Proverbs 6:19

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.6.19", "source": "יָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים בֵּ֣ין אַחִֽים׃ פ", "text": "*yāpîaḥ* *kəzāvîm* *ʿēd* *šāqer* and-*məšallēaḥ* *mədānîm* between *ʾaḥîm*", "grammar": { "*yāpîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine singular - breathing out/uttering", "*kəzāvîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies", "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*məšallēaḥ*": "verb, piel participle masculine singular - sending out/causing", "*mədānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - strifes/contentions", "*ʾaḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - brothers" }, "variants": { "*yāpîaḥ*": "breathing out/uttering/puffing out", "*kəzāvîm*": "lies/falsehoods/untruths", "*mədānîm*": "strifes/contentions/quarrels" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

יָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים בֵּ֣ין אַחִֽים׃ פ

Transliteration

yāpîaḥ kəzāvîm ʿēd šāqer and-məšallēaḥ mədānîm between ʾaḥîm

Grammar Details

• *yāpîaḥ*: verb, hiphil participle masculine singular - breathing out/uttering
• *kəzāvîm*: noun, masculine plural - lies
• *ʿēd*: noun, masculine singular - witness
• *šāqer*: noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie
• *məšallēaḥ*: verb, piel participle masculine singular - sending out/causing
• *mədānîm*: noun, masculine plural - strifes/contentions
• *ʾaḥîm*: noun, masculine plural - brothers

Word Meanings

• *yāpîaḥ*: breathing out/uttering/puffing out
• *kəzāvîm*: lies/falsehoods/untruths
• *mədānîm*: strifes/contentions/quarrels

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  a false witness who pours out lies, and one who stirs up conflict among brothers.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  A false witness who speaks lies, and one who sows discord among brethren.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  A false witness that uttereth lies, And he that soweth discord among brethren.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  a false wytnesse yt bringeth vp lyes, & soch one as soweth discorde amonge brethren.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  A false witnesse that speaketh lyes, and him that rayseth vp contentions among brethren.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  A false witnesse that bringeth vp lyes, and hym that soweth discorde among brethren.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  A false witness [that] speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  A false witness who utters lies, And he who sows discord among brothers.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  A false witness `who' doth breathe out lies -- And one sending forth contentions between brethren.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  A false witness that uttereth lies, And he that soweth discord among brethren.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  A false witness that uttereth lies, And he that soweth discord among brethren.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  A false witness, breathing out untrue words, and one who lets loose violent acts among brothers.

• World English Bible (2000)

  a false witness who utters lies, and he who sows discord among brothers.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  a false witness who pours out lies, and a person who spreads discord among family members.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 27:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.12", "source": "אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵנִי בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ־בִ֥י עֵֽדֵי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר וִיפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tittənēnî* *bə-nepeš* *ṣārāy* *kî* *qāmû*-*bî* *ʿēdê*-*šeqer* *wî-pēaḥ* *ḥāmās*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not", "*tittənēnî*": "qal jussive 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - give me", "*bə-nepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - to the desire/soul of", "*ṣārāy*": "noun masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have risen", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*ʿēdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - witnesses of", "*šeqer*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood", "*wî-pēaḥ*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and one who breathes out", "*ḥāmās*": "noun masculine singular - violence" }, "variants": { "*tittənēnî*": "give me over/deliver me/surrender me", "*nepeš*": "soul/desire/life/will/appetite", "*ṣārāy*": "my adversaries/foes/enemies/oppressors", "*qāmû*": "they have risen/stood up/established themselves", "*ʿēdê*": "witnesses/testifiers", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*pēaḥ*": "one who breathes out/puffs/blows", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty/injustice" } }
• Prov 6:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.14", "source": "תַּֽהְפֻּכ֨וֹת ׀ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ חֹרֵ֣שׁ רָ֣ע בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת *מדנים **מִדְיָנִ֥ים יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*tahpuḵôt* in-*libbô* *ḥōrēš* *rāʿ* in-all-*ʿēt* *midyānîm* *yəšallēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*tahpuḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural - perversities/perverse things", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ḥōrēš*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - plowing/devising", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/wickedness", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*midyānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - strifes/contentions", "*yəšallēaḥ*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sends out/spreads" }, "variants": { "*tahpuḵôt*": "perversities/perverse things/frowardness", "*ḥōrēš*": "plowing/devising/plotting", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm", "*midyānîm*": "strifes/contentions/disputes" } }
• Prov 19:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.5", "source": "עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְיָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים לֹ֣א יִמָּלֵֽט׃", "text": "*ʿēd* *šəqārîm* not *yinnāqeh* and *yāpîaḥ* *kəzābîm* not *yimmālēṭ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šəqārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yinnāqeh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unpunished/acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - breathing out/uttering", "*kəzābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yimmālēṭ*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will escape/be delivered" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šəqārîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yinnāqeh*": "will be unpunished/will go free/will be acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "one who breathes out/utters/speaks", "*kəzābîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yimmālēṭ*": "will escape/will be delivered/will get away" } }
• Prov 19:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.9", "source": "עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְיָפִ֖יחַ כְּזָבִ֣ים יֹאבֵֽד׃", "text": "*ʿēd* *šəqārîm* not *yinnāqeh* and *yāpîaḥ* *kəzābîm* *yōʾbēd*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šəqārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yinnāqeh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unpunished/acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - breathing out/uttering", "*kəzābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yōʾbēd*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will perish/be destroyed" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šəqārîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yinnāqeh*": "will be unpunished/will go free/will be acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "one who breathes out/utters/speaks", "*kəzābîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yōʾbēd*": "will perish/be destroyed/be lost" } }
• Prov 12:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.12.17", "source": "יָפִ֣יחַ אֱ֭מוּנָה יַגִּ֣יד צֶ֑דֶק וְעֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה׃", "text": "*yāp̄îaḥ* *ʾĕmûnāh* *yaggîḏ* *ṣeḏeq* *wəʿēḏ* *šəqārîm* *mirmāh*", "grammar": { "*yāp̄îaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular construct - one who utters/breathes out", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - faithfulness/truth", "*yaggîḏ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - declares/tells", "*ṣeḏeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness/justice", "*wəʿēḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and witness of", "*šəqārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*mirmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit" }, "variants": { "*yāp̄îaḥ*": "one who utters/breathes out/speaks forth", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "faithfulness/truth/trustworthiness", "*yaggîḏ*": "declares/tells/speaks", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/justice/what is right", "*ʿēḏ*": "witness/testimony", "*šeqer*": "lies/falsehoods/deception", "*mirmāh*": "deceit/treachery/fraud" } }
• Prov 25:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.25.18", "source": "מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*mēpîṣ* and-*ḥereb* and-*ḥēṣ* *šānûn* *ʾîš* *ʿōneh* against-*rēʿēhû* *ʿēd* *šāqer*", "grammar": { "*mēpîṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - club/mace", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - arrow", "*šānûn*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - sharpened", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʿōneh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - testifying", "*bĕ*": "preposition - against", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - witness of", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood" }, "variants": { "*mēpîṣ*": "club/mace/hammer/maul", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife", "*ḥēṣ*": "arrow/shaft", "*šānûn*": "sharpened/pointed", "*ʿōneh*": "testifying/answering/responding", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his friend/his companion", "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception" } }
• Prov 26:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.20", "source": "בְּאֶ֣פֶס עֵ֭צִים תִּכְבֶּה־אֵ֑שׁ וּבְאֵ֥ין נִ֝רְגָּ֗ן יִשְׁתֹּ֥ק מָדֽוֹן׃", "text": "In-*efes* *etzim* *tikhbeh*-*esh*, and-in-absence-of *nirgan* *yishtoq* *madon*.", "grammar": { "*be*": "preposition - in", "*efes*": "noun, masculine, singular - ceasing/end of", "*etzim*": "noun, masculine, plural - wood/trees", "*tikhbeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - goes out", "*esh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*uve'ein*": "conjunction with preposition and construct particle - and in absence of", "*nirgan*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - whisperer/talebearer", "*yishtoq*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases", "*madon*": "noun, masculine, singular - strife/contention" }, "variants": { "*efes*": "ceasing/end/no more", "*etzim*": "wood/timber/trees", "*tikhbeh*": "goes out/is extinguished", "*esh*": "fire", "*ein*": "there is not/absence of", "*nirgan*": "whisperer/talebearer/gossip", "*yishtoq*": "ceases/quiets down/is stilled", "*madon*": "strife/contention/quarreling" } }
• Matt 15:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Matthew.15.19", "source": "Ἐκ γὰρ τῆς καρδίας ἐξέρχονται διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι:", "text": "Out for of the *kardias* *exerchontai* *dialogismoi* *ponēroi*, *phonoi*, *moicheiai*, *porneiai*, *klopai*, *pseudomarturiai*, *blasphēmiai*:", "grammar": { "*Ek gar*": "for out of", "*tēs kardias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - the heart", "*exerchontai*": "present, indicative, middle, 3rd person plural - come out", "*dialogismoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - thoughts/reasonings", "*ponēroi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - evil", "*phonoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - murders", "*moicheiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - adulteries", "*porneiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - fornications/sexual immoralities", "*klopai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - thefts", "*pseudomarturiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - false testimonies", "*blasphēmiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - blasphemies/slanders" }, "variants": { "*kardias*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*exerchontai*": "come out/go forth/proceed", "*dialogismoi*": "thoughts/reasonings/deliberations", "*ponēroi*": "evil/wicked/malicious", "*phonoi*": "murders/killings", "*moicheiai*": "adulteries/marital unfaithfulness", "*porneiai*": "fornications/sexual immoralities", "*klopai*": "thefts/stealing", "*pseudomarturiai*": "false testimonies/perjuries", "*blasphēmiai*": "blasphemies/slanders/abusive speech" } }
• Matt 26:59 : 59 { "verseID": "Matthew.26.59", "source": "Οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς, καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, καὶ τὸ συνέδριον, ὅλον ἐζήτουν ψευδομαρτυρίαν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ὅπως αὐτὸν θανατώσωσιν·", "text": "The *de* *archiereis*, and the *presbyteroi*, and the *synedrion*, *holon* *ezētoun* *pseudomartyrian* *kata* the *Iēsou*, *hopōs* him *thanatōsōsin*;", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*archiereis*": "nominative masculine plural - chief priests", "*presbyteroi*": "nominative masculine plural - elders", "*synedrion*": "nominative neuter singular - council/Sanhedrin", "*holon*": "nominative neuter singular - whole/entire", "*ezētoun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were seeking", "*pseudomartyrian*": "accusative feminine singular - false testimony", "*kata*": "preposition + genitive - against", "*Iēsou*": "genitive masculine singular - of Jesus", "*hopōs*": "subordinating conjunction - so that/in order that", "*thanatōsōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might put to death" }, "variants": { "*archiereis*": "chief priests/high priests", "*synedrion*": "Sanhedrin/council (Jewish ruling body)", "*ezētoun*": "were seeking/were looking for (continuous action)", "*pseudomartyrian*": "false testimony/false witness", "*thanatōsōsin*": "might put to death/might execute" } }
• Acts 6:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Acts.6.13", "source": "Ἔστησάν τε μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς, λέγοντας, Ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος οὐ παύεται ῥήματα βλάσφημα λαλῶν κατὰ τοῦ τόπου τοῦ ἁγίου τούτου, καὶ τοῦ νόμου:", "text": "*Estēsan* *te* *martyras* *pseudeis*, *legontas*, The *anthrōpos* this not *pauetai* *rēmata* *blasphēma* *lalōn* *kata* the *topou* the *hagiou* this, and the *nomou*:", "grammar": { "*Estēsan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - set up/placed/presented", "*te*": "conjunction, connective - and/also", "*martyras*": "accusative, masculine, plural - witnesses", "*pseudeis*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - false/lying", "*legontas*": "present, active, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - saying", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*pauetai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person, singular - ceases/stops", "*rēmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - words/sayings", "*blasphēma*": "accusative, neuter, plural, adjective - blasphemous", "*lalōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - speaking", "*kata*": "preposition + genitive - against", "*topou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - place", "*hagiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - holy", "*nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - law" }, "variants": { "*Estēsan*": "set up/placed/presented/put forward", "*martyras*": "witnesses/testifiers", "*pseudeis*": "false/lying/untrue", "*legontas*": "saying/declaring/stating", "*anthrōpos*": "man/person/human", "*pauetai*": "ceases/stops/desists", "*rēmata*": "words/sayings/statements", "*blasphēma*": "blasphemous/slanderous/defaming", "*lalōn*": "speaking/talking/uttering", "*topou*": "place/location/temple", "*hagiou*": "holy/sacred", "*nomou*": "law/Torah" } }
• 2 Tim 2:23 : 23 { "verseID": "2 Timothy.2.23", "source": "Τὰς δὲ μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ, εἰδὼς ὅτι γεννῶσι μάχας.", "text": "The *de mōras kai apaideutous zētēseis paraitou*, *eidōs hoti gennōsi machas*.", "grammar": { "*Tas*": "definite article, accusative, feminine, plural - the", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*mōras*": "accusative, feminine, plural, adjective - foolish", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*apaideutous*": "accusative, feminine, plural, adjective - ignorant", "*zētēseis*": "accusative, feminine, plural - controversies", "*paraitou*": "present, imperative, middle, 2nd singular - refuse", "*eidōs*": "perfect, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - knowing", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*gennōsi*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd plural - they breed", "*machas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - quarrels" }, "variants": { "*mōras*": "foolish/stupid/senseless", "*apaideutous*": "ignorant/uninstructed/undisciplined", "*zētēseis*": "controversies/debates/disputes", "*paraitou*": "refuse/avoid/reject", "*eidōs*": "knowing/understanding/being aware", "*gennōsi*": "they breed/generate/produce", "*machas*": "quarrels/fights/conflicts" } }
• Jas 3:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "James.3.14", "source": "Εἰ δὲ ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν, μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε, καὶ ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας.", "text": "If *de* *zēlon* *pikron* you *echete* and *eritheian* in the *kardia* of you, *mē* *katakauchāsthe*, and *pseudesthe* against the *alētheias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*zēlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*pikron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - bitter", "*echete*": "present indicative, active, 2nd plural - you have", "*eritheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*katakauchāsthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - boast/glory", "*pseudesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - lie/speak falsely", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth" }, "variants": { "*zēlon*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*pikron*": "bitter/harsh", "*eritheian*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*katakauchāsthe*": "boast/glory/pride yourselves", "*pseudesthe*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality" } } 15 { "verseID": "James.3.15", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη, ἀλλʼ ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης.", "text": "Not *estin* this the *sophia* from *anōthen* *katerchomenē*, but *epigeios*, *psychikē*, *daimoniōdēs*.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*sophia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above/from the beginning", "*katerchomenē*": "present participle, middle, nominative, feminine, singular - coming down", "*epigeios*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earthly/worldly", "*psychikē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - natural/unspiritual", "*daimoniōdēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - demonic" }, "variants": { "*sophia*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from God", "*katerchomenē*": "coming down/descending", "*epigeios*": "earthly/worldly/terrestrial", "*psychikē*": "natural/unspiritual/belonging to the soul", "*daimoniōdēs*": "demonic/devilish/inspired by demons" } } 16 { "verseID": "James.3.16", "source": "Ὅπου γὰρ ζῆλος καὶ ἐριθεία, ἐκεῖ ἀκαταστασία καὶ πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα.", "text": "Where *gar* *zēlos* and *eritheia*, there *akatastasia* and every *phaulon* *pragma*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*zēlos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*eritheia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*akatastasia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - disorder/confusion", "*phaulon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - worthless/evil", "*pragma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - thing/deed/matter" }, "variants": { "*zēlos*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*eritheia*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*akatastasia*": "disorder/confusion/instability", "*phaulon*": "worthless/evil/base/vile", "*pragma*": "thing/deed/matter/practice" } }
• Jas 3:18 : 18 { "verseID": "James.3.18", "source": "Καρπὸς δὲ τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἐν εἰρήνῃ σπείρεται τοῖς ποιοῦσιν εἰρήνην.", "text": "*Karpos* *de* of the *dikaiosynēs* in *eirēnē* *speiretai* for those *poiousin* *eirēnēn*.", "grammar": { "*Karpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fruit", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*dikaiosynēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of righteousness", "*eirēnē*": "dative, feminine, singular - peace", "*speiretai*": "present indicative, passive, 3rd singular - is sown", "*poiousin*": "present participle, active, dative, masculine, plural - making/doing", "*eirēnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - peace" }, "variants": { "*Karpos*": "fruit/harvest/result", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice/right conduct", "*eirēnē*": "peace/harmony", "*speiretai*": "is sown/planted", "*poiousin*": "making/doing/producing", "*eirēnēn*": "peace/harmony" } }
• 3 John 1:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "3 John.1.9", "source": "Ἔγραψά τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ: ἀλλʼ ὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν, Διοτρέφης, οὐκ ἐπιδέχεται ἡμᾶς.", "text": "*Egrapsa* to the *ekklēsia*: but the *philoprōteuōn* of them, *Diotrephēs*, not *epidechetai* us.", "grammar": { "*Egrapsa*": "aorist, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I wrote", "*ekklēsia*": "dative, feminine, singular - church/assembly", "*all*": "conjunction - but", "*philoprōteuōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - loving to be first", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - of them/their", "*Diotrephēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - name (Diotrephes)", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*epidechetai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - receives/welcomes", "*hēmas*": "accusative, 1st person plural pronoun - us" }, "variants": { "*Egrapsa*": "I wrote/have written", "*ekklēsia*": "church/assembly/congregation", "*philoprōteuōn*": "loving to be first/desiring preeminence/ambitious for primacy", "*epidechetai*": "receives/welcomes/accepts" } } 10 { "verseID": "3 John.1.10", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο, ἐὰν ἔλθω, ὑπομνήσω αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιεῖ, λόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς: καὶ μὴ ἀρκούμενος ἐπὶ τούτοις, οὔτε αὐτὸς ἐπιδέχεται τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει, καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκβάλλει.", "text": "*Dia* this, if *elthō*, *hypomnēsō* of him the *erga* which *poiei*, *logois* *ponērois* *phlyarōn* us: and not *arkoumenos* upon these, neither himself *epidechetai* the *adelphous*, and the *boulomenous* *kōlyei*, and from the *ekklēsias* *ekballei*.", "grammar": { "*Dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of/for", "*touto*": "accusative, neuter, singular, demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if", "*elthō*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 1st person singular - I might come", "*hypomnēsō*": "future, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I will remind/bring to remembrance", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, personal pronoun - of him/his", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*ha*": "accusative, neuter, plural, relative pronoun - which", "*poiei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - he does/performs", "*logois*": "dative, masculine, plural - words/sayings", "*ponērois*": "dative, masculine, plural - evil/malicious", "*phlyarōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - chattering/talking nonsense against", "*hēmas*": "accusative, 1st person plural pronoun - us", "*arkoumenos*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being content/satisfied", "*epi*": "preposition + dative - upon/with", "*toutois*": "dative, neuter, plural, demonstrative pronoun - these things", "*oute*": "conjunction - neither/nor", "*autos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, intensive pronoun - himself", "*epidechetai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - receives/welcomes", "*adelphous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - brothers/brethren", "*boulomenous*": "present, middle, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - wishing/desiring", "*kōlyei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - hinders/prevents", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*ekklēsias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - church/assembly", "*ekballei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - casts out/expels" }, "variants": { "*elthō*": "might come/should come/arrive", "*hypomnēsō*": "will remind/will call attention to/will bring to remembrance", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*poiei*": "does/performs/practices", "*logois ponērois*": "evil words/malicious speech/wicked talk", "*phlyarōn*": "chattering/talking nonsense/gossiping against", "*arkoumenos*": "being content/satisfied/appeased", "*epidechetai*": "receives/welcomes/accepts", "*adelphous*": "brothers/fellow believers/members of the community", "*boulomenous*": "wishing/desiring/willing", "*kōlyei*": "hinders/prevents/forbids", "*ekballei*": "casts out/expels/throws out" } }
• Prov 16:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Proverbs.16.28", "source": "אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת יְשַׁלַּ֣ח מָד֑וֹן וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן‪[6]‬ מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף׃", "text": "*ʾîš* *tahpukôt* *yᵉšallaḥ* *mādôn* and-*nirgān* *maprîd* *ʾallûp*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - man of", "*tahpukôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - perversity/perverse things", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - sends out/spreads", "*mādôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - strife/contention/dispute", "*wᵉ*": "conjunction - and", "*nirgān*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - whisperer/slanderer", "*maprîd*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - separates/divides", "*ʾallûp*": "noun, masculine, singular - close friend/companion/chief" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš tahpukôt*": "man of perversity/perverse person/troublemaker", "*nirgān*": "whisperer/slanderer/gossiper", "*ʾallûp*": "close friend/intimate companion/chief" } }
• Ps 35:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.11", "source": "יְ֭קוּמוּן עֵדֵ֣י חָמָ֑ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי יִשְׁאָלֽוּנִי׃", "text": "*Yəqûmûn* *ʿēdêy* *ḥāmās*; *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yādaʿtî* *yišʾālûnî*.", "grammar": { "*Yəqûmûn*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they arise", "*ʿēdêy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - witnesses of", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - violence", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I knew", "*yišʾālûnî*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they ask me" }, "variants": { "*Yəqûmûn*": "they arise/stand up/come forward", "*ʿēdêy*": "witnesses/testimonies", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty/injustice", "*yādaʿtî*": "I knew/recognized/was aware of", "*yišʾālûnî*": "they ask me/question me/inquire of me" } }
• Exod 20:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.16", "source": "לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăneh ḇə-rēʿăḵā ʿēḏ shāqer*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăneh*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not answer/testify", "*ḇə-rēʿăḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against your neighbor", "*ʿēḏ*": "masculine singular noun - witness", "*shāqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood" }, "variants": { "*ṯaʿăneh*": "answer/testify/respond", "*rēʿăḵā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your fellow", "*ʿēḏ shāqer*": "false witness/lying testimony/deceptive evidence" } }
• Exod 23:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.1", "source": "לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃", "text": "Not *tiśśā* *šēmaʿ* *šāwe* not-*tāšet* *yādĕkā* with-*rāšāʿ* to-*hĕyōt* *ʿēd* *ḥāmās*", "grammar": { "*tiśśā*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - lift/carry/take up", "*šēmaʿ*": "noun masculine singular construct - report/rumor", "*šāwe*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood/emptiness/vanity", "*tāšet*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - put/place/set", "*yādĕkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - wicked/evil person", "*hĕyōt*": "qal infinitive construct - to be/become", "*ʿēd*": "noun masculine singular - witness", "*ḥāmās*": "noun masculine singular - violence/wrong/injustice" }, "variants": { "*tiśśā*": "lift up/carry/raise/bear/take", "*šēmaʿ*": "report/rumor/hearsay", "*šāwe*": "falsehood/emptiness/worthlessness/vanity", "*tāšet*": "put/place/set/join", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice/malicious" } }
• Deut 19:16-20 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.16", "source": "כִּֽי־יָק֥וּם עֵד־חָמָ֖ס בְּאִ֑ישׁ לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּ֖וֹ סָרָֽה", "text": "If-*yāqūm* *ʿēd*-*ḥāmās* in-*ʾish* to-*laʿănōt* in-him *sārāh*", "grammar": { "*yāqūm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he arises'", "*ʿēd*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'witness of'", "*ḥāmās*": "common noun masculine singular - 'violence'", "*ʾish*": "common noun masculine singular - 'man'", "*laʿănōt*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to testify'", "*sārāh*": "common noun feminine singular - 'rebellion/defection'" }, "variants": { "*yāqūm*": "arises/stands up/comes forward", "*ʿēd*-*ḥāmās*": "violent witness/false witness/malicious witness", "*ʾish*": "man/person/someone", "*laʿănōt*": "to testify/to witness/to answer", "*sārāh*": "rebellion/defection/wrongdoing" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.17", "source": "וְעָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָהֶ֥ם הָרִ֖יב לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לִפְנֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְי֖וּ בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵֽם", "text": "And-*ʿāmĕdū* two-the-*ʾănāshim* which-to-them the-*rīb* before *YHWH* before the-*kōhănim* and-the-*shōfĕṭim* who *yihyū* in-the-*yāmim* the-those", "grammar": { "*ʿāmĕdū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall stand'", "*ʾănāshim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'men'", "*rīb*": "common noun masculine singular - 'dispute'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*kōhănim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'priests'", "*shōfĕṭim*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'judges'", "*yihyū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they will be'", "*yāmim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'days'" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmĕdū*": "they shall stand/they shall appear/they shall present themselves", "*ʾănāshim*": "men/persons/people", "*rīb*": "dispute/controversy/lawsuit", "*kōhănim*": "priests/officiators", "*shōfĕṭim*": "judges/those who judge/magistrates", "*yihyū*": "they will be/they shall exist/they shall serve", "*yāmim*": "days/times/period" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.18", "source": "וְדָרְשׁ֥וּ הַשֹּׁפְטִ֖ים הֵיטֵ֑ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה עֵֽד־שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ הָעֵ֔ד שֶׁ֖קֶר עָנָ֥ה בְאָחִֽיו", "text": "And-*dārĕshū* the-*shōfĕṭim* *hēṭēb* and-*hinnēh* *ʿēd*-*sheqer* the-*ʿēd* *sheqer* *ʿānāh* in-*ʾāḥiw*", "grammar": { "*dārĕshū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall inquire'", "*shōfĕṭim*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'judges'", "*hēṭēb*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - 'thoroughly'", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - 'behold'", "*ʿēd*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'witness of'", "*sheqer*": "common noun masculine singular - 'falsehood'", "*ʿānāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he testified'", "*ʾāḥiw*": "common noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his brother'" }, "variants": { "*dārĕshū*": "they shall inquire/they shall investigate/they shall examine", "*shōfĕṭim*": "judges/those who judge/magistrates", "*hēṭēb*": "thoroughly/diligently/carefully", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʿēd*-*sheqer*": "false witness/lying witness/deceptive witness", "*ʿānāh*": "testified/answered/responded", "*ʾāḥiw*": "his brother/his fellow/his countryman" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.19", "source": "וַעֲשִׂ֣יתֶם ל֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָמַ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לְאָחִ֑יו וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ", "text": "And-*ʿăsitem* to-him as-which *zāmam* to-*laʿăsōt* to-*ʾāḥiw* and-*biʿartā* the-*rāʿ* from-*qirbĕkhā*", "grammar": { "*ʿăsitem*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - 'you shall do'", "*zāmam*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he planned'", "*laʿăsōt*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to do'", "*ʾāḥiw*": "common noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his brother'", "*biʿartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you shall purge'", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'evil'", "*qirbĕkhā*": "common noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your midst'" }, "variants": { "*ʿăsitem*": "you shall do/you shall execute/you shall perform", "*zāmam*": "planned/schemed/intended", "*laʿăsōt*": "to do/to perform/to execute", "*ʾāḥiw*": "his brother/his fellow/his countryman", "*biʿartā*": "you shall purge/you shall remove/you shall eliminate", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wicked/wrong", "*qirbĕkhā*": "your midst/among you/from you" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.20", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְיִרָ֑אוּ וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֨פוּ לַעֲשׂ֜וֹת ע֗וֹד כַּדָּבָ֥ר הָרָ֛ע הַזֶּ֖ה בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ", "text": "And-the-*nishʾārim* *yishmĕʿū* and-*yirāʾū* and-not-*yōsîfū* *laʿăsōt* again as-the-*dābār* the-*rāʿ* the-this in-*qirbĕkhā*", "grammar": { "*nishʾārim*": "Niphal participle masculine plural - 'those who remain'", "*yishmĕʿū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shall hear'", "*yirāʾū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shall fear'", "*yōsîfū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shall add'", "*laʿăsōt*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to do'", "*dābār*": "common noun masculine singular - 'thing/matter'", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'evil'", "*qirbĕkhā*": "common noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your midst'" }, "variants": { "*nishʾārim*": "those who remain/those who are left/the rest", "*yishmĕʿū*": "they shall hear/they shall listen/they shall learn", "*yirāʾū*": "they shall fear/they shall be afraid/they shall be in awe", "*yōsîfū*": "they shall add/they shall continue/they shall do again", "*laʿăsōt*": "to do/to perform/to commit", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/deed", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wicked/wrong", "*qirbĕkhā*": "your midst/among you/from you" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:10-15 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.10", "source": "וְ֠הוֹשִׁיבוּ שְׁנַ֨יִם אֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וִיעִדֻ֣הוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וְהוֹצִיאֻ֥הוּ וְסִקְלֻ֖הוּ וְיָמֹֽת׃", "text": "And-*hôšîbû* two *ʾănāšîm* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* opposite-him *wîʿiduhû* *lēʾmōr*, *bēraktā* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-*melek*; and-*hôṣîʾuhû* and-*siqəluhû* and-*yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*hôšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*wîʿiduhû*": "conjunction + jussive, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and let them testify against him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bēraktā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Piel - you blessed/cursed", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*hôṣîʾuhû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bring him out", "*siqəluhû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - stone him", "*yāmōt*": "jussive, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - let him die" }, "variants": { "*bənê-bəlîyaʿal*": "worthless men/scoundrels/sons of wickedness", "*bēraktā*": "blessed/cursed (euphemism for cursed)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*hôṣîʾuhû*": "bring him out/lead him out" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.11", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י עִיר֜וֹ הַזְּקֵנִ֣ים וְהַחֹרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּעִיר֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁלְחָ֥ה אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אִיזָ֑בֶל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּתוּב֙ בַּסְּפָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלְחָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yaʿăśû* *ʾanšê* *ʿîrô* the-*zəqēnîm* and-the-*ḥōrîm* who the-*yōšəbîm* in-*ʿîrô* as-*ʾăšer* *šāləḥâ* to-them *ʾîzābel*, as-*ʾăšer* *kātûb* in-the-*səpārîm* which *šāləḥâ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they did", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city", "*zəqēnîm*": "adjective/noun, masculine plural - elders", "*ḥōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nobles/free men", "*yōšəbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - dwelling/living", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*šāləḥâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - she sent", "*ʾîzābel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*kātûb*": "passive participle, masculine singular, Qal - written", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents" }, "variants": { "*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men", "*ḥōrîm*": "nobles/free men/officials", "*yōšəbîm*": "dwelling/living/sitting" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.12", "source": "קָרְא֖וּ צ֑וֹם וְהֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*qārəʾû* *ṣôm* and-*hōšîbû* *ʾet*-*nābôt* in-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*qārəʾû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they proclaimed", "*ṣôm*": "noun, masculine singular - fast", "*hōšîbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil - they seated", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*qārəʾû ṣôm*": "proclaimed a fast/called a fast", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief place" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.13", "source": "וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַבְּלִיַּ֜עַל אֶת־נָב֗וֹת נֶ֤גֶד הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ נָב֛וֹת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּצִאֻ֙הוּ֙ מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר וַיִּסְקְלֻ֥הוּ בָאֲבָנִ֖ים וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾû* two the-*ʾănāšîm* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* *wa-yēšəbû* opposite-him; *wa-yəʿiduhû* *ʾanšê* the-*bəlîyaʿal* *ʾet*-*nābôt* before the-*ʿām* *lēʾmōr*, *bērak* *nābôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-*melek*; *wa-yōṣiʾuhû* outside the-city *wa-yisqəluhû* with-the-stones *wa-yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they came", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*wa-yēšəbû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they sat", "*wa-yəʿiduhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they testified against him", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bērak*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - he blessed/cursed", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wa-yōṣiʾuhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they brought him out", "*wa-yisqəluhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they stoned him", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he died" }, "variants": { "*bənê-bəlîyaʿal*": "worthless men/scoundrels/sons of wickedness", "*bērak*": "blessed/cursed (euphemism for cursed)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.14", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ אֶל־אִיזֶ֣בֶל לֵאמֹ֑ר סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yišləḥû* to-*ʾîzebel* *lēʾmōr*, *suqqal* *nābôt* *wa-yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yišləḥû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they sent", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*suqqal*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Pual - he was stoned", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he died" }, "variants": { "*suqqal*": "was stoned/has been stoned" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.15", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אִיזֶ֔בֶל כִּֽי־סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹ֑ת וַתֹּ֨אמֶר אִיזֶ֜בֶל אֶל־אַחְאָ֗ב ק֣וּם רֵ֞שׁ אֶת־כֶּ֣רֶם ׀ נָב֣וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר מֵאֵן֙ לָתֶת־לְךָ֣ בְכֶ֔סֶף כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נָב֛וֹת חַ֖י כִּי־מֵֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* when-*kišmōaʿ* *ʾîzebel* that-*suqqal* *nābôt* *wa-yāmōt*, *wa-tōʾmer* *ʾîzebel* to-*ʾaḥʾāb*, *qûm* *rēš* *ʾet*-*kerem* *nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî* who *mēʾēn* to-give-to-you for-*kesep*, because *ʾên* *nābôt* alive but-dead.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it happened", "*kišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when hearing", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*suqqal*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Pual - he was stoned", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he died", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she said", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*qûm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - arise", "*rēš*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - take possession of", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite", "*mēʾēn*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - he refused", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - alive" }, "variants": { "*rēš*": "take possession of/inherit/seize", "*mēʾēn*": "refused/declined", "*ʾên nābôt ḥay kî-mēt*": "Naboth is not alive but dead" } }
• Prov 22:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.10", "source": "גָּ֣רֵֽשׁ לֵ֭ץ וְיֵצֵ֣א מָד֑וֹן וְ֝יִשְׁבֹּ֗ת דִּ֣ין וְקָלֽוֹן׃", "text": "*gārēš* *lēṣ* and *yēṣē'* *mādôn*, and *yišbōT* *dîn* and *qālôn*.", "grammar": { "*gārēš*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine singular - drive out/expel", "*lēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - mocker/scoffer", "*yēṣē'*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will go out", "*mādôn*": "noun, masculine singular - strife/contention", "*yišbōT*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will cease", "*dîn*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/judgment/legal case", "*qālôn*": "noun, masculine singular - shame/dishonor" }, "variants": { "*gārēš*": "drive out/expel/cast out/banish", "*lēṣ*": "mocker/scoffer/scorner", "*yēṣē'*": "will go out/will leave/will depart", "*mādôn*": "strife/contention/quarrel/dispute", "*yišbōT*": "will cease/will stop/will rest", "*dîn*": "judgment/legal dispute/lawsuit", "*qālôn*": "shame/dishonor/disgrace/insult" } }