Joshua 10:1

KJV1611 – Modern English

Now it happened, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai and utterly destroyed it—just as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king—and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם כִּֽי־לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־הָעַי֮ וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כֵּן־עָשָׂ֥ה לָעַ֖י וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ וְכִ֨י הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֤י גִבְעוֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם

Transliteration

And wayəhî when kišəmōʿa ʾăḏōnî-ṣeḏeq king of yərûšālaim that lākaḏ yəhôšuaʿ ʾet-hāʿay and wayyaḥărîmāh, as that ʿāśāh to yərîḥô and to king-her, so ʿāśāh to hāʿay and to king-her, and that hišəlîmû inhabitants of gibəʿôn ʾet-yiśərāʾēl and wayyihəyû in qirəbām

Grammar Details

• *wayəhî*: waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it came to pass
• *kišəmōʿa*: infinitive construct with preposition kaf - when hearing
• *ʾăḏōnî-ṣeḏeq*: proper noun, masculine singular - Adoni-Zedek (lord of righteousness)
• *yərûšālaim*: proper noun - Jerusalem
• *lākaḏ*: perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - captured/took
• *yəhôšuaʿ*: proper noun - Joshua
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *hāʿay*: proper noun with definite article - Ai (the ruin)
• *wayyaḥărîmāh*: waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and he devoted it to destruction
• *ʿāśāh*: perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - did/made
• *yərîḥô*: proper noun - Jericho
• *hišəlîmû*: perfect verb, hiphil stem, 3rd person plural - made peace
• *gibəʿôn*: proper noun - Gibeon
• *yiśərāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *wayyihəyû*: waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they became/were
• *qirəbām*: noun with possessive suffix, 3rd person masculine plural - their midst

Word Meanings

• *wayəhî*: and it happened/came to pass/was
• *kišəmōʿa*: when hearing/when learning/as heard
• *lākaḏ*: captured/seized/took
• *wayyaḥărîmāh*: and he devoted it to destruction/completely destroyed it/put it under the ban
• *hišəlîmû*: made peace/allied themselves/came to terms
• *wayyihəyû*: and they were/became/existed
• *qirəbām*: their midst/among them/inside them

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Now when Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction—doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king—and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living among them,

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how hua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king), and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Whan Adonisedech the kynge of Ierusalem herde, that Iosua had wonne Hai, and damned it, and done vnto Hai and ye kynge of it, like as he dyd vnto Iericho and to the kynge therof, and that they of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were come vnder them, they were sore afrayed.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Now when Adoni-zedek King of Ierusalem had heard how Ioshua had taken Ai and had destroyed it, ( for as he had done to Iericho and to the King thereof, so he had done to Ai and to the King thereof) and howe the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Nowe when Adonizedec kyng of Hierusalem had hearde howe Iosuah had taken Ai and had destroyed it: (and howe that as he had done to Iericho and her king, euen so he had done to Ai and her king) and howe the inhabitours of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Now it happened, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it cometh to pass, when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heareth that Joshua hath captured Ai, and doth devote it (as he had done to Jericho and to her king so he hath done to Ai and to her king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon have made peace with Israel, and are in their midst, --

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king), and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Now when it came to the ears of Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, that Joshua had taken Ai, and had given it up to the curse (for as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king); and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living among them;

• World English Bible (2000)

  Now it happened when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Israel Defeats an Amorite Coalition Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua captured Ai and annihilated it and its king as he did Jericho and its king. He also heard how the people of Gibeon made peace with Israel and lived among them.

Referenced Verses

• Gen 14:18 : 18 And Melchizedek, king of Salem, brought forth bread and wine; he was the priest of God Most High.
• Josh 6:21 : 21 And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and donkey, with the edge of the sword.
• Josh 8:2 : 2 And you shall do to Ai and her king as you did to Jericho and her king, only the spoil and the cattle shall you take for a prey for yourselves; lay an ambush for the city behind it.
• Josh 8:22-29 : 22 And the others issued out of the city against them; so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side and some on that side; and they struck them so that none of them remained or escaped. 23 And the king of Ai they took alive and brought him to Joshua. 24 And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness where they chased them, and when they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned to Ai and struck it with the edge of the sword. 25 And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, all the men of Ai. 26 For Joshua did not draw his hand back, with which he stretched out the spear, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai. 27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey for themselves, according to the word of the LORD which he commanded Joshua. 28 And Joshua burned Ai and made it a heap forever, even a desolation to this day. 29 And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until evening; and as soon as the sun was down, Joshua commanded that they should take his corpse down from the tree and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raise over it a great heap of stones, that remains to this day.
• Josh 9:15-27 : 15 And Joshua made peace with them, and made a treaty with them, to let them live: and the leaders of the congregation swore to them. 16 And it happened at the end of three days after they had made a treaty with them, that they heard that they were their neighbors, and that they lived among them. 17 And the children of Israel journeyed and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kirjathjearim. 18 And the children of Israel did not strike them, because the leaders of the congregation had sworn to them by the LORD God of Israel. And all the congregation complained against the leaders. 19 But all the leaders said to all the congregation, We have sworn to them by the LORD God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them. 20 This we will do to them; we will let them live, lest wrath be upon us because of the oath we swore to them. 21 And the leaders said to them, Let them live; but let them be woodcutters and water carriers for all the congregation, as the leaders had promised them. 22 And Joshua called for them, and he spoke to them, saying, Why have you deceived us, saying, We are very far from you; when you dwell among us? 23 Now therefore you are cursed, and none of you shall be freed from being servants, woodcutters, and water carriers for the house of my God. 24 And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told to your servants how the LORD your God commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were very afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing. 25 And now, see, we are in your hand: do to us as it seems good and right to you to do. 26 And so he did to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they did not kill them. 27 And Joshua made them that day woodcutters and water carriers for the congregation, and for the altar of the LORD, even to this day, in the place which He would choose.
• Josh 11:19-20 : 19 There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, except the Hivites, the inhabitants of Gibeon: all others they took in battle. 20 For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might find no favor, but that he might destroy them, as the LORD commanded Moses.
• Heb 7:1 : 1 For this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings, and blessed him;