Psalms 31:20

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.31.20", "source": "מָ֤ה רַֽב־טוּבְךָ֮ אֲשֶׁר־צָפַ֢נְתָּ לִּֽירֵ֫אֶ֥יךָ פָּ֭עַלְתָּ לַחֹסִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ נֶ֝֗גֶד בְּנֵ֣י אָדָם׃", "text": "How *rab*-*ṭûbəkā* which-*ṣāpantā* to-*yîrēʾêkā*; *pāʿaltā* to-the-*ḥōsîm* in-you before *bənê* *ʾādām*", "grammar": { "*rab*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/much", "*ṭûbəkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your goodness", "*ṣāpantā*": "verb, perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have stored up", "*yîrēʾêkā*": "verb, participle masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - those fearing you", "*pāʿaltā*": "verb, perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have worked/done", "*ḥōsîm*": "verb, participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones taking refuge", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/Adam" }, "variants": { "*rab*": "great/abundant/much", "*ṭûbəkā*": "your goodness/benefit/blessing", "*ṣāpantā*": "stored up/treasured/hidden", "*yîrēʾêkā*": "those who fear you/revere you/respect you", "*pāʿaltā*": "worked/done/accomplished", "*ḥōsîm*": "those taking refuge/seeking shelter/trusting" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מָ֤ה רַֽב־טוּבְךָ֮ אֲשֶׁר־צָפַ֢נְתָּ לִּֽירֵ֫אֶ֥יךָ פָּ֭עַלְתָּ לַחֹסִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ נֶ֝֗גֶד בְּנֵ֣י אָדָם׃

Transliteration

How rab-ṭûbəkā which-ṣāpantā to-yîrēʾêkā; pāʿaltā to-the-ḥōsîm in-you before bənê ʾādām

Grammar Details

• *rab*: adjective, masculine singular - great/much
• *ṭûbəkā*: noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your goodness
• *ṣāpantā*: verb, perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have stored up
• *yîrēʾêkā*: verb, participle masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - those fearing you
• *pāʿaltā*: verb, perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have worked/done
• *ḥōsîm*: verb, participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones taking refuge
• *bənê*: noun, masculine plural construct - sons of
• *ʾādām*: noun, masculine singular - mankind/Adam

Word Meanings

• *rab*: great/abundant/much
• *ṭûbəkā*: your goodness/benefit/blessing
• *ṣāpantā*: stored up/treasured/hidden
• *yîrēʾêkā*: those who fear you/revere you/respect you
• *pāʿaltā*: worked/done/accomplished
• *ḥōsîm*: those taking refuge/seeking shelter/trusting

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  How abundant is your goodness, which you have stored up for those who fear you and worked out for those who take refuge in you, in the presence of humanity.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  You shall hide them in the secret of your presence from the pride of man: you shall keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  In the covert of thy presence wilt thou hide them from the plottings of man: Thou wilt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Let the lyenge lippes be put to sylence, which cruelly, di?danedly & despitefully speake agaynst the rightuous.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou doest hide them priuily in thy presence from the pride of men: thou keepest them secretly in thy Tabernacle from the strife of tongues.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou hydest them priuily in thyne owne presence from the raginges of all men: thou kepest them secretly as in a tabernacle from the strife of tongues.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  In the shelter of your presence you will hide them from the plotting of man. You will keep them secretly in a dwelling away from the strife of tongues.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thou hast wrought for those trusting in Thee, Before sons of men. Thou hidest them in the secret place of Thy presence, From artifices of man, Thou concealest them in a tabernacle, From the strife of tongues.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In the covert of thy presence wilt thou hide them from the plottings of man: Thou wilt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In the covert of thy presence wilt thou hide them from the plottings of man: Thou wilt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  You will keep them safe in your house from the designs of man; in the secret of your tent will you keep them from angry tongues.

• World English Bible (2000)

  In the shelter of your presence you will hide them from the plotting of man. You will keep them secretly in a dwelling away from the strife of tongues.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  You hide them with you, where they are safe from the attacks of men; you conceal them in a shelter, where they are safe from slanderous attacks.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 27:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.5", "source": "כִּ֤י יִצְפְּנֵ֨נִי ׀ בְּסֻכֹּה֮ בְּי֢וֹם רָ֫עָ֥ה יַ֭סְתִּרֵנִי בְּסֵ֣תֶר אָהֳל֑וֹ בְּ֝צ֗וּר יְרוֹמְמֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*kî* *yiṣpənēnî* ׀ *bə-sukkōh* *bə-yôm* *rāʿâ* *yastîrēnî* *bə-sēter* *ʾāhŏlô* *bə-ṣûr* *yərômməmēnî*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yiṣpənēnî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - he will hide me", "*bə-sukkōh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - in his shelter", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in day of", "*rāʿâ*": "adjective feminine singular - evil/trouble", "*yastîrēnî*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - he will conceal me", "*bə-sēter*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in secret place of", "*ʾāhŏlô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his tent", "*bə-ṣûr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - on rock", "*yərômməmēnî*": "polel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - he will lift me high" }, "variants": { "*yiṣpənēnî*": "he will hide/conceal/protect me", "*sukkōh*": "shelter/pavilion/covering/booth", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/trouble/distress/calamity", "*yastîrēnî*": "he will conceal/hide/shelter me", "*sēter*": "secret place/hiding place/shelter/cover", "*ʾāhŏlô*": "his tent/tabernacle/dwelling", "*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/crag/stronghold", "*yərômməmēnî*": "he will lift me high/exalt me/set me securely" } }
• Ps 32:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.32.7", "source": "אַתָּ֤ה ׀ סֵ֥תֶר לִי֮ מִצַּ֢ר תִּצְּרֵ֥נִי רָנֵּ֥י פַלֵּ֑ט תְּס֖וֹבְבֵ֣נִי סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*ʾattâ* *sēter* *lî* *miṣṣar* *tiṣṣərēnî* *rānnê* *pallēṭ* *təsôḇḇēnî* *selâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*sēter*": "masculine singular noun - hiding place/shelter", "*lî*": "preposition *lə-* with 1st person singular suffix - for me", "*miṣṣar*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from trouble", "*tiṣṣərēnî*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you will preserve me", "*rānnê*": "feminine plural construct noun - songs of", "*pallēṭ*": "piel infinitive construct - deliverance/escape", "*təsôḇḇēnî*": "piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you will surround me", "*selâ*": "musical notation/pause" }, "variants": { "*sēter*": "hiding place/shelter/secret place", "*ṣar*": "trouble/distress/enemy", "*tiṣṣərēnî*": "you will preserve me/you will protect me/you will guard me", "*rānnê* *pallēṭ*": "songs of deliverance/shouts of deliverance/joy of rescue", "*təsôḇḇēnî*": "you will surround me/you will encompass me" } }
• Job 5:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Job.5.21", "source": "בְּשׁ֣וֹט לָ֭שׁוֹן תֵּחָבֵ֑א וְֽלֹא־תִירָ֥א מִ֝שֹּׁ֗ד כִּ֣י יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "in-*šōṭ* *lāšōn* *tēḥābēʾ* *wə*-not-*tîrāʾ* from-*šōd* *kî* *yābōʾ*", "grammar": { "*šōṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - scourge of", "*lāšōn*": "noun, feminine singular - tongue", "*tēḥābēʾ*": "Niphal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be hidden", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*tîrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will fear", "*šōd*": "noun, masculine singular - destruction/violence", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because", "*yābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come" }, "variants": { "*šōṭ*": "scourge/whip", "*lāšōn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*tēḥābēʾ*": "you will be hidden/protected/concealed", "*tîrāʾ*": "you will fear/be afraid", "*šōd*": "destruction/violence/devastation", "*yābōʾ*": "it will come/arrive" } }
• Ps 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.2", "source": "בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*bĕgaʾăwat* *rāšāʿ* *yidlaq* *ʿānî* *yittāpĕśû* *bimzimmôt* *zû* *ḥāšābû*", "grammar": { "*bĕgaʾăwat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - in pride of", "*rāšāʿ*": "noun masculine singular - wicked person", "*yidlaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he pursues/burns after", "*ʿānî*": "noun masculine singular - poor/afflicted person", "*yittāpĕśû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they are caught/seized", "*bimzimmôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in schemes/plots of", "*zû*": "demonstrative pronoun - this/that/which", "*ḥāšābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have devised/planned" }, "variants": { "*gaʾăwat*": "pride/arrogance/exaltation", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evildoer", "*yidlaq*": "pursue hotly/burn after/inflame", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble person", "*yittāpĕśû*": "be caught/seized/taken", "*mĕzimmôt*": "schemes/plots/devices", "*ḥāšābû*": "devise/plan/think" } }
• 1 Tim 6:4 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.6.4", "source": "Τετύφωται, μηδὲν ἐπιστάμενος, ἀλλὰ νοσῶν περὶ ζητήσεις καὶ λογομαχίας, ἐξ ὧν γίνεται φθόνος, ἔρις, βλασφημίαι, ὑπόνοιαι πονηραί,", "text": "He has been *tetyphōtai*, nothing *epistamenos*, but *nosōn* about *zētēseis kai logomachias*, out of which *ginetai phthonos*, *eris*, *blasphēmiai*, *hyponoiai ponērai*,", "grammar": { "*tetyphōtai*": "perfect indicative, 3rd person singular, passive - has been puffed up/conceited", "*mēden*": "negative adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - nothing", "*epistamenos*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular, middle - knowing/understanding", "*alla*": "conjunction, adversative - but", "*nosōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular, active - being sick/diseased/morbidly interested", "*peri*": "preposition - about/concerning", "*zētēseis*": "accusative, feminine, plural - questions/controversies/debates", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*logomachias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - word battles/quarrels about words", "*ex*": "preposition - out of/from", "*hōn*": "relative pronoun, genitive, feminine, plural - which", "*ginetai*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle/passive - comes/arises", "*phthonos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - envy/jealousy", "*eris*": "nominative, feminine, singular - strife/contention", "*blasphēmiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - blasphemies/slanders", "*hyponoiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - suspicions/evil thoughts", "*ponērai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - evil/wicked" }, "variants": { "*tetyphōtai*": "puffed up/conceited/clouded in thinking/proud", "*epistamenos*": "knowing/understanding/comprehending", "*nosōn*": "sick/diseased/obsessed/morbidly interested", "*zētēseis*": "questions/controversies/debates/speculations", "*logomachias*": "word battles/quarrels about words/verbal disputes", "*phthonos*": "envy/jealousy/spite", "*eris*": "strife/contention/quarreling", "*blasphēmiai*": "blasphemies/slanders/evil speaking", "*hyponoiai*": "suspicions/evil thoughts/malicious suspicions", "*ponērai*": "evil/wicked/malicious/harmful" } }
• Ps 140:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.140.5", "source": "שָׁמְרֵ֤נִי יְהוָ֨ה ׀ מִ֘ידֵ֤י רָשָׁ֗ע מֵאִ֣ישׁ חֲמָסִ֣ים תִּנְצְרֵ֑נִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָ֝שְׁב֗וּ לִדְח֥וֹת פְּעָמָֽי׃", "text": "*šāmrēnî* *YHWH* from-*yədê* *rāšāʿ* from-*ʾîš* *ḥămāsîm* *tinṣərēnî* *ʾăšer* *ḥāšəḇû* to-*diḥôt* *pəʿāmāy*", "grammar": { "*šāmrēnî*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - keep/guard me", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yədê*": "construct state of dual noun with prefixed preposition min (from) - hands of", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked/evil person", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition min (from) - man", "*ḥămāsîm*": "masculine plural noun - violences/violent acts", "*tinṣərēnî*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - preserve/protect me", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*ḥāšəḇû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they planned/devised", "*diḥôt*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition lamed (to) - to thrust away/trip", "*pəʿāmāy*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my steps/feet" }, "variants": { "*šāmrēnî*": "guard me/keep me/protect me", "*yədê*": "hands of/power of", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one/godless one", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*ḥămāsîm*": "violences/violent deeds/oppressions", "*tinṣərēnî*": "preserve me/protect me/guard me", "*ḥāšəḇû*": "they planned/they devised/they purposed", "*diḥôt*": "to overthrow/to trip/to push down", "*pəʿāmāy*": "my steps/my feet/my goings" } }
• Ps 36:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.36.11", "source": "מְשֹׁ֣ךְ חַ֭סְדְּךָ לְיֹדְעֶ֑יךָ וְ֝צִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ לְיִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃", "text": "*mᵊšōḵ* *ḥasdᵊḵā* to-*yōdᵊʿeḵā* and-*ṣidqātḵā* to-*yišrê*-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*mᵊšōḵ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - draw out/extend", "*ḥasdᵊḵā*": "masculine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix (your) - your lovingkindness", "*yōdᵊʿeḵā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix (your) and prefixed preposition לְ (to) - to those who know you", "*ṣidqātḵā*": "feminine, singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix (your) and prefixed conjunction וְ (and) - and your righteousness", "*yišrê*": "masculine, plural construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to) - to upright of", "*lēb*": "masculine, singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*mᵊšōḵ*": "draw out/extend/continue", "*ḥasdᵊḵā*": "your lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*yōdᵊʿeḵā*": "those who know you/acknowledge you", "*ṣidqātḵā*": "your righteousness/justice", "*yišrê*": "upright of/straightforward", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person" } }
• Ps 40:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.40.4", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֬ן בְּפִ֨י ׀ שִׁ֥יר חָדָשׁ֮ תְּהִלָּ֢ה לֵֽאלֹ֫הֵ֥ינוּ יִרְא֣וּ רַבִּ֣ים וְיִירָ֑אוּ וְ֝יִבְטְח֗וּ בַּיהוָֽה", "text": "*Wayyittēn* in my *pî* *šîr ḥādāš*, *təhillâ* to our *ʾĕlōhênû*. *Yirʾû rabbîm wəyîrāʾû*, *wəyibṭəḥû* in *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Wayyittēn*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he put/placed'", "*pî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my mouth'", "*šîr ḥādāš*": "masculine noun + masculine adjective - 'new song'", "*təhillâ*": "feminine noun - 'praise'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural possessive suffix - 'our God'", "*Yirʾû rabbîm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + masculine adjective - 'many will see'", "*wəyîrāʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction - 'and will fear'", "*wəyibṭəḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction - 'and will trust'", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name with preposition bet - 'in the LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šîr ḥādāš*": "new song/fresh song", "*təhillâ*": "praise/song of praise/hymn", "*Yirʾû*": "they will see/they will perceive/they will observe", "*wəyîrāʾû*": "and they will fear/and they will be in awe/and they will reverence", "*wəyibṭəḥû*": "and they will trust/and they will rely on/and they will place confidence in" } }
• Ps 64:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.64.2", "source": "שְׁמַע־אֱלֹהִ֣ים קוֹלִ֣י בְשִׂיחִ֑י מִפַּ֥חַד א֝וֹיֵ֗ב תִּצֹּ֥ר חַיָּֽי׃", "text": "*šəmaʿ*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *qôlî* in-*śîḥî* from-*paḥad* *ʾôyēb* *tiṣṣōr* *ḥayyāy*", "grammar": { "*šəmaʿ*": "imperative verb, masculine singular - hear", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, treated as singular - God", "*qôlî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my voice", "*śîḥî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix, prefixed preposition bet (in) - my complaint/meditation", "*paḥad*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition min (from) - fear/terror/dread", "*ʾôyēb*": "masculine singular participle functioning as noun - enemy", "*tiṣṣōr*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - you will preserve/protect", "*ḥayyāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my life" }, "variants": { "*śîḥî*": "complaint/meditation/prayer/concern", "*tiṣṣōr*": "guard/protect/preserve", "*ḥayyāy*": "my life/my soul" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.64.3", "source": "תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי מִסּ֣וֹד מְרֵעִ֑ים מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "*tastîrēnî* from-*sôd* *mərēʿîm* from-*rigšat* *pōʿălê* *ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*tastîrēnî*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular object suffix - you will hide me", "*sôd*": "masculine singular construct noun with prefixed preposition min (from) - council/assembly of", "*mərēʿîm*": "masculine plural participle functioning as noun - evildoers", "*rigšat*": "feminine singular construct noun with prefixed preposition min (from) - tumult/conspiracy of", "*pōʿălê*": "masculine plural construct noun - workers of", "*ʾāwen*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity/wickedness" }, "variants": { "*sôd*": "secret counsel/assembly/council/gathering", "*mərēʿîm*": "evildoers/those who do evil", "*rigšat*": "tumult/throng/conspiracy/noisy crowd", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble/sorrow" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.64.4", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁנְנ֣וּ כַחֶ֣רֶב לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם דָּרְכ֥וּ חִ֝צָּ֗ם דָּבָ֥ר מָֽר׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* *šānənû* like-the-*ḥereb* *ləšônām* *dārəḵû* *ḥiṣṣām* *dābār* *mār*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*šānənû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person plural - they have sharpened", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition kaf (like/as) - sword", "*ləšônām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural possessive suffix - their tongue", "*dārəḵû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person plural - they have bent/drawn", "*ḥiṣṣām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural possessive suffix - their arrow", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing", "*mār*": "masculine singular adjective - bitter" }, "variants": { "*šānənû*": "sharpened/whetted", "*dārəḵû*": "bent/drawn/aimed/strung", "*dābār*": "word/speech/thing/matter", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/poisonous" } }
• Ps 86:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.86.14", "source": "אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ זֵ֘דִ֤ים קָֽמוּ־עָלַ֗י וַעֲדַ֣ת עָ֭רִיצִים בִּקְשׁ֣וּ נַפְשִׁ֑י וְלֹ֖א שָׂמ֣וּךָ לְנֶגְדָּֽם", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* *zēdîm* *qāmû*-*ʿālay* *waʿădat* *ʿārîṣîm* *biqqᵉšû* *napšî* *wᵉlōʾ* *śāmûkā* *lᵉnegdām*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God", "*zēdîm*": "adjective masculine plural - insolent/proud", "*qāmû*-*ʿālay*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, qal + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - they have risen against me", "*waʿădat*": "conjunction + noun construct - and assembly of", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective masculine plural - violent/ruthless", "*biqqᵉšû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they have sought", "*napšî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*wᵉlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*śāmûkā*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, qal + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they have set you", "*lᵉnegdām*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - before them" }, "variants": { "*zēdîm*": "insolent ones/proud ones/arrogant ones", "*qāmû*": "they have risen/they have stood up/they have attacked", "*ʿēdâ*": "assembly/congregation/company", "*ʿārîṣîm*": "violent ones/ruthless ones/terrifying ones/tyrants", "*biqqēš*": "sought/looked for/tried to find", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/person/self", "*śîm*": "set/place/put", "*neged*": "before/in front of/in the presence of" } }
• Ps 91:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.91.1", "source": "יֹ֭שֵׁב בְּסֵ֣תֶר עֶלְי֑וֹן בְּצֵ֥ל שַׁ֝דַּ֗י יִתְלוֹנָֽן׃", "text": "*yōšēb* in *sēter* of *ʿelyōn* in *ṣēl* of *šadday* *yitlōnān*", "grammar": { "*yōšēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dwelling/sitting/remaining", "*sēter*": "masculine singular construct - secret place/hiding place/covering", "*ʿelyōn*": "masculine singular adjective - Most High", "*ṣēl*": "masculine singular construct - shadow/shade", "*šadday*": "divine name - Almighty", "*yitlōnān*": "Hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - lodges/stays overnight/abides" }, "variants": { "*yōšēb*": "one who dwells/sits/remains/abides", "*sēter*": "secret place/hiding place/shelter/covering", "*ʿelyōn*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme (divine title)", "*ṣēl*": "shadow/shade/protection", "*šadday*": "Almighty/All-sufficient One (divine name)", "*yitlōnān*": "lodges/stays overnight/abides/finds shelter" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.91.2", "source": "אֹמַ֗ר לַֽ֭יהוָה מַחְסִ֣י וּמְצוּדָתִ֑י אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י אֶבְטַח־בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾōmar* to *YHWH*, \"*maḥsî* and *mĕṣûdātî* *ʾĕlōhay* *ʾebṭaḥ*-in him.\"", "grammar": { "*ʾōmar*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will say/I say", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*maḥsî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my refuge", "*mĕṣûdātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my fortress", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*ʾebṭaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will trust" }, "variants": { "*ʾōmar*": "I say/I will say/I am saying", "*maḥsî*": "my refuge/my shelter/my place of protection", "*mĕṣûdātî*": "my fortress/my stronghold/my defensive position", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my God/my Deity", "*ʾebṭaḥ*": "I will trust/I place confidence/I rely" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.91.3", "source": "כִּ֤י ה֣וּא יַ֭צִּֽילְךָ מִפַּ֥ח יָק֗וּשׁ מִדֶּ֥בֶר הַוּֽוֹת׃", "text": "For *hûʾ* *yaṣṣîlĕkā* from *paḥ yāqûš*, from *deber hawwôt*.", "grammar": { "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*yaṣṣîlĕkā*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you", "*paḥ*": "masculine singular construct - snare/trap", "*yāqûš*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - fowler/trapper", "*deber*": "masculine singular construct - pestilence/plague", "*hawwôt*": "feminine plural noun - destruction/calamities" }, "variants": { "*yaṣṣîlĕkā*": "he will deliver you/rescue you/save you", "*paḥ yāqûš*": "snare of the fowler/trap of the hunter", "*deber*": "pestilence/plague/deadly disease", "*hawwôt*": "destructions/calamities/ruinous conditions/deadly plagues" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.91.4", "source": "בְּאֶבְרָת֨וֹ ׀ יָ֣סֶךְ לָ֭ךְ וְתַֽחַת־כְּנָפָ֣יו תֶּחְסֶ֑ה צִנָּ֖ה וְֽסֹחֵרָ֣ה אֲמִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "With *ʾebrātô* *yāsek* for you and under *kĕnāpāyw* *teḥseh*; *ṣinnâ* and *sōḥērâ* *ʾămittô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾebrātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pinion/wing", "*yāsek*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will cover", "*kĕnāpāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wings", "*teḥseh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will take refuge", "*ṣinnâ*": "feminine singular noun - shield/large shield", "*sōḥērâ*": "feminine singular noun - buckler/small shield", "*ʾămittô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*ʾebrātô*": "his pinion/his feathers/his wing", "*yāsek*": "he will cover/he will shield/he will protect", "*kĕnāpāyw*": "his wings/his protection", "*teḥseh*": "you will take refuge/you will find shelter/you will seek protection", "*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/full body shield", "*sōḥērâ*": "buckler/small shield/surrounding protection", "*ʾămittô*": "his truth/his faithfulness/his reliability" } }
• Jas 3:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "James.3.14", "source": "Εἰ δὲ ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν, μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε, καὶ ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας.", "text": "If *de* *zēlon* *pikron* you *echete* and *eritheian* in the *kardia* of you, *mē* *katakauchāsthe*, and *pseudesthe* against the *alētheias*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*zēlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*pikron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - bitter", "*echete*": "present indicative, active, 2nd plural - you have", "*eritheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*katakauchāsthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - boast/glory", "*pseudesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd plural - lie/speak falsely", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth" }, "variants": { "*zēlon*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*pikron*": "bitter/harsh", "*eritheian*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*katakauchāsthe*": "boast/glory/pride yourselves", "*pseudesthe*": "lie/speak falsely/deceive", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality" } } 15 { "verseID": "James.3.15", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη, ἀλλʼ ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης.", "text": "Not *estin* this the *sophia* from *anōthen* *katerchomenē*, but *epigeios*, *psychikē*, *daimoniōdēs*.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*sophia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*anōthen*": "adverb - from above/from the beginning", "*katerchomenē*": "present participle, middle, nominative, feminine, singular - coming down", "*epigeios*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earthly/worldly", "*psychikē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - natural/unspiritual", "*daimoniōdēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - demonic" }, "variants": { "*sophia*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*anōthen*": "from above/from heaven/from God", "*katerchomenē*": "coming down/descending", "*epigeios*": "earthly/worldly/terrestrial", "*psychikē*": "natural/unspiritual/belonging to the soul", "*daimoniōdēs*": "demonic/devilish/inspired by demons" } } 16 { "verseID": "James.3.16", "source": "Ὅπου γὰρ ζῆλος καὶ ἐριθεία, ἐκεῖ ἀκαταστασία καὶ πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα.", "text": "Where *gar* *zēlos* and *eritheia*, there *akatastasia* and every *phaulon* *pragma*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*zēlos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - jealousy/zeal", "*eritheia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - selfish ambition/rivalry", "*akatastasia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - disorder/confusion", "*phaulon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - worthless/evil", "*pragma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - thing/deed/matter" }, "variants": { "*zēlos*": "jealousy/zeal/envy", "*eritheia*": "selfish ambition/rivalry/strife", "*akatastasia*": "disorder/confusion/instability", "*phaulon*": "worthless/evil/base/vile", "*pragma*": "thing/deed/matter/practice" } }
• Jas 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "James.4.6", "source": "Μείζονα δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν. Διὸ λέγει, Ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν.", "text": "*Meizona de didōsin charin*. Therefore it *legei*, The *Theos hyperēphanois antitassetai*, to *tapeinois de didōsin charin*.", "grammar": { "*Meizona*": "accusative, feminine/masculine/neuter, singular, comparative - greater", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*didōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives/grants", "*charin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - grace/favor", "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says/speaks", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*hyperēphanois*": "dative, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant", "*antitassetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - opposes/resists", "*tapeinois*": "dative, masculine, plural - humble/lowly", "*didōsin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - gives/grants" }, "variants": { "*Meizona*": "greater/larger/more", "*didōsin*": "gives/grants/bestows", "*charin*": "grace/favor/kindness", "*legei*": "says/speaks/tells", "*hyperēphanois*": "proud/arrogant/haughty", "*antitassetai*": "opposes/resists/sets himself against", "*tapeinois*": "humble/lowly/poor" } }
• Exod 18:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.18.11", "source": "עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל יְהוָ֖ה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י בַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָד֖וּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Now *yādaʿtî* that-*gādôl* *YHWH* from-all-*hāʾĕlōhîm* for in-*haddābār* which *zādû* against-them", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I know", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the gods/divine beings", "*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the thing/matter", "*zādû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they acted presumptuously/proudly" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/greater/greatest", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "the gods/divine beings/mighty ones", "*haddābār*": "the matter/thing/affair", "*zādû*": "they acted presumptuously/acted proudly/were arrogant/dealt arrogantly" } }
• Ps 124:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.124.5", "source": "אֲ֭זַי עָבַ֣ר עַל־נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ הַ֝מַּ֗יִם הַזֵּֽידוֹנִֽים׃", "text": "then *ʿābar* over *napšēnû* the *mayim* the *zêdônîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾăzay*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*ʿābar*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - passed over", "*ʿal-napšēnû*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 1st person plural suffix - over our soul", "*hammayim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the waters", "*hazzêdônîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the proud/raging" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar ʿal-napšēnû*": "passed over our soul/life/overwhelmed our being", "*mayim hazzêdônîm*": "proud waters/raging waters/arrogant floods" } }
• Ps 140:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.140.3", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֤ר חָשְׁב֣וּ רָע֣וֹת בְּלֵ֑ב כָּל־י֝֗וֹם יָג֥וּרוּ מִלְחָמֽוֹת׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* *ḥāšəḇû* *rāʿôt* in-*lēḇ* all-*yôm* *yāgûrû* *milḥāmôt*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*ḥāšəḇû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural verb - they devised/planned", "*rāʿôt*": "feminine plural noun - evils/evil things", "*lēḇ*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition bet (in) - heart", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed kol (all/every) - day", "*yāgûrû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural verb - they stir up/gather", "*milḥāmôt*": "feminine plural noun - wars/battles" }, "variants": { "*ḥāšəḇû*": "they planned/they devised/they imagined", "*rāʿôt*": "evils/wickedness/evil things", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*yāgûrû*": "they stir up/they gather/they incite", "*milḥāmôt*": "wars/battles/conflicts" } }
• Rom 13:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Romans.13.13", "source": "Ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ· Εὐσχημόνως περιπατήσωμεν, μὴ κώμοις καὶ μέθαις, μὴ κοίταις καὶ ἀσελγείαις, μὴ ἔριδι καὶ ζήλῳ.", "text": "As in *hēmera*; *Euschēmonōs peripatēsōmen*, not in *kōmois* and *methais*, not in *koitais* and *aselgeiais*, not in *eridi* and *zēlō*.", "grammar": { "*hēmera*": "dative, feminine, singular - day", "*Euschēmonōs*": "adverb - properly/decently", "*peripatēsōmen*": "aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural - let us walk", "*kōmois*": "dative, masculine, plural - revelries/carousing", "*methais*": "dative, feminine, plural - drunkenness", "*koitais*": "dative, feminine, plural - beds/sexual immorality", "*aselgeiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - sensuality/debauchery", "*eridi*": "dative, feminine, singular - strife/quarreling", "*zēlō*": "dative, masculine, singular - jealousy/envy" }, "variants": { "*hēmera*": "day/daylight", "*Euschēmonōs*": "properly/decently/becomingly", "*peripatēsōmen*": "let us walk/conduct ourselves", "*kōmois*": "revelries/carousing/orgies", "*methais*": "drunkenness/intoxication", "*koitais*": "sexual immorality/illicit sexual activities/beds", "*aselgeiais*": "sensuality/debauchery/licentiousness", "*eridi*": "strife/quarreling/contention", "*zēlō*": "jealousy/envy/rivalry" } }
• Jas 3:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "James.3.5", "source": "Οὕτως Καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα μικρὸν μέλος ἐστὶν, καὶ μεγάλαυχεῖ. Ἰδοὺ, ὀλίγον πῦρ ἡλίκην ὕλην ἀνάπτει!", "text": "*Houtōs* also the *glōssa* *mikron* *melos* *estin*, and *megalaucheī*. *Idou*, *oligon* *pyr* how great *hylēn* *anaptei*!", "grammar": { "*Houtōs*": "adverb - thus/in this manner", "*glōssa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - tongue", "*mikron*": "nominative, neuter, singular - small/little", "*melos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - member/part", "*estin*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - is", "*megalaucheī*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - boasts greatly", "*Idou*": "aorist imperative, middle, 2nd singular - behold/look", "*oligon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - small/little", "*pyr*": "nominative, neuter, singular - fire", "*hylēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - forest/wood/matter", "*anaptei*": "present indicative, active, 3rd singular - kindles/sets on fire" }, "variants": { "*glōssa*": "tongue/language", "*melos*": "member/limb/part", "*megalaucheī*": "boasts greatly/speaks arrogantly", "*hylēn*": "forest/wood/material", "*anaptei*": "kindles/sets ablaze/ignites" } } 6 { "verseID": "James.3.6", "source": "Καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ, ὁ κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας: οὕτως ἡ γλῶσσα καθίσταται ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν, ἡ σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα, καὶ φλογίζουσα τὸν τροχὸν τῆς γενέσεως· καὶ φλογιζομένη ὑπὸ τῆς γεέννης.", "text": "And the *glōssa* *pyr*, the *kosmos* of the *adikias*: *houtōs* the *glōssa* *kathistatai* in the *melesin* of us, the *spilousa* *holon* the *sōma*, and *phlogizousa* the *trochon* of the *geneseōs*; and being *phlogizomenē* by the *geennēs*.", "grammar": { "*glōssa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - tongue", "*pyr*": "nominative, neuter, singular - fire", "*kosmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - world/order/system", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - unrighteousness/iniquity", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/in this manner", "*kathistatai*": "present indicative, middle/passive, 3rd singular - is set/established", "*melesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - members/parts", "*spilousa*": "present participle, active, nominative, feminine, singular - defiling/staining", "*holon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - whole/entire", "*sōma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - body", "*phlogizousa*": "present participle, active, nominative, feminine, singular - setting on fire", "*trochon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wheel/course", "*geneseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - origin/birth/existence", "*phlogizomenē*": "present participle, passive, nominative, feminine, singular - being set on fire", "*geennēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hell/Gehenna" }, "variants": { "*kosmos*": "world/order/system/universe", "*adikias*": "unrighteousness/iniquity/wickedness", "*kathistatai*": "is set/established/placed/appointed", "*spilousa*": "defiling/staining/polluting", "*phlogizousa*": "setting on fire/inflaming", "*trochon*": "wheel/course/circle", "*geneseōs*": "birth/origin/existence/life", "*geennēs*": "hell/Gehenna" } }
• 2 Cor 12:20 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.12.20", "source": "Φοβοῦμαι γὰρ, μή πως, ἐλθὼν, οὐχ οἵους θέλω εὕρω ὑμᾶς, κἀγὼ εὑρεθῶ ὑμῖν οἷον οὐ θέλετε: μή πως ἔρεις, ζῆλοι, θυμοί, ἐριθείαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι:", "text": "I *phoboumai* for, *mē pōs*, having *elthōn*, not such as I *thelō eurō* you, and I *heurethō* to you such as not you *thelete*: *mē pōs* *ereis*, *zēloi*, *thymoi*, *eritheiai*, *katalaliai*, *psithyrismoi*, *physiōseis*, *akatastasiai*:", "grammar": { "*phoboumai*": "present indicative, middle/passive, 1st singular - I fear", "*mē pōs*": "negative particle with indefinite adverb - lest somehow", "*elthōn*": "aorist participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - having come", "*thelō*": "present indicative, active, 1st singular - I wish/want", "*eurō*": "aorist subjunctive, active, 1st singular - I might find", "*heurethō*": "aorist subjunctive, passive, 1st singular - I might be found", "*thelete*": "present indicative, active, 2nd plural - you wish/want", "*ereis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - strifes/contentions", "*zēloi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - jealousies/rivalries", "*thymoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - outbursts of anger", "*eritheiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - selfish ambitions", "*katalaliai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - slanders/evil speakings", "*psithyrismoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - whisperings/secret slanders", "*physiōseis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - puffings up/conceits", "*akatastasiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - disorders/disturbances" }, "variants": { "*phoboumai*": "I fear/I am afraid", "*elthōn*": "having come/when I come", "*thelō*": "I wish/I want/I desire", "*eurō*": "I might find/I may find", "*heurethō*": "I might be found/I may be found", "*ereis*": "strifes/contentions/quarrels", "*zēloi*": "jealousies/rivalries/envyings", "*thymoi*": "outbursts of anger/rages/furies", "*eritheiai*": "selfish ambitions/factions/rivalries", "*katalaliai*": "slanders/evil speakings/backbitings", "*psithyrismoi*": "whisperings/secret slanders/gossips", "*physiōseis*": "puffings up/conceits/inflations", "*akatastasiai*": "disorders/disturbances/tumults" } }
• Gal 5:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Galatians.5.20", "source": "Εἰδωλολατρεία, φαρμακεία, ἔχθραι, ἔρεις, ζῆλοι, θυμοί, ἐριθείαι, διχοστασίαι, αἱρέσεις,", "text": "*Eidōlolatreia, pharmakeia, echthrai, ereis, zēloi, thymoi, eritheiai, dichostasiai, haireseis*,", "grammar": { "*Eidōlolatreia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - idolatry", "*pharmakeia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - sorcery/witchcraft", "*echthrai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - enmities/hostilities", "*ereis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - strife/quarrels", "*zēloi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - jealousy/envy", "*thymoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - outbursts of anger/rage", "*eritheiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - selfish ambitions/rivalries", "*dichostasiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - dissensions/divisions", "*haireseis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - factions/sects" }, "variants": { "*Eidōlolatreia*": "idolatry/worship of idols", "*pharmakeia*": "sorcery/witchcraft/use of drugs", "*echthrai*": "enmities/hostilities/hatred", "*ereis*": "strife/quarrels/contention", "*zēloi*": "jealousy/envy/zealous rivalry", "*thymoi*": "outbursts of anger/rage/wrath", "*eritheiai*": "selfish ambitions/rivalries/contentions", "*dichostasiai*": "dissensions/divisions/standing apart", "*haireseis*": "factions/sects/parties/heresies" } }