Verse 13

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.17.13", "source": "וַיָּ֣עַד יְהוָ֡ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה בְּיַד֩ כָּל־נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר שֻׁ֜֠בוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֤ם הָֽרָעִים֙ וְשִׁמְרוּ֙ מִצְוֺתַ֣י חֻקּוֹתַ֔י כְּכָ֨ל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yāʿad* *YHWH* in-*yisrāʾēl* and-in-*yəhūdāh* by-*yad* all-*nəbîʾê* all-*ḥōzeh* *lēmōr*: *shūbū* from-*darkêkem* the-*rāʿîm* and-*shimrū* *miṣwōtay* *ḥuqqōtay* like-all-the-*tōrāh* *ʾăsher* *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem*, and-*ʾăsher* *shālaḥtî* to-you by-*yad* *ʿăbāday* the-*nəbîʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yāʿad*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he testified/warned", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*bə-yisrāʾēl*": "preposition with proper noun - in Israel", "*u-bî-yəhūdāh*": "conjunction, preposition with proper noun - and in Judah", "*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of", "*kol-nəbîʾê*": "construct with noun - all prophets of", "*kol-ḥōzeh*": "construct with noun - every seer", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*shūbū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - turn back", "*mi-darkêkem*": "preposition with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - from your ways", "*hā-rāʿîm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the evil", "*wə-shimrū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - keep", "*miṣwōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my commandments", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my statutes", "*kə-kol-ha-tōrāh*": "preposition with construct and definite noun - according to all the law", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect, 1st common singular - I commanded", "*ʾet-ʾăbōtêkem*": "direct object marker with noun and 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*wa-ʾăsher*": "conjunction with relative pronoun - and which", "*shālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*bə-yad*": "preposition with construct - by hand of", "*ʿăbāday*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my servants", "*ha-nəbîʾîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the prophets" }, "variants": { "*yāʿad*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*nəbîʾê*": "prophets of", "*ḥōzeh*": "seer/visionary", "*shūbū*": "turn back/return/repent", "*darkêkem hā-rāʿîm*": "your evil ways/your wicked paths", "*shimrū*": "keep/observe/guard", "*tōrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Selv om Herren advarte Israel og Juda gjennom alle sine profeter og seere, sa han: 'Vend om fra deres onde veier og hold mine bud og lover, som jeg gav deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere gjennom mine tjenere, profetene.'

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Herrens vitnesbyrd var mot Israel og Juda, ved alle profetene og seerne, idet han sa: Vend om fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og forskrifter i henhold til all den loven som jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg sendte dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• Norsk King James

  Likevel vitnet Herren mot Israel, og mot Juda, gjennom alle profetene og seerne, og sa: Vend om fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og mine forskrifter, i samsvar med all loven som jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjener, profetene.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Herren vitnet mot Israel og mot Juda gjennom alle profetene og seerne og sa: Vend om fra deres onde veier og hold mine bud og forskrifter etter hele loven jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjenere, profetene.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Herren advarte Israel og Juda gjennom alle sine profeter og seere, og sa: Vend om fra deres onde veier og hold mine bud og forskrifter, i samsvar med hele loven jeg befalte deres fedre og sendte til dere gjennom mine tjenere profetene.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Men Herren vitnet mot Israel og mot Juda gjennom alle profetene og alle seerne, og sa: Vend dere bort fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og forskrifter, i samsvar med hele loven som jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Likevel vitnet HERREN mot Israel og mot Juda gjennom alle profetene og varslerne, og sa: 'Vend dere bort fra deres onde veier og hold mine bud og mine lover, slik som jeg befalt deres fedre og sendte til dere gjennom mine tjenere profetene.'

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Men Herren vitnet mot Israel og mot Juda gjennom alle profetene og alle seerne, og sa: Vend dere bort fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og forskrifter, i samsvar med hele loven som jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Herren hadde advart Israel og Juda gjennom alle sine profeter og seere og sagt: 'Vend om fra deres onde veier og hold mine bud og lover, i samsvar med hele loven jeg ga deres fedre og sendte til dere gjennom mine tjenere profetene!'

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Yet the Lord warned Israel and Judah through all His prophets and seers, saying, 'Turn back from your evil ways and keep My commandments and statutes according to the entire law I commanded your fathers to follow, and which I sent to you through My servants the prophets.'

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Men Herren advarte Israel og Juda gjennom alle profetene og seerne, og sa: 'Vend om fra deres onde veier, hold mine bud og forskrifter, i henhold til den lov som jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg har sendt til dere ved mine tjenere, profetene.'

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og Herren havde ladet vidne i Israel og i Juda formedelst alle Propheter, alle Seere, sigende: Vender om fra eders onde Veie og holder mine Bud, mine Skikke, efter al den Lov, som jeg bød eders Fædre, og som jeg sendte til eder om formedelst mine Tjenere, Propheterne.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Likevel vitnet Herren mot Israel og Juda gjennom alle profetene og alle seerne, og sa: Vend om fra deres onde veier, hold mine bud og forskrifter i samsvar med hele loven som jeg ga deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere gjennom mine tjenere profetene.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Yet the LORD testified against Israel and against Judah, by all the prophets and by all the seers, saying, Turn from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Likevel vitnet Herren mot Israel og Juda ved alle profetene og alle seerne, og sa: Vend om fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og lover i henhold til hele den loven jeg befalte deres fedre, og som jeg sendte dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Herren vitnet mot Israel og mot Juda ved hjelp av hver profet og hver seer, og sa: 'Vend tilbake fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og forordninger etter hele loven som jeg påla deres fedre og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Men Herren vitnet mot Israel og mot Juda gjennom alle sine profeter og seere og sa: Vend dere bort fra deres onde veier, og hold mine bud og forskrifter, etter hele den loven som jeg påla deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Han vitnet til Israel og Juda gjennom alle profetene og seerne, og sa: Vend tilbake fra deres onde veier og hold mine befalinger og forskrifter, i samsvar med hele loven som jeg ga deres fedre, og som jeg sendte til dere ved mine tjenere profetene.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And whan the LORDE testified in Israel and Iuda by all the prophetes and Seers, sayenge: O turne agayne from youre euell wayes, and kepe my commaundemetes and ordynaunces, acordinge to all ye lawe which I gaue vnto youre fathers, and that I sent vnto you by my seruauntes the prophetes:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Notwithstanding the Lord testified to Israel, and to Iudah by all the Prophets, & by all the Seers, saying, Turne from your euill wayes, and keepe my commandements & my statutes, according to all the Lawe, which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my seruants the Prophets.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the Lorde testified in Israel and in Iuda by all the prophetes and by all the sears, saying: Turne from your wicked wayes, and kepe my commaundementes and my statutes, according to all the law which I commaunded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my seruauntes the prophetes.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, [and by] all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments [and] my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Yet Yahweh testified to Israel, and to Judah, by every prophet, and every seer, saying, Turn you from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Jehovah testifieth against Israel, and against Judah, by the hand of every prophet, and every seer, saying, `Turn back from your evil ways, and keep My commands, My statutes, according to all the law that I commanded your fathers, and that I sent unto you by the hand of My servants the prophets;'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Yet Jehovah testified unto Israel, and unto Judah, by every prophet, and every seer, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he gave witness to Israel and Judah, by every prophet and seer, saying, Come back from your evil ways, and do my orders and keep my rules, and be guided by the law which I gave to your fathers and sent to you by my servants the prophets.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Yet Yahweh testified to Israel, and to Judah, by every prophet, and every seer, saying, "Turn from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The LORD solemnly warned Israel and Judah through all his prophets and all the seers,“Turn back from your evil ways; obey my commandments and rules that are recorded in the law. I ordered your ancestors to keep this law and sent my servants the prophets to remind you of its demands.”

Referenced Verses

• 1 Sam 9:9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.9.9", "source": "לְפָנִ֣ים ׀ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הָאִישׁ֙ בְּלֶכְתּוֹ֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־הָרֹאֶ֑ה כִּ֤י לַנָּבִיא֙ הַיּ֔וֹם יִקָּרֵ֥א לְפָנִ֖ים הָרֹאֶֽה׃", "text": "*ləp̄ānîm* in-*yiśrāʾēl* thus-*ʾāmar* *hāʾîš* in-*bəleḵtô* to-*liḏrôš* *ʾĕlōhîm*, *ləḵû* and-*nēləḵāh* to-*hārōʾeh*; for to-*lannāḇîʾ* *hayyôm* *yiqqārēʾ* *ləp̄ānîm* *hārōʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*ləp̄ānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - formerly/before", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he said", "*hāʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the man", "*bəleḵtô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd singular masculine suffix - in his going", "*liḏrôš*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to inquire of/seek", "*ləḵû*": "Qal imperative, 2nd plural masculine - go", "*nēləḵāh*": "Qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go", "*hārōʾeh*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the seer", "*lannāḇîʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular with definite article - to the prophet", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the day/today", "*yiqqārēʾ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he is called", "*hārōʾeh*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the seer" }, "variants": { "*ləp̄ānîm*": "formerly/in earlier times/before", "*liḏrôš*": "to inquire of/to seek/to consult", "*hārōʾeh*": "the seer/the one who sees/the visionary", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/spokesperson", "*yiqqārēʾ*": "was called/was known as/was named" } }
• Jer 18:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.18.11", "source": "וְעַתָּ֡ה אֱמָר־נָ֣א אֶל־אִישׁ־יְהוּדָה֩ וְעַל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤ר עֲלֵיכֶם֙ רָעָ֔ה וְחֹשֵׁ֥ב עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מַֽחֲשָׁבָ֑ה שׁ֣וּבוּ נָ֗א אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wĕʿattāh* *ʾĕmār*-*nāʾ* to-*ʾîš*-*Yĕhûdāh* and to-inhabitants of *Yĕrûšālaim* *lēʾmōr*: Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnēh* I *yôṣēr* against you *rāʿāh* and *ḥōšēb* against you *maḥăšābāh*; *šûbû*-*nāʾ* *ʾîš* from *darkô* *hārāʿāh* and *hêṭîbû* your ways and your deeds", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʾĕmār*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - say/speak", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of/each", "*Yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*Yĕrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*yôṣēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - forming/fashioning", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*ḥōšēb*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - devising/planning", "*maḥăšābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - plan/device/thought", "*šûbû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - return/repent", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*hārāʿāh*": "article + adjective, feminine singular - the evil/bad", "*hêṭîbû*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine plural - make good/improve" }, "variants": { "*wĕʿattāh*": "and now/therefore", "*ʾĕmār*": "say/speak/tell", "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*ʾîš*": "man/each/people of", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say (introduces direct speech)", "*ʾāmar*": "said/declared/spoke", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*yôṣēr*": "forming/fashioning/devising", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity", "*ḥōšēb*": "devising/planning/thinking", "*maḥăšābāh*": "plan/thought/device/intention", "*šûbû*": "return/repent/turn back", "*darkô*": "his way/path/conduct", "*hārāʿāh*": "the evil/wicked/bad", "*hêṭîbû*": "make good/improve/reform" } }
• Jer 35:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.35.15", "source": "וָאֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֲלֵיכֶ֣ם אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִאִ֣ים ׀ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ים וְשָׁלֹ֣חַ ׀ לֵאמֹ֡ר שֻׁבוּ־נָ֡א אִישׁ֩ מִדַּרְכּ֨וֹ הָרָעָ֜ה וְהֵיטִ֣יבוּ מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֗ם וְאַל־תֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ אַחֲרֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לְעָבְדָ֔ם וּשְׁבוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֤א הִטִּיתֶם֙ אֶֽת־אָזְנְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "*wāʾešlaḥ* to-you *ʾet*-all-my *ʿăbāday* the-*nĕbîʾîm* the-*haškēm* *wĕšālōaḥ* *lēʾmōr* *šūbû*-*nāʾ* *ʾîš* from-*darkô* the-*rāʿāh* *wĕhêṭîbû* *maʿallêkem* *wĕʾal*-*tēlĕkû* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *lĕʿobdām* *ûšĕbû* to-the-*ʾădāmāh* which-*nātattî* to-you *wĕlaʾăbōtêkem* *wĕlōʾ* *hiṭṭîtem* *ʾet*-your ear *wĕlōʾ* *šĕmaʿtem* to-me.", "grammar": { "*wāʾešlaḥ*": "imperfect verb with waw consecutive, 1st person singular - and I sent", "*ʿăbāday*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my servants", "*nĕbîʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*haškēm*": "infinitive absolute - rising early", "*wĕšālōaḥ*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and sending", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*šūbû*": "imperative verb, masculine plural - return", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*rāʿāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - evil", "*wĕhêṭîbû*": "conjunction + imperative verb, masculine plural (Hiphil) - and make good/improve", "*maʿallêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your deeds", "*wĕʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*tēlĕkû*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural - you go", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*lĕʿobdām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to serve them", "*ûšĕbû*": "conjunction + imperative verb, masculine plural - and dwell", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - land/ground", "*nātattî*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular - I gave", "*wĕlaʾăbōtêkem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and to your fathers", "*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hiṭṭîtem*": "perfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural (Hiphil) - you inclined", "*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "perfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural - you listened" }, "variants": { "*wāʾešlaḥ*": "and I sent/dispatched", "*ʿăbāday*": "my servants/messengers", "*nĕbîʾîm*": "prophets/spokesmen", "*haškēm*": "rising early/persistently/diligently", "*wĕšālōaḥ*": "and sending/dispatching", "*šūbû*": "return/turn back/repent", "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*darkô*": "his way/path/manner", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*wĕhêṭîbû*": "and make good/improve/reform", "*maʿallêkem*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*tēlĕkû*": "you go/walk/follow", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign/strange", "*lĕʿobdām*": "to serve/worship them", "*ûšĕbû*": "and dwell/live/remain", "*ʾădāmāh*": "land/ground/soil", "*hiṭṭîtem*": "you inclined/turned/bent", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "you listened/obeyed/heeded" } }
• Ezek 18:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.31", "source": "הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־פִשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם בָּ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לֵ֥ב חָדָ֖שׁ וְר֣וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלָ֥מָּה תָמֻ֖תוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hašlîkû* *mē-* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*kol*-*pišʿêkem* *ʾăšer* *pəšaʿtem* *bām* *wa-* *ʿăśû* *lākem* *lēb* *ḥādāš* *wə-* *rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh* *wə-* *lāmmāh* *tāmûtû* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hašlîkû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - cast away", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pišʿêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*pəšaʿtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have transgressed", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - make", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective masculine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit", "*ḥădāšāh*": "adjective feminine singular - new", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*tāmûtû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will die", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hašlîkû*": "cast away/throw off/discard", "*pišʿêkem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your crimes", "*pəšaʿtem*": "you have transgressed/you have rebelled/you have offended", "*lēb* *ḥādāš*": "new heart/renewed mind/transformed inner being", "*rûaḥ* *ḥădāšāh*": "new spirit/renewed attitude/transformed disposition" } }
• Jer 7:3-7 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.3", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשַׁכְּנָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Thus-*ʾāmar YHWH ṣĕbāʾôt ʾĕlōhê Yiśrāʾēl hêṭîbû* your-*darkêkem* and-your-*maʿallêkem wĕ*-*ʾăšakkĕnāh* you in-the-*māqôm* the-this", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hosts/armies of", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hêṭîbû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - make good/improve", "*darkêkem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ways", "*maʿallêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your doings/actions", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾăšakkĕnāh*": "Piel cohortative, 1st singular - I will cause to dwell", "*māqôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - place" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/says/spoke", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/battalions", "*hêṭîbû*": "improve/make good/amend", "*darkêkem*": "your ways/paths/conduct", "*maʿallêkem*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*ʾăšakkĕnāh*": "I will cause to dwell/I will let live/I will settle" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.4", "source": "אַל־תִּבְטְח֣וּ לָכֶ֔ם אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשֶּׁ֖קֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃", "text": "Not-*tibṭĕḥû* to-you to-*dibrê* the-*šeqer* *lēʾmōr* *hêkal YHWH hêkal YHWH hêkal YHWH hēmmāh*", "grammar": { "*tibṭĕḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - trust/rely", "*dibrê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - words of", "*šeqer*": "definite noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hêkal*": "noun, masculine singular - temple/palace", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they/these" }, "variants": { "*tibṭĕḥû*": "trust/rely/depend on", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/phrases", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*hêkal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/as follows" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.5", "source": "כִּ֤י אִם־הֵיטֵיב֙ תֵּיטִ֔יבוּ אֶת־דַּרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מַֽעַלְלֵיכֶ֑ם אִם־עָשׂ֤וֹ תַֽעֲשׂוּ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֥ין רֵעֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "For if-*hêṭêb têṭîbû* *ʾet*-your-*darkêkem wĕ*-*ʾet*-your-*maʿallêkem* if-*ʿāśô taʿăśû mišpāṭ* between *ʾîš* and-between *rēʿēhû*", "grammar": { "*hêṭêb*": "infinitive absolute, Hiphil - thoroughly", "*têṭîbû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you amend/improve", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*darkêkem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ways", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*maʿallêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your doings/actions", "*ʿāśô*": "infinitive absolute, Qal - thoroughly", "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you do/execute", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor" }, "variants": { "*hêṭêb têṭîbû*": "thoroughly amend/truly improve/completely reform", "*darkêkem*": "your ways/conduct/behavior", "*maʿallêkem*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*ʿāśô taʿăśû*": "thoroughly execute/truly perform/completely do", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/fellow/companion" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.6", "source": "גֵּ֣ר יָת֤וֹם וְאַלְמָנָה֙ לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשֹׁ֔קוּ וְדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י אַֽל־תִּשְׁפְּכ֖וּ בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְאַחֲרֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים אֲחֵרִ֛ים לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ לְרַ֥ע לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "*gēr yātôm wĕ*-*ʾalmānāh* not *taʿăšōqû wĕ*-*dām nāqî* not-*tišpĕkû* in-the-*māqôm* the-this *wĕ*-after *ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm* not *tēlĕkû* to-evil to-you", "grammar": { "*gēr*": "noun, masculine singular - stranger/sojourner", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾalmānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*taʿăšōqû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you oppress", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent", "*tišpĕkû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shed/pour out", "*māqôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - place", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other/strange", "*tēlĕkû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you walk/follow" }, "variants": { "*gēr*": "stranger/sojourner/resident alien", "*yātôm*": "orphan/fatherless child", "*ʾalmānāh*": "widow", "*taʿăšōqû*": "oppress/exploit/treat unjustly", "*dām nāqî*": "innocent blood", "*tišpĕkû*": "shed/pour out/spill", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*tēlĕkû*": "walk/follow/go after" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.7", "source": "וְשִׁכַּנְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לְמִן־עוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wĕ*-*šikkantî* you in-the-*māqôm* the-this in-the-*ʾāreṣ* which *nātattî* to-your-*ʾăbôtêkem* from-*ʿôlām* and-until-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*šikkantî*": "Piel perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to dwell", "*māqôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - place", "*ʾāreṣ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever" }, "variants": { "*šikkantî*": "I will cause to dwell/I will settle/I will establish", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*nātattî*": "I gave/I granted/I bestowed", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "your fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time" } }
• Neh 9:29-30 : 29 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.29", "source": "וַתָּ֨עַד בָּהֶ֜ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֶל־תּוֹרָתֶ֗ךָ וְהֵ֨מָּה הֵזִ֜ידוּ וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֤וּ לְמִצְוֺתֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְמִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ חָֽטְאוּ־בָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם וְחָיָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ כָתֵף֙ סוֹרֶ֔רֶת וְעָרְפָּ֥ם הִקְשׁ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "*wə-tāʿaḏ* in-them *ləhăšîḇām* to-*tôrāṯeḵā*, *wə-hēmmāh* *hēzîḏû* and-not-*šāməʿû* to-*miṣwōṯêḵā* and-in-*mišpāṭêḵā* they-*ḥāṭəʾû*-in-them which-*yaʿăśeh* *ʾāḏām* and-*ḥāyāh* in-them, *wə-yittənû* *ḵāṯēp̄* *sôrereṯ* and-*ʿārpām* they-*hiqšû* and-not *šāmēʿû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-tāʿaḏ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you warned/testified against", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to return/bring them back", "*ʾel-tôrāṯeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your law/teaching", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - but they", "*hēzîḏû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they acted presumptuously/arrogantly", "*wə-lōʾ-šāməʿû*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and did not listen/obey", "*lə-miṣwōṯêḵā*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your commandments", "*û-ḇə-mišpāṭêḵā*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and against your judgments", "*ḥāṭəʾû-ḇām*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they sinned against them", "*ʾăšer-yaʿăśeh*": "relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - which if a man does", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human", "*wə-ḥāyāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall live", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by them", "*wə-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they gave/presented", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "feminine singular noun - shoulder", "*sôrereṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - rebellious/stubborn", "*wə-ʿārpām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their neck", "*hiqšû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they hardened/stiffened", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/obeyed" }, "variants": { "*tāʿaḏ*": "testified against/warned/admonished", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "to bring them back/to return them/to restore them", "*tôrāṯeḵā*": "your law/instruction/teaching", "*hēmmāh*": "they/those/themselves", "*hēzîḏû*": "acted presumptuously/were arrogant/were insolent", "*šāməʿû*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*miṣwōṯêḵā*": "your commandments/precepts/ordinances", "*mišpāṭêḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "sinned/missed the mark/transgressed", "*yaʿăśeh*": "does/performs/practices", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/person/human being", "*ḥāyāh*": "lives/will live/survives", "*yittənû*": "gave/presented/offered", "*ḵāṯēp̄*": "shoulder/back", "*sôrereṯ*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ʿārpām*": "their neck/their nape", "*hiqšû*": "hardened/stiffened/made obstinate" } } 30 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.30", "source": "וַתִּמְשֹׁ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ שָׁנִ֣ים רַבּ֔וֹת וַתָּ֨עַד בָּ֧ם בְּרוּחֲךָ֛ בְּיַד־נְבִיאֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א הֶאֱזִ֑ינוּ וַֽתִּתְּנֵ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד עַמֵּ֥י הָאֲרָצֹֽת׃", "text": "*wə-timšōḵ* upon-them *šānîm* *rabbôṯ* *wə-tāʿaḏ* in-them by-*rûḥăḵā* by-*yaḏ*-*nəḇîʾêḵā* and-not *heʾĕzînû*, *wə-tittənēm* in-*yaḏ* *ʿammê* *hā-ʾărāṣōṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-timšōḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you extended/prolonged", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - over them", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural noun - years", "*rabbôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - many", "*wə-tāʿaḏ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you testified/warned", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*bə-rûḥăḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - by your spirit", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - by hand of", "*nəḇîʾêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your prophets", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*heʾĕzînû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they listened/gave ear", "*wə-tittənēm*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you gave them", "*bə-yaḏ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - into hand of", "*ʿammê*": "masculine plural construct noun - peoples of", "*hā-ʾărāṣōṯ*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the lands" }, "variants": { "*timšōḵ*": "extended/prolonged/drew out", "*šānîm*": "years/periods of time", "*rabbôṯ*": "many/numerous/multiple", "*tāʿaḏ*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*rûḥăḵā*": "your spirit/breath/wind", "*yaḏ*": "hand/agency/authority", "*nəḇîʾêḵā*": "your prophets/seers/messengers", "*heʾĕzînû*": "listened/paid attention/gave ear", "*tittənēm*": "gave them/delivered them/handed them over", "*ʿammê*": "peoples/nations/populations", "*hā-ʾărāṣōṯ*": "the lands/countries/territories" } }
• Ps 50:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.7", "source": "שִׁמְעָ֤ה עַמִּ֨י ׀ וַאֲדַבֵּ֗רָה יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֑ךְ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ אָנֹֽכִי׃", "text": "*Shim'ah* *ammi* *wa'adabberah* *Yisrael* *we'a'idah* against-you *Elohim* *Elohecha* *anochi*", "grammar": { "*Shim'ah*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine singular - hear/listen", "*ammi*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*wa'adabberah*": "verb, Piel cohortative, 1st person singular with waw conjunction - and let me speak", "*Yisrael*": "proper noun - Israel", "*we'a'idah*": "verb, Hiphil cohortative, 1st person singular with waw conjunction - and let me testify", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine, plural - God/gods", "*Elohecha*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*anochi*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I" }, "variants": { "*we'a'idah*": "and I will testify/let me bear witness against" } }
• Ps 81:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.81.8", "source": "בַּצָּרָ֥ה קָרָ֗אתָ וָאֲחַ֫לְּצֶ֥ךָּ אֶ֭עֶנְךָ בְּסֵ֣תֶר רַ֑עַם אֶבְחָֽנְךָ֨ עַל־מֵ֖י מְרִיבָ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "In the *ṣārâ* *qārāʾtā* and *wāʾăḥalleṣeḵā*; *ʾeʿenḵā* in *sēter* *raʿam*; *ʾebḥānḵā* upon *mê* *mərîbâ* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*ṣārâ*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition bet - 'in trouble/distress'", "*qārāʾtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you called'", "*wāʾăḥalleṣeḵā*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix and prefixed conjunction waw - 'and I delivered you'", "*ʾeʿenḵā*": "qal imperfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'I will answer you'", "*sēter*": "masculine singular construct with prefixed preposition bet - 'in the hiding place of'", "*raʿam*": "masculine singular noun - 'thunder'", "*ʾebḥānḵā*": "qal imperfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'I tested you'", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - 'waters of'", "*mərîbâ*": "proper name/feminine singular noun - 'Meribah/strife'", "*selâ*": "musical notation/pause - 'selah'" }, "variants": { "*ṣārâ*": "trouble/distress/adversity/affliction", "*qārāʾtā*": "you called/you cried out", "*wāʾăḥalleṣeḵā*": "and I delivered you/I rescued you/I freed you", "*ʾeʿenḵā*": "I answered you/I responded to you", "*sēter*": "hiding place/secret place/covering", "*raʿam*": "thunder/thundering sound", "*ʾebḥānḵā*": "I tested you/I proved you/I examined you", "*mərîbâ*": "Meribah/strife/contention/dispute", "*selâ*": "musical pause/interlude/lift up (meaning uncertain)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.81.9", "source": "שְׁמַ֣ע עַ֭מִּי וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֑ךְ יִ֝שְׂרָאֵ֗ל אִם־תִּֽשְׁמַֽע־לִֽי׃", "text": "*šəmaʿ* my *ʿammî* and *wəʾāʿîdâ* against you, *yiśrāʾēl* if-*tišmaʿ*-to me", "grammar": { "*šəmaʿ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - 'hear/listen'", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'my people'", "*wəʾāʿîdâ*": "hiphil cohortative 1st singular with prefixed conjunction waw - 'and let me testify/warn'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*tišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with conditional particle 'im - 'if you would listen'" }, "variants": { "*šəmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*wəʾāʿîdâ*": "and I will testify/I will warn/I will admonish", "*tišmaʿ*": "you would listen/you would hear/you would obey" } }
• Isa 1:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.5", "source": "עַ֣ל מֶ֥ה תֻכּ֛וּ ע֖וֹד תּוֹסִ֣יפוּ סָרָ֑ה כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ לָחֳלִ֔י וְכָל־לֵבָ֖ב דַּוָּֽי׃", "text": "*'al* *meh* *tukkû* *'ôd* *tôsîpû* *sārâ* *kol*-*rōʾš* *lāḥŏlî* *wᵉkol*-*lēbāb* *dawwāy*", "grammar": { "*'al*": "preposition - on/upon/for", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*tukkû*": "verb, hofal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - [will] you be struck", "*'ôd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*tôsîpû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will continue/add", "*sārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - rebellion/revolt", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of/every", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*lāḥŏlî*": "preposition lə- + noun, masculine singular - [is] for sickness", "*wᵉkol*": "conjunction wə- + construct noun - and all of/every", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*dawwāy*": "adjective, masculine singular - faint/sick" }, "variants": { "*'al* *meh*": "why/for what purpose/for what reason", "*tukkû*": "be struck/be beaten/be smitten", "*tôsîpû*": "continue/add/increase", "*sārâ*": "rebellion/revolt/apostasy", "*lāḥŏlî*": "for sickness/to illness/in pain", "*dawwāy*": "faint/sick/sorrowful" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.6", "source": "מִכַּף־רֶ֤גֶל וְעַד־רֹאשׁ֙ אֵֽין־בּ֣וֹ מְתֹ֔ם פֶּ֥צַע וְחַבּוּרָ֖ה וּמַכָּ֣ה טְרִיָּ֑ה לֹא־זֹ֙רוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ וְלֹ֥א רֻכְּכָ֖ה בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃", "text": "*mikkap*-*regel* *wᵉ'ad*-*rōʾš* *ʾên*-*bô* *mᵉtōm* *peṣa'* *wᵉḥabbûrâ* *ûmakkâ* *ṭᵉrîyâ* *lōʾ*-*zōrû* *wᵉlōʾ* *ḥubbāšû* *wᵉlōʾ* *rukkᵉkâ* *baššāmen*", "grammar": { "*mikkap*": "preposition min + construct noun, feminine singular - from [the] sole of", "*regel*": "noun, feminine singular - foot", "*wᵉ'ad*": "conjunction wə- + preposition - and to/up to", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - [there is] no", "*bô*": "preposition bə- + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it/him", "*mᵉtōm*": "noun, masculine singular - soundness/health", "*peṣa'*": "noun, masculine singular - wound", "*wᵉḥabbûrâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun, feminine singular - and bruise/stripe", "*ûmakkâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun, feminine singular - and raw wound", "*ṭᵉrîyâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - fresh/raw", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zōrû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have been pressed out", "*wᵉlōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*ḥubbāšû*": "verb, pual perfect, 3rd person plural - they have been bound up", "*wᵉlōʾ*": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - and not", "*rukkᵉkâ*": "verb, pual perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it has been softened", "*baššāmen*": "preposition bə- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with [the] oil" }, "variants": { "*mᵉtōm*": "soundness/wholeness/health/integrity", "*peṣa'*": "wound/injury/bruise", "*ḥabbûrâ*": "bruise/stripe/blow", "*makkâ*": "wound/blow/plague", "*ṭᵉrîyâ*": "fresh/raw/recent", "*zōrû*": "pressed out/drained/squeezed", "*ḥubbāšû*": "bound up/bandaged/dressed", "*rukkᵉkâ*": "softened/soothed/mollified" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.7", "source": "אַרְצְכֶ֣ם שְׁמָמָ֔ה עָרֵיכֶ֖ם שְׂרֻפ֣וֹת אֵ֑שׁ אַדְמַתְכֶ֗ם לְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙ זָרִים֙ אֹכְלִ֣ים אֹתָ֔הּ וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥ת זָרִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾarṣᵉkem* *šᵉmāmâ* *'ārêkem* *śᵉrûpôt* *ʾēš* *ʾadmatkem* *lᵉnegdᵉkem* *zārîm* *ʾōkᵉlîm* *ʾōtāh* *ûšᵉmāmâ* *kᵉmahpēkat* *zārîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾarṣᵉkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your land", "*šᵉmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation", "*'ārêkem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your cities", "*śᵉrûpôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural construct - burnt [with]", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʾadmatkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ground/soil", "*lᵉnegdᵉkem*": "preposition lᵉ- + preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - before you", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners", "*ʾōkᵉlîm*": "participle, qal active, masculine plural - devour/consume", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it", "*ûšᵉmāmâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun, feminine singular - and desolation", "*kᵉmahpēkat*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular construct - like [the] overthrow of", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners" }, "variants": { "*šᵉmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/devastation", "*śᵉrûpôt*": "burnt/consumed by fire", "*ʾadmatkem*": "your ground/soil/land/territory", "*lᵉnegdᵉkem*": "before you/in your presence/in your sight", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*ʾōkᵉlîm*": "devour/consume/eat", "*mahpēkat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.8", "source": "וְנוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת־צִיּ֖וֹן כְּסֻכָּ֣ה בְכָ֑רֶם כִּמְלוּנָ֥ה בְמִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּעִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה׃", "text": "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ* *bat*-*ṣîyôn* *kᵉsukkâ* *bᵉkārem* *kimlûnâ* *bᵉmiqšâ* *kᵉ'îr* *nᵉṣûrâ*", "grammar": { "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and is left", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣîyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*kᵉsukkâ*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a booth/hut", "*bᵉkārem*": "preposition bᵉ- + noun, masculine singular - in a vineyard", "*kimlûnâ*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a lodge/shelter", "*bᵉmiqšâ*": "preposition bᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - in a cucumber field", "*kᵉ'îr*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a city", "*nᵉṣûrâ*": "niphal passive participle, feminine singular - besieged" }, "variants": { "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ*": "is left/remains/survives", "*bat*-*ṣîyôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem", "*sukkâ*": "booth/hut/shelter/temporary structure", "*mlûnâ*": "lodge/shelter/watchman's hut", "*miqšâ*": "cucumber field/garden of cucumbers", "*nᵉṣûrâ*": "besieged/under siege/watched/guarded" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.9", "source": "לוּלֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הוֹתִ֥יר לָ֛נוּ שָׂרִ֖יד כִּמְעָ֑ט כִּסְדֹ֣ם הָיִ֔ינוּ לַעֲמֹרָ֖ה דָּמִֽינוּ׃ ס", "text": "*lûlê* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* *hôtîr* *lānû* *śārîd* *kim'āṭ* *kisᵉdōm* *hāyînû* *la'ămōrâ* *dāmînû*", "grammar": { "*lûlê*": "conjunction - unless/if not for", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*hôtîr*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - had left", "*lānû*": "preposition lᵉ- + 1st person plural suffix - for us", "*śārîd*": "noun, masculine singular - survivor/remnant", "*kim'āṭ*": "preposition kᵉ- + adverb - as few/almost", "*kisᵉdōm*": "preposition kᵉ- + proper noun - like Sodom", "*hāyînû*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person plural - we would have been", "*la'ămōrâ*": "preposition lᵉ- + proper noun - to Gomorrah", "*dāmînû*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person plural - we would have been like" }, "variants": { "*lûlê*": "unless/if not for/except", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*hôtîr*": "left/spared/preserved", "*śārîd*": "survivor/remnant/escapee", "*kim'āṭ*": "as few/almost/a little", "*hāyînû*": "we would have been/we had become", "*dāmînû*": "we would have been like/we would have resembled" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.10", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה קְצִינֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם הַאֲזִ֛ינוּ תּוֹרַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַ֥ם עֲמֹרָֽה׃", "text": "*šim'û* *dᵉbar*-*YHWH* *qᵉṣînê* *sᵉdōm* *haʾăzînû* *tôrat* *ʾĕlōhênû* *'am* *'ămōrâ*", "grammar": { "*šim'û*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - hear", "*dᵉbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*qᵉṣînê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rulers of", "*sᵉdōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*haʾăzînû*": "verb, hifil imperative, masculine plural - give ear to", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*'ămōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah" }, "variants": { "*šim'û*": "hear/listen/obey", "*dᵉbar*": "word/message/command", "*qᵉṣînê*": "rulers/chiefs/commanders", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear to/listen attentively/pay attention to", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.11", "source": "לָמָּה־לִּ֤י רֹב־זִבְחֵיכֶם֙ יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׂבַ֛עְתִּי עֹל֥וֹת אֵילִ֖ים וְחֵ֣לֶב מְרִיאִ֑ים וְדַ֨ם פָּרִ֧ים וּכְבָשִׂ֛ים וְעַתּוּדִ֖ים לֹ֥א חָפָֽצְתִּי׃", "text": "*lāmmâ*-*lî* *rōb*-*zibḥêkem* *yōʾmar* *YHWH* *śāba'tî* *'ōlôt* *ʾêlîm* *wᵉḥēleb* *mᵉrîʾîm* *wᵉdam* *pārîm* *ûkᵉbāśîm* *wᵉ'attûdîm* *lōʾ* *ḥāpāṣtî*", "grammar": { "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why/for what purpose", "*lî*": "preposition lᵉ- + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude of", "*zibḥêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sacrifices", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*śāba'tî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I am full of", "*'ōlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - burnt offerings", "*ʾêlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rams", "*wᵉḥēleb*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine singular - and fat", "*mᵉrîʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - fatlings/fatted calves", "*wᵉdam*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine singular - and blood", "*pārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bulls", "*ûkᵉbāśîm*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural - and lambs", "*wᵉ'attûdîm*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural - and he-goats", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāpāṣtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I desire/delight in" }, "variants": { "*lāmmâ*": "why/for what purpose/what good is", "*rōb*": "multitude/abundance/great number", "*śāba'tî*": "I am full of/I have had enough of/I am satiated with", "*'ōlôt*": "burnt offerings/whole burnt sacrifices", "*mᵉrîʾîm*": "fatlings/fatted calves/fattened animals", "*ḥāpāṣtî*": "desire/delight in/take pleasure in" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.12", "source": "כִּ֣י תָבֹ֔אוּ לֵרָא֖וֹת פָּנָ֑י מִי־בִקֵּ֥שׁ זֹ֛את מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם רְמֹ֥ס חֲצֵרָֽי׃", "text": "*kî* *tābōʾû* *lērāʾôt* *pānāy* *mî*-*biqqēš* *zōʾt* *miyyedkem* *rᵉmōs* *ḥăṣērāy*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when", "*tābōʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you come", "*lērāʾôt*": "preposition lᵉ- + verb, niphal infinitive construct - to appear before", "*pānāy*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*biqqēš*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has required", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*miyyedkem*": "preposition min + noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your hand", "*rᵉmōs*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to trample", "*ḥăṣērāy*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my courts" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "when/because/that", "*tābōʾû*": "you come/enter/appear", "*lērāʾôt*": "to appear before/to see/to be seen", "*pānāy*": "my face/my presence", "*biqqēš*": "required/sought/requested/demanded", "*rᵉmōs*": "to trample/to tread/to tread down" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.13", "source": "לֹ֣א תוֹסִ֗יפוּ הָבִיא֙ מִנְחַת־שָׁ֔וְא קְטֹ֧רֶת תּוֹעֵבָ֛ה הִ֖יא לִ֑י חֹ֤דֶשׁ וְשַׁבָּת֙ קְרֹ֣א מִקְרָ֔א לֹא־אוּכַ֥ל אָ֖וֶן וַעֲצָרָֽה׃", "text": "*lōʾ* *tôsîpû* *hābîʾ* *minḥat*-*šāwᵉʾ* *qᵉṭōret* *tô'ēbâ* *hîʾ* *lî* *ḥōdeš* *wᵉšabbāt* *qᵉrōʾ* *miqrāʾ* *lōʾ*-*ʾûkal* *ʾāwen* *wa'ăṣārâ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tôsîpû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall continue/add", "*hābîʾ*": "verb, hifil infinitive construct - to bring", "*minḥat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - grain offering of", "*šāwᵉʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/falsehood", "*qᵉṭōret*": "noun, feminine singular - incense", "*tô'ēbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - abomination", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular - it [is]", "*lî*": "preposition lᵉ- + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - new moon", "*wᵉšabbāt*": "conjunction wə- + noun, feminine singular - and sabbath", "*qᵉrōʾ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - calling of", "*miqrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - assembly", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I can endure", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity", "*wa'ăṣārâ*": "conjunction wə- + noun, feminine singular - and solemn assembly" }, "variants": { "*tôsîpû*": "continue/add/bring again", "*minḥat*-*šāwᵉʾ*": "worthless/vain/false offering", "*qᵉṭōret*": "incense/smoke of sacrifice", "*tô'ēbâ*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*ḥōdeš*": "new moon/month/monthly festival", "*qᵉrōʾ* *miqrāʾ*": "calling of assembly/proclamation of gathering", "*ʾûkal*": "can endure/am able to bear/can tolerate", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble/sorrow", "*'ăṣārâ*": "solemn assembly/festive gathering" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.14", "source": "חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא׃", "text": "*ḥodšêkem* *ûmô'ădêkem* *śānᵉʾâ* *napšî* *hāyû* *'ālay* *lāṭōraḥ* *nilʾêtî* *nᵉśōʾ*", "grammar": { "*ḥodšêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your new moons", "*ûmô'ădêkem*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your appointed feasts", "*śānᵉʾâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - hates", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are", "*'ālay*": "preposition 'al + 1st person singular suffix - upon me", "*lāṭōraḥ*": "preposition lᵉ- + noun, masculine singular - a burden", "*nilʾêtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am weary", "*nᵉśōʾ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - of bearing" }, "variants": { "*ḥodšêkem*": "your new moons/your monthly festivals", "*mô'ădêkem*": "your appointed feasts/festivals/sacred times", "*śānᵉʾâ*": "hates/detests/abhors", "*napšî*": "my soul/my innermost being/my life", "*lāṭōraḥ*": "a burden/trouble/weariness", "*nilʾêtî*": "I am weary/tired/exhausted", "*nᵉśōʾ*": "bearing/carrying/enduring" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.15", "source": "וּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣ם כַּפֵּיכֶ֗ם אַעְלִ֤ים עֵינַי֙ מִכֶּ֔ם גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ יְדֵיכֶ֖ם דָּמִ֥ים מָלֵֽאוּ׃", "text": "*ûbᵉpāriśkem* *kappêkem* *ʾa'lîm* *'ênay* *mikkem* *gam* *kî*-*tarbû* *tᵉpillâ* *ʾênennî* *šōmēa'* *yᵉdêkem* *dāmîm* *mālēʾû*", "grammar": { "*ûbᵉpāriśkem*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bᵉ- + verb, piel infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and when you spread out", "*kappêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your palms/hands", "*ʾa'lîm*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will hide", "*'ênay*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mikkem*": "preposition min + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from you", "*gam*": "adverb - even/also", "*kî*": "conjunction - though/when", "*tarbû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you multiply", "*tᵉpillâ*": "noun, feminine singular - prayer", "*ʾênennî*": "negative particle + 1st person singular suffix - I am not", "*šōmēa'*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - hearing/listening", "*yᵉdêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your hands", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bloods/bloodshed", "*mālēʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are full" }, "variants": { "*pāriśkem*": "spread out/stretch forth/extend", "*kappêkem*": "your palms/hands/open hands", "*ʾa'lîm*": "hide/conceal/avert", "*tarbû*": "multiply/increase/make many", "*tᵉpillâ*": "prayer/supplication/intercession", "*šōmēa'*": "hearing/listening/heeding", "*dāmîm*": "bloods/bloodshed/blood guilt" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.16", "source": "רַחֲצוּ֙ הִזַּכּ֔וּ הָסִ֛ירוּ רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם מִנֶּ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י חִדְל֖וּ הָרֵֽעַ׃", "text": "*raḥăṣû* *hizzakkû* *hāsîrû* *rōa'* *ma'alᵉlêkem* *minneged* *'ênāy* *ḥidlû* *hārēa'*", "grammar": { "*raḥăṣû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - wash yourselves", "*hizzakkû*": "verb, hitpael imperative, masculine plural - purify yourselves", "*hāsîrû*": "verb, hifil imperative, masculine plural - remove", "*rōa'*": "noun, masculine singular construct - evil of", "*ma'alᵉlêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your deeds", "*minneged*": "preposition min + preposition neged - from before", "*'ênāy*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*ḥidlû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - cease", "*hārēa'*": "verb, hifil infinitive construct - doing evil" }, "variants": { "*raḥăṣû*": "wash yourselves/cleanse yourselves", "*hizzakkû*": "purify yourselves/make yourselves clean", "*hāsîrû*": "remove/put away/take away", "*rōa'*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*ma'alᵉlêkem*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*minneged*": "from before/from in front of/from the sight of", "*ḥidlû*": "cease/stop/desist", "*hārēa'*": "doing evil/doing wrong/causing harm" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.17", "source": "לִמְד֥וּ הֵיטֵ֛ב דִּרְשׁ֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט אַשְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑וֹץ שִׁפְט֣וּ יָת֔וֹם רִ֖יבוּ אַלְמָנָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*limdû* *hêṭēb* *diršû* *mišpāṭ* *ʾaššᵉrû* *ḥāmôṣ* *šipṭû* *yātôm* *rîbû* *ʾalmānâ*", "grammar": { "*limdû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - learn", "*hêṭēb*": "verb, hifil infinitive absolute - to do good", "*diršû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*ʾaššᵉrû*": "verb, piel imperative, masculine plural - set right", "*ḥāmôṣ*": "adjective, qal passive participle, masculine singular - oppressed", "*šipṭû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - defend/judge", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*rîbû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - plead for", "*ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - widow" }, "variants": { "*limdû*": "learn/study/become accustomed to", "*hêṭēb*": "to do good/to do well/to act rightly", "*diršû*": "seek/search for/pursue", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/what is right", "*ʾaššᵉrû*": "set right/relieve/help/make happy", "*ḥāmôṣ*": "oppressed/wronged/mistreated", "*šipṭû*": "defend/judge/vindicate", "*rîbû*": "plead for/take up the cause of/contend for" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.18", "source": "לְכוּ־נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם־יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ* *wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ* *yōʾmar* *YHWH* *ʾim*-*yihyû* *ḥăṭāʾêkem* *kaššānîm* *kaššeleg* *yalbînû* *ʾim*-*yaʾdîmû* *kattôlā'* *kaṣṣemer* *yihyû*", "grammar": { "*lᵉkû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*nāʾ*": "particle - now/please", "*wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us reason together", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins", "*kaššānîm*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, feminine plural - like scarlet", "*kaššeleg*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like snow", "*yalbînû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be white", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yaʾdîmû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are red", "*kattôlā'*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like crimson", "*kaṣṣemer*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like wool", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be" }, "variants": { "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ*": "come now/come please", "*niwwākᵉḥâ*": "reason together/argue/dispute/settle", "*yōʾmar*": "says/speaks/declares", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*šānîm*": "scarlet/crimson/bright red", "*yalbînû*": "they shall be white/become white/be made white", "*yaʾdîmû*": "they are red/they glow red", "*tôlā'*": "crimson/worm/crimson dye" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.19", "source": "אִם־תֹּאב֖וּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם ט֥וּב הָאָ֖רֶץ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*tōʾbû* *ûšma'tem* *ṭûb* *hāʾāreṣ* *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*tōʾbû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you are willing", "*ûšma'tem*": "conjunction wə- + verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and obey", "*ṭûb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - good of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*tōʾkēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall eat" }, "variants": { "*tōʾbû*": "are willing/consent/agree", "*ûšma'tem*": "obey/listen/hear", "*ṭûb*": "good/best/prosperity", "*tōʾkēlû*": "you shall eat/consume/enjoy" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.20", "source": "וְאִם־תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ וּמְרִיתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶב תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס", "text": "*wᵉʾim*-*tᵉmāʾănû* *ûmᵉrîtem* *ḥereb* *tᵉʾukkᵉlû* *kî* *pî* *YHWH* *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*wᵉʾim*": "conjunction wə- + conjunction - but if", "*tᵉmāʾănû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you refuse", "*ûmᵉrîtem*": "conjunction wə- + verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and rebel", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*tᵉʾukkᵉlû*": "verb, pual imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall be devoured", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*tᵉmāʾănû*": "refuse/decline/be unwilling", "*ûmᵉrîtem*": "rebel/disobey/be rebellious", "*ḥereb*": "sword/war/destruction", "*tᵉʾukkᵉlû*": "you shall be devoured/consumed/eaten", "*pî*": "mouth/word/command" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.21", "source": "אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾêkâ* *hāyᵉtâ* *lᵉzônâ* *qiryâ* *neʾĕmānâ* *mᵉlēʾătî* *mišpāṭ* *ṣedeq* *yālîn* *bāh* *wᵉ'attâ* *mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾêkâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyᵉtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has become", "*lᵉzônâ*": "preposition lᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - a harlot", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*neʾĕmānâ*": "adjective, niphal participle, feminine singular - faithful", "*mᵉlēʾătî*": "adjective, feminine singular - full of", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*yālîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - would lodge", "*bāh*": "preposition bᵉ- + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her", "*wᵉ'attâ*": "conjunction wə- + adverb - and now", "*mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - murderers" }, "variants": { "*ʾêkâ*": "how/alas/what a tragedy", "*hāyᵉtâ*": "has become/has turned into", "*lᵉzônâ*": "a harlot/prostitute", "*qiryâ*": "city/town", "*neʾĕmānâ*": "faithful/trustworthy/loyal", "*mᵉlēʾătî*": "full of/filled with", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/what is right", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*yālîn*": "would lodge/dwell/remain overnight", "*mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*": "murderers/assassins/those who kill" } } 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.22", "source": "כַּסְפֵּ֖ךְ הָיָ֣ה לְסִיגִ֑ים סָבְאֵ֖ךְ מָה֥וּל בַּמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "*kaspēk* *hāyâ* *lᵉsîgîm* *sobʾēk* *māhûl* *bammāyim*", "grammar": { "*kaspēk*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your silver", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has become", "*lᵉsîgîm*": "preposition lᵉ- + noun, masculine plural - dross", "*sobʾēk*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your drink", "*māhûl*": "adjective, qal passive participle, masculine singular - diluted", "*bammāyim*": "preposition bᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine plural - with water" }, "variants": { "*kaspēk*": "your silver/your money", "*lᵉsîgîm*": "dross/refuse/waste", "*sobʾēk*": "your drink/wine/liquor", "*māhûl*": "diluted/mixed/weakened" } } 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.23", "source": "שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "*śārayik* *sôrᵉrîm* *wᵉḥabrê* *gannābîm* *kullô* *ʾōhēb* *šōḥad* *wᵉrōdēp* *šalmōnîm* *yātôm* *lōʾ* *yišpōṭû* *wᵉrîb* *ʾalmānâ* *lōʾ*-*yābôʾ* *ʾălêhem*", "grammar": { "*śārayik*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your princes", "*sôrᵉrîm*": "adjective, qal active participle, masculine plural - rebellious", "*wᵉḥabrê*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural construct - and companions of", "*gannābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thieves", "*kullô*": "construct noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it", "*ʾōhēb*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - loving", "*šōḥad*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe", "*wᵉrōdēp*": "conjunction wə- + participle, qal active, masculine singular - and pursuing", "*šalmōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rewards/payments", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yišpōṭû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they judge", "*wᵉrîb*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine singular construct - and cause of", "*ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yābôʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - comes", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition ʾel + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*śārayik*": "your princes/rulers/officials", "*sôrᵉrîm*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ḥabrê*": "companions/associates/partners", "*gannābîm*": "thieves/robbers", "*ʾōhēb*": "loving/fond of/attached to", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift/payoff", "*rōdēp*": "pursuing/chasing/following after", "*šalmōnîm*": "rewards/payments/bribes", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/defend/give justice to", "*rîb*": "cause/case/legal claim" } } 24 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.24", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן נְאֻ֤ם הָֽאָדוֹן֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲבִ֖יר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ה֚וֹי אֶנָּחֵ֣ם מִצָּרַ֔י וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה מֵאוֹיְבָֽי׃", "text": "*lākēn* *nᵉʾum* *hāʾādôn* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* *ʾăbîr* *yiśrāʾēl* *hôy* *ʾennāḥēm* *miṣṣāray* *wᵉʾinnāqᵉmâ* *mēʾôyᵉbāy*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*nᵉʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*hāʾādôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*ʾăbîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - Mighty One of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hôy*": "interjection - ah/alas", "*ʾennāḥēm*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be relieved", "*miṣṣāray*": "preposition min + noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - from my adversaries", "*wᵉʾinnāqᵉmâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, niphal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I will avenge myself", "*mēʾôyᵉbāy*": "preposition min + noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - from my enemies" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/hence/so", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*hāʾādôn*": "the Lord/Master/Sovereign", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "of hosts/armies/heavenly forces", "*ʾăbîr*": "Mighty One/Champion/Strong One", "*ʾennāḥēm*": "be relieved/be eased/be consoled/get relief", "*miṣṣāray*": "from my adversaries/foes/opponents", "*ʾinnāqᵉmâ*": "avenge myself/take vengeance/get satisfaction", "*mēʾôyᵉbāy*": "from my enemies/foes" } }
• Isa 55:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.55.6", "source": "דִּרְשׁוּ יְהוָה בְּהִמָּצְאוֹ קְרָאֻהוּ בִּהְיוֹתוֹ קָרוֹב", "text": "*Diršû* *YHWH* in-*himmāṣĕʾô* *qĕrāʾuhû* in-*bihyôṯô* *qārôḇ*", "grammar": { "*Diršû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*himmāṣĕʾô*": "verb, niphal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his being found", "*qĕrāʾuhû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - call him", "*bihyôṯô*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his being", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/close" }, "variants": { "*Diršû*": "seek/search for/inquire of", "*himmāṣĕʾô*": "his being found/while he may be found/when he is available", "*qĕrāʾuhû*": "call him/call to him/cry out to him", "*bihyôṯô*": "while he is/during his being/when he is", "*qārôḇ*": "near/close/at hand" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.55.7", "source": "יַעֲזֹב רָשָׁע דַּרְכּוֹ וְאִישׁ אָוֶן מַחְשְׁבֹתָיו וְיָשֹׁב אֶל־יְהוָה וִירַחֲמֵהוּ וְאֶל־אֱלֹהֵינוּ כִּי־יַרְבֶּה לִסְלוֹחַ", "text": "*Yaʿăzōḇ* *rāšāʿ* *darkô* and-*ʾîš* *ʾāwen* *maḥšĕḇōṯāyw* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*YHWH* and-*yĕraḥămēhû* and-to-*ʾĕlōhênû* because-*yarbeh* to-*sĕlôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*Yaʿăzōḇ*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let him forsake", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked man", "*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness", "*maḥšĕḇōṯāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his thoughts", "*yāšōḇ*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let him return", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*yĕraḥămēhû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will have mercy on him", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person common plural suffix - our God", "*yarbeh*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will multiply/increase", "*sĕlôaḥ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to forgive" }, "variants": { "*Yaʿăzōḇ*": "let him forsake/abandon/leave", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/criminal/guilty one", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/evil/trouble", "*maḥšĕḇōṯāyw*": "his thoughts/plans/intentions", "*yāšōḇ*": "let him return/turn back/repent", "*yĕraḥămēhû*": "he will have mercy on him/compassion on him", "*yarbeh*": "he will abundantly/multiply/increase", "*sĕlôaḥ*": "to forgive/pardon" } }
• Jer 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.8", "source": "וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃", "text": "*wāʾēreʾ* that for-all-*ʾōdôt* which *niʾăp̄â* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl*, *šillaḥtîhā* *wāʾettēn* *ʾet*-*sēp̄er* *kᵉrîtutehā* to-her; and-not *yārᵉʾâ* *bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh*, *wattēleḵ* *wattizen* also-she.", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I saw'", "*ʾōdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'causes/reasons'", "*niʾăp̄â*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she committed adultery'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'I sent her away'", "*wāʾettēn*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I gave'", "*sēp̄er*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'document/scroll'", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her divorce'", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she feared/was afraid'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*wattēleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she went'", "*wattizen*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she played the harlot'" }, "variants": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "and I saw/observed/noticed", "*ʾōdôt*": "causes/reasons/occasions", "*niʾăp̄â*": "she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/dismissed her/divorced her", "*wāʾettēn*": "and I gave/provided/handed over", "*sēp̄er*": "document/scroll/certificate", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "her divorce/separation/cutting off", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "she feared/was afraid/was in awe", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/proceeded", "*wattizen*": "and she played the harlot/prostituted herself" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.9", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ מִקֹּ֣ל זְנוּתָ֔הּ וַתֶּחֱנַ֖ף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַתִּנְאַ֥ף אֶת־הָאֶ֖בֶן וְאֶת־הָעֵֽץ׃", "text": "*wᵉhāyâ* from-*qōl* *zᵉnûtâh* *wattĕḥĕnap̄* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ*, *wattinʾap̄* *ʾet*-the-*ʾeḇen* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʿēṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wᵉhāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and it came to pass/happened'", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound/lightness'", "*zᵉnûtâh*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her harlotry/prostitution'", "*wattĕḥĕnap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she polluted'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the land/earth'", "*wattinʾap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she committed adultery'", "*ʾeḇen*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the stone'", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the tree/wood'" }, "variants": { "*wᵉhāyâ*": "and it came to pass/happened/occurred", "*qōl*": "sound/voice/lightness/frivolity", "*zᵉnûtâh*": "her harlotry/prostitution/promiscuity", "*wattĕḥĕnap̄*": "and she polluted/defiled/profaned", "*ʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*wattinʾap̄*": "and she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*ʾeḇen*": "the stone/rock", "*ʿēṣ*": "the tree/wood" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.10", "source": "וְגַם־בְּכָל־זֹ֗את לֹא־שָׁ֨בָה אֵלַ֜י בָּגוֹדָ֧ה אֲחוֹתָ֛הּ יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּכָל־לִבָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י אִם־בְּשֶׁ֖קֶר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-also-in-all-this not-*šāḇâ* to-me *bāgôdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh* *yᵉhûdâ* with-all-*libbâh*, but-rather-in-*šeqer* *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*šāḇâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she returned'", "*bāgôdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*libbâh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her heart'", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - 'falsehood/lie'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state - 'utterance/declaration'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šāḇâ*": "she returned/came back/repented", "*bāgôdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*libbâh*": "her heart/mind/inner being", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*nᵉʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י צִדְּקָ֥ה נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me: \"*ṣidᵉqâ* *nap̄šâh* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl* from-*bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - 'and he said'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*ṣidᵉqâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she justified/vindicated'", "*nap̄šâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her soul'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke", "*ṣidᵉqâ*": "she justified/vindicated/proved right", "*nap̄šâh*": "her soul/self/life", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah" } }
• Jer 5:29-31 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.29", "source": "הַֽעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לֹֽא־אֶפְקֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה אִ֚ם בְּג֣וֹי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס", "text": "?Upon-these not-I will *'epqōd* *nə'um*-*YHWH*; if on *gôy* that-like this not *titnaqēm* my *napšî*.", "grammar": { "*ha*": "interrogative prefix - ?", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/for", "*'ēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*'epqōd*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will visit/punish", "*nə'um*": "construct noun - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*'im*": "conditional particle - if", "*bə*": "preposition - in/by", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*kāzeh*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun - like this", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*titnaqēm*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, hithpael - she will avenge herself", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my soul" }, "variants": { "*'epqōd*": "I will visit/punish/take account", "*nə'um*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*titnaqēm*": "avenge herself/take vengeance", "*napšî*": "my soul/self/being" } } 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.30", "source": "שַׁמָּה֙ וְשַׁ֣עֲרוּרָ֔ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Šammâ* and *ša'ărûrâ* *nihyətâ* in the *'āreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*šammâ*": "noun, feminine singular - appallment/horror", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ša'ărûrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/horrible thing", "*nihyətâ*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular, niphal - it happened/has been done", "*bā*": "preposition + article - in the", "*'āreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*šammâ*": "appallment/horror/astonishment", "*ša'ărûrâ*": "horror/horrible thing/shocking thing", "*nihyətâ*": "happened/has been done/has occurred" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.31", "source": "הַנְּבִיאִ֞ים נִבְּא֣וּ־בַשֶּׁ֗קֶר וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ יִרְדּ֣וּ עַל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַמִּ֖י אָ֣הֲבוּ כֵ֑ן וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃", "text": "The *nəbî'îm* *nibbə'û*-in the *šeqer*, and the *kōhănîm* *yirdû* upon-their *yədêhem*, and my *'ammî* *'āhăbû* thus; and what-you will *ta'ăśû* for its *'aḥărîtāh*?", "grammar": { "*ha*": "article - the", "*nəbî'îm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibbə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they prophesied", "*ba*": "preposition + article - in the", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha*": "article - the", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*yirdû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they rule", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/according to", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*'ammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*'āhăbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they loved", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*ta'ăśû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will do", "*lə*": "preposition - for/to", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end" }, "variants": { "*nibbə'û-baššeqer*": "they prophesied falsely/prophesied lies", "*yirdû 'al-yədêhem*": "they rule at their direction/rule by their authority", "*'āhăbû kēn*": "loved it so/preferred it that way", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "its end/outcome/aftermath" } }
• Jer 7:22-23 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.22", "source": "כִּ֠י לֹֽא־דִבַּ֤רְתִּי אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֔ים בְּי֛וֹם *הוציא **הוֹצִיאִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֥י עוֹלָ֖ה וָזָֽבַח׃", "text": "For not-*dibbartî ʾet-ʾăbôtêkem* and-not-*ṣiwwîtîm* in-*yôm hôṣîʾî* them from-*ʾereṣ miṣrāyim* concerning-*dibrê ʿôlāh wāzābaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*dibbartî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I spoke", "*ʾet-ʾăbôtêkem*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with your fathers", "*ṣiwwîtîm*": "piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I commanded them", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun construct - day of", "*hôṣîʾî*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct of *dābār* - matters of", "*ʿôlāh*": "feminine singular noun - burnt offering", "*wāzābaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and sacrifice" }, "variants": { "*dibbartî*": "I spoke/I talked/I declared", "*ṣiwwîtîm*": "I commanded them/I ordered them/I instructed them", "*hôṣîʾî*": "my bringing out/my leading out/my causing to go out", "*dibrê*": "matters of/words of/things of", "*ʿôlāh*": "burnt offering/whole burnt sacrifice", "*zābaḥ*": "sacrifice/slaughtered offering" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.23", "source": "כִּ֣י אִֽם־אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַ֠זֶּה צִוִּ֨יתִי אוֹתָ֤ם לֵאמֹר֙ שִׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י וְהָיִ֤יתִי לָכֶם֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּֽהְיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֑ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן יִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "But *kî ʾim-ʾet-haddābār hazzeh ṣiwwîtî ʾôtām lēʾmōr šimʿû bəqôlî wəhāyîtî lākem lēʾlōhîm wəʾattem tihyû-lî ləʿām wahalaktem bəkol-hadderek ʾăšer ʾăṣawweh ʾetkem ləmaʿan yîṭab lākem*.", "grammar": { "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but rather", "*ʾet-haddābār*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - this word/thing", "*hazzeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative adjective - this", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - listen/hear/obey", "*bəqôlî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - to my voice", "*wəhāyîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive - and I will be", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you", "*lēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - as God", "*wəʾattem*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine plural pronoun - and you", "*tihyû-lî*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - you will be to me", "*ləʿām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - as a people", "*wahalaktem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and you shall walk", "*bəkol-hadderek*": "preposition + noun + definite article + masculine singular noun - in all the way", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular - I command", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - so that/in order that", "*yîṭab*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be good", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "I commanded/I ordered/I instructed", "*šimʿû*": "listen/hear/obey", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*derekh*": "way/road/path/journey", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "I command/I instruct/I order", "*yîṭab*": "it will be good/it will go well/it will prosper" } }
• Jer 25:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.4", "source": "וְשָׁלַח֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵיכֶ֜ם אֶֽת־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֧יו הַנְּבִאִ֛ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וְלֹֽא־הִטִּיתֶ֥ם אֶֽת־אָזְנְכֶ֖ם לִשְׁמֹֽעַ׃", "text": "And *šālaḥ* *YHWH* unto you *ʾet* all *ʿăbādāyw* the *nĕbîʾîm* *haškēm* and *šālōaḥ* and not *šĕmaʿtem*, and not *hiṭṭîtem* *ʾet* your *ʾoznĕkem* *lišmōaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*šālaḥ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - sent", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 3rd singular suffix - his servants", "*nĕbîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - prophets", "*haškēm*": "verb, hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*šālōaḥ*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - sending", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd plural - you heard/listened", "*hiṭṭîtem*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 2nd plural - you inclined/turned", "*ʾoznĕkem*": "noun, feminine, dual construct + 2nd plural suffix - your ears", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hear" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*haškēm*": "rising early/persistently", "*šĕmaʿtem*": "heard/listened/obeyed", "*hiṭṭîtem*": "inclined/turned/paid attention" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.5", "source": "לֵאמֹ֗ר שֽׁוּבוּ־נָ֞א אִ֣ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֤וֹ הָֽרָעָה֙ וּמֵרֹ֣עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם וּשְׁבוּ֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לְמִן־עוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*Lēʾmōr* *šûbû*-*nāʾ* *ʾîš* from his *darĕkô* the *rāʿāh* and from *rōaʿ* of your *maʿalĕlêkem*, and *šĕbû* upon the *ʾădāmāh* which *nātan* *YHWH* to you and to your *ʾăbôtêkem* from *ʿôlām* and unto *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*Lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šûbû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - turn/return", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one", "*darĕkô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his way", "*rāʿāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - evil/wicked", "*rōaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular - evil/wickedness", "*maʿalĕlêkem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 2nd plural suffix - your deeds/practices", "*šĕbû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - dwell/remain", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/ground", "*nātan*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 2nd plural suffix - your fathers", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*šûbû*": "return/turn back/repent", "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*darĕkô*": "way/path/conduct", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*maʿalĕlêkem*": "deeds/practices/actions", "*šĕbû*": "dwell/remain/inhabit", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } }
• Jer 26:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.26.4", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֵלַ֔י לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹרָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmartā* to-them, Thus *ʾāmar* *Yəhwāh*, If-not *tišməʿû* to-me, to-*lāleḵeṯ* in-*tôrāṯî* which *nāṯattî* before-you.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - you shall say", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*tišməʿû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will hear/listen/obey", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct with prefixed lamed - to walk/follow", "*tôrāṯî*": "feminine singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my law/instruction", "*nāṯattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave/placed" }, "variants": { "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*nāṯan*": "give/put/place/set", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "to walk/go/follow" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.26.5", "source": "לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁלֵ֣חַ אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְהַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "To-*šəmōaʿ* to-*diḇrê* *ʿăḇāḏay* the-*nəḇiʾîm* whom *ʾānōḵî* *šōlēaḥ* to-you, and-*hašəkēm* and-*šālōaḥ* and-not *šəmaʿtem*.", "grammar": { "*šəmōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen/obey", "*diḇrê*": "construct state, masculine plural - words of", "*ʿăḇāḏay*": "masculine plural with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my servants", "*nəḇiʾîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*šōlēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*hašəkēm*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*šālōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - sending", "*šəmaʿtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you heard/listened" }, "variants": { "*hašəkēm wəšālōaḥ*": "idiom meaning persistently/repeatedly/diligently sending", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/spokesperson", "*šāmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.26.6", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֛י אֶת־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה כְּשִׁלֹ֑ה וְאֶת־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לִקְלָלָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And-*nāṯattî* *ʾeṯ*-the-*bayiṯ* the-this like-*Šîlōh* and-*ʾeṯ*-the-*ʿîr* the-this *ʾettēn* to-*qəlālāh* to-all *gôyê* the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*nāṯattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular with waw-consecutive - I will make/give", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bayiṯ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the house/temple", "*Šîlōh*": "proper name - Shiloh", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ʾettēn*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will give/make", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular - curse/cursing", "*gôyê*": "construct state, masculine plural - nations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*bayiṯ*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*Šîlōh*": "ancient sacred site where the tabernacle was once located", "*qəlālāh*": "curse/reproach/object of cursing", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles" } }
• 1 Sam 12:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הִֽתְיַצְּב֛וּ וְאִשָּׁפְטָ֥ה אִתְּכֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה אִתְּכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *hityaṣṣəbû* *wə-ʾiššāpəṭāh* *ʾittəkem* *lipnê* *YHWH* *ʾēt* *kol*-*ṣidqôt* *YHWH* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *ʾittəkem* *wə-ʾet*-*ʾăbôtêkem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hityaṣṣəbû*": "hithpael imperative masculine plural - stand", "*wə-ʾiššāpəṭāh*": "conjunction + niphal cohortative 1st person singular - and let me enter into judgment", "*ʾittəkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun - before", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*-*ṣidqôt*": "noun construct + noun feminine plural construct - all righteous acts of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh*": "relative pronoun + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - which he did", "*ʾittəkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*wə-ʾet*-*ʾăbôtêkem*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and with your fathers" }, "variants": { "*hityaṣṣəbû*": "stand/present yourselves/take your stand", "*wə-ʾiššāpəṭāh*": "and let me enter into judgment/plead/reason with", "*ṣidqôt*": "righteous acts/righteous deeds/saving acts", "*ʾittəkem*": "with you/for you" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.8", "source": "כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיּוֹצִ֤יאוּ אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וַיֹּשִׁב֖וּם בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ka-ʾăšer*-*bāʾ* *yaʿăqōb* *miṣrāyim* *wa-yizʿăqû* *ʾăbôtêkem* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *wa-yišlaḥ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*mōšeh* *wə-ʾet*-*ʾahărōn* *wa-yôṣîʾû* *ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem* *mi-miṣrayim* *wa-yōšibûm* *ba-māqôm* *ha-zeh*", "grammar": { "*ka-ʾăšer*-*bāʾ*": "preposition + relative pronoun + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - when came", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wa-yizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they cried out", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*ʾel*-*YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to the LORD", "*wa-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾet*-*mōšeh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Moses", "*wə-ʾet*-*ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Aaron", "*wa-yôṣîʾû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they brought out", "*ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*mi-miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*wa-yōšibûm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and they settled them", "*ba-māqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the place", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*wa-yizʿăqû*": "and they cried out/called for help/pleaded", "*wa-yôṣîʾû*": "and they brought out/led out", "*wa-yōšibûm*": "and they settled them/caused them to dwell/made them live" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.9", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁכְּח֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּמְכֹּ֣ר אֹתָ֡ם בְּיַ֣ד סִֽיסְרָא֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א חָצ֜וֹר וּבְיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וּבְיַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yiškəḥû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *wa-yimkōr* *ʾōtām* *bəyad* *sîsərāʾ* *śar*-*ṣəbāʾ* *ḥāṣôr* *û-bəyad*-*pəlištîm* *û-bəyad* *melek* *môʾāb* *wa-yillāḥămû* *bām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiškəḥû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they forgot", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*wa-yimkōr*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sold", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bəyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - into the hand of", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*śar*-*ṣəbāʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - commander of the army of", "*ḥāṣôr*": "proper noun - Hazor", "*û-bəyad*-*pəlištîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct + proper noun - and into the hand of the Philistines", "*û-bəyad*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct - and into the hand of", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wa-yillāḥămû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they fought", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yiškəḥû*": "and they forgot/abandoned/forsook", "*wa-yimkōr*": "and he sold/handed over/delivered", "*bəyad*": "into the hand of/into the power of", "*wa-yillāḥămû*": "and they fought/made war" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.10", "source": "וַיִּזְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ *ויאמר *וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ חָטָ֔אנוּ כִּ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַנַּעֲבֹ֥ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְעַתָּ֗ה הַצִּילֵ֛נוּ מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "*wa-yizʿăqû* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *wa-yōʾmərû* *ḥāṭāʾnû* *kî* *ʿāzabnû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wa-naʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*ha-bəʿālîm* *wə-ʾet*-*hā-ʿaštārôt* *wə-ʿattāh* *haṣṣîlēnû* *miyyad* *ʾōyəbênû* *wə-naʿabdekā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they cried out", "*ʾel*-*YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to the LORD", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1st person common plural - we have sinned", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*ʿāzabnû*": "qal perfect 1st person common plural - we have forsaken", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the LORD", "*wa-naʿăbōd*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1st person common plural - and we served", "*ʾet*-*ha-bəʿālîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the Baals", "*wə-ʾet*-*hā-ʿaštārôt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine plural - and the Ashtaroth", "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular + 1st person common plural suffix - deliver us", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*ʾōyəbênû*": "noun masculine plural + 1st person common plural suffix - our enemies", "*wə-naʿabdekā*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person common plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and we will serve you" }, "variants": { "*wa-yizʿăqû*": "and they cried out/called for help/pleaded", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/done wrong", "*ʿāzabnû*": "we have forsaken/abandoned/left", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "the Baals/the Lords/the Masters", "*hā-ʿaštārôt*": "the Ashtaroth/the goddesses/the female deities", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "deliver us/save us/rescue us", "*naʿabdekā*": "we will serve you/worship you/be your servants" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.11", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־יְרֻבַּ֣עַל וְאֶת־בְּדָ֔ן וְאֶת־יִפְתָּ֖ח וְאֶת־שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיַּצֵּ֨ל אֶתְכֶ֜ם מִיַּ֤ד אֹֽיְבֵיכֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בֶּֽטַח׃", "text": "*wa-yišlaḥ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*yərubbaʿal* *wə-ʾet*-*bədān* *wə-ʾet*-*yiptāḥ* *wə-ʾet*-*šəmûʾēl* *wa-yaṣṣēl* *ʾetkem* *miyyad* *ʾōyəbêkem* *mi-sābîb* *wa-tēšbû* *beṭaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾet*-*yərubbaʿal*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Jerubbaal", "*wə-ʾet*-*bədān*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Bedan", "*wə-ʾet*-*yiptāḥ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Jephthah", "*wə-ʾet*-*šəmûʾēl*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Samuel", "*wa-yaṣṣēl*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he delivered", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*mi-sābîb*": "preposition + adverb - from around", "*wa-tēšbû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you lived", "*beṭaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - securely" }, "variants": { "*yərubbaʿal*": "Jerubbaal/Gideon", "*bədān*": "Bedan/Barak (possibly)", "*wa-yaṣṣēl*": "and he delivered/rescued/saved", "*mi-sābîb*": "from around/from all sides/from all around", "*wa-tēšbû*": "and you lived/dwelled/settled", "*beṭaḥ*": "securely/in safety/confidently" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.12", "source": "וַתִּרְא֗וּ כִּֽי־נָחָ֞שׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן֮ בָּ֣א עֲלֵיכֶם֒ וַתֹּ֣אמְרוּ לִ֔י לֹ֕א כִּי־מֶ֖לֶךְ יִמְלֹ֣ךְ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מַלְכְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tirʾû* *kî*-*nāḥāš* *melek* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *bāʾ* *ʿălêkem* *wa-tōʾmərû* *lî* *lōʾ* *kî*-*melek* *yimlōk* *ʿālênû* *wa-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *malkəkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-tirʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you saw", "*kî*-*nāḥāš*": "conjunction + proper noun - that Nahash", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "noun masculine plural construct + proper noun - the sons of Ammon", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - came", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - against you", "*wa-tōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you said", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - no", "*kî*-*melek*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - but a king", "*yimlōk*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - shall reign", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition + 1st person common plural suffix - over us", "*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - while the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*malkəkem*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your king" }, "variants": { "*nāḥāš*": "Nahash (proper name)/serpent", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon/Ammonites", "*yimlōk*": "shall reign/should rule/must be king", "*malkəkem*": "your king/your ruler" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.13", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁאֶלְתֶּ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מֶֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *hinnēh* *ha-melek* *ʾăšer* *bəḥartem* *ʾăšer* *šəʾeltem* *wə-hinnēh* *nātan* *YHWH* *ʿălêkem* *melek*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the king", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*bəḥartem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you have chosen", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*šəʾeltem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you asked for", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has set", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - over you", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular - a king" }, "variants": { "*bəḥartem*": "you have chosen/selected/desired", "*šəʾeltem*": "you asked for/requested/demanded", "*nātan*": "he has set/given/appointed" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.14", "source": "אִם־תִּֽירְא֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֣ם בְּקֹל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תַמְר֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וִהְיִתֶ֣ם גַּם־אַתֶּ֗ם וְגַם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָלַ֣ךְ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אַחַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*tîrəʾû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wa-ʿăbadtem* *ʾōtô* *û-šəmaʿtem* *bəqōlô* *wə-lōʾ* *tamrû* *ʾet*-*pî* *YHWH* *wihyîtem* *gam*-*ʾattem* *wə-gam*-*ha-melek* *ʾăšer* *mālak* *ʿălêkem* *ʾaḥar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*-*tîrəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - if you fear", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the LORD", "*wa-ʿăbadtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and serve", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him", "*û-šəmaʿtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and listen", "*bəqōlô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his voice", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tamrû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - rebel against", "*ʾet*-*pî*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the mouth/command of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*wihyîtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - then you will be", "*gam*-*ʾattem*": "adverb + 2nd person masculine plural independent pronoun - both you", "*wə-gam*-*ha-melek*": "conjunction + adverb + definite article + noun masculine singular - and also the king", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*mālak*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - reigns", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - over you", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after/following", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*tîrəʾû*": "you fear/reverence/stand in awe of", "*wa-ʿăbadtem*": "and serve/worship/follow", "*û-šəmaʿtem*": "and listen/obey/heed", "*bəqōlô*": "to his voice/to his command/to his word", "*tamrû*": "rebel against/disobey/be contentious with", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*ʾaḥar*": "after/following/walking behind" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.15", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וּמְרִיתֶ֖ם אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְהָיְתָ֧ה יַד־יְהוָ֛ה בָּכֶ֖ם וּבַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim*-*lōʾ* *tišməʿû* *bəqôl* *YHWH* *û-mərîtem* *ʾet*-*pî* *YHWH* *wə-hāytāh* *yad*-*YHWH* *bākem* *û-ba-ʾăbōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*-*lōʾ*": "conjunction + conjunction + negative particle - but if not", "*tišməʿû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you listen", "*bəqôl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to the voice of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*û-mərîtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and rebel against", "*ʾet*-*pî*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the mouth/command of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*wə-hāytāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - then will be", "*yad*-*YHWH*": "noun feminine singular construct + proper noun - the hand of the LORD", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - against you", "*û-ba-ʾăbōtêkem*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and against your fathers" }, "variants": { "*tišməʿû*": "you listen/obey/heed", "*bəqôl*": "to the voice/command/word", "*û-mərîtem*": "and rebel against/disobey/are contentious with", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*yad*-*YHWH*": "the hand of the LORD/the power of the LORD/the judgment of the LORD", "*bākem*": "against you/upon you" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:23 : 23 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.23", "source": "עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר־הֵסִ֨יר יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֔יו כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד כָּל־עֲבָדָ֣יו הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים וַיִּ֨גֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל מֵעַ֤ל אַדְמָתוֹ֙ אַשּׁ֔וּרָה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Until which *sûr* *YHWH* *ʾēt*-*yiśrāʾēl* from upon *pānîm* his, as which he *dābar*, by hand of all-*ʿebed* his the *nābîʾ*; and he *gālâ* *yiśrāʾēl* from upon *ʾădāmâ* his *ʾaššûr*-ward until the *yôm* the this.", "grammar": { "*sûr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he removed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*dābar*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*gālâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he exiled", "*ʾădāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day" }, "variants": { "*sûr*": "remove/take away/drive out", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight", "*dābar*": "speak/say/declare", "*ʿebed*": "servants/slaves/officials", "*nābîʾ*": "prophets/seers", "*gālâ*": "exile/deport/carry away captive", "*ʾădāmâ*": "land/ground/earth", "*yôm*": "day/time/period" } }
• 1 Chr 29:29 : 29 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.29.29", "source": "‫וְדִבְרֵי֙ דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הָרִאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאֲחרֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל הָרֹאֶ֔ה וְעַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וְעַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י גָּ֥ד הַחֹזֶֽה׃‬", "text": "And-*dibrê* *Dāwīd* the-*melek*, the-*riʾšōnîm* and-the-*ʾaḥărōnîm*, behold-they *kətûbîm* upon-*dibrê* *Šəmûʾēl* the-*rōʾeh* and-upon-*dibrê* *Nātān* the-*nābîʾ* and-upon-*dibrê* *Gād* the-*ḥōzeh*.", "grammar": { "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - acts/affairs of", "*Dāwīd*": "proper noun - David", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*riʾšōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - first/former", "*ʾaḥărōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - last/latter", "*kətûbîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - written", "*Šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*rōʾeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seer", "*Nātān*": "proper noun - Nathan", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*Gād*": "proper noun - Gad", "*ḥōzeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seer" }, "variants": { "*dibrê*": "acts/affairs/words/matters/chronicles", "*riʾšōnîm*": "first/former/earlier", "*ʾaḥărōnîm*": "last/latter/later", "*rōʾeh*": "seer/prophet/one who sees", "*ḥōzeh*": "seer/visionary/one who perceives" } }
• 2 Chr 36:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.15", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֡ח יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּיַ֥ד מַלְאָכָ֖יו הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְשָׁל֑וֹחַ כִּֽי־חָמַ֥ל עַל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְעַל־מְעוֹנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* their-*ʾăbôtêhem* to-them by-hand-of his-*malʾākāyw* *haškēm* and-*šālôaḥ* because-he-*ḥāmal* on-his-*ʿammô* and-on-his-*mĕʿônô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*ʾăbôtêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*malʾākāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers", "*haškēm*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*šālôaḥ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - sending", "*ḥāmal*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he had compassion", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*mĕʿônô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dwelling place" }, "variants": { "*haškēm*": "rising early/persistently/repeatedly", "*šālôaḥ*": "sending/dispatching/commissioning", "*ḥāmal*": "had compassion/had pity/spared", "*mĕʿônô*": "his dwelling place/his habitation/his sanctuary" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.16", "source": "וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ מַלְעִבִים֙ בְּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבוֹזִ֣ים דְּבָרָ֔יו וּמִֽתַּעְתְּעִ֖ים בִּנְבִאָ֑יו עַ֠ד עֲל֧וֹת חֲמַת־יְהוָ֛ה בְּעַמּ֖וֹ עַד־לְאֵ֥ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃", "text": "And *wayyihyû* *malʿibîm* with-*malʾăkê* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*bôzîm* his-*dĕbārāyw* and-*mitaʿtĕʿîm* with-his-*nĕbiʾāyw* until *ʿălôt* *ḥămat-yhwh* on-his-*ʿammô* until-to-no *marpēʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they were", "*malʿibîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - mocking", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct noun - messengers of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God", "*bôzîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - despising", "*dĕbārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "Hitpael participle masculine plural - mocking/scoffing", "*nĕbiʾāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his prophets", "*ʿălôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - rising of", "*ḥămat-yhwh*": "construct chain - wrath of YHWH", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*marpēʾ*": "masculine singular noun - healing/remedy" }, "variants": { "*malʿibîm*": "mocking/scoffing/ridiculing", "*bôzîm*": "despising/disdaining/holding in contempt", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "mocking/scoffing/deriding", "*ḥămat*": "wrath/anger/fury" } }
• Deut 4:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.26", "source": "הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃", "text": "*haʿîdōtî bākem ha-yyôm ʾet-ha-ššāmayim wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ kî-ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn mahēr mē-ʿal hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer ʾattem ʿōbərîm ʾet-ha-yyardēn šāmmāh lə-rištāh lōʾ-taʾărîkun yāmîm ʿālêhā kî hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*.", "grammar": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - I call to witness", "*bākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*ha-yyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*ʾet-ha-ššāmayim*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly perish", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - crossing over", "*ʾet-ha-yyardēn*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*lə-rištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʾărîkun*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you will prolong", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - on it", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/for", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "Niphal infinitive absolute + Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly be destroyed" }, "variants": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "call to witness/testify against/warn", "*yôm*": "day/today", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "surely perish/utterly be destroyed/completely vanish", "*mahēr*": "quickly/speedily/soon", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing over", "*yardēn*": "Jordan/Jordan River", "*rištāh*": "possess it/inherit it/take ownership of it", "*taʾărîkun*": "prolong/extend/lengthen", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "be utterly destroyed/be completely annihilated" } }
• Deut 8:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.19", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־שָׁכֹ֤חַ תִּשְׁכַּח֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֗ אַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַעֲבַדְתָּ֖ם וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֣יתָ לָהֶ֑ם הַעִדֹ֤תִי בָכֶם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֥י אָבֹ֖ד תֹּאבֵדֽוּן׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* if-*šākōaḥ* *tiškaḥ* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* and-*hālaktā* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and-*ʿăbadtām* and-*hištaḥăwîtā* to-them *haʿidōtî* against-you the-*yôm* that *ʾābōd* *tōʾbēdûn*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*šākōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - to forget", "*tiškaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forget", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*hālaktā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you go", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*ʿăbadtām*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you serve them", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "Hishtaphel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you bow down", "*haʿidōtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I testify", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*ʾābōd*": "Qal infinitive absolute - to perish", "*tōʾbēdûn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural paragogic nun - you shall perish" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*šākōaḥ* *tiškaḥ*": "utterly forget/surely forget/completely forget", "*hālaktā*": "you go/walk/follow", "*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign gods", "*ʿăbadtām*": "you serve them/worship them", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "you bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*haʿidōtî*": "I testify/warn/witness against", "*ʾābōd* *tōʾbēdûn*": "you shall surely perish/utterly be destroyed/completely be lost" } }
• Deut 31:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.21", "source": "וְ֠הָיָה כִּֽי־תִמְצֶ֨אןָ אֹת֜וֹ רָע֣וֹת רַבּוֹת֮ וְצָרוֹת֒ וְ֠עָנְתָה הַשִּׁירָ֨ה הַזֹּ֤את לְפָנָיו֙ לְעֵ֔ד כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכַ֖ח מִפִּ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ כִּ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־יִצְר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא עֹשֶׂה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּטֶ֣רֶם אֲבִיאֶ֔נּוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי׃", "text": "*wə-hāyāh kî-timṣeʾnā ʾōtô rāʿôt rabbôt wə-ṣārôt wə-ʿānətāh ha-šîrāh ha-zōʾt lə-pānāyw lə-ʿēd kî lōʾ tiššākaḥ mi-pî zarʿô kî yādaʿtî ʾet-yiṣrô ʾăšer hûʾ ʿōśeh ha-yôm bə-ṭerem ʾăbîʾennû ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer nišbāʿtî*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will happen", "*kî-timṣeʾnā*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - when they will find", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*rāʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural - evils", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many", "*wə-ṣārôt*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine plural - and troubles", "*wə-ʿānətāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will answer/testify", "*ha-šîrāh ha-zōʾt*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this song", "*lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before him", "*lə-ʿēd*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - as a witness", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiššākaḥ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be forgotten", "*mi-pî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from mouth of", "*zarʿô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his seed/offspring", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*yādaʿtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I know", "*ʾet-yiṣrô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his inclination/intention", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʿōśeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - doing", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - today", "*bə-ṭerem*": "preposition + adverb - before", "*ʾăbîʾennû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I bring him", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nišbāʿtî*": "Niphal perfect, 1st singular - I swore" }, "variants": { "*timṣeʾnā*": "find/befall/happen upon", "*rāʿôt*": "evils/disasters/calamities", "*ṣārôt*": "troubles/distresses/afflictions", "*wə-ʿānətāh*": "testify/respond/answer/witness against", "*lə-pānāyw*": "before him/in his presence/against him", "*tiššākaḥ*": "will be forgotten/will vanish/will be lost", "*zarʿô*": "his offspring/his descendants/his seed/posterity", "*yiṣrô*": "his inclination/his intention/his disposition/his thoughts" } }
• Josh 23:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Joshua.23.16", "source": "בְּ֠עָבְרְכֶם אֶת־בְּרִ֨ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֒ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֔ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר נָתַ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "In *ʿāḇrəkem* *ʾet* *bərît* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* which *ṣiwwâ* you and *waăhălaktem* and *waʿăḇadtem* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and *wəhištaḥăwîtem* to them and *wəḥārâ* *ʾap̄* *YHWH* in you and *waʾăḇadtem* *məhērâ* from over the *ʾāreṣ* the *ṭôḇâ* which *nātan* to you.", "grammar": { "*ʿāḇrəkem*": "qal infinitive construct + 2mp suffix - your transgressing", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2mp suffix - your God", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*waăhălaktem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you go", "*waʿăḇadtem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*wəhištaḥăwîtem*": "waw + hishtaphel perfect 2mp - and you bow down", "*wəḥārâ*": "waw + qal perfect 3ms - and will burn", "*ʾap̄*": "masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*waʾăḇadtem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you will perish", "*məhērâ*": "adverb - quickly", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land", "*ṭôḇâ*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the good", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3ms - he gave" }, "variants": { "*ʿāḇrəkem*": "your transgressing/violating/crossing over", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*waăhălaktem*": "and you go/walk/follow", "*waʿăḇadtem*": "and you serve/worship/work for", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*wəhištaḥăwîtem*": "and you bow down/prostrate yourselves/worship", "*wəḥārâ ʾap̄-YHWH*": "and the anger of YHWH will burn/YHWH's wrath will be kindled", "*waʾăḇadtem məhērâ*": "and you will perish quickly/be destroyed rapidly", "*ʾāreṣ ṭôḇâ*": "good land/pleasant country" } }
• Judg 6:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Judges.6.10", "source": "וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָכֶ֗ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֤א תִֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יוֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקוֹלִֽי׃", "text": "And *wāʾōmərâ* to you *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* not *tîrəʾû* *ʾet-ʾĕlōhê* *hāʾĕmōrî* *ʾăšer* you *yôšəbîm* in *ʾarṣām* and not *šəmaʿtem* in *qôlî*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmərâ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*tîrəʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall fear", "*ʾet-ʾĕlōhê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorites", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/whom", "*yôšəbîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - dwelling/sitting", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their land", "*šəmaʿtem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you listened/heard", "*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my voice" }, "variants": { "*tîrəʾû*": "fear/be afraid of/reverence", "*yôšəbîm*": "dwelling/residing/sitting/inhabiting", "*šəmaʿtem*": "listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "my voice/my command/my word" } }
• Judg 10:11-14 : 11 { "verseID": "Judges.10.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמִן־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וּמִן־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* is-not from-*miṣrayim* and-from-*hā-ʾĕmōrî* and-from-*bənê* *ʿammôn* and-from-*pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "he said/he spoke" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.10.12", "source": "וְצִידוֹנִ֤ים וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙ וּמָע֔וֹן לָחֲצ֖וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדָֽם", "text": "and-*ṣîḏônîm* and-*ʿămālēq* and-*māʿôn* *lāḥăṣû* you *wə-tiṣʿăqû* to-me *wā-ʾôšîʿāh* you from-*yāḏām*", "grammar": { "*ṣîḏônîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Sidonians", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*māʿôn*": "proper noun - Maon", "*lāḥăṣû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they oppressed", "*wə-tiṣʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2mp - and you cried out", "*wā-ʾôšîʿāh*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cs - and I saved", "*yāḏām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - their hand" }, "variants": { "*lāḥăṣû*": "they oppressed/they pressured/they squeezed", "*wə-tiṣʿăqû*": "you cried out/you called for help", "*wā-ʾôšîʿāh*": "I saved/I delivered/I rescued" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.10.13", "source": "וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים לָכֵ֥ן לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֖יף לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם", "text": "and-you *ʿăzaḇtem* me *wə-taʿaḇdû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* therefore not-*ʾôsîp̄* *lə-hôšîaʿ* you", "grammar": { "*ʿăzaḇtem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have forsaken", "*wə-taʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2mp - and you have served", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "hiphil imperfect 1cs - I will continue/add", "*lə-hôšîaʿ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to save" }, "variants": { "*ʿăzaḇtem*": "you have forsaken/you have abandoned", "*wə-taʿaḇdû*": "you have served/you have worshipped", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "I will continue/I will add/I will do again" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.10.14", "source": "לְכ֗וּ וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם בָּ֑ם הֵ֛מָּה יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָכֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת צָרַתְכֶֽם", "text": "*ləḵû* and-*zaʿăqû* to-*hā-ʾĕlōhîm* which *bəḥartem* in-them they *yôšîʿû* to-you in-*ʿēṯ* *ṣāraṯəḵem*", "grammar": { "*ləḵû*": "qal imperative 2mp - go", "*zaʿăqû*": "qal imperative 2mp - cry out", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the gods", "*bəḥartem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have chosen", "*yôšîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3mp - they will save", "*ʿēṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*ṣāraṯəḵem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2mp suffix - your distress" }, "variants": { "*zaʿăqû*": "cry out/call for help", "*bəḥartem*": "you have chosen/you have selected", "*yôšîʿû*": "they will save/they will deliver/they will rescue", "*ṣāraṯəḵem*": "your distress/your trouble/your tribulation" } }
• Hos 4:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.15", "source": "אִם־זֹנֶ֤ה אַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַל־יֶאְשַׁ֖ם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאַל־תָּבֹ֣אוּ הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל וְאַֽל־תַּעֲלוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן וְאַל־תִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ חַי־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾim-zōnê* *ʾattâ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾal-yeʾšam* *Yəhûdâ* *wə-ʾal-tābōʾû* *ha-Gilgāl* *wə-ʾal-taʿălû* *Bêt* *ʾāwen* *wə-ʾal-tiššābəʿû* *ḥay*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*zōnê*": "participle, masculine singular - playing the harlot", "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (jussive) - let not", "*yeʾšam*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, jussive - become guilty", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (jussive) - and let not", "*tābōʾû*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you come", "*ha-Gilgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilgal", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (jussive) - and let not", "*taʿălû*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you go up", "*Bêt*": "noun, construct state - house of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun - idolatry/iniquity/trouble", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (jussive) - and let not", "*tiššābəʿû*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural, niphal - you swear", "*ḥay*": "adjective, construct state - life of/as lives", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*ʾāšam*": "be guilty/bear punishment/become desolate", "*Bêt ʾāwen*": "House of Iniquity/Wickedness (pejorative name for Bethel)", "*ʾāwen*": "trouble/wickedness/sorrow/idolatry", "*šābaʿ* (niphal)": "swear/take an oath" } }
• Hos 14:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.14.1", "source": "תֶּאְשַׁם֙ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן כִּ֥י מָרְתָ֖ה בֵּֽאלֹהֶ֑יהָ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפֹּ֔לוּ עֹלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יְרֻטָּ֔שׁוּ וְהָרִיּוֹתָ֖יו יְבֻקָּֽעוּ׃ פ", "text": "*teʾšam* *šōmrôn* *kî* *mārtâ* *bēʾlōhêhā* *baḥereḇ* *yippōlû* *ʿōlĕlêhem* *yĕruṭṭāšû* *wĕhāriyyôtāyw* *yĕbuqqāʿû*", "grammar": { "*teʾšam*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - shall become guilty/desolate", "*šōmrôn*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Samaria (capital city)", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*mārtâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she has rebelled/been rebellious", "*bēʾlōhêhā*": "preposition + noun + suffix - against her God", "*baḥereḇ*": "preposition + noun - by the sword", "*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd plural - they shall fall", "*ʿōlĕlêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + suffix - their little ones/infants", "*yĕruṭṭāšû*": "pual imperfect 3rd plural - they shall be dashed in pieces", "*wĕhāriyyôtāyw*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural construct + suffix - and his pregnant women", "*yĕbuqqāʿû*": "pual imperfect 3rd plural - they shall be ripped up" }, "variants": { "*teʾšam*": "be guilty/become desolate/bear punishment", "*mārtâ*": "rebelled/been bitter/disobeyed", "*yĕruṭṭāšû*": "dashed in pieces/smashed/destroyed", "*yĕbuqqāʿû*": "ripped open/split/cut open" } }
• Zech 1:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.3", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֗ם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֣וּבוּ אֵלַ֔י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְאָשׁ֣וּב אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת", "text": "*wᵉʾāmartā* to-them, \"Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt*, '*šûḇû* to-me,' *nᵉʾum* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt*, '*wᵉʾāšûḇ* to-you,' *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt*", "grammar": { "*wᵉʾāmartā*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + verb qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*ʾāmar*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*šûḇû*": "verb qal imperative masculine plural - return/turn", "*nᵉʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*wᵉʾāšûḇ*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + verb qal imperfect 1st common singular - and I will return/turn", "*ʾāmar*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/says" }, "variants": { "*šûḇû*": "return/turn/repent", "*wᵉʾāšûḇ*": "and I will return/and I will turn/and I will restore", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/heavenly forces" } } 4 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.4", "source": "אַל־תִּהְי֣וּ כַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרְאֽוּ־אֲלֵיהֶם֩ הַנְּבִיאִ֨ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֤וּבוּ נָא֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֔ים וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖ם הָֽרָעִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֛וּ וְלֹֽא־הִקְשִׁ֥יבוּ אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה", "text": "Not-*tihᵉyû* like-*ʾăḇōtêḵem* who *qārᵉʾû*-to-them the *nᵉḇîʾîm* the *rīʾšōnîm* *lēʾmōr*, 'Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt*, '*šûḇû* *nāʾ* from-*darḵêḵem* the *hārāʿîm* and-from-*maʿalᵉlêḵem* the *hārāʿîm*'; and-not *šāmᵉʿû* and-not-*hiqšîḇû* to-me *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*tihᵉyû*": "verb qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural with negative particle *ʾal* - do not be", "*ʾăḇōtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix with comparative preposition *kᵉ* - like your fathers", "*qārᵉʾû*": "verb qal perfect 3rd common plural - called/cried out", "*nᵉḇîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*rīʾšōnîm*": "adjective masculine plural with definite article - the former/first", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāmar*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*šûḇû*": "verb qal imperative masculine plural - return/turn", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - now/please", "*darḵêḵem*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix with preposition *min* - from your ways", "*hārāʿîm*": "adjective masculine plural with definite article - the evil/bad", "*maʿalᵉlêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix with conjunction *wᵉ* and preposition *min* - and from your deeds/practices", "*šāmᵉʿû*": "verb qal perfect 3rd common plural with negative particle *lōʾ* - they did not hear/listen", "*hiqšîḇû*": "verb hiphil perfect 3rd common plural with negative particle *lōʾ* - they did not pay attention/heed", "*nᵉʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of" }, "variants": { "*šûḇû*": "return/turn/repent", "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*hārāʿîm*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*maʿalᵉlêḵem*": "deeds/practices/actions", "*šāmᵉʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*hiqšîḇû*": "pay attention/heed/listen attentively", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } } 5 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.5", "source": "אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם אַיֵּה־הֵ֑ם וְהַ֨נְּבִאִ֔ים הַלְעוֹלָ֖ם יִֽחְיֽוּ", "text": "*ʾăḇôtêḵem* where-them? And-the-*nᵉḇiʾim* *halᵉʿôlām* *yiḥᵉyû*?", "grammar": { "*ʾăḇôtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*nᵉḇiʾim*": "noun masculine plural with definite article and conjunction *wᵉ* - and the prophets", "*halᵉʿôlām*": "interrogative *hă* + preposition *lᵉ* + noun masculine singular - for forever?", "*yiḥᵉyû*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will live" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḇôtêḵem*": "your fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration", "*yiḥᵉyû*": "live/remain alive/exist" } } 6 { "verseID": "Zechariah.1.6", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ דְּבָרַ֣י וְחֻקַּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הֲל֥וֹא הִשִּׂ֖יגוּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר זָמַ֜ם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לָ֔נוּ כִּדְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּכְמַ֣עֲלָלֵ֔ינוּ כֵּ֖ן עָשָׂ֥ה אִתָּֽנוּ׃", "text": "*ʾaḵ* *dᵉḇāray* *wᵉḥuqqay* which *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʿăḇāday* the *nᵉḇîʾîm*, *hălôʾ* *hiśśîgû* *ʾăḇōtêḵem*? *wayyāšûḇû* *wayyōʾmᵉrû*, 'As *zāmam* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôt* *laʿăśôt* to-us, according to *kiḏᵉrāḵênû* and-according to *ḵᵉmaʿălālênû*, so *ʿāśāh* with-us'", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/only/nevertheless", "*dᵉḇāray*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my words", "*wᵉḥuqqay*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my statutes/decrees", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "verb piel perfect 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʿăḇāday*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix with direct object marker *ʾet* - my servants", "*nᵉḇîʾîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - did not?", "*hiśśîgû*": "verb hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - overtook/reached", "*ʾăḇōtêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*wayyāšûḇû*": "conjunction *wa* + verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with consecutive vav - and they returned/repented", "*wayyōʾmᵉrû*": "conjunction *wa* + verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with consecutive vav - and they said", "*zāmam*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - purposed/planned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition *lᵉ* + verb qal infinitive construct - to do", "*kiḏᵉrāḵênû*": "preposition *kᵉ* + noun feminine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - according to our ways", "*ḵᵉmaʿălālênû*": "conjunction *wᵉ* + preposition *kᵉ* + noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - and according to our deeds/practices", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did/has done" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵ*": "surely/only/nevertheless", "*hiśśîgû*": "overtook/reached/caught up with", "*wayyāšûḇû*": "and they returned/and they repented/and they turned back", "*zāmam*": "purposed/planned/determined", "*maʿălālênû*": "deeds/practices/actions" } }
• Acts 20:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Acts.20.21", "source": "Διαμαρτυρόμενος Ἰουδαίοις τε, καὶ Ἕλλησιν, τὴν εἰς τὸν Θεὸν μετάνοιαν, καὶ πίστιν τὴν εἰς τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν.", "text": "*Diamartyromenos* to-*Ioudaiois* *te*, and *Hellēsin*, the toward the *Theon* *metanoian*, and *pistin* the toward the *Kyrion* of-us *Iēsoun* *Christon*.", "grammar": { "*Diamartyromenos*": "present participle, middle, nominative, masculine, singular - testifying solemnly", "*Ioudaiois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to Jews", "*te*": "connective particle - and/both", "*Hellēsin*": "dative, masculine, plural - to Greeks", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*metanoian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - repentance", "*pistin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - faith", "*Kyrion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*Christon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Christ" }, "variants": { "*Diamartyromenos*": "testifying solemnly/earnestly witnessing", "*te*": "both/and", "*metanoian*": "repentance/change of mind", "*pistin*": "faith/belief/trust" } }
• 2 Pet 3:9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Peter.3.9", "source": "Οὐ βραδύνει ὁ Κύριος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, ὥς τινες βραδύτητα ἡγοῦνται· ἀλλὰ μακροθυμεῖ εἰς ἡμᾶς, μὴ βουλόμενός τινας ἀπολέσθαι, ἀλλὰ πάντας εἰς μετάνοιαν χωρῆσαι.", "text": "Not *bradynei* the *Kyrios* of-the *epangelias*, as some *bradytēta hēgountai*; but *makrothymei* toward us, not *boulomenos* any to-*apolesthai*, but all into *metanoian chōrēsai*.", "grammar": { "*bradynei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - delays/is slow", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*epangelias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of promise/pledge", "*bradytēta*": "accusative, feminine, singular - slowness/delay", "*hēgountai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd person plural - they consider/regard/think", "*makrothymei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is patient/forbearing", "*boulomenos*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - willing/wanting/desiring", "*apolesthai*": "aorist middle infinitive - to perish/be destroyed", "*metanoian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - repentance/change of mind", "*chōrēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to make room for/proceed/come to" }, "variants": { "*bradynei*": "delays/is slow/tarries", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/Master/Ruler", "*epangelias*": "promise/pledge/announcement", "*bradytēta*": "slowness/delay/tardiness", "*hēgountai*": "consider/regard/think/count", "*makrothymei*": "is patient/forbearing/longsuffering", "*boulomenos*": "willing/wanting/desiring/wishing", "*apolesthai*": "to perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*metanoian*": "repentance/change of mind/transformation of thinking", "*chōrēsai*": "to make room for/proceed/come to/enter into" } }
• Jer 42:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.42.19", "source": "דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה עֲלֵיכֶם֙ שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה אַל־תָּבֹ֖אוּ מִצְרָ֑יִם יָדֹ֙עַ֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּ כִּי־הַעִידֹ֥תִי בָכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*Dibber* *YHWH* concerning-you *šəʾêrîṯ* *yəhûḏāh*, do-not *tāḇōʾû* *miṣrāyim*; *yāḏōaʿ* *têḏəʿû* that-I-*haʿîḏōṯî* against-you the-*hayyôm*.", "grammar": { "*Dibber*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*šəʾêrîṯ*": "feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*tāḇōʾû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural jussive - you shall enter", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāḏōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - knowing", "*têḏəʿû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will know", "*haʿîḏōṯî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have testified/warned", "*hayyôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day" }, "variants": { "*Dibber*": "has spoken/declared/commanded", "*šəʾêrîṯ*": "remnant/remainder/survivors", "*tāḇōʾû*": "you shall enter/go/come", "*yāḏōaʿ têḏəʿû*": "you shall surely know/definitely understand", "*haʿîḏōṯî*": "I have testified/warned/admonished", "*hayyôm*": "today/this day" } }