Proverbs 28:1

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.28.1", "source": "נָ֣סוּ וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֣ף רָשָׁ֑ע וְ֝צַדִּיקִ֗ים כִּכְפִ֥יר יִבְטָֽח׃", "text": "*nāsû* *wə-'ên*-*rōdēp̄* *rāšāʿ* *wə-ṣaddîqîm* *kikp̄îr* *yiḇṭāḥ*", "grammar": { "*nāsû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - flee/fled", "*wə-'ên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no", "*rōdēp̄*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer/one pursuing", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular - wicked/evil person", "*wə-ṣaddîqîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and righteous ones", "*kikp̄îr*": "preposition *kə* + noun, masculine singular - like a young lion", "*yiḇṭāḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is confident/trusts" }, "variants": { "*nāsû*": "they flee/they have fled", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one/guilty one", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/those who are just", "*kikp̄îr*": "like a young lion/as a lion", "*yiḇṭāḥ*": "is confident/trusts/feels secure" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

נָ֣סוּ וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֣ף רָשָׁ֑ע וְ֝צַדִּיקִ֗ים כִּכְפִ֥יר יִבְטָֽח׃

Transliteration

nāsû wə-'ên-rōdēp̄ rāšāʿ wə-ṣaddîqîm kikp̄îr yiḇṭāḥ

Grammar Details

• *nāsû*: Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - flee/fled
• *wə-'ên*: conjunction + particle of negation - and there is no
• *rōdēp̄*: Qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer/one pursuing
• *rāšāʿ*: adjective/noun, masculine singular - wicked/evil person
• *wə-ṣaddîqîm*: conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and righteous ones
• *kikp̄îr*: preposition *kə* + noun, masculine singular - like a young lion
• *yiḇṭāḥ*: Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is confident/trusts

Word Meanings

• *nāsû*: they flee/they have fled
• *rāšāʿ*: wicked person/evil one/guilty one
• *ṣaddîqîm*: righteous ones/those who are just
• *kikp̄îr*: like a young lion/as a lion
• *yiḇṭāḥ*: is confident/trusts/feels secure

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The wicked flee when no one pursues them, but the righteous are as confident as a young lion.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The wicked flee when no one pursues, but the righteous are bold as a lion.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  The wicked flee when no man pursueth; But the righteous are bold as a lion.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The vngodly flyeth no man chasynge him, but the rightuous stondeth stiff as a lyon.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The wicked flee when none pursueth: but the righteous are bolde as a lyon.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The vngodly fleeth when no man pursueth him: but the righteous are bolde as a Lion.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The wicked flee when no one pursues; But the righteous are as bold as a lion.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  The wicked have fled and there is no pursuer. And the righteous as a young lion is confident.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The wicked flee when no man pursueth; But the righteous are bold as a lion.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The wicked flee when no man pursueth; But the righteous are bold as a lion.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The evil man goes running away when no man is after him, but the upright are without fear, like the lion.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The wicked flee when no one pursues; but the righteous are as bold as a lion.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Α wicked person fled, though no one was pursuing, but the righteous person can be as confident as a lion.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 28:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.7", "source": "יִתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ הַקָּמִ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ נִגָּפִ֖ים לְפָנֶ֑יךָ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ יֵצְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים יָנ֥וּסוּ לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*Yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ʾōyĕbêkā* the *qāmîm* against *ʿālêkā* *niggāpîm* before *lĕpānêkā* in *derek* *ʾeḥād* they will *yēṣĕʾû* unto *ʾēlêkā* and in *šibʿāh* *dĕrākîm* they will *yānûsû* before *lĕpānêkā*.", "grammar": { "*Yittēn*": "imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*YHWH*": "proper name - the LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾōyĕbêkā*": "masculine plural participle with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*qāmîm*": "masculine plural participle, active, Qal with definite article - those rising up", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*niggāpîm*": "masculine plural participle, passive, Niphal - struck/defeated", "*lĕpānêkā*": "preposition + plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - before you", "*derek*": "masculine singular construct - way/road of", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*yēṣĕʾû*": "imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they will go out", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - unto you", "*šibʿāh*": "numeral, feminine - seven", "*dĕrākîm*": "masculine plural noun - ways/roads", "*yānûsû*": "imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they will flee", "*lĕpānêkā*": "preposition + plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - before you" }, "variants": { "*niggāpîm*": "defeated/struck/smitten", "*derek ʾeḥād*": "one way/single path [unified attack]", "*šibʿāh dĕrākîm*": "seven ways [complete scattering/total defeat]" } }
• Ps 53:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.53.5", "source": "הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ פֹּ֤עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "Do-not *yādəʿû* *pōʿălê* *ʾāwen* *ʾōkəlê* *ʿammî* *ʾākəlû* *leḥem* *ʾĕlōhîm* not *qārāʾû*", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - do not?/have not?", "*yādəʿû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they knew/have known", "*pōʿălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - workers of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/evil", "*ʾōkəlê*": "participle, qal active, masculine plural construct - eaters of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*ʾākəlû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they ate/devoured", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*qārāʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they called/invoked" }, "variants": { "*pōʿălê*": "workers/doers/practitioners", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/evil/wickedness/trouble", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*qārāʾû*": "called/invoked/summoned" } }
• Lev 26:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.17", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י פָנַי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְנִגַּפְתֶּ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְרָד֤וּ בָכֶם֙ שֹֽׂנְאֵיכֶ֔ם וְנַסְתֶּ֖ם וְאֵין־רֹדֵ֥ף אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*nātattî* *pānay* against-you and-*niggaptem* before *ʾōyebêkem* and-*rādû* in-you *śōneʾêkem* and-*nastem* and-*ʾên*-*rōdēp* *ʾetkem*", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will set", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*niggaptem*": "verb, niphal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you will be struck down", "*ʾōyebêkem*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*rādû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with waw consecutive - and they will rule", "*śōneʾêkem*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - those who hate you", "*nastem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you will flee", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*rōdēp*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*pānay*": "my face/my presence/my attention", "*niggaptem*": "be struck down/be defeated/be smitten", "*rādû*": "rule over/dominate/have dominion over", "*śōneʾêkem*": "those who hate you/your haters/your enemies", "*nastem*": "flee/run away/escape" } }
• 1 Thess 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.2.2", "source": "Ἀλλὰ καὶ προπαθόντες, καὶ ὑβρισθέντες, καθὼς οἴδατε, ἐν Φιλίπποις, ἐπαρρησιασάμεθα ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν λαλῆσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι.", "text": "*Alla* *kai* having *propathontes*, *kai* having been *hybristhentes*, *kathōs* *oidate*, in *Philippois*, we *eparrēsiasametha* in the *Theō* of us to *lalēsai* *pros* you the *euangelion* of the *Theou* in much *agōni*.", "grammar": { "*Alla*": "adversative conjunction - but/yet", "*kai*": "conjunction - and/also/even", "*propathontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having previously suffered", "*hybristhentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been mistreated/insulted", "*kathōs*": "comparative adverb - just as/according as", "*oidate*": "perfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you know", "*Philippois*": "dative, masculine, plural - Philippi (place name)", "*eparrēsiasametha*": "aorist middle indicative, 1st person plural - we were bold/spoke boldly", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - God", "*lalēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to speak", "*euangelion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - gospel/good news", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*agōni*": "dative, masculine, singular - conflict/struggle" }, "variants": { "*propathontes*": "having previously suffered/having suffered before", "*hybristhentes*": "having been mistreated/insulted/outraged", "*eparrēsiasametha*": "we were bold/we spoke boldly/we had courage", "*agōni*": "conflict/struggle/opposition/contest" } }
• Ps 112:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.112.7", "source": "מִשְּׁמוּעָ֣ה רָ֭עָה לֹ֣א יִירָ֑א נָכ֥וֹן לִ֝בּ֗וֹ בָּטֻ֥חַ בַּיהוָֽה׃", "text": "From-*šĕmûʿāh* *rāʿāh* not *yîrāʾ* *nākôn* *libbô* *bāṭuaḥ* in-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*miššĕmûʿāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - from report/news", "*rāʿāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - evil/bad", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yîrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will fear", "*nākôn*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - established/fixed", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*bāṭuaḥ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - trusting", "*baYHWH*": "preposition + proper noun, divine name - in YHWH" }, "variants": { "*šĕmûʿāh*": "report/news/rumor", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/bad/distress", "*yîrāʾ*": "will fear/will be afraid", "*nākôn*": "established/fixed/firm/prepared", "*bāṭuaḥ*": "trusting/secure/confident" } }
• Acts 14:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Acts.14.3", "source": "Ἱκανὸν μὲν οὖν χρόνον διέτριψαν παρρησιαζόμενοι ἐπὶ τῷ Κυρίῳ, τῷ μαρτυροῦντι τῷ λόγῳ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ, καὶ διδόντι σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα γίνεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν.", "text": "*Hikanon* *men* *oun* *chronon* they *dietripsan* *parrēsiazomenoi* upon the *Kyriō*, the one *martyrounti* to the *logō* of the *charitos* of him, and *didonti* *sēmeia* and *terata* *ginesthai* through the *cheirōn* of them.", "grammar": { "*Hikanon*": "accusative masculine singular - considerable/sufficient", "*men oun*": "particle combination - therefore indeed/so then", "*chronon*": "accusative masculine singular - time/period", "*dietripsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they spent/remained", "*parrēsiazomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative masculine plural - speaking boldly/speaking freely", "*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord", "*martyrounti*": "present active participle, dative masculine singular - bearing witness/testifying", "*logō*": "dative masculine singular - word/message", "*charitos*": "genitive feminine singular - grace/favor", "*didonti*": "present active participle, dative masculine singular - giving/granting", "*sēmeia*": "accusative neuter plural - signs", "*terata*": "accusative neuter plural - wonders/marvels", "*ginesthai*": "present middle infinitive - to happen/be done", "*cheirōn*": "genitive feminine plural - hands" }, "variants": { "*Hikanon chronon*": "considerable time/long time/sufficient time", "*parrēsiazomenoi*": "speaking boldly/speaking openly/speaking with confidence", "*epi tō Kyriō*": "relying on the Lord/with confidence in the Lord", "*martyrounti*": "bearing witness/testifying/confirming", "*logos tēs charitos*": "word of grace/message of favor/message about his grace", "*sēmeia kai terata*": "signs and wonders/miracles and portents" } }
• Isa 26:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.26.3", "source": "יֵ֣צֶר סָמ֔וּךְ תִּצֹּ֖ר שָׁל֣וֹם ׀ שָׁל֑וֹם כִּ֥י בְךָ֖ בָּטֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*Yēṣer* *sāmûk* *tiṣṣōr* *šālôm* *šālôm* because in you *bāṭûaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*Yēṣer*": "masculine singular noun construct - 'mind/inclination/frame'", "*sāmûk*": "qal passive participle masculine singular - 'steadfast/supported/firm'", "*tiṣṣōr*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you will keep'", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun (repeated) - 'peace'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'because/for'", "*beḵā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'in you'", "*bāṭûaḥ*": "qal passive participle masculine singular - 'trusting/secure'" }, "variants": { "*Yēṣer*": "mind/inclination/frame/imagination/thought", "*sāmûk*": "steadfast/supported/firm/sustained", "*tiṣṣōr*": "keep/guard/preserve/maintain", "*šālôm*": "peace/wholeness/welfare/prosperity/safety", "*bāṭûaḥ*": "trusting/secure/confident" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.26.4", "source": "בִּטְח֥וּ בַֽיהוָ֖ה עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד כִּ֚י בְּיָ֣הּ יְהוָ֔ה צ֖וּר עוֹלָמִֽים׃", "text": "*Biṭḥû* in *YHWH* *ʿădê-ʿad* because in *YH* *YHWH* *ṣûr* *ʿôlāmîm*.", "grammar": { "*Biṭḥû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - 'trust!'", "*baYHWH*": "preposition with divine name - 'in YHWH'", "*ʿădê-ʿad*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - 'forever/eternity'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'because/for'", "*beYH*": "preposition with shortened divine name - 'in YH'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'YHWH'", "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular construct - 'rock of'", "*ʿôlāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'eternities/ages'" }, "variants": { "*ʿădê-ʿad*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ṣûr*": "rock/fortress/strength", "*ʿôlāmîm*": "eternities/ages/everlasting/ancient times" } }
• Jer 20:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.20.4", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֡ה הִנְנִי֩ נֹתֶנְךָ֨ לְמָג֜וֹר לְךָ֣ וּלְכָל־אֹהֲבֶ֗יךָ וְנָֽפְל֛וּ בְּחֶ֥רֶב אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם וְעֵינֶ֣יךָ רֹא֑וֹת וְאֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶתֵּן֙ בְּיַ֣ד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֔ל וְהִגְלָ֥ם בָּבֶ֖לָה וְהִכָּ֥ם בֶּחָֽרֶב׃", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinənî* *nōtenḵā* to *māgôr* to you and to all-*ʾōhăbêḵā*, and *wənāpəlû* by *ḥereb* *ʾōyəbêhem* and *ʿênêḵā* *rōʾôt*, and *ʾet*-all-*Yəhûdāh* *ʾettēn* in *yad* *meleḵ*-*Bābel* and *wəhiglām* *Bābelāh* and *wəhikkām* by *ḥāreb*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st common singular suffix - behold me", "*nōtenḵā*": "qal participle, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - giving you", "*māgôr*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition - for terror", "*ʾōhăbêḵā*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your lovers/friends", "*wənāpəlû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will fall", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - by sword", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*ʿênêḵā*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*rōʾôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - seeing", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will give", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct with preposition - into hand of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*wəhiglām*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he will exile them", "*Bābelāh*": "proper noun with directional suffix - to Babylon", "*wəhikkām*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he will strike them", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - by sword" }, "variants": { "*māgôr*": "terror/fear/dread", "*ʾōhăbêḵā*": "your lovers/friends/allies", "*wənāpəlû*": "they will fall/be defeated/die", "*wəhiglām*": "he will exile them/carry them away/deport them", "*wəhikkām*": "he will strike them/kill them/defeat them" } }
• Dan 3:16-18 : 16 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.16", "source": "עֲנ֗וֹ שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ וְאָמְרִ֖ין לְמַלְכָּ֑א נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר לָֽא־חַשְׁחִ֨ין אֲנַ֧חְנָה עַל־דְּנָ֛ה פִּתְגָ֖ם לַהֲתָבוּתָֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʿănô* *shadrak* *mêshak* *waʿăbêd* *nəgô* and *wəʾāmərîn* to the *malkāʾ*, \"*nəbûkadnetzar*, we are not *ḥashḥîn* *ʾănaḥnāh* concerning this *ʿal-dənāh* *pithgām* to *lahăthābûthāk*.\"", "grammar": { "*ʿănô*": "perfect 3rd plural - they answered", "*shadrak*": "proper noun - Shadrach", "*mêshak*": "proper noun - Meshach", "*waʿăbêd*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Abed", "*nəgô*": "proper noun - Nego", "*wəʾāmərîn*": "conjunction + participle masculine plural - and saying", "*malkāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the king", "*nəbûkadnetzar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*ḥashḥîn*": "participle masculine plural - needing/required", "*ʾănaḥnāh*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*ʿal-dənāh*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun - concerning this", "*pithgām*": "noun - matter/word", "*lahăthābûthāk*": "preposition + infinitive + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to answer you" }, "variants": { "*ʿănô*": "answered/responded", "*wəʾāmərîn*": "and saying/and speaking", "*ḥashḥîn*": "needing/required/compelled/concerned", "*ʿal-dənāh*": "concerning this/about this", "*pithgām*": "matter/word/thing", "*lahăthābûthāk*": "to answer you/to reply to you" } } 17 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.17", "source": "הֵ֣ן אִיתַ֗י אֱלָהַ֙נָא֙ דִּֽי־אֲנַ֣חְנָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין יָכִ֖ל לְשֵׁיזָבוּתַ֑נָא מִן־אַתּ֨וּן נוּרָ֧א יָקִֽדְתָּ֛א וּמִן־יְדָ֥ךְ מַלְכָּ֖א יְשֵׁיזִֽב׃", "text": "If *hên* there is *ʾîthay* our *ʾĕlāhanāʾ* whom we *ʾănaḥnāʾ* *pālḥîn*, he is able *yākil* to *ləshêzābûthanāʾ* from the *ʾattûn* of *nûrāʾ* *yāqîdətāʾ*, and from your hand *yədāk*, O *malkāʾ*, he will *yəshêzib*.", "grammar": { "*hên*": "conditional particle - if", "*ʾîthay*": "existential particle - there is", "*ʾĕlāhanāʾ*": "noun + 1st plural suffix - our god", "*ʾănaḥnāʾ*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*pālḥîn*": "participle masculine plural - serving/worshiping", "*yākil*": "participle masculine singular - able", "*ləshêzābûthanāʾ*": "preposition + infinitive + 1st plural suffix - to deliver us", "*ʾattûn*": "noun - furnace", "*nûrāʾ*": "noun - fire", "*yāqîdətāʾ*": "adjective feminine singular + definite article - burning", "*yədāk*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*malkāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the king", "*yəshêzib*": "imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will deliver" }, "variants": { "*hên*": "if/behold", "*ʾîthay*": "there is/exists", "*ʾĕlāhanāʾ*": "our god/our deity", "*pālḥîn*": "serve/worship/revere", "*yākil*": "able/capable", "*ləshêzābûthanāʾ*": "to deliver us/to rescue us/to save us", "*ʾattûn*": "furnace/oven", "*nûrāʾ*": "fire/flame", "*yāqîdətāʾ*": "burning/blazing", "*yədāk*": "your hand/your power", "*yəshêzib*": "he will deliver/he will rescue/he will save" } } 18 { "verseID": "Daniel.3.18", "source": "וְהֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖ךְ מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֤י לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙ לָא־אִיתַ֣נָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א נִסְגֻּֽד׃ ס", "text": "But if *wəhên* not *lāʾ*, let it be *yədîaʿ* *lehĕwêʾ-lāk*, O *malkāʾ*, that to your *lêʾlāhāk* we will not *ʾîthanāʾ* *pālḥîn*, and to the *tselem* of *dahăbāʾ* which you have *hăqêmtā* we will not *nisgud*.", "grammar": { "*wəhên*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but if", "*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədîaʿ*": "passive participle masculine singular - known", "*lehĕwêʾ-lāk*": "preposition + imperfect 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - let it be to you", "*malkāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the king", "*lêʾlāhāk*": "preposition + noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your god", "*ʾîthanāʾ*": "1st plural pronoun - we are", "*pālḥîn*": "participle masculine plural - serving/worshiping", "*tselem*": "noun - image/statue", "*dahăbāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the gold", "*hăqêmtā*": "perfect 2nd masculine singular - you set up", "*nisgud*": "imperfect 1st plural - we will worship" }, "variants": { "*wəhên*": "but if/and if", "*yədîaʿ*": "known/acknowledged", "*lehĕwêʾ-lāk*": "let it be to you/be it known to you", "*ʾîthanāʾ*": "we are/we will be", "*pālḥîn*": "serve/worship/revere", "*tselem*": "image/statue/likeness", "*hăqêmtā*": "set up/erected/established", "*nisgud*": "we will worship/we will bow down" } }
• Dan 6:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Daniel.6.10", "source": "כָּל־קֳבֵ֖ל דְּנָ֑ה מַלְכָּא֙ דָּֽרְיָ֔וֶשׁ רְשַׁ֥ם כְּתָבָ֖א וֶאֱסָרָֽא׃", "text": "*kāl-qŏbēl* *dənāh* *malkāʾ* *dāryāweš* *rəšam* *kətābāʾ* *weʾĕsārāʾ*", "grammar": { "*kāl-qŏbēl*": "construct + preposition - all on account of", "*dənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular determinate - the king", "*dāryāweš*": "noun, proper masculine singular - Darius", "*rəšam*": "verb, peal perfect 3rd masculine singular - signed/wrote", "*kətābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular determinate - the document", "*weʾĕsārāʾ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular determinate - and the interdict" }, "variants": { "*kāl-qŏbēl*": "on account of/because of/therefore", "*rəšam*": "signed/wrote/inscribed" } } 11 { "verseID": "Daniel.6.11", "source": "וְ֠דָנִיֵּאל כְּדִ֨י יְדַ֜ע דִּֽי־רְשִׁ֤ים כְּתָבָא֙ עַ֣ל לְבַיְתֵ֔הּ וְכַוִּ֨ין פְּתִיחָ֥ן לֵהּ֙ בְּעִלִּיתֵ֔הּ נֶ֖גֶד יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם וְזִמְנִין֩ תְּלָתָ֨ה בְיוֹמָ֜א ה֣וּא ׀ בָּרֵ֣ךְ עַל־בִּרְכ֗וֹהִי וּמְצַלֵּ֤א וּמוֹדֵא֙ קֳדָ֣ם אֱלָהֵ֔הּ כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־הֲוָ֣א עָבֵ֔ד מִן־קַדְמַ֖ת דְּנָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wədānīyēʾl* *kədî* *yəda'* *dî-rəšîm* *kətābāʾ* *'al* *ləbaytēh* *wəkawwîn* *pətîḥān* *lēh* *bə'illîtēh* *neged* *yərûšəlem* *wəzimnîn* *təlātāh* *bəyômāʾ* *hûʾ* *bārēk* *'al-birkôhî* *ûməṣallēʾ* *ûmôdēʾ* *qŏdām* *ʾĕlāhēh* *kāl-qŏbēl* *dî-hăwāʾ* *'ābēd* *min-qadmat* *dənāh*", "grammar": { "*wədānīyēʾl*": "conjunction + noun, proper masculine singular - and Daniel", "*kədî*": "conjunction + relative particle - when", "*yəda'*": "verb, peal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he knew", "*dî-rəšîm*": "relative particle + verb, peal passive participle masculine singular - that was signed", "*kətābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular determinate - the document", "*'al*": "verb, peal perfect 3rd masculine singular - entered", "*ləbaytēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his house", "*wəkawwîn*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and windows", "*pətîḥān*": "adjective, feminine plural - open", "*lēh*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for him", "*bə'illîtēh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his upper chamber", "*neged*": "preposition - opposite", "*yərûšəlem*": "noun, proper - Jerusalem", "*wəzimnîn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and times", "*təlātāh*": "cardinal number - three", "*bəyômāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular determinate - in the day", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*bārēk*": "verb, peal participle masculine singular - kneeling", "*'al-birkôhî*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon his knees", "*ûməṣallēʾ*": "conjunction + pael participle masculine singular - and praying", "*ûmôdēʾ*": "conjunction + aphel participle masculine singular - and giving thanks", "*qŏdām*": "preposition - before", "*ʾĕlāhēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God", "*kāl-qŏbēl*": "construct + preposition - all on account of", "*dî-hăwāʾ*": "relative particle + verb, peal perfect 3rd masculine singular - that he was", "*'ābēd*": "verb, peal participle masculine singular - doing", "*min-qadmat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - from before", "*dənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*'al*": "entered/went to", "*zimnîn*": "times/appointed times/occasions", "*bārēk*": "kneeling/bending/bowing down", "*ûməṣallēʾ*": "praying/petitioning/supplicating", "*ûmôdēʾ*": "giving thanks/praising/confessing", "*min-qadmat*": "from before/previously/formerly" } }
• Acts 4:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Acts.4.13", "source": "Θεωροῦντες δὲ τὴν τοῦ Πέτρου παρρησίαν καὶ Ἰωάννου, καὶ καταλαβόμενοι ὅτι ἄνθρωποι ἀγράμματοί εἰσιν καὶ ἰδιῶται, ἐθαύμαζον· ἐπεγίνωσκόν τε αὐτοὺς, ὅτι σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν.", "text": "*Theōrountes* *de* the [boldness] of the *Petrou* *parrēsian* and *Iōannou*, and *katalabomenoi* that *anthrōpoi* *agrammatoi* they are and *idiōtai*, *ethaumazon*; *epeginōskon* *te* them, that with the *Iēsou* they were.", "grammar": { "*Theōrountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - observing/seeing", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*Petrou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Peter", "*parrēsian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - boldness/confidence", "*Iōannou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - John", "*katalabomenoi*": "aorist middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having perceived/realized", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/people", "*agrammatoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - unlettered/unlearned/illiterate", "*idiōtai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - uneducated/ordinary/laymen", "*ethaumazon*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were marveling/wondering", "*epeginōskon*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were recognizing", "*te*": "conjunction - and/both", "*Iēsou*": "dative, masculine, singular - Jesus" }, "variants": { "*Theōrountes*": "observing/seeing/considering", "*parrēsian*": "boldness/confidence/courage/freedom of speech", "*katalabomenoi*": "having perceived/realized/grasped", "*agrammatoi*": "unlettered/uneducated/illiterate", "*idiōtai*": "untrained/ordinary/common/laymen", "*ethaumazon*": "were amazed/marveled/wondered", "*epeginōskon*": "were recognizing/identifying/taking note of" } }
• Lev 26:36 : 36 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.36", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֙רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וְרָדַ֣ף אֹתָ֗ם ק֚וֹל עָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֔ף וְנָס֧וּ מְנֻֽסַת־חֶ֛רֶב וְנָפְל֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין רֹדֵֽף׃", "text": "And *wə-ha-nišʾārîm* among you *bāḵem* and *wə-hēḇēʾṯî* *mōreḵ* in their hearts *bi-lḇāḇām* in lands of *bə-ʾarṣōṯ* their enemies *ʾōyəḇêhem* and *wə-rāḏap̄* them *ʾōṯām* *qôl* *ʿāleh* *niddāp̄* and *wə-nāsû* *mənusaṯ*-*ḥereḇ* and *wə-nāp̄əlû* and *wə-ʾên* *rōḏēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ha-nišʾārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - and the ones remaining", "*bāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*wə-hēḇēʾṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will bring", "*mōreḵ*": "masculine singular noun - faintness/softness", "*bi-lḇāḇām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - into their hearts", "*bə-ʾarṣōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in lands of", "*ʾōyəḇêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*wə-rāḏap̄*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and will pursue", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*ʿāleh*": "masculine singular noun - leaf", "*niddāp̄*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - being driven", "*wə-nāsû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will flee", "*mənusaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - flight of", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-nāp̄əlû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will fall", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*rōḏēp̄*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one pursuing" }, "variants": { "*nišʾārîm*": "remaining/left/surviving", "*hēḇēʾṯî*": "bring/carry/lead", "*mōreḵ*": "faintness/cowardice/softness", "*lḇāḇām*": "their heart/mind/inner being", "*ʾarṣōṯ*": "lands/territories/countries", "*ʾōyəḇêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*rāḏap̄*": "pursue/chase/follow after", "*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice", "*ʿāleh*": "leaf/foliage", "*niddāp̄*": "being driven/scattered/blown away", "*nāsû*": "flee/escape/run away", "*mənusaṯ*": "flight/escape", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/cutting instrument", "*nāp̄əlû*": "fall/drop/be cast down", "*ʾên*": "there is not/nothing/no", "*rōḏēp̄*": "pursuer/chaser" } }
• 2 Kgs 7:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "2 Kings.7.6", "source": "וַאדֹנָ֞י הִשְׁמִ֣יעַ ׀ אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֣ה אֲרָ֗ם ק֥וֹל רֶ֙כֶב֙ ק֣וֹל ס֔וּס ק֖וֹל חַ֣יִל גָּד֑וֹל וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֗יו הִנֵּ֣ה שָֽׂכַר־עָלֵינוּ֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־מַלְכֵ֧י הַחִתִּ֛ים וְאֶת־מַלְכֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לָב֥וֹא עָלֵֽינוּ", "text": "And *ʾădōnāy* *hišmîaʿ* *ʾet*-*maḥănê* *ʾărām* *qôl* *reḵeb*, *qôl* *sûs*, *qôl* *ḥayil* *gādôl*; and *wayyōʾmĕrû* *ʾîš* to *ʾāḥîw*, Behold, *śāḵar*-against-us *meleḵ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-*malḵê* the-*Ḥittîm* and-*ʾet*-*malḵê* *Miṣrayim* *lābôʾ* against-us.", "grammar": { "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine name/Lord with 1st plural suffix - my Lord/the Lord", "*hišmîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - caused to hear/made hear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maḥănê*": "masculine singular construct - camp of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*reḵeb*": "masculine singular noun - chariot(s)", "*sûs*": "masculine singular noun - horse", "*ḥayil*": "masculine singular noun - army/force", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/large", "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each man", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*śāḵar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has hired", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Ḥittîm*": "proper noun with definite article - the Hittites", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lābôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition - to come" }, "variants": { "*ʾădōnāy*": "the Lord/my Lord (referring to God)", "*ḥayil*": "army/military force/strength", "*śāḵar*": "hired/paid/contracted" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Kings.7.7", "source": "וַיָּקוּמוּ֮ וַיָּנ֣וּסוּ בַנֶּשֶׁף֒ וַיַּעַזְב֣וּ אֶת־אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֶת־סֽוּסֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־חֲמֹ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁר־הִ֑יא וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ אֶל־נַפְשָֽׁם", "text": "And *wayyāqûmû* and *wayyānûsû* in-the-*nešep*, and *wayyaʿazbû* *ʾet*-*ʾohŏlêhem* and-*ʾet*-*sûsêhem* and-*ʾet*-*ḥămōrêhem*, the-*maḥăneh* as-*ʾăšer*-it, and *wayyānusû* for *napšām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqûmû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they arose", "*wayyānûsû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they fled", "*nešep*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the twilight/dawn", "*wayyaʿazbû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they left/abandoned", "*ʾohŏlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their tents", "*sûsêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their horses", "*ḥămōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their donkeys", "*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the camp", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - as/which", "*wayyānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they fled", "*napšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life/soul" }, "variants": { "*nešep*": "twilight/dusk/dawn", "*wayyānusû ʾel-napšām*": "they fled for their lives/they fled to save themselves" } }
• Ps 27:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אוֹרִ֣י וְ֭יִשְׁעִי מִמִּ֣י אִירָ֑א יְהוָ֥ה מָֽעוֹז־חַ֝יַּ֗י מִמִּ֥י אֶפְחָֽד׃", "text": "*lə-dāwid* ׀ *YHWH* ׀ *ʾôrî* *wə-yišʿî* *mimmî* *ʾîrāʾ* *YHWH* *māʿôz*-*ḥayyay* *mimmî* *ʾepḥād*", "grammar": { "*lə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/of David", "*YHWH*": "divine name - tetragrammaton", "*ʾôrî*": "noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my light", "*wə-yišʿî*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - and my salvation", "*mimmî*": "preposition + interrogative - from whom", "*ʾîrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will fear", "*māʿôz*": "noun construct - stronghold/fortress of", "*ḥayyay*": "noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my life", "*ʾepḥād*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will dread/be afraid" }, "variants": { "*lə-dāwid*": "of/by/for David", "*ʾôrî*": "my light/illumination", "*yišʿî*": "my salvation/deliverance/victory", "*māʿôz*": "stronghold/refuge/fortress/strength", "*ḥayyay*": "my life/lifetime" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.2", "source": "בִּקְרֹ֤ב עָלַ֨י ׀ מְרֵעִים֮ לֶאֱכֹ֢ל אֶת־בְּשָׂ֫רִ֥י צָרַ֣י וְאֹיְבַ֣י לִ֑י הֵ֖מָּה כָשְׁל֣וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*bi-qrōb* *ʿālay* ׀ *mərēʿîm* *leʾĕkōl* *ʾet*-*bəśārî* *ṣāray* *wə-ʾōyəbay* *lî* *hēmmâ* *kāšəlû* *wə-nāpālû*", "grammar": { "*bi-qrōb*": "preposition + infinitive construct - in drawing near", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*mərēʿîm*": "piel participle masculine plural - evildoers", "*leʾĕkōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat/devour", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəśārî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my flesh", "*ṣāray*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*wə-ʾōyəbay*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my enemies", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*kāšəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they stumbled", "*wə-nāpālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they fell" }, "variants": { "*mərēʿîm*": "evildoers/wrongdoers/wicked ones", "*leʾĕkōl*": "to eat/consume/devour", "*bəśārî*": "my flesh/body/person", "*ṣāray*": "my adversaries/foes/oppressors", "*ʾōyəbay*": "my enemies/foes/opponents", "*kāšəlû*": "stumbled/staggered/failed", "*nāpālû*": "fell/collapsed/were defeated" } }
• Ps 46:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.2", "source": "אֱלֹהִ֣ים לָ֭נוּ מַחֲסֶ֣ה וָעֹ֑ז עֶזְרָ֥ה בְ֝צָר֗וֹת נִמְצָ֥א מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* to-us *maḥăseh* and-*ʿōz* *ʿezrāh* in-*ṣārôt* *nimṣāʾ* *məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, subject - God", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - to/for us", "*maḥăseh*": "masculine singular noun - refuge/shelter", "*wā-ʿōz*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and strength", "*ʿezrāh*": "feminine singular noun - help", "*bə-ṣārôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - in troubles/distresses", "*nimṣāʾ*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular verb - is found/proved to be", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*maḥăseh*": "refuge/shelter/protection", "*ʿōz*": "strength/power/might/fortress", "*ṣārôt*": "troubles/distresses/adversities", "*nimṣāʾ*": "is found/has proven to be/is present" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.3", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֣ן לֹא־נִ֭ירָא בְּהָמִ֣יר אָ֑רֶץ וּבְמ֥וֹט הָ֝רִ֗ים בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּֽים׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* not-*nîrāʾ* in-*hāmîr* *ʾāreṣ* and-in-*môṭ* *hārîm* in-*lēb* *yammîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/because of this", "*lōʾ-nîrāʾ*": "negative + qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will not fear", "*bə-hāmîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - in the changing/removing of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*û-bə-môṭ*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and in the tottering/moving of", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains", "*bə-lēb*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the heart/midst of", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural noun - seas" }, "variants": { "*hāmîr*": "changing/removing/converting", "*môṭ*": "tottering/slipping/shaking", "*lēb*": "heart/midst/core", "*yammîm*": "seas/oceans/waters" } }
• 2 Kgs 7:15 : 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.7.15", "source": "וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶם֮ עַד־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה כָל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ מְלֵאָ֤ה בְגָדִים֙ וְכֵלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־הִשְׁלִ֥יכוּ אֲרָ֖ם *בהחפזם **בְּחָפְזָ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַמֶּֽלֶךְ", "text": "And *wayyēlĕḵû* after-them unto-the-*Yardēn*, and-behold all-the-*dereḵ* *mĕlēʾâ* *bĕgādîm* and-*kēlîm* *ʾăšer*-*hišlîḵû* *ʾărām* in-*bĕḥopzām*; and *wayyāšubû* the-*malʾāḵîm* and *wayyaggîdû* to-the-*meleḵ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlĕḵû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*Yardēn*": "proper noun with definite article - the Jordan", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the way/road", "*mĕlēʾâ*": "adjective feminine singular - full", "*bĕgādîm*": "masculine plural noun - clothes/garments", "*kēlîm*": "masculine plural noun - vessels/articles/equipment", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*hišlîḵû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they cast away", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*bĕḥopzām*": "noun masculine singular with prefixed preposition and 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their haste/flight", "*wayyāšubû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they returned", "*malʾāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the messengers", "*wayyaggîdû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they told", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*bĕḥopzām*": "in their haste/in their panic/in their flight", "*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/envoys", "*dereḵ*": "way/road/path" } }
• Deut 28:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.25", "source": "יִתֶּנְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִגָּף֮ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶיךָ֒ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ תֵּצֵ֣א אֵלָ֔יו וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים תָּנ֣וּס לְפָנָ֑יו וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְזַעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*yittenəkā* *YHWH* *niggāp* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêkā* *bəderek* *ʾeḥād* *tēṣēʾ* *ʾēlāyw* *ûbəšibʿâ* *dərākîm* *tānûs* *ləpānāyw* *wəhāyîtā* *ləzaʿăwâ* *ləkōl* *mamlēkôt* *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yittenəkā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will give you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*niggāp*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - defeated/smitten", "*lipnê*": "preposition (lə-) + construct noun, masculine plural - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*bəderek*": "preposition (bə-) + noun, feminine singular construct - by way/road", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will go out", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/it", "*ûbəšibʿâ*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + numeral, feminine singular - and by seven", "*dərākîm*": "noun, feminine plural - ways/roads", "*tānûs*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will flee", "*ləpānāyw*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him/it", "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*ləzaʿăwâ*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, feminine singular - an object of horror", "*ləkōl*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular construct - to all", "*mamlēkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yittenəkā*": "give you/deliver you/make you", "*niggāp*": "defeated/struck down/smitten", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "your enemies/foes/adversaries", "*derek*": "way/road/path/journey", "*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/march out/proceed", "*tānûs*": "flee/run away/escape", "*zaʿăwâ*": "horror/terror/object of trembling", "*mamlēkôt*": "kingdoms/dominions/realms", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/world" } }
• Exod 11:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.11.8", "source": "וְיָרְד֣וּ כָל־עֲבָדֶיךָ֩ אֵ֨לֶּה אֵלַ֜י וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣י לֵאמֹ֗ר צֵ֤א אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן אֵצֵ֑א וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֵֽעִם־פַּרְעֹ֖ה בָּחֳרִי־אָֽף", "text": "And-*yārəḏû* all-*ʿăḇāḏeyḵā* these to-*ʾēlay* and-*hištaḥăwû*-to-me *lēʾmōr* go-out *ʾattâh* and-all-the-*ʿām* *ʾăšer*-at-*ragleyḵā* and-after-*ḵēn* *ʾēṣēʾ* and-*wayyēṣēʾ* from-with-*parʿōh* in-*ḥŏrî*-*ʾāp*", "grammar": { "*yārəḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will come down", "*ʿăḇāḏeyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*hištaḥăwû*": "hitpael perfect, 3rd common plural - they will bow down", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to say", "*ʾattâh*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*ragleyḵā*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your feet", "*ḵēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will go out", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh", "*ḥŏrî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾāp*": "noun, masculine singular - nose/anger" }, "variants": { "*hištaḥăwû*": "bow down/prostrate/worship", "*ʾăšer-bəragleyḵā*": "who are at your feet/who follow you", "*ḥŏrî-ʾāp*": "burning anger/hot anger/fierce anger" } }
• Isa 7:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.7.2", "source": "וַיֻּגַּ֗ד לְבֵ֤ית דָּוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נָ֥חָֽה אֲרָ֖ם עַל־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֤נַע לְבָבוֹ֙ וּלְבַ֣ב עַמּ֔וֹ כְּנ֥וֹעַ עֲצֵי־יַ֖עַר מִפְּנֵי־רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*wā-yuggaḏ* to-house-of *Dāwiḏ* *lēmōr*, '*nāḥâ* *ʾĂrām* upon-*ʾEp̄rāyim*', *wā-yānaʿ* heart-his and-heart-of people-his like-*nôaʿ* trees-of-*yaʿar* from-before-*rûaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*wā-yuggaḏ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, Hophal - and it was told", "*Dāwiḏ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*lēmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct - saying", "*nāḥâ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - rested/settled/allied", "*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aram/Syria", "*ʾEp̄rāyim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim (referring to Northern Kingdom of Israel)", "*wā-yānaʿ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it shook/trembled", "*nôaʿ*": "infinitive construct - shaking/trembling/swaying", "*yaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - forest/woods", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit/breath" }, "variants": { "*wā-yuggaḏ*": "and it was told/and it was reported/and it was announced", "*nāḥâ*": "rested upon/settled on/allied with/encamped against", "*wā-yānaʿ*": "and it shook/and it trembled/and it quivered", "*nôaʿ*": "swaying/trembling/shaking", "*yaʿar*": "forest/woods/thicket", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit" } }