Psalms 27:12

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.27.12", "source": "אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵנִי בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ־בִ֥י עֵֽדֵי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר וִיפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tittənēnî* *bə-nepeš* *ṣārāy* *kî* *qāmû*-*bî* *ʿēdê*-*šeqer* *wî-pēaḥ* *ḥāmās*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not", "*tittənēnî*": "qal jussive 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - give me", "*bə-nepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - to the desire/soul of", "*ṣārāy*": "noun masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have risen", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*ʿēdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - witnesses of", "*šeqer*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood", "*wî-pēaḥ*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and one who breathes out", "*ḥāmās*": "noun masculine singular - violence" }, "variants": { "*tittənēnî*": "give me over/deliver me/surrender me", "*nepeš*": "soul/desire/life/will/appetite", "*ṣārāy*": "my adversaries/foes/enemies/oppressors", "*qāmû*": "they have risen/stood up/established themselves", "*ʿēdê*": "witnesses/testifiers", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*pēaḥ*": "one who breathes out/puffs/blows", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty/injustice" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אַֽל־תִּ֭תְּנֵנִי בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ־בִ֥י עֵֽדֵי־שֶׁ֝֗קֶר וִיפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס׃

Transliteration

ʾal-tittənēnî bə-nepeš ṣārāy kî qāmû-bî ʿēdê-šeqer wî-pēaḥ ḥāmās

Grammar Details

• *ʾal*: negative particle with jussive - do not
• *tittənēnî*: qal jussive 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - give me
• *bə-nepeš*: preposition + noun feminine singular construct - to the desire/soul of
• *ṣārāy*: noun masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries
• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *qāmû*: qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have risen
• *bî*: preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me
• *ʿēdê*: noun masculine plural construct - witnesses of
• *šeqer*: noun masculine singular - falsehood
• *wî-pēaḥ*: conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and one who breathes out
• *ḥāmās*: noun masculine singular - violence

Word Meanings

• *tittənēnî*: give me over/deliver me/surrender me
• *nepeš*: soul/desire/life/will/appetite
• *ṣārāy*: my adversaries/foes/enemies/oppressors
• *qāmû*: they have risen/stood up/established themselves
• *ʿēdê*: witnesses/testifiers
• *šeqer*: falsehood/lie/deception
• *pēaḥ*: one who breathes out/puffs/blows
• *ḥāmās*: violence/wrong/cruelty/injustice

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Do not hand me over to the desire of my adversaries, for false witnesses rise up against me, breathing out violence.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Do not deliver me to the will of my enemies; for false witnesses have risen against me, and such as breathe out violence.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Deliver{H5414} me not over unto the will{H5315} of mine adversaries:{H6862} For false{H8267} witnesses{H5707} are risen up{H6965} against me, And such as breathe out{H3307} cruelty.{H2555}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Deliver{H5414}{(H8799)} me not over unto the will{H5315} of mine enemies{H6862}: for false{H8267} witnesses{H5707} are risen up{H6965}{(H8804)} against me, and such as breathe out{H3307} cruelty{H2555}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Delyuer me not into the wylles of myne aduersaries, for there are false wytnesses rysen vp against me, and they ymagyn myschefe.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Giue me not vnto the lust of mine aduersaries: for there are false witnesses risen vp against me, and such as speake cruelly.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Deliuer me not into mine aduersaries handes: for there are false witnesses rysen vp against me, and such as speake wrong.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Don't deliver me over to the desire of my adversaries, For false witnesses have risen up against me, Such as breathe out cruelty.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Give me not to the will of my adversaries, For risen against me have false witnesses, And they breathe out violence to me.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Deliver me not over unto the will of mine adversaries: For false witnesses are risen up against me, And such as breathe out cruelty.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Deliver me not over unto the will of mine adversaries: For false witnesses are risen up against me, And such as breathe out cruelty.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Do not give me into their hands, because false witnesses have come out against me, and men breathing destruction.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Don't deliver me over to the desire of my adversaries, for false witnesses have risen up against me, such as breathe out cruelty.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Do not turn me over to my enemies, for false witnesses who want to destroy me testify against me.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 35:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.11", "source": "יְ֭קוּמוּן עֵדֵ֣י חָמָ֑ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָ֝דַ֗עְתִּי יִשְׁאָלֽוּנִי׃", "text": "*Yəqûmûn* *ʿēdêy* *ḥāmās*; *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yādaʿtî* *yišʾālûnî*.", "grammar": { "*Yəqûmûn*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they arise", "*ʿēdêy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - witnesses of", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - violence", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I knew", "*yišʾālûnî*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they ask me" }, "variants": { "*Yəqûmûn*": "they arise/stand up/come forward", "*ʿēdêy*": "witnesses/testimonies", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty/injustice", "*yādaʿtî*": "I knew/recognized/was aware of", "*yišʾālûnî*": "they ask me/question me/inquire of me" } }
• Acts 9:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Acts.9.1", "source": "¶Ὁ δὲ Σαῦλος, ἔτι ἐμπνέων ἀπειλῆς καὶ φόνου εἰς τοὺς μαθητὰς τοῦ Κυρίου, προσελθὼν τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ,", "text": "But *Saulos*, still *empneōn* of *apeilēs* and *phonou* toward the *mathētas* of the *Kyriou*, *proselthōn* to the *archierei*,", "grammar": { "*Saulos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - name Saul", "*empneōn*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - breathing out/exhaling", "*apeilēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - threat/threatening", "*phonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - murder/slaughter", "*mathētas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - disciples/students", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord/master", "*proselthōn*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having approached/come to", "*archierei*": "dative, masculine, singular - high priest" }, "variants": { "*empneōn*": "breathing out/exhaling/being filled with", "*apeilēs*": "threat/threatening/menace", "*phonou*": "murder/slaughter/killing", "*mathētas*": "disciples/students/followers", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master/owner", "*proselthōn*": "having approached/come to/gone to" } }
• Ps 31:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.31.8", "source": "אָגִ֥ילָה וְאֶשְׂמְחָ֗ה בְּחַ֫סְדֶּ֥ךָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֭אִיתָ אֶת־עָנְיִ֑י יָ֝דַ֗עְתָּ בְּצָר֥וֹת נַפְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*ʾāgîlâ* and-*ʾeśməḥâ* in-*ḥasdekā* which *rāʾîtā* *ʾet*-*ʿonyî*; *yādaʿtā* in-*ṣārôt* *napšî*", "grammar": { "*ʾāgîlâ*": "verb, cohortative 1st person singular - I will rejoice", "*ʾeśməḥâ*": "verb, cohortative 1st person singular - I will be glad", "*ḥasdekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition beth - in your lovingkindness", "*rāʾîtā*": "verb, perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have seen", "*ʿonyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my affliction", "*yādaʿtā*": "verb, perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have known", "*ṣārôt*": "noun, feminine plural with prefixed preposition beth - in distresses", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my soul" }, "variants": { "*ʾāgîlâ*": "rejoice/be joyful/exult", "*ʾeśməḥâ*": "be glad/rejoice/be joyful", "*ḥasdekā*": "your lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*ʿonyî*": "my affliction/trouble/misery", "*ṣārôt*": "distresses/troubles/adversities" } }
• 1 Sam 22:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.22.9", "source": "וַיַּ֜עַן דֹּאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וְה֛וּא נִצָּ֥ב עַל־עַבְדֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיֹּאמַ֑ר רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י בָּ֣א נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲחִטֽוּב", "text": "*wə-yaʿan* *Dōʾēg* *hā-ʾĂdōmî* *wə-hûʾ* *niṣṣāb* *ʿal*-*ʿabdê*-*Šāʾûl* *wə-yōʾmar* *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*ben*-*Yišay* *bāʾ* *Nōbeh* *ʾel*-*ʾĂḥîmelek* *ben*-*ʾĂḥîṭûb*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿan*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he answered", "*Dōʾēg*": "proper noun - Doeg", "*hā-ʾĂdōmî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Edomite", "*wə-hûʾ*": "waw conjunction + personal pronoun 3ms - and he", "*niṣṣāb*": "Niphal participle ms - was standing/stationed", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*ʿabdê*": "noun mp construct - servants of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wə-yōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ben*": "noun ms construct - son of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle ms - coming", "*Nōbeh*": "proper noun - to Nob", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʾĂḥîmelek*": "proper noun - Ahimelech", "*ben*": "noun ms construct - son of", "*ʾĂḥîṭûb*": "proper noun - Ahitub" }, "variants": { "*niṣṣāb*": "standing/stationed/set over", "*bāʾ*": "coming/arriving/entering" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.22.10", "source": "וַיִּשְׁאַל־לוֹ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וְצֵידָ֖ה נָ֣תַן ל֑וֹ וְאֵ֗ת חֶ֛רֶב גָּלְיָ֥ת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י נָ֥תַן לֽוֹ", "text": "*wə-yišʾal*-*lô* *ba-YHWH* *wə-ṣêdâ* *nātan* *lô* *wə-ʾēt* *ḥereb* *Golyāt* *hap-Pəlištî* *nātan* *lô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišʾal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he inquired", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - for him", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - of YHWH", "*wə-ṣêdâ*": "waw conjunction + noun fs - and provisions", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he gave", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*ḥereb*": "noun fs construct - sword of", "*Golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*hap-Pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he gave", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*yišʾal*": "inquired/asked/consulted", "*ṣêdâ*": "provisions/food/supplies" } }
• 1 Sam 26:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.26.19", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽשְׁמַֽע־נָא֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֣י עַבְדּ֑וֹ אִם־יְהוָ֞ה הֱסִֽיתְךָ֥ בִי֙ יָרַ֣ח מִנְחָ֔ה וְאִ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֗ם אֲרוּרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־גֵרְשׁ֣וּנִי הַיּ֗וֹם מֵהִסְתַּפֵּ֜חַ בְּנַחֲלַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֵ֥ךְ עֲבֹ֖ד אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "And now, *yišmaʿ*-*nāʾ* my *ʾăḏōnî* the *meleḵ* *ʾēṯ* *diḇrê* his *ʿaḇdô*. If *YHWH* *hĕsîṯḵā* against me, may he *yāraḥ* *minḥâ*, but if *bәnê* the *ʾāḏām*, *ʾărûrîm* they before *YHWH*, for they have *gēršûnî* this day from *mēhistappēaḥ* in *naḥălaṯ* *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*: Go *ʿăḇōḏ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him hear", "*nāʾ*": "Particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "Noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*meleḵ*": "Noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*ʾēṯ*": "Direct object marker", "*diḇrê*": "Noun construct, masculine plural - words of", "*ʿaḇdô*": "Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*YHWH*": "Proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hĕsîṯḵā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - has incited you", "*yāraḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he smell/accept", "*minḥâ*": "Noun, feminine singular - offering/gift", "*bәnê*": "Noun construct, masculine plural - sons of", "*ʾāḏām*": "Noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man/mankind", "*ʾărûrîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - cursed", "*YHWH*": "Proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gēršûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - they have driven me out", "*mēhistappēaḥ*": "Hithpael infinitive construct with prefixed preposition - from attaching myself", "*naḥălaṯ*": "Noun construct, feminine singular - inheritance of", "*YHWH*": "Proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - saying", "*ʿăḇōḏ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "Noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "Adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*yišmaʿ*": "let him hear/may he listen", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "my lord/my master", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*diḇrê*": "words/speech/matter", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*hĕsîṯḵā*": "has incited you/has stirred you up", "*yāraḥ*": "may he smell/may he accept/may he be appeased by", "*minḥâ*": "offering/gift/tribute", "*bәnê*": "sons of/men of", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʾărûrîm*": "cursed/under a curse", "*gēršûnî*": "they have driven me out/they have expelled me", "*mēhistappēaḥ*": "from attaching myself/from having a share in", "*naḥălaṯ*": "inheritance/possession/property", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʿăḇōḏ*": "serve/worship", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign" } }
• 2 Sam 16:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.7", "source": "וְכֹֽה־אָמַ֥ר שִׁמְעִ֖י בְּקַֽלְל֑וֹ צֵ֥א צֵ֛א אִ֥ישׁ הַדָּמִ֖ים וְאִ֥ישׁ הַבְּלִיָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And *kōh-ʾāmar* *Šimʿî* in *bəqalləlô*, \"*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*, *ʾîš hadāmîm* and *ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*.\"", "grammar": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - thus said", "*Šimʿî*": "proper noun - Shimei", "*bəqalləlô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his cursing", "*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular (repeated) - go out, go out", "*ʾîš hadāmîm*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine plural - man of the bloods", "*ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - man of worthlessness" }, "variants": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "thus said/so said/this is what said", "*bəqalləlô*": "in his cursing/when he cursed/as he reviled", "*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*": "get out, get out/be gone, be gone", "*ʾîš hadāmîm*": "man of blood/bloodthirsty man/murderer", "*ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*": "worthless man/man of Belial/scoundrel/villain" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.8", "source": "הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל ׀ דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "*Hēšîb* upon you *Yəhwāh* all *dəmê* *bêṯ-Šāʾûl*, whom *mālaktā* *taḥtāw*, and *wayyittēn* *Yəhwāh* *ʾeṯ-hamməlûkāh* into *yad* *ʾAbšālôm* *bənekā*. And *hinəkā* in *bərāʿāṯekā*, because *ʾîš dāmîm* *ʾāttāh*.", "grammar": { "*Hēšîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has returned/brought back", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*dəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*bêṯ-Šāʾûl*": "noun construct + proper noun - house of Saul", "*mālaktā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you reigned", "*taḥtāw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place", "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has given", "*ʾeṯ-hamməlûkāh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the kingdom", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*bənekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*hinəkā*": "interjection + 2nd masculine singular suffix - behold you", "*bərāʿāṯekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your evil", "*ʾîš dāmîm*": "noun construct + noun, masculine plural - man of bloods", "*ʾāttāh*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you" }, "variants": { "*Hēšîb*": "has returned/has brought back/has requited", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*mālaktā*": "you reigned/you became king/you ruled", "*taḥtāw*": "in his place/instead of him/in his stead", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*bərāʿāṯekā*": "in your evil/in your misfortune/in your calamity", "*ʾîš dāmîm*": "man of blood/bloodthirsty man/murderer", "*תחתו/תַּחְתָּ֔יו*": "textual variant - same meaning: 'in his place'" } }
• Ps 35:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.25", "source": "אַל־יֹאמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם הֶאָ֣ח נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ אַל־יֹ֝אמְר֗וּ בִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*ʾAl*-*yōʾmərû* *bə*-*libbām* *heʾāḥ* *napšēnû*; *ʾal*-*yōʾmərû* *billaʿănûhû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾAl*": "negative particle - not/do not", "*yōʾmərû*": "imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine plural - let them say", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*heʾāḥ*": "interjection - aha", "*napšēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - our desire", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - not/do not", "*yōʾmərû*": "imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine plural - let them say", "*billaʿănûhû*": "perfect, 1st person plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - we have swallowed him" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmərû*": "let them say/speak/declare", "*libbām*": "their heart/mind/inner self", "*heʾāḥ*": "aha/ha-ha/exclamation of satisfaction", "*napšēnû*": "our desire/appetite/longing", "*billaʿănûhû*": "we have swallowed him/devoured him/consumed him" } }
• Ps 38:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.38.16", "source": "כִּֽי־לְךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה הוֹחָ֑לְתִּי אַתָּ֥ה תַ֝עֲנֶ֗ה אֲדֹנָ֥י אֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "For to you *YHWH* *hôḥāltî*; you *ta'ănê* *'Ăḏōnāy* *'Ĕlōhāy*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*hôḥāltî*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have waited", "*ta'ănê*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will answer", "*'Ăḏōnāy*": "divine title - my Lord", "*'Ĕlōhāy*": "divine name with 1st person singular suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*yāḥal*": "wait/hope/expect", "*'ānāh*": "answer/respond/reply", "*'Ăḏōnāy*": "my Lord/Master", "*'Ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } }
• Ps 41:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.41.2", "source": "אַ֭שְׁרֵי מַשְׂכִּ֣יל אֶל־דָּ֑ל בְּי֥וֹם רָ֝עָ֗ה יְֽמַלְּטֵ֥הוּ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾašrê* *maśkîl* unto-*dāl* in-*yôm* *rāʿâ* *yəmalləṭēhû* *Yahweh*", "grammar": { "*ʾašrê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct state - blessed/happy", "*maśkîl*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who gives attention to/considers", "*dāl*": "adjective, masculine, singular - with 'el' preposition - weak/poor/needy", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - with prefixed 'bə' preposition ('in') - day", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/distress/calamity", "*yəmalləṭēhû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - will deliver him", "*Yahweh*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*ʾašrê*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*maśkîl*": "one who considers/gives attention to/acts wisely toward", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/helpless/thin/low", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/distress/misery/calamity/disaster" } }
• Ps 41:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.41.11", "source": "וְאַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה חָנֵּ֥נִי וַהֲקִימֵ֑נִי וַֽאֲשַׁלְּמָ֥ה לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "and-*ʾattâ* *Yahweh* *ḥānnēnî* and-*hăqîmēnî* and-*ʾašallēmâ* to-them", "grammar": { "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - with prefixed 'wə' conjunction ('and') - you", "*Yahweh*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ḥānnēnî*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - be gracious to me", "*hăqîmēnî*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - with prefixed 'wə' conjunction ('and') - raise me up", "*ʾašallēmâ*": "verb, Piel cohortative, 1st person singular - with prefixed 'wə' conjunction ('and') - that I may repay", "to-them": "preposition 'lə' with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*ʾattâ*": "you", "*ḥānnēnî*": "be gracious to me/show mercy to me/favor me", "*hăqîmēnî*": "raise me up/help me stand/restore me", "*ʾašallēmâ*": "that I may repay/recompense/reward" } }
• Ps 140:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.140.8", "source": "יְהֹוִ֣ה אֲ֭דֹנָי עֹ֣ז יְשׁוּעָתִ֑י סַכֹּ֥תָה לְ֝רֹאשִׁ֗י בְּי֣וֹם נָֽשֶׁק׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾădonāy* *ʿoz* *yəšûʿātî* *sakkotāh* to-*rošî* in-*yôm* *nāšeq*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾădonāy*": "plural noun with 1st person singular suffix (used as divine title) - my Lord", "*ʿoz*": "masculine singular construct noun - strength of", "*yəšûʿātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my salvation", "*sakkotāh*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular verb - you covered/sheltered", "*rošî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition lamed (for/to) - for my head", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition bet (in) - in day of", "*nāšeq*": "masculine singular noun - weapon/armor/battle" }, "variants": { "*ʾădonāy*": "my Lord/my Master", "*ʿoz*": "strength of/power of/might of", "*yəšûʿātî*": "my salvation/my deliverance", "*sakkotāh*": "you covered/you sheltered/you protected", "*rošî*": "my head/my chief part", "*nāšeq*": "weapon/armor/battle/warfare" } }
• Matt 26:59-60 : 59 { "verseID": "Matthew.26.59", "source": "Οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς, καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, καὶ τὸ συνέδριον, ὅλον ἐζήτουν ψευδομαρτυρίαν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ὅπως αὐτὸν θανατώσωσιν·", "text": "The *de* *archiereis*, and the *presbyteroi*, and the *synedrion*, *holon* *ezētoun* *pseudomartyrian* *kata* the *Iēsou*, *hopōs* him *thanatōsōsin*;", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*archiereis*": "nominative masculine plural - chief priests", "*presbyteroi*": "nominative masculine plural - elders", "*synedrion*": "nominative neuter singular - council/Sanhedrin", "*holon*": "nominative neuter singular - whole/entire", "*ezētoun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were seeking", "*pseudomartyrian*": "accusative feminine singular - false testimony", "*kata*": "preposition + genitive - against", "*Iēsou*": "genitive masculine singular - of Jesus", "*hopōs*": "subordinating conjunction - so that/in order that", "*thanatōsōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might put to death" }, "variants": { "*archiereis*": "chief priests/high priests", "*synedrion*": "Sanhedrin/council (Jewish ruling body)", "*ezētoun*": "were seeking/were looking for (continuous action)", "*pseudomartyrian*": "false testimony/false witness", "*thanatōsōsin*": "might put to death/might execute" } } 60 { "verseID": "Matthew.26.60", "source": "Καὶ οὐχ εὗρον: καὶ, πολλῶν ψευδομαρτύρων προσελθόντων, οὐχ εὗρον. Ὕστερον δὲ προσελθόντες δύο ψευδομάρτυρες,", "text": "And not *heuron*: and, many *pseudomartyrōn* *proselthontōn*, not *heuron*. *Hysteron* *de* *proselthontes* two *pseudomartyres*,", "grammar": { "*heuron*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they found", "*pseudomartyrōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of false witnesses", "*proselthontōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive masculine plural - having come forward", "*Hysteron*": "adverb - later/afterward", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*proselthontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural - having come forward", "*pseudomartyres*": "nominative masculine plural - false witnesses" }, "variants": { "*heuron*": "found/discovered", "*pseudomartyrōn*": "false witnesses/perjurers", "*proselthontōn*": "coming forward/approaching", "*Hysteron*": "later/finally/at last", "*proselthontes*": "coming forward/approaching" } }
• Acts 6:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Acts.6.11", "source": "Τότε ὑπέβαλον ἄνδρας, λέγοντας, ὅτι Ἀκηκόαμεν αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος ῥήματα βλάσφημα εἰς Μωσῆν, καὶ τὸν Θεόν.", "text": "Then *hypebalon* *andras*, *legontas*, that *Akēkoamen* of him *lalountos* *rēmata* *blasphēma* against *Mōsēn*, and *ton* *Theon*.", "grammar": { "*hypebalon*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - secretly instigated/induced", "*andras*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men", "*legontas*": "present, active, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - saying", "*Akēkoamen*": "perfect, active, indicative, 1st person, plural - we have heard", "*lalountos*": "present, active, participle, genitive, masculine, singular - speaking", "*rēmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - words/sayings", "*blasphēma*": "accusative, neuter, plural, adjective - blasphemous", "*Mōsēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Moses", "*ton*": "accusative, masculine, singular, article - the", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*hypebalon*": "secretly instigated/induced/suborned", "*legontas*": "saying/declaring/stating", "*Akēkoamen*": "we have heard/we heard", "*lalountos*": "speaking/talking/uttering", "*rēmata*": "words/sayings/statements", "*blasphēma*": "blasphemous/slanderous/defaming" } } 12 { "verseID": "Acts.6.12", "source": "Συνεκίνησάν τε τὸν λαὸν, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς, καὶ ἐπιστάντες, συνήρπασαν αὐτόν, καὶ ἤγαγον εἰς τὸ συνέδριον,", "text": "*Synekinēsan* *te* the *laon*, and the *presbyterous*, and the *grammateis*, and *epistantes*, *synērpasan* him, and *ēgagon* to the *synedrion*,", "grammar": { "*Synekinēsan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - stirred up/incited", "*te*": "conjunction, connective - and/also", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*presbyterous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - elders", "*grammateis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - scribes", "*epistantes*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - coming upon/approaching suddenly", "*synērpasan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - seized violently/arrested", "*ēgagon*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - led/brought", "*synedrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - council/Sanhedrin" }, "variants": { "*Synekinēsan*": "stirred up/incited/aroused", "*laon*": "people/population/nation", "*presbyterous*": "elders/older men", "*grammateis*": "scribes/writers/experts in law", "*epistantes*": "coming upon/approaching suddenly/confronting", "*synērpasan*": "seized violently/arrested/snatched", "*ēgagon*": "led/brought/took", "*synedrion*": "council/Sanhedrin/assembly" } } 13 { "verseID": "Acts.6.13", "source": "Ἔστησάν τε μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς, λέγοντας, Ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος οὐ παύεται ῥήματα βλάσφημα λαλῶν κατὰ τοῦ τόπου τοῦ ἁγίου τούτου, καὶ τοῦ νόμου:", "text": "*Estēsan* *te* *martyras* *pseudeis*, *legontas*, The *anthrōpos* this not *pauetai* *rēmata* *blasphēma* *lalōn* *kata* the *topou* the *hagiou* this, and the *nomou*:", "grammar": { "*Estēsan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - set up/placed/presented", "*te*": "conjunction, connective - and/also", "*martyras*": "accusative, masculine, plural - witnesses", "*pseudeis*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - false/lying", "*legontas*": "present, active, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - saying", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*pauetai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person, singular - ceases/stops", "*rēmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - words/sayings", "*blasphēma*": "accusative, neuter, plural, adjective - blasphemous", "*lalōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - speaking", "*kata*": "preposition + genitive - against", "*topou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - place", "*hagiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - holy", "*nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - law" }, "variants": { "*Estēsan*": "set up/placed/presented/put forward", "*martyras*": "witnesses/testifiers", "*pseudeis*": "false/lying/untrue", "*legontas*": "saying/declaring/stating", "*anthrōpos*": "man/person/human", "*pauetai*": "ceases/stops/desists", "*rēmata*": "words/sayings/statements", "*blasphēma*": "blasphemous/slanderous/defaming", "*lalōn*": "speaking/talking/uttering", "*topou*": "place/location/temple", "*hagiou*": "holy/sacred", "*nomou*": "law/Torah" } }
• Ps 25:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.25.19", "source": "רְאֵֽה־אוֹיְבַ֥י כִּי־רָ֑בּוּ וְשִׂנְאַ֖ת חָמָ֣ס שְׂנֵאֽוּנִי", "text": "*rĕʾēh-ʾôyĕḇay kî-rābbû wĕśinʾaṯ ḥāmās śĕnēʾûnî*", "grammar": { "*rĕʾēh*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - 'see/look'", "*ʾôyĕḇay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my enemies'", "*kî-rābbû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'for they are many'", "*wĕśinʾaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - 'and hatred of'", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - 'violence'", "*śĕnēʾûnî*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'they hate me'" }, "variants": { "*ʾôyĕḇay*": "my enemies/my adversaries/my foes", "*rābbû*": "they are many/they are numerous/they have increased", "*śinʾaṯ*": "hatred/enmity/animosity", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty", "*śĕnēʾûnî*": "they hate me/they are hostile to me/they detest me" } }
• Exod 20:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.16", "source": "לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăneh ḇə-rēʿăḵā ʿēḏ shāqer*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăneh*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not answer/testify", "*ḇə-rēʿăḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against your neighbor", "*ʿēḏ*": "masculine singular noun - witness", "*shāqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood" }, "variants": { "*ṯaʿăneh*": "answer/testify/respond", "*rēʿăḵā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your fellow", "*ʿēḏ shāqer*": "false witness/lying testimony/deceptive evidence" } }
• Acts 26:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Acts.26.11", "source": "Καὶ κατὰ πάσας τὰς συναγωγὰς πολλάκις τιμωρῶν αὐτούς, ἠνάγκαζον βλασφημεῖν· περισσῶς τε ἐμμαινόμενος αὐτοῖς, ἐδίωκον ἕως καὶ εἰς τὰς ἔξω πόλεις.", "text": "And *kata* all the *synagōgas* *pollakis* *timōrōn* them, I *ēnankazon* to *blasphēmein*; *perissōs* *te* being *emmainomenos* against them, I *ediōkon* even *heōs* the outside *poleis*.", "grammar": { "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - throughout/among", "*synagōgas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - synagogues", "*pollakis*": "adverb - often/frequently", "*timōrōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - punishing", "*ēnankazon*": "imperfect active, 1st singular - I was compelling", "*blasphēmein*": "present active infinitive - to blaspheme", "*perissōs*": "adverb - exceedingly/beyond measure", "*te*": "conjunction - and/also", "*emmainomenos*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being enraged", "*ediōkon*": "imperfect active, 1st singular - I was persecuting", "*heōs*": "preposition - as far as/even to", "*poleis*": "accusative, feminine, plural - cities" }, "variants": { "*kata*": "throughout/in/among", "*synagōgas*": "synagogues/assemblies", "*pollakis*": "often/frequently/many times", "*timōrōn*": "punishing/tormenting", "*ēnankazon*": "I was compelling/forcing/urging", "*blasphēmein*": "to blaspheme/to speak impiously", "*perissōs*": "exceedingly/beyond measure/abundantly", "*emmainomenos*": "being enraged/being furious/being mad against", "*ediōkon*": "I was persecuting/pursuing/harassing", "*heōs*": "as far as/even to", "*poleis*": "cities/towns" } }