Revelation 18:19

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Revelation.18.19", "source": "Καὶ ἔβαλον χοῦν ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔκραζον, κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες, λέγοντες, Οὐαὶ, οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἐν ᾗ ἐπλούτησαν πάντες οἱ ἔχοντες πλοῖα ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἐκ τῆς τιμιότητος αὐτῆς! ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη.", "text": "And *ebalon* *choun* upon the *kephalas* of them, and *ekrazon*, *klaiontes* and *penthountes*, *legontes*, *Ouai*, *ouai*, the *polis* the *megalē*, in which *eploutēsan* all the ones *echontes* *ploia* in the *thalassē* from the *timiotētos* of her! because in one *hōra* *ērēmōthē*.", "grammar": { "*ebalon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - threw/cast", "*choun*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - dust/soil", "*epi*": "preposition + accusative - upon/on", "*tas kephalas*": "noun, accusative, feminine, plural - heads", "*autōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them", "*ekrazon*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were crying out/were shouting", "*klaiontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - weeping", "*penthountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - mourning", "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*ouai*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hē polis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*hē megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*en hē*": "preposition + relative pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - in which", "*eploutēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - became rich", "*pantes*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*hoi echontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having/owning", "*ploia*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - ships", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*tē thalassē*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - sea", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*tēs timiotētos*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - costliness/preciousness", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mia hōra*": "numeral + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one hour", "*ērēmōthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was laid waste/was made desolate" }, "variants": { "*ebalon*": "threw/cast/put", "*choun*": "dust/soil/dirt", "*kephalas*": "heads", "*ekrazon*": "were crying out/were shouting/were exclaiming", "*klaiontes*": "weeping/crying/lamenting", "*penthountes*": "mourning/grieving/lamenting", "*legontes*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*ouai*": "woe/alas (expression of grief/distress)", "*polis*": "city/town", "*megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*eploutēsan*": "became rich/wealthy/affluent", "*echontes*": "having/owning/possessing", "*ploia*": "ships/vessels/boats", "*thalassē*": "sea/ocean", "*timiotētos*": "costliness/preciousness/wealth", "*hōra*": "hour/time/moment", "*ērēmōthē*": "was laid waste/was made desolate/was devastated" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ ἔβαλον χοῦν ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔκραζον, κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες, λέγοντες, Οὐαὶ, οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἐν ᾗ ἐπλούτησαν πάντες οἱ ἔχοντες πλοῖα ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἐκ τῆς τιμιότητος αὐτῆς! ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη.

Transliteration

And ebalon choun upon the kephalas of them, and ekrazon, klaiontes and penthountes, legontes, Ouai, ouai, the polis the megalē, in which eploutēsan all the ones echontes ploia in the thalassē from the timiotētos of her! because in one hōra ērēmōthē.

Grammar Details

• *ebalon*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - threw/cast
• *choun*: noun, accusative, masculine, singular - dust/soil
• *epi*: preposition + accusative - upon/on
• *tas kephalas*: noun, accusative, feminine, plural - heads
• *autōn*: personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - of them
• *ekrazon*: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - were crying out/were shouting
• *klaiontes*: present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - weeping
• *penthountes*: present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - mourning
• *legontes*: present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying
• *ouai*: interjection - woe/alas
• *hē polis*: noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city
• *hē megalē*: adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great
• *en hē*: preposition + relative pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - in which
• *eploutēsan*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - became rich
• *pantes*: adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - all
• *hoi echontes*: present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having/owning
• *ploia*: noun, accusative, neuter, plural - ships
• *en*: preposition + dative - in
• *tē thalassē*: noun, dative, feminine, singular - sea
• *ek*: preposition + genitive - from
• *tēs timiotētos*: noun, genitive, feminine, singular - costliness/preciousness
• *autēs*: personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her
• *hoti*: conjunction - because/for
• *mia hōra*: numeral + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one hour
• *ērēmōthē*: aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was laid waste/was made desolate

Word Meanings

• *ebalon*: threw/cast/put
• *choun*: dust/soil/dirt
• *kephalas*: heads
• *ekrazon*: were crying out/were shouting/were exclaiming
• *klaiontes*: weeping/crying/lamenting
• *penthountes*: mourning/grieving/lamenting
• *legontes*: saying/speaking/declaring
• *ouai*: woe/alas (expression of grief/distress)
• *polis*: city/town
• *megalē*: great/large/mighty
• *eploutēsan*: became rich/wealthy/affluent
• *echontes*: having/owning/possessing
• *ploia*: ships/vessels/boats
• *thalassē*: sea/ocean
• *timiotētos*: costliness/preciousness/wealth
• *hōra*: hour/time/moment
• *ērēmōthē*: was laid waste/was made desolate/was devastated

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  And they threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Woe, woe to the great city, in which all who owned ships at sea became rich from her wealth! For in one hour she has been laid waste.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that gat city, whein we made rich all that had ships in the sea by ason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And they threw dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships on the sea were made rich by her wealth! for in one hour she is made desolate.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And{G2532} they cast{G906} dust{G5522} on{G1909} their{G846} heads,{G2776} and{G2532} cried,{G2896} weeping{G2799} and{G2532} mourning,{G3996} saying,{G3004} Woe,{G3759} woe,{G3759} the{G3739} great{G3173} city,{G4172} wherein{G1722} all{G3956} that{G3739} had{G2192} their ships{G4143} in{G1722} the sea{G2281} were made rich by reason of{G1537} her{G846} costliness!{G5094} for{G3754} in one{G1520} hour{G5610} is she made desolate.{G2049}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And{G2532} they cast{G906}{(G5627)} dust{G5522} on{G1909} their{G846} heads{G2776}, and{G2532} cried{G2896}{(G5707)}, weeping{G2799}{(G5723)} and{G2532} wailing{G3996}{(G5723)}, saying{G3004}{(G5723)}, Alas{G3759}, alas{G3759}, that great{G3173} city{G4172}, wherein{G1722}{G3739} were made rich{G4147}{(G5656)} all{G3956} that had{G2192}{(G5723)} ships{G4143} in{G1722} the sea{G2281} by reason of{G1537} her{G846} costliness{G5094}! for{G3754} in one{G3391} hour{G5610} is she made desolate{G2049}{(G5681)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And they cast dust on their heddes and cryed wepynge and waylinge and sayed: Alas Alas yt greate cite wherin were made ryche all that had shyppes in the see by the reason of her costlynes for atone houre is she made desolat

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And they cast dust on their heades, and cryed wepynge, and waylinge, and sayde: Alas, Alas the greate cite, wherin were made ryche all that had shippes in the see, by the reason of her wares: for at one houre is she made desolate.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And they shall cast dust on their heads, and crie, weeping, and wayling, and say, Alas, alas, that great citie, wherein were made rich all that had ships on the sea by her costlinesse: for in one houre she is made desolate.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And they cast dust on their heades, & cryed, wepyng & waylyng, and saying: Alas, alas, that great citie, wherein were made riche all that had shippes in the sea, by reason of her costlynesse, for at one houre is she made desolate.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Woe, woe, the great city, in which all who had their ships in the sea were made rich by reason of her great wealth!' For in one hour is she made desolate.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and they did cast dust upon their heads, and were crying out, weeping and sorrowing, saying, Wo, wo, the great city! in which were made rich all having ships in the sea, out of her costliness -- for in one hour was she made waste.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and mourning, saying, Woe, woe, the great city, wherein all that had their ships in the sea were made rich by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and mourning, saying, Woe, woe, the great city, wherein all that had their ships in the sea were made rich by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And they put dust on their heads, and were sad, weeping and crying, and saying, Sorrow, sorrow for the great town, in which was increased the wealth of all who had their ships on the sea because of her great stores! for in one hour she is made waste.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Woe, woe, the great city, in which all who had their ships in the sea were made rich by reason of her great wealth!' For in one hour is she made desolate.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  And they threw dust on their heads and were shouting with weeping and mourning,“Woe, Woe, O great city– in which all those who had ships on the sea got rich from her wealth– because in a single hour she has been destroyed!”

Referenced Verses

• Josh 7:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.7.6", "source": "וַיִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨יו אַ֜רְצָה לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙ עַד־הָעֶ֔רֶב ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עָפָ֖ר עַל־רֹאשָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqra* *Yehoshua* *simlotaw* and *wayyippol* on-face-his *'artzah* before *'aron* *YHWH* until-the-evening, he and-elders-of *Yisrael*; and *wayya'alu* dust on-head-their.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqra*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore", "*simlotaw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wayyippol*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - fell", "*'artzah*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to the ground", "*'aron*": "noun, masculine singular construct - ark of", "*wayya'alu*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, Hiphil - put up/placed" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqra*": "tore/rent", "*'artzah*": "to the ground/earthward", "*wayya'alu*": "put up/placed/brought up" } }
• Rev 18:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.10", "source": "Ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἑστηκότες διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς, λέγοντες, Οὐαὶ, οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη Βαβυλὼν, ἡ πόλις ἡ ἰσχυρά! ὅτι ἐν μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις σου.", "text": "From *makrothen* *hestēkotes* because of the *phobon* of the *basanismou* of her, *legontes*, *Ouai*, *ouai*, the *polis* the *megalē* *Babylōn*, the *polis* the *ischyra*! because in one *hōra* *ēlthen* the *krisis* of you.", "grammar": { "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*makrothen*": "adverb - from afar/from a distance", "*hestēkotes*": "perfect active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - standing/having stood", "*dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of/on account of", "*ton phobon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - fear", "*tou basanismou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - torment/torture", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*ouai*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hē polis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*hē megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*hē ischyra*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - strong/mighty", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*mia hōra*": "adjective + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one hour", "*ēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - came/has come", "*hē krisis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - judgment", "*sou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you" }, "variants": { "*makrothen*": "from afar/from a distance/far off", "*hestēkotes*": "standing/having stood", "*phobon*": "fear/terror/dread", "*basanismou*": "torment/torture/punishment", "*legontes*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*ouai*": "woe/alas (expression of grief/distress)", "*polis*": "city/town", "*megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*ischyra*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*hōra*": "hour/time/moment", "*ēlthen*": "came/has come/arrived", "*krisis*": "judgment/decision/condemnation" } }
• Job 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Job.2.12", "source": "וַיִּשְׂא֨וּ אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֤ם מֵרָחוֹק֙ וְלֹ֣א הִכִּירֻ֔הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ וַֽיִּקְרְעוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מְעִל֔וֹ וַיִּזְרְק֥וּ עָפָ֛ר עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃", "text": "*wə-yiśʾû ʾeṯ*-*ʿênêhem mē-rāḥôq wə-lōʾ hikkîrûhû wə-yiśʾû qôlām wə-yiḇkû wə-yiqrəʿû ʾîš məʿîlô wə-yizrəqû ʿāp̄ār ʿal*-*rāʾšêhem haš-šāmāyəmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiśʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they lifted up", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun feminine dual construct + 3mp suffix - their eyes", "*mē-rāḥôq*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - from afar", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hikkîrûhû*": "hiphil perfect 3mp + 3ms suffix - they recognized him", "*wə-yiśʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they lifted up", "*qôlām*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3mp suffix - their voice", "*wə-yiḇkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they wept", "*wə-yiqrəʿû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they tore", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man", "*məʿîlô*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his robe", "*wə-yizrəqû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they threw", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun masculine singular - dust", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*rāʾšêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3mp suffix - their heads", "*haš-šāmāyəmāh*": "article + noun masculine dual + directional he - toward the heavens" }, "variants": { "*mē-rāḥôq*": "from afar/from a distance", "*lōʾ hikkîrûhû*": "they did not recognize him/they could not identify him", "*yiśʾû qôlām*": "they lifted up their voice/they cried aloud", "*yiqrəʿû ʾîš məʿîlô*": "each tore his robe (sign of grief)", "*yizrəqû ʿāp̄ār ʿal-rāʾšêhem*": "they threw dust on their heads (mourning ritual)", "*haš-šāmāyəmāh*": "toward the heavens/skyward" } }
• Ezek 27:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.30", "source": "וְהִשְׁמִ֤יעוּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּקוֹלָ֔ם וְיִזְעֲק֖וּ מָרָ֑ה וְיַעֲל֤וּ עֽ͏ָפָר֙ עַל־רָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם בָּאֵ֖פֶר יִתְפַּלָּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "And-*hišmîʿû* against-you [feminine] with-*qôlām*, and-*yizʿăqû* *mārāh*, and-*yaʿălû* *ʿāpār* upon-*rāʾšêhem*, in-the-*ʾēper* *yitpallāšû*", "grammar": { "*hišmîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they will cause to hear/sound", "*qôlām*": "masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*yizʿăqû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will cry out", "*mārāh*": "feminine singular - bitterly", "*yaʿălû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - they will bring up", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular - dust", "*rāʾšêhem*": "masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heads", "*ʾēper*": "masculine singular - ashes", "*yitpallāšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they will roll themselves" }, "variants": { "*hišmîʿû*": "they will cause to hear/raise/lift up", "*mārāh*": "bitterly/with bitterness", "*yitpallāšû*": "they will roll themselves/wallow" } }
• Rev 17:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.16", "source": "Καὶ τὰ δέκα κέρατα ἃ εἶδες ἐπὶ τὸ θηρίον, οὗτοι μισήσουσιν τὴν πόρνην, καὶ ἠρημωμένην ποιήσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ γυμνήν, καὶ τὰς σάρκας αὐτῆς φάγονται, καὶ αὐτὴν κατακαύσουσιν ἐν πυρί.", "text": "And the *deka* *kerata* which *eides* upon the *thērion*, these *misēsousin* the *pornēn*, and *ērēmōmenēn* *poiēsousin* her and *gymnēn*, and the *sarkas* of her *phagontai*, and her *katakausousin* in *pyri*.", "grammar": { "*deka*": "cardinal number - ten", "*kerata*": "nominative plural neuter - horns", "*eides*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - you saw", "*thērion*": "accusative singular neuter - beast", "*misēsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will hate", "*pornēn*": "accusative singular feminine - prostitute", "*ērēmōmenēn*": "perfect passive participle, accusative singular feminine - having been made desolate", "*poiēsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will make", "*gymnēn*": "accusative singular feminine - naked", "*sarkas*": "accusative plural feminine - flesh/bodies", "*phagontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - they will eat", "*katakausousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will burn completely", "*pyri*": "dative singular neuter - with fire" }, "variants": { "*kerata*": "horns/powers/authorities", "*thērion*": "beast/wild animal/brutal entity", "*misēsousin*": "will hate/will detest/will abhor", "*pornēn*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*ērēmōmenēn*": "desolate/devastated/laid waste", "*poiēsousin*": "will make/will render/will cause to be", "*gymnēn*": "naked/bare/exposed", "*sarkas*": "flesh/physical bodies/mortal parts", "*phagontai*": "will eat/will devour/will consume", "*katakausousin*": "will burn completely/will consume with fire/will incinerate", "*pyri*": "fire/flame/burning" } }
• Rev 18:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.3", "source": "Ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πέπτωκαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς μετʼ αὐτῆς ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ οἱ ἔμποροι τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ στρήνους αὐτῆς ἐπλούτησαν.", "text": "Because from the *oinou* of the *thymou* of the *porneias* of her *peptōkan* all the *ethnē*, and the *basileis* of the *gēs* with her *eporneusan*, and the *emporoi* of the *gēs* from the *dynameōs* of the *strēnous* of her *eploutēsan*.", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*tou oinou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wine", "*tou thymou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - wrath/passion/fury", "*tēs porneias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - fornication/sexual immorality", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*peptōkan*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person plural - have fallen/have drunk", "*panta*": "adjective, nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*ta ethnē*": "noun, nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - kings/rulers", "*tēs gēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*met'*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - her", "*eporneusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - committed fornication/sexual immorality", "*emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants/traders", "*dynameōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - power/might/abundance", "*strēnous*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - luxury/sensuality/wantonness", "*eploutēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - became rich/wealthy" }, "variants": { "*oinou*": "wine/intoxicating drink", "*thymou*": "wrath/passion/fury/anger", "*porneias*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*peptōkan*": "have fallen/have drunk/have been corrupted", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*basileis*": "kings/rulers/monarchs", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*eporneusan*": "committed sexual immorality/fornicated with", "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*dynameōs*": "power/might/strength/abundance", "*strēnous*": "luxury/sensuality/wantonness/self-indulgence", "*eploutēsan*": "became rich/wealthy/affluent" } }
• Rev 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.8", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἥξουσιν αἱ πληγαὶ αὐτῆς, θάνατος, καὶ πένθος, καὶ λιμός· καὶ ἐν πυρὶ κατακαυθήσεται: ὅτι ἰσχυρὸς Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ κρίνων αὐτήν.", "text": "Because of this in one *hēmera* *hēxousin* the *plēgai* of her, *thanatos*, and *penthos*, and *limos*; and in *pyri* she *katakauthēsetai*: because *ischyros* *Kyrios* the *Theos* the one *krinōn* her.", "grammar": { "*dia touto*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - because of this/therefore", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*mia hēmera*": "adjective + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one day", "*hēxousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will come", "*hai plēgai*": "noun, nominative, feminine, plural - plagues/calamities", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*thanatos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - death", "*penthos*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - grief/mourning", "*limos*": "noun, nominative, masculine/feminine, singular - famine/hunger", "*pyri*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - fire", "*katakauthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be burned up/consumed", "*ischyros*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - mighty/strong", "*Kyrios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*ho Theos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ho krinōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - judging/who judges", "*autēn*": "personal pronoun, accusative, feminine, singular - her" }, "variants": { "*hēmera*": "day/daytime", "*hēxousin*": "will come/will arrive", "*plēgai*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*thanatos*": "death/mortality", "*penthos*": "grief/mourning/sorrow", "*limos*": "famine/hunger/scarcity of food", "*pyri*": "fire/flame", "*katakauthēsetai*": "will be burned up/consumed by fire/incinerated", "*ischyros*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/master", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*krinōn*": "judging/who judges/condemning" } }
• 1 Sam 4:12 : 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.12", "source": "וַיָּ֤רָץ אִישׁ־בִּנְיָמִן֙ מֵהַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שִׁלֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וּמַדָּ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wə* *yāroṣ* *'îš*-*binyāmin* from-the-*ma'ărākāh* and *wə* *yāvō'* *šilōh* on-the-*yôm* the-*hû'* and-*maddāw* *qəru'îm* and-*'ădāmāh* on-his-head *rō'šô*.", "grammar": { "*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he ran", "*'îš*": "masculine singular construct - man of", "*binyāmin*": "proper noun - Benjamin", "*ma'ărākāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the battle array", "*yāvō'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he came", "*šilōh*": "proper noun - Shiloh", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*hû'*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun with definite article - that", "*maddāw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*qəru'îm*": "qal passive participle masculine plural - torn", "*'ădāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - soil, earth, ground", "*rō'šô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head" }, "variants": { "*yāroṣ*": "he ran, he rushed", "*ma'ărākāh*": "battle array, battlefield, battle line", "*maddāw*": "garments, clothes, uniform", "*qəru'îm*": "torn, rent", "*'ădāmāh*": "soil, earth, ground, dirt" } }
• 2 Sam 13:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.19", "source": "וַתִּקַּ֨ח תָּמָ֥ר אֵ֙פֶר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וּכְתֹ֧נֶת הַפַּסִּ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יהָ קָרָ֑עָה וַתָּ֤שֶׂם יָדָהּ֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְזָעָֽקָה׃", "text": "*wə-tiqqaḥ* *Tāmār* *ʾēper* upon-*rōšāh* *û-kətōnet* the-*passîm* which upon-her *qārāʿāh* *wə-tāśem* *yādāh* upon-*rōšāh* *wə-tēlek* *hālôk* *wə-zāʿāqāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-tiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she took", "*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Tamar", "*ʾēper*": "masculine singular noun - ashes/dust", "*rōšāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her head", "*û-kətōnet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular construct noun - and the tunic of", "*passîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the pieces/colorful", "*qārāʿāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she tore", "*wə-tāśem*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she placed", "*yādāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her hand", "*wə-tēlek*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she went", "*hālôk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going", "*wə-zāʿāqāh*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and she cried out" }, "variants": { "*wə-tiqqaḥ*": "and she took/and she placed", "*ʾēper*": "ashes/dust/dirt", "*qārāʿāh*": "she tore/she rent/she ripped", "*wə-tāśem*": "and she placed/and she put/and she laid", "*wə-tēlek* *hālôk*": "and she went walking/and she went continually/and she went away", "*wə-zāʿāqāh*": "and she cried out/and she screamed/and she wailed" } }
• Neh 9:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.1", "source": "וּבְיוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֗ה נֶאֶסְפ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּצ֣וֹם וּבְשַׂקִּ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And in *yôm* twenty and four of *ḥōdeš* the *zeh*, *neʾespû* *bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* in *ṣôm* and in *śaqqîm* and *ʾădāmâ* upon them.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day", "*ḥōdeš*": "masculine singular - month", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*neʾespû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person plural - were gathered/assembled", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ṣôm*": "masculine singular - fast(ing)", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural - sackcloth", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular - earth/soil/dust" }, "variants": { "*neʾespû*": "were gathered/assembled/came together", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of", "*ṣôm*": "fasting/fast", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth/rough garments of mourning", "*ʾădāmâ*": "earth/soil/dust/ground" } }
• Rev 18:15-17 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.15", "source": "Οἱ ἔμποροι τούτων, οἱ πλουτήσαντες ἀπʼ αὐτῆς, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν στήσονται διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς, κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες,", "text": "The *emporoi* of these things, the ones *ploutēsantes* from her, from *makrothen* *stēsontai* because of the *phobon* of the *basanismou* of her, *klaiontes* and *penthountes*,", "grammar": { "*hoi emporoi*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - merchants/traders", "*toutōn*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, neuter, plural - of these things", "*hoi ploutēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having become rich", "*ap'*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - her", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*makrothen*": "adverb - from afar/from a distance", "*stēsontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - will stand", "*dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of/on account of", "*ton phobon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - fear", "*tou basanismou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - torment/torture", "*autēs*": "personal pronoun, genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*klaiontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - weeping", "*penthountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - mourning" }, "variants": { "*emporoi*": "merchants/traders/businessmen", "*ploutēsantes*": "having become rich/wealthy/affluent", "*makrothen*": "from afar/from a distance/far off", "*stēsontai*": "will stand/will position themselves", "*phobon*": "fear/terror/dread", "*basanismou*": "torment/torture/punishment", "*klaiontes*": "weeping/crying/lamenting", "*penthountes*": "mourning/grieving/lamenting" } } 16 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.16", "source": "Καὶ λέγοντες, Οὐαὶ, οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη, ἡ περιβεβλημένη βύσσινον, καὶ πορφυροῦν, καὶ κόκκινον, καὶ κεχρυσωμένη ἐν χρυσῷ, καὶ λίθῳ τιμίῳ, καὶ μαργαρίταις!", "text": "And *legontes*, *Ouai*, *ouai*, the *polis* the *megalē*, the one *peribeblēmenē* *byssinon*, and *porphyroun*, and *kokkinon*, and *kechrysōmenē* in *chrysō*, and *lithō timiō*, and *margaritais*!", "grammar": { "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*ouai*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*hē polis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*hē megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*hē peribeblēmenē*": "perfect middle/passive participle, nominative, feminine, singular - clothed/dressed", "*byssinon*": "adjective used as noun, accusative, neuter, singular - fine linen", "*porphyroun*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - purple", "*kokkinon*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - scarlet", "*kechrysōmenē*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, feminine, singular - gilded/adorned with gold", "*en*": "preposition + dative - with/in", "*chrysō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - gold", "*lithō timiō*": "noun + adjective, dative, masculine, singular - precious stone", "*margaritais*": "noun, dative, masculine, plural - pearls" }, "variants": { "*legontes*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*ouai*": "woe/alas (expression of grief/distress)", "*polis*": "city/town", "*megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*peribeblēmenē*": "clothed/dressed/adorned", "*byssinon*": "fine linen/expensive cloth", "*porphyroun*": "purple cloth/purple-colored", "*kokkinon*": "scarlet/crimson/red", "*kechrysōmenē*": "gilded/adorned with gold/decorated with gold", "*chrysō*": "gold", "*lithō timiō*": "precious stone/gemstone", "*margaritais*": "pearls" } } 17 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.17", "source": "Ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος. Καὶ πᾶς κυβερνήτης, καὶ πᾶς ἐπὶ τῶν πλοίων ὁ ὅμιλος, καὶ ναῦται, καὶ ὅσοι τὴν θάλασσαν ἐργάζονται, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν,", "text": "Because in one *hōra* *ērēmōthē* the such great *ploutos*. And every *kybernētēs*, and every *epi* the *ploiōn* the *homilos*, and *nautai*, and as many as the *thalassan* *ergazontai*, from *makrothen* *estēsan*,", "grammar": { "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mia hōra*": "numeral + noun, dative, feminine, singular - one hour", "*ērēmōthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was laid waste/was made desolate", "*ho tosoutos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - such great/so great", "*ploutos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - wealth/riches", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*kybernētēs*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - ship captain/pilot", "*epi*": "preposition + genitive - on/upon", "*tōn ploiōn*": "noun, genitive, neuter, plural - ships", "*ho homilos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - crowd/company", "*nautai*": "noun, nominative, masculine, plural - sailors", "*hosoi*": "correlative pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - as many as", "*tēn thalassan*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*ergazontai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd person plural - work/trade", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*makrothen*": "adverb - from afar/from a distance", "*estēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - stood" }, "variants": { "*hōra*": "hour/time/moment", "*ērēmōthē*": "was laid waste/was made desolate/was devastated", "*ploutos*": "wealth/riches/affluence", "*kybernētēs*": "ship captain/pilot/helmsman", "*ploiōn*": "ships/vessels/boats", "*homilos*": "crowd/company/throng", "*nautai*": "sailors/seamen", "*thalassan*": "sea/ocean", "*ergazontai*": "work on/trade on/make their living from", "*makrothen*": "from afar/from a distance/far off", "*estēsan*": "stood/took their stand/positioned themselves" } }