singular - grain", "*našbîr*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st plural - we will sell" }, "variants": { "*liqnôt*": "to buy/to purchase/to acquire", "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/low/needy ones", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute person", "*baʿăbûr*": "for/because of/on account of", "*naʿălāyim*": "pair of sandals/shoes", "*mappal*": "refuse/fallings/chaff/sweepings", "*bar*": "grain/corn", "*našbîr*": "we will sell/we will market" } }
• Matt 18:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Matthew.18.25", "source": "Μὴ ἔχοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποδοῦναι, ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ πραθῆναι, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ τέκνα, καὶ πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν, καὶ ἀποδοθῆναι.", "text": "Not *echontos* but he *apodounai*, *ekeleusen* him the *kyrios* of him *prathēnai*, and the *gynaika* of him, and the *tekna*, and all as much as *eichen*, and *apodothēnai*.", "grammar": { "*echontos*": "participle, present, active, genitive, masculine, singular - having", "*apodounai*": "verb, aorist, active, infinitive - to repay", "*ekeleusen*": "verb, aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - commanded", "*kyrios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - lord/master", "*prathēnai*": "verb, aorist, passive, infinitive - to be sold", "*gynaika*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*tekna*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - children", "*eichen*": "verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - was having/possessing", "*apodothēnai*": "verb, aorist, passive, infinitive - to be repaid" }, "variants": { "*echontos*": "having/possessing/owning", "*apodounai*": "to repay/to pay back/to return", "*ekeleusen*": "commanded/ordered/directed", "*kyrios*": "lord/master/owner", "*prathēnai*": "to be sold/to be auctioned", "*gynaika*": "wife/woman", "*tekna*": "children/offspring", "*eichen*": "was having/possessing/owning", "*apodothēnai*": "to be repaid/to be paid back/to be returned" } }