Isa 24:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.1",
"source": "הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*Hinnēh* *YHWH* *bōqēq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*bōləqāh* and-*ʿiwwāh* *pānehā* and-*hēpîṣ* *yōšəbehā*",
"grammar": {
"*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject of following verbs",
"*bōqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - emptying/laying waste",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*bōləqāh*": "Qal participle with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - emptying/making void it (feminine)",
"*ʿiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - distorts/twists",
"*pānehā*": "common noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its face/surface",
"*hēpîṣ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - scatters/disperses",
"*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants"
},
"variants": {
"*bōqēq*": "empties/lays waste/makes void",
"*bōləqāh*": "empties it/makes it void/devastates it",
"*ʿiwwāh*": "distorts/twists/perverts/ruins",
"*pānehā*": "its face/its surface/its appearance",
"*hēpîṣ*": "scatters/disperses/spreads abroad"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.2",
"source": "וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֙בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*hāyāh* like-the-*ʿām* like-the-*kōhēn*, like-the-*ʿebed* like-*ʾadōnāyw*, like-the-*šipḥāh* like-*gəbirtāh*, like-the-*qōneh* like-the-*mōkēr*, like-the-*malweh* like-the-*lōweh*, like-the-*nōšeh* like-*ʾašer* *nōśēʾ* in-him",
"grammar": {
"*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be",
"*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the people",
"*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the priest",
"*ʿebed*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the servant",
"*ʾadōnāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition כ - like his masters",
"*šipḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the maidservant",
"*gəbirtāh*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition כ - like her mistress",
"*qōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the buyer",
"*mōkēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the seller",
"*malweh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the lender",
"*lōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the borrower",
"*nōšeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the creditor",
"*ʾašer*": "relative pronoun with preposition כ - like one who",
"*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bearing/carrying/owing",
"בֽוֹ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him/to him"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall happen",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation",
"*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave",
"*ʾadōnāyw*": "his masters/his lords",
"*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave",
"*gəbirtāh*": "her mistress/her lady",
"*qōneh*": "buyer/purchaser",
"*mōkēr*": "seller/vendor",
"*malweh*": "lender/creditor",
"*lōweh*": "borrower/debtor",
"*nōšeh*": "creditor/one who lends",
"*nōśēʾ*": "bearing/carrying/owing debt"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.3",
"source": "הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*Hibbōq* *tibbōq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*hibbōz* *tibbōz* *kî* *YHWH* *dibbēr* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*",
"grammar": {
"*Hibbōq*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly emptied",
"*tibbōq*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be emptied",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*hibbōz*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly plundered",
"*tibbōz*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be plundered",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*dābār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word/thing/matter",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this"
},
"variants": {
"*Hibbōq tibbōq*": "will be utterly emptied/completely laid waste/certainly devastated",
"*hibbōz tibbōz*": "will be utterly plundered/completely despoiled/certainly looted",
"*kî*": "for/because/indeed",
"*dibbēr*": "has spoken/has said/has declared",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/speech"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.4",
"source": "אָבְלָ֤ה נָֽבְלָה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֻמְלְלָ֥ה נָבְלָ֖ה תֵּבֵ֑ל אֻמְלָ֖לוּ מְר֥וֹם עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*ʾābəlāh* *nābəlāh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾuməlelāh* *nābəlāh* *tēbēl* *ʾumləlû* *mərôm* *ʿam*-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns",
"*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/weakens",
"*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades",
"*tēbēl*": "common noun, feminine singular - world/habitable earth",
"*ʾumləlû*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person common plural - languish/are weakened",
"*mərôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - height/exalted ones",
"*ʿam*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾābəlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves",
"*nābəlāh*": "withers/fades/decays",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/weakens/droops",
"*tēbēl*": "world/habitable earth/inhabited land",
"*ʾumləlû*": "languish/are weakened/droop",
"*mərôm*": "height/exalted ones/lofty people",
"*ʿam-hāʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/prominent people"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.5",
"source": "וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "And-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥānəpāh* *taḥat* *yōšəbehā* *kî*-*ʿābərû* *tôrōt* *ḥāləpû* *ḥōq* *hēpērû* *bərît* *ʿôlām*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*ḥānəpāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is polluted/defiled",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath",
"*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʿābərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have transgressed",
"*tôrōt*": "common noun, feminine plural - laws/teachings/instructions",
"*ḥāləpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have violated/changed",
"*ḥōq*": "common noun, masculine singular - statute/decree/ordinance",
"*hēpērû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have broken",
"*bərît*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*ʿôlām*": "common noun, masculine singular - everlasting/perpetuity"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥānəpāh*": "is polluted/is defiled/is profaned",
"*taḥat*": "under/beneath/because of",
"*ʿābərû*": "have transgressed/have violated/have passed over",
"*tôrōt*": "laws/teachings/instructions",
"*ḥāləpû*": "have violated/have changed/have altered",
"*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance/boundary",
"*hēpērû*": "have broken/have annulled/have made void",
"*bərît ʿôlām*": "everlasting covenant/eternal agreement/perpetual treaty"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.6",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר׃",
"text": "*ʿal-kēn* *ʾālāh* *ʾākəlāh* *ʾereṣ* and-*yeʾəšəmû* *yōšəbê* in-her *ʿal-kēn* *ḥārû* *yōšəbê* *ʾereṣ* and-*nišʾar* *ʾěnôš* *mizʿār*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore/because of this",
"*ʾālāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - curse/oath",
"*ʾākəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured",
"*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*yeʾəšəmû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they are guilty/desolate",
"*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"בָ֑הּ": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her/in it",
"*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore/because of this",
"*ḥārû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - are burned/scorched",
"*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left/remains",
"*ʾěnôš*": "common noun, masculine singular - mankind/people/men",
"*mizʿār*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition מ - few/small number"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾālāh*": "curse/oath/imprecation",
"*ʾākəlāh*": "has devoured/has consumed/has eaten up",
"*yeʾəšəmû*": "are guilty/are desolate/bear their punishment",
"*ḥārû*": "are burned/are scorched/are parched",
"*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared",
"*ʾěnôš*": "mankind/humanity/mortal men",
"*mizʿār*": "few/small number/tiny remnant"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.7",
"source": "אָבַ֥ל תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלְלָה־גָ֑פֶן נֶאֶנְח֖וּ כָּל־שִׂמְחֵי־לֵֽב׃",
"text": "*ʾābal* *tîrôš* *ʾuməlelāh*-*gāpen* *neʾenḥû* all-*śimḥê*-*lēb*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾābal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - mourns",
"*tîrôš*": "common noun, masculine singular - new wine",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/withers",
"*gāpen*": "common noun, feminine singular - vine",
"*neʾenḥû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - sigh/groan",
"*śimḥê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - joyful of/merry of",
"*lēb*": "common noun, masculine singular - heart"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾābal*": "mourns/laments/dries up",
"*tîrôš*": "new wine/fresh grape juice",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/withers/droops",
"*gāpen*": "vine/grapevine",
"*neʾenḥû*": "sigh/groan/moan",
"*śimḥê-lēb*": "merry-hearted/joyful ones/those of joyful heart"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.8",
"source": "שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁא֣וֹן עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ כִּנּֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*šābat* *məśôś* *tuppîm* *ḥādal* *šəʾôn* *ʿallîzîm* *šābat* *məśôś* *kinnôr*",
"grammar": {
"*šābat*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases",
"*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - mirth/joy of",
"*tuppîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - timbrels/tambourines",
"*ḥādal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases",
"*šəʾôn*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - noise/tumult of",
"*ʿallîzîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - jubilant ones/exultant ones",
"*šābat*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceases",
"*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - mirth/joy of",
"*kinnôr*": "common noun, masculine singular - lyre/harp"
},
"variants": {
"*šābat*": "ceases/stops/is stilled",
"*məśôś*": "mirth/joy/gaiety",
"*tuppîm*": "timbrels/tambourines/drums",
"*ḥādal*": "ceases/stops/comes to an end",
"*šəʾôn*": "noise/tumult/uproar",
"*ʿallîzîm*": "jubilant ones/exultant ones/revelers",
"*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.9",
"source": "בַּשִּׁ֖יר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתּוּ־יָ֑יִן יֵמַ֥ר שֵׁכָ֖ר לְשֹׁתָֽיו׃",
"text": "With-the-*šîr* not *yištû*-*yāyin* *yēmar* *šēkār* to-*šōtāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*šîr*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition ב and definite article - with song",
"*yištû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will drink",
"*yāyin*": "common noun, masculine singular - wine",
"*yēmar*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is bitter",
"*šēkār*": "common noun, masculine singular - strong drink",
"*šōtāyw*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its drinkers"
},
"variants": {
"*šîr*": "song/singing",
"*yištû*": "they will drink/they shall drink",
"*yāyin*": "wine/fermented grape juice",
"*yēmar*": "is bitter/turns bitter/becomes distasteful",
"*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage",
"*šōtāyw*": "its drinkers/those who drink it"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.10",
"source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה קִרְיַת־תֹּ֑הוּ סֻגַּ֥ר כָּל־בַּ֖יִת מִבּֽוֹא׃",
"text": "*nišbərāh* *qiryat*-*tōhû* *suggar* all-*bayit* from-*bôʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*nišbərāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is broken down",
"*qiryat*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - city of",
"*tōhû*": "common noun, masculine singular - emptiness/chaos",
"*suggar*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is shut up",
"*bayit*": "common noun, masculine singular - house",
"*bôʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition מ - from entering"
},
"variants": {
"*nišbərāh*": "is broken down/is shattered/is ruined",
"*qiryat-tōhû*": "city of chaos/town of emptiness/city of confusion",
"*suggar*": "is shut up/is closed/is barred",
"*bôʾ*": "entering/going in/coming"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.11",
"source": "צְוָחָ֥ה עַל־הַיַּ֖יִן בַּֽחוּצ֑וֹת עָֽרְבָה֙ כָּל־שִׂמְחָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*ṣəwāḥāh* over-the-*yayin* in-the-*ḥûṣôt* *ʿārəbāh* all-*śimḥāh* *gālāh* *məśôś* the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*ṣəwāḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - outcry/wailing",
"*yayin*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition על - over the wine",
"*ḥûṣôt*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition ב and definite article - in the streets",
"*ʿārəbāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has darkened/grown evening",
"*śimḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - joy/gladness",
"*gālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has gone into exile/departed",
"*məśôś*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - joy of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəwāḥāh*": "outcry/wailing/cry of distress",
"*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/public squares",
"*ʿārəbāh*": "has darkened/grown evening/become gloomy/passed away",
"*śimḥāh*": "joy/gladness/mirth",
"*gālāh*": "has gone into exile/departed/been removed",
"*məśôś*": "joy/gladness/gaiety"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.12",
"source": "נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּעִ֖יר שַׁמָּ֑ה וּשְׁאִיָּ֖ה יֻכַּת־שָֽׁעַר׃",
"text": "*nišʾar* in-the-*ʿîr* *šammāh* and-*šəʾiyyāh* *yukkat*-*šāʿar*",
"grammar": {
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left",
"*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the city",
"*šammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - desolation",
"*šəʾiyyāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with conjunction ו - and devastation",
"*yukkat*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is beaten down",
"*šāʿar*": "common noun, masculine singular - gate"
},
"variants": {
"*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared",
"*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*šəʾiyyāh*": "devastation/ruin/crash",
"*yukkat*": "is beaten down/is battered/is struck",
"*šāʿar*": "gate/entrance/city gate"
}
}