Eccl 12:1-7 : 1 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.1",
"source": "וּזְכֹר֙ אֶת־בּ֣וֹרְאֶ֔יךָ בִּימֵ֖י בְּחוּרֹתֶ֑יךָ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָבֹ֙אוּ֙ יְמֵ֣י הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהִגִּ֣יעוּ שָׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמַ֔ר אֵֽין־לִ֥י בָהֶ֖ם חֵֽפֶץ׃",
"text": "Wə-*zəḵōr* *ʾet*-*bôrəʾêḵā* bi-*yəmê* *bəḥûrōtêḵā* *ʿad* *ʾăšer* lō-*yāḇōʾû* *yəmê* ha-*rāʿāh* wə-*higgîʿû* *šānîm* *ʾăšer* *tōʾmar* *ʾên*-*lî* *bāhem* *ḥēpeṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*zəḵōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - remember",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bôrəʾêḵā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your creators/creator",
"*yəmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of",
"*bəḥûrōtêḵā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your youth",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/before",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/when",
"*yāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will come",
"*yəmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/trouble",
"*higgîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have arrived",
"*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years",
"*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will say",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me",
"*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them",
"*ḥēpeṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - pleasure/delight/desire"
},
"variants": {
"*bôrəʾêḵā*": "your Creator(s)/Maker(s) - plural form could be intensive singular (God) or literal plural",
"*bəḥûrōtêḵā*": "your youth/young manhood/prime of life",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/misery/distress/calamity/trouble"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.2",
"source": "עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃",
"text": "*ʿad* *ʾăšer* lō-*teḥšaḵ* ha-*šemeš* wə-hā-*ʾôr* wə-ha-*yārēaḥ* wə-ha-*kôḵāḇîm* wə-*šāḇû* he-*ʿāḇîm* *ʾaḥar* ha-*gāšem*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/before",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/when",
"*teḥšaḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be darkened",
"*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun",
"*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light",
"*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon",
"*kôḵāḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars",
"*šāḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have returned",
"*ʿāḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds",
"*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after",
"*gāšem*": "noun, masculine singular - rain"
},
"variants": {
"*teḥšaḵ*": "becomes dark/is darkened/grows dim",
"*šāḇû*": "return/come back/recur"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.3",
"source": "בַּיּ֗וֹם שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וּבָטְל֤וּ הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ כִּ֣י מִעֵ֔טוּ וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ הָרֹא֖וֹת בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת׃",
"text": "Ba-*yôm* še-*yāzuʿû* *šōmrê* ha-*bayit* wə-*hitʿawwətû* *ʾanšê* he-*ḥāyil* u-*ḇāṭlû* ha-*ṭōḥănôt* *kî* *miʿēṭû* wə-*ḥāšḵû* hā-*rōʾôt* bā-*ʾărubbôt*",
"grammar": {
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*yāzuʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will tremble",
"*šōmrê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - keepers of",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house",
"*hitʿawwətû*": "hithpael perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have bent themselves",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*ḥāyil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/might/valor",
"*ḇāṭlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they have ceased",
"*ṭōḥănôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - grinders/grinding women",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*miʿēṭû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have become few",
"*ḥāšḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have darkened",
"*rōʾôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - those seeing/lookers",
"*ʾărubbôt*": "noun, feminine plural - windows/lattices"
},
"variants": {
"*šōmrê* ha-*bayit*": "keepers of the house (may refer to arms/hands metaphorically)",
"*ʾanšê* he-*ḥāyil*": "men of strength/mighty men (may refer to legs metaphorically)",
"*ṭōḥănôt*": "female grinders/grinding women (may refer to teeth metaphorically)",
"*rōʾôt* bā-*ʾărubbôt*": "lookers through the windows (may refer to eyes metaphorically)"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.4",
"source": "וְסֻגְּר֤וּ דְלָתַ֙יִם֙ בַּשּׁ֔וּק בִּשְׁפַ֖ל ק֣וֹל הַֽטַּחֲנָ֑ה וְיָקוּם֙ לְק֣וֹל הַצִּפּ֔וֹר וְיִשַּׁ֖חוּ כָּל־בְּנ֥וֹת הַשִּֽׁיר׃",
"text": "Wə-*suggərû* *dəlātayim* ba-*šûq* bi-*špal* *qôl* ha-*ṭaḥănāh* wə-*yāqûm* lə-*qôl* ha-*ṣippôr* wə-*yiššaḥû* kāl-*bənôt* ha-*šîr*",
"grammar": {
"*suggərû*": "pual perfect, 3rd person plural - they are closed/shut",
"*dəlātayim*": "noun, feminine dual - double doors/gates",
"*šûq*": "noun, masculine singular - street/marketplace",
"*špal*": "infinitive construct - to be low/when becomes low",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice",
"*ṭaḥănāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grinding/mill",
"*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rise",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice",
"*ṣippôr*": "noun, common singular - bird/sparrow",
"*yiššaḥû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be brought low",
"*bənôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of",
"*šîr*": "noun, masculine singular - song/singing"
},
"variants": {
"*dəlātayim*": "double doors/gates (may refer to lips metaphorically)",
"*qôl* ha-*ṭaḥănāh*": "sound of grinding (may refer to diminished eating/chewing sounds)",
"*yāqûm* lə-*qôl* ha-*ṣippôr*": "rises at the sound of a bird (awakening at dawn/early waking)",
"*bənôt* ha-*šîr*": "daughters of song (singing women/musical notes/ability to sing or hear music)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.5",
"source": "גַּ֣ם מִגָּבֹ֤הַּ יִרָ֙אוּ֙ וְחַתְחַתִּ֣ים בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְיָנֵ֤אץ הַשָּׁקֵד֙ וְיִסְתַּבֵּ֣ל הֶֽחָגָ֔ב וְתָפֵ֖ר הָֽאֲבִיּוֹנָ֑ה כִּֽי־הֹלֵ֤ךְ הָאָדָם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית עוֹלָמ֔וֹ וְסָבְב֥וּ בָשּׁ֖וּק הַסֹּפְדִֽים׃",
"text": "*Gam* mi-*gāḇōah* *yīrāʾû* wə-*ḥatḥattîm* ba-*dereḵ* wə-*yānēʾṣ* ha-*šāqēd* wə-*yistabbēl* he-*ḥāgāḇ* wə-*tāpēr* hā-*ʾăḇiyyônāh* *kî*-*hōlēḵ* hā-*ʾādām* *ʾel*-*bêt* *ʿôlāmô* wə-*sāḇəḇû* ḇa-*šûq* ha-*sōpədîm*",
"grammar": {
"*gam*": "conjunction/adverb - also/even",
"*gāḇōah*": "adjective, masculine singular - height/high place",
"*yīrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fear",
"*ḥatḥattîm*": "noun, masculine plural - terrors/fears",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, common singular - way/road/path",
"*yānēʾṣ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will blossom/flourish",
"*šāqēd*": "noun, masculine singular - almond tree",
"*yistabbēl*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will become a burden",
"*ḥāgāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - locust/grasshopper",
"*tāpēr*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will fail/be ineffective",
"*ʾăḇiyyônāh*": "noun, feminine singular - caper berry/desire",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hōlēḵ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going/walking",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʿôlāmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eternity/long home",
"*sāḇəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have gone around",
"*šûq*": "noun, masculine singular - street/marketplace",
"*sōpədîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - mourners/those wailing"
},
"variants": {
"*gāḇōah* *yīrāʾû*": "they will fear height/be afraid of what is high",
"*yānēʾṣ* ha-*šāqēd*": "the almond tree blossoms (white hair/old age)",
"*yistabbēl* he-*ḥāgāḇ*": "the grasshopper becomes a burden/drags itself along (loss of mobility)",
"*tāpēr* hā-*ʾăḇiyyônāh*": "the caper berry fails/desire fails (loss of appetite/sexual desire)",
"*bêt* *ʿôlāmô*": "his eternal house/long home (grave/tomb)"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.6",
"source": "עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־*ירחק **יֵרָתֵק֙ חֶ֣בֶל הַכֶּ֔סֶף וְתָרֻ֖ץ גֻּלַּ֣ת הַזָּהָ֑ב וְתִשָּׁ֤בֶר כַּד֙ עַל־הַמַּבּ֔וּעַ וְנָרֹ֥ץ הַגַּלְגַּ֖ל אֶל־הַבּֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*ʿad* *ʾăšer* lō-*yērātēq* *ḥeḇel* ha-*kesep* wə-*tāruṣ* *gullat* ha-*zāhāḇ* wə-*tiššāḇer* *kad* *ʿal*-ha-*mabbûaʿ* wə-*nārōṣ* ha-*galgal* *ʾel*-ha-*bôr*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/before",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/when",
"*yērātēq*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be removed/snapped",
"*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - cord/rope/silver cord",
"*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver",
"*tāruṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be broken/crushed",
"*gullat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - bowl of",
"*zāhāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - gold",
"*tiššāḇer*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be broken",
"*kad*": "noun, feminine singular - jar/pitcher",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - at/by",
"*mabbûaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - spring/fountain",
"*nārōṣ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it is broken/shattered",
"*galgal*": "noun, masculine singular - wheel/whirling",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into",
"*bôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/cistern/well"
},
"variants": {
"*yērātēq*": "is removed/snapped/broken/loosed (text note shows variant *yrḥq* - becomes distant)",
"*ḥeḇel* ha-*kesep*": "silver cord (possibly spinal cord or life connection)",
"*gullat* ha-*zāhāḇ*": "golden bowl (possibly skull or consciousness)",
"*kad*": "pitcher/jar (possibly heart)",
"*mabbûaʿ*": "spring/fountain (possibly water of life)",
"*galgal*": "wheel/pulley (possibly cycle of life or bodily functions)"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.7",
"source": "וְיָשֹׁ֧ב הֶעָפָ֛ר עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָ֑ה וְהָר֣וּחַ תָּשׁ֔וּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְתָנָֽהּ׃",
"text": "Wə-*yāšōḇ* he-*ʿāpār* *ʿal*-hā-*ʾāreṣ* kə-še-*hāyāh* wə-hā-*rûaḥ* *tāšûḇ* *ʾel*-hā-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăšer* *nətānāh*",
"grammar": {
"*yāšōḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will return",
"*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust/soil",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/to",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it was",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - spirit/breath/wind",
"*tāšûḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will return",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which",
"*nətānāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he gave it"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāpār*": "dust/soil/earth (reference to Genesis 3:19)",
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/life-force",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God (plural form used as singular)"
}
}