Psalms 37:35

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.37.35", "source": "רָ֭אִיתִי רָשָׁ֣ע עָרִ֑יץ וּ֝מִתְעָרֶ֗ה כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃", "text": "I have *rāʾîtî rāšāʿ ʿārîṣ*, and *mitʿāreh* like *ʾezrāḥ raʿănān*.", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have seen", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked person", "*ʿārîṣ*": "masculine singular adjective - ruthless/terrifying/powerful", "*mitʿāreh*": "Hithpael participle, masculine singular - spreading himself", "*ʾezrāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - native tree/native", "*raʿănān*": "masculine singular adjective - luxuriant/flourishing" }, "variants": { "*rāšāʿ ʿārîṣ*": "ruthless wicked person/terrifying evil one/powerful evildoer", "*mitʿāreh*": "spreading himself/flourishing/extending", "*ʾezrāḥ raʿănān*": "luxuriant native tree/flourishing green tree/leafy indigenous plant" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

רָ֭אִיתִי רָשָׁ֣ע עָרִ֑יץ וּ֝מִתְעָרֶ֗ה כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃

Transliteration

I have rāʾîtî rāšāʿ ʿārîṣ, and mitʿāreh like ʾezrāḥ raʿănān.

Grammar Details

• *rāʾîtî*: Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have seen
• *rāšāʿ*: masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked person
• *ʿārîṣ*: masculine singular adjective - ruthless/terrifying/powerful
• *mitʿāreh*: Hithpael participle, masculine singular - spreading himself
• *ʾezrāḥ*: masculine singular noun - native tree/native
• *raʿănān*: masculine singular adjective - luxuriant/flourishing

Word Meanings

• *rāšāʿ ʿārîṣ*: ruthless wicked person/terrifying evil one/powerful evildoer
• *mitʿāreh*: spreading himself/flourishing/extending
• *ʾezrāḥ raʿănān*: luxuriant native tree/flourishing green tree/leafy indigenous plant

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  I have seen a wicked, ruthless man flourishing like a luxuriant native tree.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  I have seen the wicked in great power, And spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading{H8693)} himself like a green bay tree.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Hope thou in the LORDE, & kepe his waye: & he shal so promote the, that thou shalt haue the lode by enheritauce, & se, when the vngodly shall perishe.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  I haue seene the wicked strong, and spreading himselfe like a greene bay tree.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  I my selfe haue seene the vngodly in great power: and florishing lyke a greene bay tree.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, Spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  I have seen the wicked terrible, And spreading as a green native plant,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, And spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, And spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  I have seen the evil-doer in great power, covering the earth like a great tree.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I have seen the wicked in great power, spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  I have seen ruthless evil men growing in influence, like a green tree grows in its native soil.

Referenced Verses

• Job 5:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Job.5.3", "source": "אֲ‍ֽנִי־רָ֭אִיתִי אֱוִ֣יל מַשְׁרִ֑ישׁ וָאֶקּ֖וֹב נָוֵ֣הוּ פִתְאֹֽם׃", "text": "*ʾănî*-*rāʾîtî* *ʾĕwîl* *mašrîš* *wā*-*ʾeqqōb* *nāwēhû* *pitʾōm*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*rāʾîtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I saw", "*ʾĕwîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool", "*mašrîš*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - taking root/becoming established", "*wā*": "conjunction with consecutive imperfect - and", "*ʾeqqōb*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - I cursed/designated", "*nāwēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his habitation", "*pitʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕwîl*": "fool/foolish person", "*mašrîš*": "taking root/becoming established/prospering", "*ʾeqqōb*": "cursed/marked/designated as cursed", "*nāwēhû*": "his habitation/dwelling place", "*pitʾōm*": "suddenly/instantly" } }
• Job 8:13-19 : 13 { "verseID": "Job.8.13", "source": "כֵּ֗ן אָ֭רְחוֹת כָּל־שֹׁ֣כְחֵי אֵ֑ל וְתִקְוַ֖ת חָנֵ֣ף תֹּאבֵֽד׃", "text": "So *kēn ʾorḥôt kol-šōḵĕḥê ʾēl wĕ-tiqwat ḥānēp tōʾbēd*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*ʾorḥôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - paths/ways of", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*šōḵĕḥê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - ones forgetting", "*ʾēl*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*wĕ-tiqwat*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular construct - and hope of", "*ḥānēp*": "adjective masculine singular - godless/profane", "*tōʾbēd*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - perishes/is destroyed" }, "variants": { "*ʾorḥôt*": "paths/ways/courses", "*šōḵĕḥê*": "ones forgetting/forgetting ones/those who forget", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity", "*tiqwat*": "hope/expectation", "*ḥānēp*": "godless/profane/impious", "*tōʾbēd*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.8.14", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־יָק֥וֹט כִּסְל֑וֹ וּבֵ֥ית עַ֝כָּבִ֗‪[t]‬ישׁ מִבְטַחֽוֹ׃", "text": "Whose *yāqôṭ kislô û-bêt ʿakkābîš mibṭaḥô*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whose/which", "*yāqôṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is cut off", "*kislô*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his confidence", "*û-bêt*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and house of", "*ʿakkābîš*": "noun masculine singular - spider", "*mibṭaḥô*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his trust" }, "variants": { "*yāqôṭ*": "cut off/break off", "*kesel*": "confidence/folly/hope", "*bêt*": "house/dwelling/home", "*ʿakkābîš*": "spider/spider's web", "*mibṭaḥ*": "trust/confidence/security" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.8.15", "source": "יִשָּׁעֵ֣ן עַל־בֵּ֭יתוֹ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֑ד יַחֲזִ֥יק בּ֝֗וֹ וְלֹ֣א יָקֽוּם׃", "text": "*yiššāʿēn ʿal-bêtô wĕ-lōʾ yaʿămōd yaḥăzîq bô wĕ-lōʾ yāqûm*", "grammar": { "*yiššāʿēn*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leans", "*ʿal-bêtô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon his house", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - but not", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it stands/remains", "*yaḥăzîq*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he grasps/holds", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to it", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - but not", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it stands/rises" }, "variants": { "*yiššāʿēn*": "lean/rely/support oneself", "*bêt*": "house/home/household", "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/remain/endure", "*yaḥăzîq*": "grasp/hold fast/strengthen", "*yāqûm*": "stand/arise/endure" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.8.16", "source": "רָטֹ֣ב ה֭וּא לִפְנֵי־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְעַ֥ל גַּ֝נָּת֗וֹ יֹֽנַקְתּ֥וֹ תֵצֵֽא׃", "text": "*rāṭōb hûʾ lipnê-šāmeš wĕ-ʿal gannātô yōnaqtô tēṣēʾ*", "grammar": { "*rāṭōb*": "adjective masculine singular - moist/fresh/green", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - he/it", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before", "*šāmeš*": "noun feminine singular - sun", "*wĕ-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*gannātô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garden", "*yōnaqtô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his shoot", "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - goes out/springs forth" }, "variants": { "*rāṭōb*": "moist/fresh/green", "*lipnê*": "before/in the presence of", "*šāmeš*": "sun/sunlight", "*gannāh*": "garden/orchard", "*yōneqet*": "shoot/young branch/sucker", "*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/come forth/emerge" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.8.17", "source": "עַל־גַּ֭ל שָֽׁרָשָׁ֣יו יְסֻבָּ֑כוּ בֵּ֖ית אֲבָנִ֣ים יֶחֱזֶֽה׃", "text": "Over *gal šārāšāyw yĕsubbāḵû bêt ʾăbānîm yeḥĕzeh*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-gal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - over heap of", "*šārāšāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his roots", "*yĕsubbāḵû*": "pual imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they are entwined", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun feminine plural - stones", "*yeḥĕzeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it sees/perceives" }, "variants": { "*gal*": "heap/spring/wave", "*šōreš*": "root/base/bottom", "*yĕsubbāḵû*": "be entwined/be interwoven/be intertwined", "*bêt*": "house/place/dwelling", "*ʾeben*": "stone/rock", "*yeḥĕzeh*": "see/behold/look upon" } } 18 { "verseID": "Job.8.18", "source": "אִם־יְבַלְּעֶ֥נּוּ מִמְּקוֹמ֑וֹ וְכִ֥חֶשׁ בּ֝֗וֹ לֹ֣א רְאִיתִֽיךָ׃", "text": "If *yĕballĕʿennû mimmĕqômô wĕ-ḵiḥeš bô lōʾ rĕʾîtîḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yĕballĕʿennû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it swallows/destroys him", "*mimmĕqômô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his place", "*wĕ-ḵiḥeš*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it denies/disowns", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*rĕʾîtîḵā*": "qal perfect 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have seen you" }, "variants": { "*yĕballĕʿennû*": "swallow/destroy/devour", "*māqôm*": "place/spot/site", "*kiḥēš*": "deny/disown/deceive", "*rāʾāh*": "see/perceive/experience" } } 19 { "verseID": "Job.8.19", "source": "הֶן־ה֭וּא מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּ֝מֵעָפָ֗ר אַחֵ֥ר יִצְמָֽחוּ׃", "text": "Behold *hûʾ mĕśôś darkô û-mēʿāpār ʾaḥēr yiṣmāḥû*", "grammar": { "*hen*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - this is", "*mĕśôś*": "noun masculine singular construct - joy of", "*darkô*": "noun common singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his way", "*û-mēʿāpār*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular - and from dust", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective masculine singular - other", "*yiṣmāḥû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will sprout/spring up" }, "variants": { "*mĕśôś*": "joy/exultation/rejoicing", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/journey", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/earth", "*ʾaḥēr*": "other/another/different", "*yiṣmāḥû*": "sprout/spring up/grow" } }
• Job 21:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Job.21.7", "source": "מַדּ֣וּעַ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִחְי֑וּ עָ֝תְק֗וּ גַּם־גָּ֥בְרוּ חָֽיִל׃", "text": "*maddûaʿ rəšāʿîm yiḥyû ʿātəqû gam-gābrû ḥāyil*", "grammar": { "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*rəšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yiḥyû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they live", "*ʿātəqû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they grow old", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*gābrû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they grow mighty", "*ḥāyil*": "noun masculine singular - power/wealth/strength" }, "variants": { "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty person", "*ḥāyâ*": "to live/exist", "*ʿāteq*": "to move/advance/grow old", "*gābar*": "to be strong/mighty/prevail", "*ḥāyil*": "strength/wealth/army/valor" } } 8 { "verseID": "Job.21.8", "source": "זַרְעָ֤ם נָכ֣וֹן לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם עִמָּ֑ם וְ֝צֶאֱצָאֵיהֶ֗ם לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*zarʿām nākôn lipnêhem ʿimmām wə-ṣeʾĕṣāʾêhem lə-ʿênêhem*", "grammar": { "*zarʿām*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their seed/offspring", "*nākôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - established/secure", "*lipnêhem*": "preposition + noun common plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - before them", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*wə-ṣeʾĕṣāʾêhem*": "conjunctive waw + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their descendants", "*lə-ʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - before their eyes" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*kûn*": "to be firm/established/prepared", "*pānîm*": "face/presence", "*ṣeʾĕṣāʾîm*": "offspring/descendants", "*ʿayin*": "eye/spring" } } 9 { "verseID": "Job.21.9", "source": "בָּתֵּיהֶ֣ם שָׁל֣וֹם מִפָּ֑חַד וְלֹ֤א שֵׁ֖בֶט אֱל֣וֹהַּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*bāttêhem šālôm mippāḥad wə-lōʾ šēbeṭ ʾĕlôah ʿălêhem*", "grammar": { "*bāttêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace/safety", "*mippāḥad*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - from fear/dread", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun masculine singular construct - rod/staff of", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them" }, "variants": { "*bayit*": "house/dwelling", "*šālôm*": "peace/safety/welfare/completeness", "*pāḥad*": "fear/dread/terror", "*šēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/scepter/tribe", "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.21.10", "source": "שׁוֹר֣וֹ עִ֭בַּר וְלֹ֣א יַגְעִ֑ל תְּפַלֵּ֥ט פָּ֝רָת֗וֹ וְלֹ֣א תְשַׁכֵּֽל׃", "text": "*šôrô ʿibbar wə-lōʾ yagʿil təpallēṭ pārātô wə-lōʾ təšakkēl*", "grammar": { "*šôrô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his bull", "*ʿibbar*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - impregnates/breeds", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*yagʿil*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - fails/aborts", "*təpallēṭ*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - delivers/gives birth", "*pārātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his cow", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*təšakkēl*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - miscarries/is bereaved" }, "variants": { "*šôr*": "bull/ox", "*ʿābar*": "to pass over/impregnate (in Piel)", "*gāʿal*": "to abhor/reject/fail (in Hiphil context)", "*pālaṭ*": "to escape/deliver (in Piel: give birth)", "*pārâ*": "cow/heifer", "*šākal*": "to be bereaved/miscarry" } } 11 { "verseID": "Job.21.11", "source": "יְשַׁלְּח֣וּ כַ֭צֹּאן עֲוִילֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝יַלְדֵיהֶ֗ם יְרַקֵּדֽוּן׃", "text": "*yəšalləḥû kaṣṣōʾn ʿăwîlêhem wə-yaldêhem yəraqqēdûn*", "grammar": { "*yəšalləḥû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they send out", "*kaṣṣōʾn*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - like the flock", "*ʿăwîlêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their young ones", "*wə-yaldêhem*": "conjunctive waw + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their children", "*yəraqqēdûn*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they skip about/dance" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "to send/let go/stretch out", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock", "*ʿăwîl*": "young child/boy", "*yeled*": "child/boy/youth", "*rāqad*": "to skip/dance" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.21.12", "source": "יִ֭שְׂאוּ כְּתֹ֣ף וְכִנּ֑וֹר וְ֝יִשְׂמְח֗וּ לְק֣וֹל עוּגָֽב׃", "text": "*yiśʾû kətōp wə-kinnôr wə-yiśməḥû lə-qôl ʿûgāb*", "grammar": { "*yiśʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they lift up/carry", "*kətōp*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - with timbrel/tambourine", "*wə-kinnôr*": "conjunctive waw + noun masculine singular - and lyre/harp", "*wə-yiśməḥû*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they rejoice", "*lə-qôl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to the sound of", "*ʿûgāb*": "noun masculine singular - flute/pipe" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾ*": "to lift/carry/take", "*tōp*": "timbrel/tambourine", "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp", "*śāmaḥ*": "to rejoice/be glad", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*ʿûgāb*": "flute/pipe/reed instrument" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.21.13", "source": "*יבלו **יְכַלּ֣וּ בַטּ֣וֹב יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וּ֝בְרֶ֗גַע שְׁא֣וֹל יֵחָֽתּוּ׃", "text": "*yəkallû baṭṭôb yəmêhem û-bəregaʿ šəʾôl yēḥāttû*", "grammar": { "*yəkallû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural (Ketiv: *yiblû*) - they spend/complete", "*baṭṭôb*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the good/prosperity", "*yəmêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their days", "*û-bəregaʿ*": "conjunctive waw + preposition + noun masculine singular - and in a moment", "*šəʾôl*": "noun feminine singular - Sheol/underworld", "*yēḥāttû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they descend/go down" }, "variants": { "*kālâ*": "to complete/finish/spend (Ketiv: *bālâ* - to wear out/consume)", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*regaʿ*": "moment/instant", "*šəʾôl*": "underworld/grave/death", "*ḥātat*": "to be broken/dismayed/go down" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.21.14", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לָ֭אֵל ס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְדַ֥עַת דְּ֝רָכֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א חָפָֽצְנוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərû lā-ʾēl sûr mimmennû wə-daʿat dərākêkā lōʾ ḥāpāṣnû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they say", "*lā-ʾēl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to God", "*sûr*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - depart/turn aside", "*mimmennû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - from us", "*wə-daʿat*": "conjunctive waw + noun feminine singular construct - and knowledge of", "*dərākêkā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ways", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāpāṣnû*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common plural - we desire" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "to say/speak/tell", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*sûr*": "to turn aside/depart", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/manner", "*ḥāpēṣ*": "to delight in/desire/please" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.21.15", "source": "מַה־שַׁדַּ֥י כִּֽי־נַֽעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ וּמַה־נּ֝וֹעִ֗יל כִּ֣י נִפְגַּע־בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mah-šadday kî-naʿabdennû û-mah-nôʿîl kî nipgaʿ-bô*", "grammar": { "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*šadday*": "noun masculine singular - Almighty", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*naʿabdennû*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - we should serve him", "*û-mah*": "conjunctive waw + interrogative pronoun - and what", "*nôʿîl*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person common plural - we should profit/gain", "*kî*": "conjunction - if/when", "*nipgaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common plural - we meet/encounter", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*šadday*": "Almighty/All-sufficient (divine name)", "*ʿābad*": "to work/serve", "*yāʿal*": "to gain/profit/avail", "*pāgaʿ*": "to meet/encounter/intercede/entreat" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.21.16", "source": "הֵ֤ן לֹ֣א בְיָדָ֣ם טוּבָ֑ם עֲצַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים רָ֣חֲקָה מֶֽנִּי׃", "text": "*hēn lōʾ bə-yādām ṭûbām ʿăṣat rəšāʿîm rāḥăqâ mennî*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/indeed", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bə-yādām*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their hand", "*ṭûbām*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their prosperity", "*ʿăṣat*": "noun feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones", "*rāḥăqâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is far", "*mennî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me" }, "variants": { "*yād*": "hand/power", "*ṭûb*": "goodness/prosperity/wealth", "*ʿēṣâ*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty person", "*rāḥaq*": "to be far/distant" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.21.17", "source": "כַּמָּ֤ה ׀ נֵר־רְשָׁ֘עִ֤ים יִדְעָ֗ךְ וְיָבֹ֣א עָלֵ֣ימוֹ אֵידָ֑ם חֲ֝בָלִ֗ים יְחַלֵּ֥ק בְּאַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kammâ nēr-rəšāʿîm yidʿāk wə-yābōʾ ʿālêmô ʾêdām ḥăbālîm yəḥallēq bə-ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*kammâ*": "interrogative adverb - how often", "*nēr*": "noun masculine singular construct - lamp of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yidʿāk*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is extinguished", "*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and comes", "*ʿālêmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (poetic form) - upon them", "*ʾêdām*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their calamity", "*ḥăbālîm*": "noun masculine plural - pains/pangs/destructions", "*yəḥallēq*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he distributes/apportions", "*bə-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his anger" }, "variants": { "*nēr*": "lamp/light", "*dāʿak*": "to be extinguished/go out", "*bôʾ*": "to come/go/enter", "*ʾêd*": "calamity/distress/destruction", "*ḥebel*": "pain/pang/destruction/cord", "*ḥālaq*": "to divide/apportion/distribute", "*ʾap*": "nose/anger/wrath" } }
• Ps 73:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.3", "source": "כִּֽי־קִ֭נֵּאתִי בַּֽהוֹלְלִ֑ים שְׁל֖וֹם רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֶרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "*Ki-kineti ba-holelim*; *shalom resha'im* *er'eh*.", "grammar": { "*Ki-kineti*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - for I was envious", "*ba-holelim*": "preposition + article + participle, poel masculine plural - at/against the boastful/arrogant ones", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular construct - prosperity/peace of", "*resha'im*": "noun, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*er'eh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I would see/I saw" }, "variants": { "*kineti*": "I was envious/jealous", "*holelim*": "boastful/arrogant/foolish ones", "*shalom*": "peace/prosperity/well-being", "*resha'im*": "wicked ones/evil-doers" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.4", "source": "כִּ֤י אֵ֖ין חַרְצֻבּ֥וֹת לְמוֹתָ֗ם וּבָרִ֥יא אוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*Ki eyn chartzubot le-motam*, *u-vari ulam*.", "grammar": { "*Ki eyn*": "conjunction + negative particle - for there are no", "*chartzubot*": "noun, feminine plural - pangs/bonds", "*le-motam*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to their death", "*u-vari*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and fat/healthy/strong", "*ulam*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their body/strength" }, "variants": { "*chartzubot*": "pangs/bonds/pains/torments", "*motam*": "their death/dying", "*vari*": "fat/healthy/robust/strong", "*ulam*": "their body/belly/strength/might" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.5", "source": "בַּעֲמַ֣ל אֱנ֣וֹשׁ אֵינֵ֑מוֹ וְעִם־אָ֝דָ֗ם לֹ֣א יְנֻגָּֽעוּ׃", "text": "*Ba'amal enosh eynemo*, *we-im-adam lo yenuga'u*.", "grammar": { "*Ba'amal*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in trouble of", "*enosh*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/man", "*eynemo*": "negative particle + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they are not", "*we-im-adam*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and with humanity/mankind", "*lo yenuga'u*": "negative particle + verb, pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are not stricken/afflicted" }, "variants": { "*amal*": "trouble/labor/toil/hardship", "*enosh*": "man/mankind/humanity (frail, mortal man)", "*eynemo*": "they are not (archaic form)", "*yenuga'u*": "they are stricken/afflicted/plagued" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.6", "source": "לָ֭כֵן עֲנָקַ֣תְמוֹ גַאֲוָ֑ה יַעֲטָף־שִׁ֝֗ית חָמָ֥ס לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*Lachen anaqatmo ga'awah*; *ya'ataf-shit chamas lamo*.", "grammar": { "*Lachen*": "conjunction - therefore", "*anaqatmo*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular + enclitic mem + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - it encircles them", "*ga'awah*": "noun, feminine singular - pride", "*ya'ataf*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it covers/wraps", "*shit*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garment of", "*chamas*": "noun, masculine singular - violence", "*lamo*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for them" }, "variants": { "*anaqatmo*": "necklace/chain/encircles them (unusual form, possibly from root for 'neck')", "*ga'awah*": "pride/arrogance/majesty", "*ya'ataf*": "covers/wraps/envelops", "*shit*": "garment/covering", "*chamas*": "violence/wrong/injustice", "*lamo*": "to them/for them (poetic form)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.7", "source": "יָ֭צָא מֵחֵ֣לֶב עֵינֵ֑מוֹ עָ֝בְר֗וּ מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת לֵבָֽב׃", "text": "*Yatza mechelev eynemo*; *avru maskiyot levav*.", "grammar": { "*Yatza*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - goes out/comes forth", "*mechelev*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from fat", "*eynemo*": "noun, common dual construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eye", "*avru*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they pass over/exceed", "*maskiyot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - imaginations/pictures of", "*levav*": "noun, masculine singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*yatza*": "goes out/protrudes/comes forth", "*chelev*": "fat/grease/richness", "*eynemo*": "their eye/their appearance", "*avru*": "they pass over/exceed/transgress", "*maskiyot*": "imaginations/pictures/thoughts/desires", "*levav*": "heart/mind/inner person" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.8", "source": "יָמִ֤יקוּ ׀ וִידַבְּר֣וּ בְרָ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁק מִמָּר֥וֹם יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃", "text": "*Yamiqu wida'bberu vera' 'osheq*; *mimmarom yedabberu*.", "grammar": { "*Yamiqu*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they mock/scoff", "*wida'bberu*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they speak", "*vera'*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in evil/with wickedness", "*'osheq*": "noun, masculine singular - oppression", "*mimmarom*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from height/loftily", "*yedabberu*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they speak" }, "variants": { "*yamiqu*": "they mock/scoff/deride (rare word, from root meaning 'to scoff')", "*dabber*": "speak/talk/utter", "*ra'*": "evil/wickedness/harm", "*'osheq*": "oppression/extortion/violence", "*marom*": "height/high place/loftily" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.9", "source": "שַׁתּ֣וּ בַשָּׁמַ֣יִם פִּיהֶ֑ם וּ֝לְשׁוֹנָ֗ם תִּֽהֲלַ֥ךְ בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Shattu vashamayim pihem*, *uleshownam tihalakh ba'aretz*.", "grammar": { "*Shattu*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they set/place", "*vashamayim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - in the heavens", "*pihem*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*uleshownam*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their tongue", "*tihalakh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it walks about/struts", "*ba'aretz*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the earth" }, "variants": { "*shattu*": "they set/place/put", "*shamayim*": "heavens/sky", "*peh*": "mouth/speech", "*lashon*": "tongue/language/speech", "*halakh*": "walks/goes/struts", "*eretz*": "earth/land/ground" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.10", "source": "לָכֵ֤ן ׀ *ישיב **יָשׁ֣וּב עַמּ֣וֹ הֲלֹ֑ם וּמֵ֥י מָ֝לֵ֗א יִמָּ֥צוּ לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*Lachen yashuv 'ammo halom*, *umei male yimmatzu lamo*.", "grammar": { "*Lachen*": "conjunction - therefore", "*yashuv*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular (ketiv/qere variation) - he returns/turns", "*'ammo*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*halom*": "adverb - here/hither", "*umei*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and waters of", "*male*": "adjective, masculine singular - full", "*yimmatzu*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are drained/squeezed out", "*lamo*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for them" }, "variants": { "*yashuv*": "returns/turns/goes back (ketiv: *yashiv* - he will cause to return; qere: *yashuv* - he will return)", "*'am*": "people/nation", "*halom*": "here/hither", "*mei*": "waters of (construct form)", "*male*": "full/abundant", "*matsah*": "drain/squeeze/wring out", "*lamo*": "to them/for them (poetic form)" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.11", "source": "וְֽאָמְר֗וּ אֵיכָ֥ה יָדַֽע־אֵ֑ל וְיֵ֖שׁ דֵּעָ֣ה בְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*We'amru*, '*Eikha yada'-El*, *weyesh de'ah ve'elyon*?", "grammar": { "*We'amru*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they say", "*Eikha*": "interrogative - how", "*yada'-El*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular (divine name) - God knows", "*weyesh*": "conjunction + adverb of existence - and there is", "*de'ah*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*ve'elyon*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in Most High" }, "variants": { "*amru*": "they say/said", "*eikha*": "how/in what way", "*yada*": "knows/perceives/understands", "*El*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*yesh*": "there is/exists", "*de'ah*": "knowledge/understanding", "*elyon*": "Most High/Highest One" } }
• Isa 14:14-19 : 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.14", "source": "אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾeʿĕleh* upon-*bāmŏtê* *ʿāḇ*; *ʾeddammeh* to-*ʿelyôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*bāmŏtê*": "feminine plural construct - heights of", "*ʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - cloud/thick cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "hithpael imperfect, 1st singular - I will make myself like", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective/divine title - Most High" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*bāmŏtê*": "heights/high places/backs", "*ʿāḇ*": "cloud/thick cloud/dark cloud", "*ʾeddammeh*": "I will make myself like/I will compare myself to/I will resemble", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest One/Supreme" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.15", "source": "אַ֧ךְ אֶל־שְׁא֛וֹל תּוּרָ֖ד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי־בֽוֹר׃", "text": "Yet to-*šǝʾôl* *tûrād* to-*yarḵǝtê*-*ḇôr*.", "grammar": { "*šǝʾôl*": "proper noun - Sheol/underworld", "*tûrād*": "hophal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be brought down", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ḇôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/cistern" }, "variants": { "*šǝʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/realm of the dead", "*tûrād*": "you will be brought down/you will be thrust down/you will be lowered", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ḇôr*": "pit/cistern/dungeon" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.16", "source": "רֹאֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יַשְׁגִּ֔יחוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ הֲזֶ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ מַרְגִּ֣יז הָאָ֔רֶץ מַרְעִ֖ישׁ מַמְלָכֽוֹת׃", "text": "*rōʾêḵā* to-you *yašgîḥû*, to-you *yitbônānû*: Is-this the-*ʾîš* *margîz* the-*ʾāreṣ*, *marʿîš* *mamlāḵôt*?", "grammar": { "*rōʾêḵā*": "qal active participle with 2nd masculine singular suffix - those seeing you", "*yašgîḥû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will gaze/stare", "*yitbônānû*": "hithpolel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will consider/contemplate", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*margîz*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - causing to tremble", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*marʿîš*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - causing to quake", "*mamlāḵôt*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms" }, "variants": { "*rōʾêḵā*": "those seeing you/those who look at you/your observers", "*yašgîḥû*": "they will gaze/they will stare/they will look intently", "*yitbônānû*": "they will consider/they will contemplate/they will ponder", "*margîz*": "causing to tremble/agitating/disturbing", "*marʿîš*": "causing to quake/shaking/making to tremble" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.17", "source": "שָׂ֥ם תֵּבֵ֛ל כַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעָרָ֣יו הָרָ֑ס אֲסִירָ֖יו לֹא־פָ֥תַח בָּֽיְתָה׃", "text": "*śām* *tēḇēl* like-the-*midbār* and-*ʿārāyw* *hārās*; *ʾăsîrāyw* not-*p̄ātaḥ* homeward.", "grammar": { "*śām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/placed", "*tēḇēl*": "feminine singular noun - world/inhabited earth", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wilderness/desert", "*ʿārāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities", "*hārās*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed/tore down", "*ʾăsîrāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his prisoners", "*p̄ātaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he opened/released" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "made/placed/set/turned", "*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited earth/inhabited land", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*hārās*": "destroyed/tore down/demolished", "*ʾăsîrāyw*": "his prisoners/his captives/those bound by him", "*p̄ātaḥ*": "opened/released/set free" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.18", "source": "כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם שָׁכְב֥וּ בְכָב֖וֹד אִ֥ישׁ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "All-*malḵê* *ḡôyim*, all-of-them, *šāḵǝḇû* in-*ḵāḇôd*, *ʾîš* in-*bêtô*.", "grammar": { "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*ḡôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*šāḵǝḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they lie down", "*ḵāḇôd*": "masculine singular noun - glory/honor", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house" }, "variants": { "*malḵê*": "kings of", "*ḡôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*šāḵǝḇû*": "lie down/rest/sleep", "*ḵāḇôd*": "glory/honor/dignity", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/each", "*bêtô*": "his house/his tomb/his place" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.19", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה הָשְׁלַ֤כְתָּ מִֽקִּבְרְךָ֙ כְּנֵ֣צֶר נִתְעָ֔ב לְב֥וּשׁ הֲרֻגִ֖ים מְטֹ֣עֲנֵי חָ֑רֶב יוֹרְדֵ֥י אֶל־אַבְנֵי־ב֖וֹר כְּפֶ֥גֶר מוּבָֽס׃", "text": "But-you *hāšlaktā* from-*qiḇrǝḵā* like-*nēṣer* *nitʿāḇ*, *lǝḇûš* *hărugîm* *mǝṭōʿănê* *ḥāreḇ*; *yôrǝdê* to-*ʾaḇnê*-*ḇôr*, like-*p̄eḡer* *mûḇās*.", "grammar": { "*hāšlaktā*": "hophal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are thrown out", "*qiḇrǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your grave", "*nēṣer*": "masculine singular noun - branch/shoot", "*nitʿāḇ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - abhorred/despised", "*lǝḇûš*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - clothed", "*hărugîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - slain ones", "*mǝṭōʿănê*": "pual participle, masculine plural construct - those pierced by", "*ḥāreḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*yôrǝdê*": "qal active participle, masculine plural construct - those going down to", "*ʾaḇnê*": "feminine plural construct - stones of", "*ḇôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/cistern", "*p̄eḡer*": "masculine singular noun - corpse/carcass", "*mûḇās*": "hophal participle, masculine singular - trampled" }, "variants": { "*hāšlaktā*": "you are thrown out/you are cast out/you are flung", "*qiḇrǝḵā*": "your grave/your tomb/your sepulcher", "*nēṣer*": "branch/shoot/sprout", "*nitʿāḇ*": "abhorred/despised/detested", "*lǝḇûš*": "clothed/dressed/covered", "*hărugîm*": "slain ones/killed ones/those put to death", "*mǝṭōʿănê*": "those pierced by/those thrust through by", "*ḥāreḇ*": "sword/knife/dagger", "*yôrǝdê*": "those going down to/those descending to", "*p̄eḡer*": "corpse/carcass/dead body", "*mûḇās*": "trampled/trodden down/stomped upon" } }
• Ezek 31:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.6", "source": "בִּסְעַפֹּתָ֤יו קִֽנְנוּ֙ כָּל־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְתַ֤חַת פֹּֽארֹתָיו֙ יָֽלְד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּבְצִלּוֹ֙ יֵֽשְׁב֔וּ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיִ֥ם רַבִּֽים", "text": "In *bisʿappōtāyw* *qinnənû* all *ʿôp̄* the *šāmayim* and under *pōʾrōtāyw* *yāldû* all *ḥayyat* the *śādeh* and in *ḇəṣillô* *yēšḇû* all *gôyim* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*bisʿappōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his branches", "*qinnənû*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural - they nested/made nests", "*ʿôp̄*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*yāldû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they gave birth/brought forth young", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - living things/beasts of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*ḇəṣillô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his shadow/shade", "*yēšḇû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they dwelt/sat/remained", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations/peoples", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/great/numerous" }, "variants": { "*bisʿappōtāyw*": "in his branches/in his boughs/among his limbs", "*qinnənû*": "they nested/they made nests", "*yāldû*": "they gave birth/they bore young/they were born" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.7", "source": "וַיְּיִ֣ף בְּגָדְל֔וֹ בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ אֶל־מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים", "text": "And *wayyîp̄* in *ḡādlô* in *ʾōrek* *dāliyyôtāyw* for *hāyāh* *šāršô* to *mayim* *rabbîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyîp̄*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he was beautiful/fair", "*ḡādlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his greatness/size", "*ʾōrek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - length of", "*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*šāršô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his root", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/abundant/great" }, "variants": { "*wayyîp̄*": "and he was beautiful/and he was fair/and he was splendid", "*ḡādlô*": "his greatness/his magnitude/his large size", "*dāliyyôtāyw*": "his branches/his shoots/his boughs" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.8", "source": "אֲרָזִ֣ים לֹֽא־עֲמָמֻהוּ֮ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים֒ בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים לֹ֤א דָמוּ֙ אֶל־סְעַפֹּתָ֔יו וְעַרְמֹנִ֥ים לֹֽא־הָי֖וּ כְּפֹֽארֹתָ֑יו כָּל־עֵץ֙ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־דָמָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו בְּיָפְיֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾărāzîm* not *ʿămāmuhû* in *gan-ʾĕlōhîm* *bərôšîm* not *dāmû* to *səʿappōtāyw* and *ʿarmōnîm* not *hāyû* like *pōʾrōtāyw* all *ʿēṣ* in *gan-ʾĕlōhîm* not *dāmāh* to him in *yāp̄yô*", "grammar": { "*ʾărāzîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cedars", "*ʿămāmuhû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they dimmed/hid/surpassed", "*gan-ʾĕlōhîm*": "construct chain - garden of God", "*bərôšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cypresses/firs", "*dāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they resembled/were like", "*səʿappōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*ʿarmōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - plane trees/chestnut trees", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - tree", "*dāmāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it resembled/was like", "*yāp̄yô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beauty" }, "variants": { "*ʿămāmuhû*": "they dimmed him/they equaled him/they surpassed him/they rivaled him", "*bərôšîm*": "cypresses/firs/junipers", "*ʿarmōnîm*": "plane trees/chestnut trees/box trees", "*dāmāh*": "resembled/compared to/was like" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.9", "source": "יָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו בְּרֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגַ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִֽים", "text": "*yāp̄eh* *ʿăśîtîw* with *rōḇ* *dāliyyôtāyw* and *wayəqanʾuhû* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* which in *gan* the *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*yāp̄eh*": "adjective, masculine singular - beautiful/fair", "*ʿăśîtîw*": "qal perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I made him", "*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude/abundance of", "*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*wayəqanʾuhû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they envied him", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden", "*gan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garden of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God/gods" }, "variants": { "*yāp̄eh*": "beautiful/fair/handsome", "*ʿăśîtîw*": "I made him/I created him/I fashioned him", "*wayəqanʾuhû*": "and they envied him/and they were jealous of him", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "trees of Eden/trees of pleasure/trees of the garden of delight" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.10", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ", "text": "Therefore *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* because which *gāḇahtā* in *qômāh* and *wayyittēn* *ṣammartô* to between *ʿăḇôtîm* and *rām* *ləḇāḇô* in *ḡāḇəhô*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gāḇahtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you were high/exalted", "*qômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - height/stature", "*wayyittēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave/placed", "*ṣammartô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his top/crown", "*ʿăḇôtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - leafy branches/thick clouds", "*rām*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was high/exalted", "*ləḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ḡāḇəhô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his height/exaltation" }, "variants": { "*ʾādōnāy*": "my Lord/Lord/sovereign", "*gāḇahtā*": "you were high/you were exalted/you were lofty", "*ṣammartô*": "his top/his crown/his highest point", "*ʿăḇôtîm*": "thick branches/leafy boughs/clouds/thickets", "*rām*": "was high/was lifted up/was exalted" } }
• Ezek 31:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.18", "source": "אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨ אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה", "text": "To whom *dāmîtā* thus in *kāḇôd* and in *ḡōdel* among *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* and *hûradtā* *ʾet-ʿăṣê-ʿēden* to *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* in midst *ʿărēlîm* *tiškab* with *ḥalǝlê-ḥereḇ* he *parʿōh* and all *hămônōh* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*dāmîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you resembled/were like", "*kāḇôd*": "noun, masculine singular - glory/honor", "*ḡōdel*": "noun, masculine singular - greatness/magnificence", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden", "*hûradtā*": "hophal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you were brought down", "*ʾet-ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "direct object marker + construct chain - trees of Eden", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether", "*ʿărēlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - uncircumcised ones", "*tiškab*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will lie down", "*ḥalǝlê-ḥereḇ*": "construct chain - slain of sword", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hămônōh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his multitude", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*dāmîtā*": "you resembled/you were compared/you were like", "*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/uncircumcised peoples/pagan peoples", "*ḥalǝlê-ḥereḇ*": "slain of sword/those pierced by sword/victims of sword", "*hămônōh*": "his multitude/his crowd/his wealth/his abundance", "*nəʾum*": "declaration of/oracle of/says" } }
• Dan 4:20-33 : 20 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.20", "source": "וְדִ֣י חֲזָ֣ה מַלְכָּ֡א עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֣ישׁ נָחִ֣ת ׀ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֡א וְאָמַר֩ גֹּ֨דּוּ אִֽילָנָ֜א וְחַבְּל֗וּהִי בְּרַ֨ם עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶאֱסוּר֙ דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֣ל וּנְחָ֔שׁ בְּדִתְאָ֖א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑א וּבְטַ֧ל שְׁמַיָּ֣א יִצְטַבַּ֗ע וְעִם־חֵיוַ֤ת בָּרָא֙ חֲלָקֵ֔הּ עַ֛ד דִּֽי־שִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֥וּן עֲלֽוֹהִי׃", "text": "And that *ḥăzāh* the *malkāʾ* *ʿîr* and *qaddîš* *nāḥit* from-*šəmayyāʾ* and *ʾămar*: '*Gōddû* the *ʾîlānāʾ* and *ḥabbəlûhî*, however *ʿiqqar* *šāršôhî* in *ʾarʿāʾ* *šəbūqû*, and in band of-*parzel* and *nəḥāš* in *ditʾāʾ* of *bārāʾ*; and in *ṭal* *šəmayyāʾ* *yiṣṭabbaʿ*, and with-*ḥêwat* *bārāʾ* *ḥălāqēh*, until that-seven *ʿiddānîn* *yaḥləpûn* upon him.'", "grammar": { "*ḥăzāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he saw", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king", "*ʿîr*": "noun, masculine singular - watcher/angel", "*qaddîš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy", "*nāḥit*": "participle, masculine singular - coming down", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the heavens", "*ʾămar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*Gōddû*": "imperative verb, masculine plural - cut down", "*ʾîlānāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the tree", "*ḥabbəlûhî*": "imperative verb, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - destroy it", "*ʿiqqar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stump of", "*šāršôhî*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its roots", "*ʾarʿāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the earth", "*šəbūqû*": "imperative verb, masculine plural - leave", "*parzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron", "*nəḥāš*": "noun, masculine singular - bronze/copper", "*ditʾāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the tender grass", "*bārāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the field", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dew of", "*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular passive - let him be wet", "*ḥêwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts of", "*ḥălāqēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his portion", "*ʿiddānîn*": "noun, masculine plural - times/periods", "*yaḥləpûn*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall pass" }, "variants": { "*ʿîr*": "watcher/angel/guardian", "*qaddîš*": "holy/sacred/set apart", "*nāḥit*": "coming down/descending", "*Gōddû*": "cut down/chop down", "*ḥabbəlûhî*": "destroy it/ruin it/damage it", "*ʿiqqar*": "stump/stock", "*šāršôhî*": "its roots/rootstock", "*šəbūqû*": "leave/let remain", "*ditʾāʾ*": "tender grass/new growth/vegetation", "*ṭal*": "dew/moisture", "*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "let him be wet/drenched/moistened", "*ḥălāqēh*": "his portion/share/lot", "*ʿiddānîn*": "times/periods/seasons", "*yaḥləpûn*": "shall pass/change/go by" } } 21 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.21", "source": "דְּנָ֥ה פִשְׁרָ֖א מַלְכָּ֑א וּגְזֵרַ֤ת עִלָּאָה֙ הִ֔יא דִּ֥י מְטָ֖ת עַל־מָרִ֥י מַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "*Dənāh* *pišrāʾ* *malkāʾ*, and *gəzērat* *ʿillāʾāh* it is, that *məṭāt* upon-*mārî* *malkāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*Dənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*pišrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the interpretation", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king", "*gəzērat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - decree of", "*ʿillāʾāh*": "adjective, masculine singular emphatic - the Most High", "*məṭāt*": "perfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular - it has come", "*mārî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lord of", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king" }, "variants": { "*Dənāh*": "this/that", "*pišrāʾ*": "interpretation/explanation/meaning", "*gəzērat*": "decree/decision/determination", "*ʿillāʾāh*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme", "*məṭāt*": "has come/reached/arrived", "*mārî*": "lord/master/my lord" } } 22 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.22", "source": "וְלָ֣ךְ טָֽרְדִ֣ין מִן־אֲנָשָׁ֡א וְעִם־חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָא֩ לֶהֱוֵ֨ה מְדֹרָ֜ךְ וְעִשְׂבָּ֥א כְתוֹרִ֣ין ׀ לָ֣ךְ יְטַֽעֲמ֗וּן וּמִטַּ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ לָ֣ךְ מְצַבְּעִ֔ין וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֣וּן עֲלָ֑יךְ עַ֣ד דִּֽי־תִנְדַּ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֤יט עִלָּיָא֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א יִתְּנִנַּֽהּ׃", "text": "And you they *ṭārədîn* from-*ʾănāšāʾ*, and with-*ḥêwat* *bārāʾ* will be *mədōrāḵ*, and *ʿiśbāʾ* like *tôrîn* for you they *yəṭaʿămûn*, and from *ṭal* *šəmayyāʾ* you they *məṣabbəʿîn*, and seven *ʿiddānîn* *yaḥləpûn* upon you, until that-you *tindaʿ* that-*šallîṭ* *ʿillāyāʾ* in *malkût* *ʾănāšāʾ*, and to whom-that he *yiṣbēʾ* he *yittəninnah*.", "grammar": { "*ṭārədîn*": "participle, masculine plural - driving out", "*ʾănāšāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the people/mankind", "*ḥêwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts of", "*bārāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the field", "*mədōrāḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your dwelling", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the grass", "*tôrîn*": "noun, masculine plural - oxen", "*yəṭaʿămûn*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they will feed/cause to eat", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dew of", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the heavens", "*məṣabbəʿîn*": "participle, masculine plural - wetting/moistening", "*ʿiddānîn*": "noun, masculine plural - times/periods", "*yaḥləpûn*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they will pass", "*tindaʿ*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - you will know", "*šallîṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruling", "*ʿillāyāʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular emphatic - the Most High", "*malkût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*yiṣbēʾ*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he wills/desires", "*yittəninnah*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he gives it" }, "variants": { "*ṭārədîn*": "driving out/expelling/banishing", "*ʾănāšāʾ*": "people/mankind/humanity", "*mədōrāḵ*": "your dwelling/habitation/residence", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "grass/vegetation/herbage", "*tôrîn*": "oxen/cattle", "*yəṭaʿămûn*": "they will feed/cause to eat/make to taste", "*məṣabbəʿîn*": "wetting/moistening/drenching", "*ʿiddānîn*": "times/periods/seasons", "*yaḥləpûn*": "will pass/change/go by", "*tindaʿ*": "you will know/recognize/acknowledge", "*šallîṭ*": "ruling/having dominion/sovereign", "*ʿillāyāʾ*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme", "*yiṣbēʾ*": "wills/desires/pleases", "*yittəninnah*": "gives it/bestows it/grants it" } } 23 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.23", "source": "וְדִ֣י אֲמַ֗רוּ לְמִשְׁבַּ֞ק עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ דִּ֣י אִֽילָנָ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ לָ֣ךְ קַיָּמָ֑ה מִן־דִּ֣י תִנְדַּ֔ע דִּ֥י שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽא׃", "text": "And that they *ʾămarû* to *mišbaq* *ʿiqqar* *šāršôhî* of the *ʾîlānāʾ*, *malkûtāḵ* to you *qayyāmāh*, from-that you *tindaʿ* that *šallîṭin* *šəmayyāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾămarû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they said", "*mišbaq*": "infinitive - to leave", "*ʿiqqar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stump of", "*šāršôhî*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its roots", "*ʾîlānāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the tree", "*malkûtāḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your kingdom", "*qayyāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - enduring/lasting", "*tindaʿ*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - you know", "*šallîṭin*": "adjective, masculine plural - ruling", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the heavens" }, "variants": { "*ʾămarû*": "they said/commanded/ordered", "*mišbaq*": "to leave/let remain", "*ʿiqqar*": "stump/stock", "*šāršôhî*": "its roots/rootstock", "*malkûtāḵ*": "your kingdom/reign/sovereignty", "*qayyāmāh*": "enduring/lasting/established", "*tindaʿ*": "you know/recognize/acknowledge", "*šallîṭin*": "ruling/having dominion/sovereign", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "the heavens/Heaven" } } 24 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.24", "source": "לָהֵ֣ן מַלְכָּ֗א מִלְכִּי֙ יִשְׁפַּ֣ר עֲלָ֔ךְ וַחֲטָאָךְ֙ בְּצִדְקָ֣ה פְרֻ֔ק וַעֲוָיָתָ֖ךְ בְּמִחַ֣ן עֲנָ֑יִן הֵ֛ן תֶּהֱוֵ֥א אַרְכָ֖ה לִשְׁלֵוְתָֽךְ׃", "text": "Therefore, *malkāʾ*, my counsel *yišpar* upon you, and your *ḥăṭāʾāḵ* by *ṣidqāh* *pəruq*, and your *ʿăwāyātāḵ* by *miḥan* *ʿănāyîn*; perhaps *tehĕwēʾ* *ʾarkāh* to your *šəlēwətāḵ*.", "grammar": { "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king", "*yišpar*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - let it be acceptable", "*ḥăṭāʾāḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sins", "*ṣidqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - righteousness", "*pəruq*": "imperative verb, masculine singular - break off/redeem", "*ʿăwāyātāḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your iniquities", "*miḥan*": "infinitive construct - showing mercy", "*ʿănāyîn*": "noun, masculine plural - poor/afflicted", "*tehĕwēʾ*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be", "*ʾarkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - lengthening/prolonging", "*šəlēwətāḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your prosperity" }, "variants": { "*yišpar*": "let it be acceptable/pleasing/agreeable", "*ḥăṭāʾāḵ*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*ṣidqāh*": "righteousness/justice/right actions", "*pəruq*": "break off/redeem/atone for", "*ʿăwāyātāḵ*": "your iniquities/transgressions/wrongdoings", "*miḥan*": "showing mercy/being gracious", "*ʿănāyîn*": "poor/afflicted/needy ones", "*tehĕwēʾ*": "there will be/may there be", "*ʾarkāh*": "lengthening/prolonging/extension", "*šəlēwətāḵ*": "your prosperity/tranquility/welfare" } } 25 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.25", "source": "כֹּ֣לָּא מְּטָ֔א עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר מַלְכָּֽא׃ פ", "text": "All *məṭāʾ* upon-*Nəbûkadneṣṣar* *malkāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*məṭāʾ*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - it came", "*Nəbûkadneṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king" }, "variants": { "*məṭāʾ*": "came/happened/befell", "*kōllāʾ*": "all/everything/the whole" } } 26 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.26", "source": "לִקְצָ֥ת יַרְחִ֖ין תְּרֵֽי־עֲשַׂ֑ר עַל־הֵיכַ֧ל מַלְכוּתָ֛א דִּ֥י בָבֶ֖ל מְהַלֵּ֥ךְ הֲוָֽה׃", "text": "At *qəṣāt* *yarḥîn* *tərê*-*ʿăśar*, upon-*hêḵal* *malkûtāʾ* of *Bābel* *məhallēḵ* *hăwāh*.", "grammar": { "*qəṣāt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end of", "*yarḥîn*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*tərê*": "numeral, masculine - two", "*ʿăśar*": "numeral - ten", "*hêḵal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - palace of", "*malkûtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the kingdom", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*məhallēḵ*": "participle, masculine singular - walking", "*hăwāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he was" }, "variants": { "*qəṣāt*": "end of/after/at the completion of", "*yarḥîn*": "months/moons", "*hêḵal*": "palace/temple", "*malkûtāʾ*": "kingdom/royal residence", "*məhallēḵ*": "walking/strolling/pacing", "*hăwāh*": "was/had been" } } 27 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.27", "source": "עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֔ר הֲלָ֥א דָא־הִ֖יא בָּבֶ֣ל רַבְּתָ֑א דִּֽי־אֲנָ֤ה בֱנַיְתַהּ֙ לְבֵ֣ית מַלְכ֔וּ בִּתְקָ֥ף חִסְנִ֖י וְלִיקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽי׃", "text": "*ʿānēh malkāʾ* *wə-ʾāmar* is-not this-she *bāḇel rabəttāʾ* which-I *bənayətah* for-house-of *malkû* in-*təqāp ḥisnî* and-for-*yəqār hadrî*", "grammar": { "*ʿānēh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - answered/responded", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the king", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Babylon", "*rabəttāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular, definite - great/large", "*bənayətah*": "verb, perfect, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular object suffix - I built it", "*malkû*": "noun, masculine singular construct - kingdom/royalty", "*təqāp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - strength/might", "*ḥisnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular possessive suffix - my power/might", "*yəqār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - honor/glory", "*hadrî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular possessive suffix - my majesty/splendor" }, "variants": { "*ʿānēh*": "answered/responded/began to speak", "*malkû*": "kingdom/royal residence/palace", "*təqāp*": "strength/power/might", "*ḥisnî*": "my strength/my power/my fortress", "*yəqār*": "honor/glory/splendor", "*hadrî*": "my majesty/my splendor/my honor" } } 28 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.28", "source": "ע֗וֹד מִלְּתָא֙ בְּפֻ֣ם מַלְכָּ֔א קָ֖ל מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֣א נְפַ֑ל לָ֤ךְ אָֽמְרִין֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ה עֲדָ֥ת מִנָּֽךְ׃", "text": "Yet *millətāʾ* in-*pum malkāʾ*, *qāl* from-*šəmayyāʾ* *nəpal*; to-you *ʾāmərîn nəḇûḵaḏnezzar malkāʾ*, *malḵûṯāh ʿăḏāṯ* from-you", "grammar": { "*millətāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, definite - the word/matter", "*pum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the king", "*qāl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, definite - the heavens", "*nəpal*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*ʾāmərîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - saying/they say", "*nəḇûḵaḏnezzar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*malḵûṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the kingdom", "*ʿăḏāṯ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has passed away/removed" }, "variants": { "*millətāʾ*": "word/speech/matter", "*pum*": "mouth/opening", "*qāl*": "voice/sound", "*nəpal*": "fell/came down", "*ʾāmərîn*": "saying/declaring/announcing", "*ʿăḏāṯ*": "passed away/been removed/departed" } } 29 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.29", "source": "וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁא֩ לָ֨ךְ טָֽרְדִ֜ין וְֽעִם־חֵיוַ֧ת בָּרָ֣א מְדֹרָ֗ךְ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ לָ֣ךְ יְטַעֲמ֔וּן וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֣וּן עֲלָ֑ךְ עַ֣ד דִּֽי־תִנְדַּ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֤יט עִלָּיָא֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א יִתְּנִנַּֽהּ׃", "text": "And-from-*ʾănāšāʾ* to-you *ṭārəḏîn* and-with-*ḥêwaṯ bārāʾ* *məḏōrāḵ*, *ʿiśbāʾ* like-*ṯôrîn* to-you *yəṭaʿămûn*, and-seven *ʿiḏānîn* *yaḥləp̄ûn* over-you until that-*ṯinḏaʿ* that-*šallîṭ ʿillāyāʾ* in-*malḵûṯ ʾănāšāʾ* and-to-whom-that *yiṣbēʾ yittəninah*", "grammar": { "*ʾănāšāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, definite - men/people", "*ṭārəḏîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - driving out/expelling", "*ḥêwaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beast of", "*bārāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the field/wild", "*məḏōrāḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your dwelling", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - grass/vegetation", "*ṯôrîn*": "noun, masculine plural - oxen/bulls", "*yəṭaʿămûn*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will feed/cause to eat", "*ʿiḏānîn*": "noun, masculine plural - times/periods", "*yaḥləp̄ûn*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will pass/change", "*ṯinḏaʿ*": "verb, imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*šallîṭ*": "adjective/participle, masculine singular - ruling/having dominion", "*ʿillāyāʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular, definite - the Most High", "*malḵûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*yiṣbēʾ*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he wills/desires", "*yittəninah*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular object suffix - he gives it" }, "variants": { "*ṭārəḏîn*": "driving out/expelling/casting away", "*ḥêwaṯ bārāʾ*": "beasts of the field/wild animals", "*məḏōrāḵ*": "your dwelling/habitation/residence", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "grass/vegetation/herbs", "*ṯôrîn*": "oxen/bulls/cattle", "*ʿiḏānîn*": "times/periods/seasons", "*yaḥləp̄ûn*": "will pass/change/go by", "*šallîṭ*": "rules/has dominion/is sovereign", "*ʿillāyāʾ*": "the Most High/the Highest One", "*yiṣbēʾ*": "wills/desires/pleases" } } 30 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.30", "source": "בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יֵאכֻ֔ל וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּ֥י שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין רְבָ֖ה וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין׃", "text": "In-that-*šaʿăṯāʾ* *millətāʾ sāp̄aṯ* upon-*nəḇûḵaḏnezzar* and-from-*ʾănāšāʾ ṭərîḏ* and-*ʿiśbāʾ* like-*ṯôrîn yēʾḵul* and-from-*ṭal šəmayyāʾ gišmēh yiṣṭabbaʿ* until that *śaʿrēh* like-*nišrîn rəḇāh* and-*ṭip̄rôhî* like-*ṣippərîn*", "grammar": { "*šaʿăṯāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, definite - the hour/time", "*millətāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, definite - the word/matter", "*sāp̄aṯ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was fulfilled/completed", "*nəḇûḵaḏnezzar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*ṭərîḏ*": "verb, passive participle, masculine singular - driven out/expelled", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - grass/vegetation", "*ṯôrîn*": "noun, masculine plural - oxen/bulls", "*yēʾḵul*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would eat", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dew of", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, definite - the heavens", "*gišmēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his body", "*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, passive - was wet/moistened", "*śaʿrēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hair", "*nišrîn*": "noun, masculine plural - eagles", "*rəḇāh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - grew", "*ṭip̄rôhî*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his nails", "*ṣippərîn*": "noun, masculine plural - birds" }, "variants": { "*šaʿăṯāʾ*": "hour/time/moment", "*sāp̄aṯ*": "was fulfilled/completed/finished", "*ṭərîḏ*": "driven out/expelled/cast away", "*ʿiśbāʾ*": "grass/vegetation/herbs", "*ṭal*": "dew/moisture", "*gišmēh*": "his body/form/person", "*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "was wet/was moistened/was soaked", "*śaʿrēh*": "his hair/locks", "*nišrîn*": "eagles/large birds of prey", "*rəḇāh*": "grew/increased", "*ṭip̄rôhî*": "his nails/claws", "*ṣippərîn*": "birds/fowls" } } 31 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.31", "source": "וְלִקְצָ֣ת יֽוֹמַיָּה֩ אֲנָ֨ה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר עַיְנַ֣י ׀ לִשְׁמַיָּ֣א נִטְלֵ֗ת וּמַנְדְּעִי֙ עֲלַ֣י יְת֔וּב וּלְעִלָּאָה֙ בָּרְכֵ֔ת וּלְחַ֥י עָלְמָ֖א שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת וְהַדְּרֵ֑ת דִּ֤י שָׁלְטָנֵהּ֙ שָׁלְטָ֣ן עָלַ֔ם וּמַלְכוּתֵ֖הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְדָֽר׃", "text": "And-at-*qəṣāṯ yômayyāh* I *nəḇûḵaḏnezzar ʿaynay* to-*šəmayyāʾ niṭləṯ* and-*mandəʿî* upon-me *yəṯûḇ* and-to-*ʿillāʾāh bārəḵēṯ* and-to-*ḥay ʿāləmāʾ šabbəḥēṯ wəhaddərēṯ* that *šālṭānēh šālṭān ʿālam* and-*malḵûṯēh* with-*dār wəḏār*", "grammar": { "*qəṣāṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end of", "*yômayyāh*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the days", "*nəḇûḵaḏnezzar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*ʿaynay*": "noun, feminine dual with 1st singular suffix - my eyes", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, definite - the heavens", "*niṭləṯ*": "verb, perfect, 1st singular - I lifted up", "*mandəʿî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my understanding", "*yəṯûḇ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - returned", "*ʿillāʾāh*": "adjective, masculine singular, emphatic - the Most High", "*bārəḵēṯ*": "verb, perfect, 1st singular - I blessed", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/eternal", "*ʿāləmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - eternity/the world", "*šabbəḥēṯ*": "verb, perfect, 1st singular - I praised", "*wəhaddərēṯ*": "conjunction + verb, perfect, 1st singular - and honored", "*šālṭānēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his dominion", "*šālṭān*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dominion of", "*ʿālam*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*malḵûṯēh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*dār wəḏār*": "noun, masculine singular + conjunction + noun, masculine singular - generation and generation" }, "variants": { "*qəṣāṯ*": "end/completion/termination", "*niṭləṯ*": "lifted up/raised", "*mandəʿî*": "my understanding/knowledge/reason", "*yəṯûḇ*": "returned/was restored", "*ʿillāʾāh*": "the Most High/the Highest One", "*ḥay ʿāləmāʾ*": "the Eternal One/the Ever-living", "*šālṭānēh*": "his dominion/rule/authority", "*šālṭān ʿālam*": "everlasting dominion/eternal rule", "*dār wəḏār*": "generation to generation/all generations" } } 32 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.32", "source": "וְכָל־דָּיְרֵ֤י אַרְעָא֙ כְּלָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין וּֽכְמִצְבְּיֵ֗הּ עָבֵד֙ בְּחֵ֣יל שְׁמַיָּ֔א וְדָיְרֵ֖י אַרְעָ֑א וְלָ֤א אִיתַי֙ דִּֽי־יְמַחֵ֣א בִידֵ֔הּ וְיֵ֥אמַר לֵ֖הּ מָ֥ה עֲבַֽדְתְּ׃", "text": "And-all-*dāyərê ʾarʿāʾ* as-nothing *ḥăšîḇîn*, and-according-to-*miṣbəyēh ʿāḇēḏ* in-*ḥêl šəmayyāʾ* and-*dāyərê ʾarʿāʾ*, and-not *ʾîṯay* who-*yəmaḥēʾ* in-*bîḏēh* and-*yēʾmar* to-him what *ʿăḇaḏət*", "grammar": { "*dāyərê*": "participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*ʾarʿāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, definite - the earth", "*ḥăšîḇîn*": "passive participle, masculine plural - regarded/considered", "*miṣbəyēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his will/pleasure", "*ʿāḇēḏ*": "verb, participle, masculine singular - doing/working", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - army/host of", "*šəmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, definite - the heavens", "*ʾîṯay*": "particle of existence - there is", "*yəmaḥēʾ*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - strike/restrain", "*bîḏēh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*yēʾmar*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - say/tell", "*ʿăḇaḏət*": "verb, perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done" }, "variants": { "*dāyərê*": "dwellers/inhabitants/residents", "*ḥăšîḇîn*": "regarded/considered/counted", "*miṣbəyēh*": "his will/pleasure/desire", "*ʿāḇēḏ*": "does/works/acts", "*ḥêl*": "army/host/forces", "*yəmaḥēʾ*": "strike/restrain/stop", "*bîḏēh*": "in his hand/power/control", "*ʿăḇaḏət*": "have done/made/performed" } } 33 { "verseID": "Daniel.4.33", "source": "בֵּהּ־זִמְנָ֞א מַנְדְּעִ֣י ׀ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֗י וְלִיקַ֨ר מַלְכוּתִ֜י הַדְרִ֤י וְזִוִי֙ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֔י וְלִ֕י הַדָּֽבְרַ֥י וְרַבְרְבָנַ֖י יְבַע֑וֹן וְעַל־מַלְכוּתִ֣י הָתְקְנַ֔ת וּרְב֥וּ יַתִּירָ֖ה ה֥וּסְפַת לִֽי׃", "text": "At-that-*zimnāʾ mandəʿî* *yəṯûḇ* upon-me and-for-*yəqār malḵûṯî hadrî wəzîwî* *yəṯûḇ* upon-me, and-to-me *haddāḇəray wərabərəḇānay yəḇaʿôn* and-over-*malḵûṯî hāṯqənaṯ* and-*rəḇû yattîrāh hûsəpaṯ* to-me", "grammar": { "*zimnāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the time", "*mandəʿî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my understanding", "*yəṯûḇ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - returned", "*yəqār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - honor of", "*malḵûṯî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my kingdom", "*hadrî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my majesty", "*wəzîwî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - and my brightness", "*haddāḇəray*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my counselors", "*wərabərəḇānay*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - and my nobles", "*yəḇaʿôn*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they sought", "*malḵûṯî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my kingdom", "*hāṯqənaṯ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd feminine singular, passive - was established", "*rəḇû*": "noun, feminine singular - greatness", "*yattîrāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - excellent/surpassing", "*hûsəpaṯ*": "verb, perfect, 3rd feminine singular, passive - was added" }, "variants": { "*zimnāʾ*": "time/period/season", "*mandəʿî*": "my understanding/reason/intelligence", "*yəṯûḇ*": "returned/was restored", "*yəqār*": "honor/glory/dignity", "*hadrî*": "my majesty/splendor/glory", "*wəzîwî*": "my brightness/splendor/appearance", "*haddāḇəray*": "my counselors/ministers/advisors", "*wərabərəḇānay*": "my nobles/lords/officials", "*yəḇaʿôn*": "sought/consulted/requested", "*hāṯqənaṯ*": "was established/confirmed/secured", "*rəḇû*": "greatness/magnitude/majesty", "*yattîrāh*": "excellent/surpassing/extraordinary", "*hûsəpaṯ*": "was added/increased/augmented" } }
• Esth 5:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Esther.5.11", "source": "וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר לָהֶ֥ם הָמָ֛ן אֶת־כְּב֥וֹד עָשְׁר֖וֹ וְרֹ֣ב בָּנָ֑יו וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר גִּדְּל֤וֹ הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְּׂא֔וֹ עַל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְעַבְדֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ", "text": "And *wayəsappēr* to-them *hāmān* *ʾet*-*kəbôd* *ʿāšrô* and-*rōb* *bānāyw*, and-*ʾēt* all-that *giddəlô* the-*melek* and-*ʾēt* that *niśśəʾô* over-the-*śārîm* and-*ʿabdê* the-*melek*", "grammar": { "*wayəsappēr*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3ms piel - and he recounted", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*kəbôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*ʿāšrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his wealth/riches", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude of", "*bānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his sons", "*giddəlô*": "perfect, 3ms piel + 3ms suffix - he magnified him", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*niśśəʾô*": "perfect, 3ms piel + 3ms suffix - he elevated him", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials", "*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of" }, "variants": { "*wayəsappēr*": "recounted/told/related", "*kəbôd ʿāšrô*": "glory of his wealth/splendor of his riches", "*rōb bānāyw*": "multitude of his sons/many children", "*giddəlô*": "promoted him/advanced him/made him great", "*niśśəʾô*": "exalted him/lifted him/elevated him" } }