Verse 4

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.4", "source": "וְזֶה֙ דְּבַ֣ר הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־יָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וָחָ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַכֶּ֤ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת וְה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖וֹ מִתְּמֹ֥ל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם", "text": "And-this *dĕbar* the-*rōtseaḥ* who-*yānūs* there and-*ḥāy* who *yakkeh* *ʾet*-*rēʿēhū* in-without-*daʿat* and-he not-*sōnēʾ* to-him from-*tĕmōl* *shilshōm*", "grammar": { "*dĕbar*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'matter of/case of'", "*rōtseaḥ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'murderer/manslayer'", "*yānūs*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he shall flee'", "*ḥāy*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'and live'", "*yakkeh*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he strikes/kills'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rēʿēhū*": "common noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his neighbor'", "*daʿat*": "common noun feminine singular - 'knowledge'", "*sōnēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'hating'", "*tĕmōl*": "adverb - 'yesterday'", "*shilshōm*": "adverb - 'day before yesterday'" }, "variants": { "*dĕbar*": "matter/case/situation", "*rōtseaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills", "*yānūs*": "flees/escapes/runs away", "*ḥāy*": "lives/survives/stays alive", "*yakkeh*": "strikes/hits/kills", "*rēʿēhū*": "his neighbor/his friend/his fellow", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/awareness/intention", "*sōnēʾ*": "hating/being hostile to/being an enemy of", "*tĕmōl shilshōm*": "previously/beforehand/in the past (idiom)" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dette gjelder den som kan flykte dit for å redde sitt liv: Når noen dreper sin neste ved en feil, uten forsett, og ikke har hatt noe hat mot ham før,

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og dette er regelen for drapsmannen som flykter dit for å redde sitt liv: den som dreper sin nabo uten forsett, og som ikke hatet ham i fortiden.

• Norsk King James

  Og dette er saken for den som uforvarende dreper, så han kan leve: Den som dreper sin nabo uten at han ikke hadde hatt hat;

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dette er saken for de som kan flykte dit for å redde livet: Den som dreper sin nabo uten å vite det, og som ikke har hatet ham tidligere,

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Dette er reglene for en drapsmann som flykter dit for å berge livet sitt: En som dreper sin nabo uten forsett, og som ikke har båret nag til ham i fortiden,

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Og dette er tilfelle for den som flykter dit for å redde sitt liv: Den som dreper sin nabo uten å vite det, uten å ha følt hat mot ham tidligere;

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Dette gjelder den drapsmannen som flykter dit for å leve, den som uaktsomt dreper sin neste, ham han tidligere ikke har hatt hat mot;

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Og dette er tilfelle for den som flykter dit for å redde sitt liv: Den som dreper sin nabo uten å vite det, uten å ha følt hat mot ham tidligere;

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dette er ordningen for drapsmannen som kan flykte dit og redde livet: Når han slår sin neste uten forsett, og han ikke hatet ham fra før,

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Now this is the case of the manslayer who may flee there and live: whoever strikes his neighbor unintentionally, without prior malice,

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Dette er regelen for drapsmannen som skal flykte dit for å berge livet sitt: Den som slår ned sin neste uten å mene det og uten å ha hatt hat til ham tidligere,

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og denne skal være den Manddrabers Sag, som maa flye derhen og blive ved Live: Den, som slaaer sin Næste uvidende og haver ikke hadet ham tilforn,

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Dette er regelen for den som har drept, som skal flykte dit for å leve: Enhver som dreper sin nabo uaktsomt, uten hat fra før;

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And this is the case of the manslayer who shall flee there, that he may live: Whoever kills his neighbor unintentionally, whom he did not hate in time past;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Dette er tilfelle for drapsmannen som kan flykte dit og leve: den som dreper sin neste uten forgående hat, uten å ha hatt noe mot ham tidligere;

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Dette er reglene for den som flykter dit for å redde livet: Den som slår sin nabo uten å vite det, uten tidligere å ha hatet ham,

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Dette er saken for drapsmannen som kan flykte dit og bli i live: Den som dreper sin neste ved et uhell, uten å ha vært fiendtlig mot ham tidligere;

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Dette skal være regelen for den som flykter dit, etter å ha forårsaket en annens død ved en feiltakelse og ikke i hat;

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And this is the cause of the sleyer that shal flee thither and be saued: Yf he smyte his neghboure ignorantly and hated him not in tyme passed:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And this shalbe the cause, that whosoeuer hath committed a slaughter, maye flye thyther, and lyue.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  This also is ye cause wherfore the manslaier shal flee thither, and liue: who so killeth his neighbor ignorantly, and hated him not in time passed:

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For this cause must the slayer flee thyther, that he may lyue: Who so kylleth his neighbour ignorauntly, and hated hym not in tyme passed:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And this [is] the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  This is the case of the manslayer, that shall flee there and live: whoever kills his neighbor unawares, and didn't hate him in time past;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And this `is' the matter of the man-slayer who fleeth thither, and hath lived: He who smiteth his neighbour unknowingly, and is not hating him heretofore,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And this is the case of the manslayer, that shall flee thither and live: whoso killeth his neighbor unawares, and hated him not in time past;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  This is to be the rule for anyone who goes in flight there, after causing the death of his neighbour in error and not through hate;

• World English Bible (2000)

  This is the case of the manslayer, that shall flee there and live: whoever kills his neighbor unawares, and didn't hate him in time past;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Now this is the law pertaining to one who flees there in order to live, if he has accidentally killed another without hating him at the time of the accident.

Referenced Verses

• Num 35:15-24 : 15 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.15", "source": "לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּ֤ר וְלַתּוֹשָׁב֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔ם תִּהְיֶ֛ינָה שֵׁשׁ־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לְמִקְלָ֑ט לָנ֣וּס שָׁ֔מָּה כָּל־מַכֵּה־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃", "text": "For *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and for *haggēr* and for *hattôšāḇ* *bəṯôḵām* *tihyeynâ* six-the cities *hāʾēlleh* for *miqlāṭ* *lānûs* *šāmmâ* all-*makkēh*-*nepeš* *bišḡāḡâ*.", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural of *bēn* - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*haggēr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the stranger", "*hattôšāḇ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sojourner", "*bəṯôḵām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their midst", "*tihyeynâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall be", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative plural adjective - these", "*miqlāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - refuge", "*lānûs*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to flee", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb with directional *he* - there/thither", "*makkēh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular construct - striker of", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/person", "*bišḡāḡâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in error/unintentionally" }, "variants": { "*gēr*": "stranger/foreigner/resident alien", "*tôšāḇ*": "sojourner/temporary resident/foreign resident", "*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum", "*nepeš*": "soul/person/life", "*šəḡāḡâ*": "error/mistake/unintentional sin" } } 16 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.16", "source": "וְאִם־בִּכְלִ֨י בַרְזֶ֧ל ׀ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃", "text": "And if with *kəlî* *barzel* *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun construct - vessel/tool of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer" }, "variants": { "*kəlî*": "vessel/instrument/tool/weapon", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another" } } 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.17", "source": "וְאִ֡ם בְּאֶ֣בֶן יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בָּ֥הּ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃", "text": "And if with *ʾeḇen* *yāḏ* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* with it *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun construct - stone of", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḇen* *yāḏ*": "stone in hand/handheld stone/stone that fits in hand", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another" } } 18 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.18", "source": "א֡וֹ בִּכְלִ֣י עֵֽץ־יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בּ֥וֹ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃", "text": "Or with *kəlî* *ʿēṣ*-*yāḏ* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* by it *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun construct - vessel/tool of", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun construct - wood of", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer" }, "variants": { "*kəlî* *ʿēṣ*-*yāḏ*": "wooden tool/weapon for the hand/handheld wooden implement", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another" } } 19 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.19", "source": "גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יָמִ֖ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ ה֥וּא יְמִיתֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*Gōʾēl* *haddām*, he *yāmîṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ*; when *bəp̄iḡʿô*-in him, he *yəmîṯennû*.", "grammar": { "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*yāmîṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put to death", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer", "*bəp̄iḡʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he encounters", "*yəmîṯennû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he shall put him to death" }, "variants": { "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*p̄iḡʿô*": "meeting/encountering/coming upon" } } 20 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.20", "source": "וְאִם־בְּשִׂנְאָ֖ה יֶהְדָּפֶ֑נּוּ אֽוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו בִּצְדִיָּ֖ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "And if with *śinʾâ* *yehdāp̄ennû* or *hišlîḵ* upon him *biṣḏîyâ* and *wayyāmōṯ*.", "grammar": { "*śinʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - hatred", "*yehdāp̄ennû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he pushes him", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw", "*biṣḏîyâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with lying in wait", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died" }, "variants": { "*śinʾâ*": "hatred/hostility/enmity", "*hāḏap̄*": "push/thrust/shove", "*ṣəḏîyâ*": "lying in wait/ambush/premeditation" } } 21 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.21", "source": "א֣וֹ בְאֵיבָ֞ה הִכָּ֤הוּ בְיָדוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַמַּכֶּ֖ה רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֗ם יָמִ֛ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "Or in *ʾêḇâ* *hikkāhû* with *yāḏô* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *môṯ*-*yûmaṯ* *hammakkeh* *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *gōʾēl* *haddām* shall put to death *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* when *bəp̄iḡʿô*-in him.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - enmity", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*yāḏô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hammakkeh*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one who strikes", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*yāmîṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put to death", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer", "*bəp̄iḡʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he encounters" }, "variants": { "*ʾêḇâ*": "enmity/hostility/hatred", "*makkeh*": "striker/one who strikes/attacker", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*p̄iḡʿô*": "meeting/encountering/coming upon" } } 22 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.22", "source": "וְאִם־בְּפֶ֥תַע בְּלֹא־אֵיבָ֖ה הֲדָפ֑וֹ אוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו כָּל־כְּלִ֖י בְּלֹ֥א צְדִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And if in *p̄eṯaʿ* without *ʾêḇâ* *hăḏāp̄ô* or *hišlîḵ* upon him any *kəlî* without *ṣəḏîyâ*.", "grammar": { "*p̄eṯaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - suddenness", "*ʾêḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - enmity", "*hăḏāp̄ô*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he pushed him", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw", "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun - tool/implement", "*ṣəḏîyâ*": "feminine singular noun - lying in wait" }, "variants": { "*p̄eṯaʿ*": "suddenness/instant/moment", "*ʾêḇâ*": "enmity/hostility/hatred", "*hāḏap̄*": "push/thrust/shove", "*kəlî*": "vessel/instrument/tool/weapon", "*ṣəḏîyâ*": "lying in wait/ambush/premeditation" } } 23 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.23", "source": "א֣וֹ בְכָל־אֶ֜בֶן אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֥וּת בָּהּ֙ בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת וַיַּפֵּ֥ל עָלָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהוּא֙ לֹא־אוֹיֵ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Or with any *ʾeḇen* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* with it without *rəʾôṯ* and *wayyappēl* upon him and *wayyāmōṯ* and he not *ʾôyēḇ* to him and not *məḇaqqēš* *rāʿāṯô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die", "*rəʾôṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - seeing", "*wayyappēl*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to fall", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*məḇaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - seeker", "*rāʿāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his harm" }, "variants": { "*rəʾôṯ*": "seeing/perceiving/watching", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*məḇaqqēš*": "seeking/searching for/desiring", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/harm/injury/calamity" } } 24 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.24", "source": "וְשָֽׁפְטוּ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין הַמַּכֶּ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֑ם עַ֥ל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And *wəšāp̄əṭû* *hāʿēḏâ* between *hammakkeh* and between *gōʾēl* *haddām* according to *hammišpāṭîm* *hāʾēlleh*.", "grammar": { "*wəšāp̄əṭû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they shall judge", "*hāʿēḏâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the congregation", "*hammakkeh*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one who strikes", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*hammišpāṭîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the judgments", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative plural adjective - these" }, "variants": { "*ʿēḏâ*": "congregation/assembly/community", "*makkeh*": "striker/one who strikes/attacker", "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions" } }
• Deut 4:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.42", "source": "לָנֻ֨ס שָׁ֜מָּה רוֹצֵ֗חַ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְצַ֤ח אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת וְה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֑וֹם וְנָ֗ס אֶל־אַחַ֛ת מִן־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖ל וָחָֽי׃", "text": "For *lānûs* there *rôṣēaḥ* who *yirṣaḥ* *ʾet*-*rēʿēhû* in-without-*daʿat* and-he not-*śōnēʾ* to-him from-*təmôl* *šilšôm* and-*nās* to-one from-the-*ʿārîm* the-*ʾēl* and-*ḥāy*.", "grammar": { "*lānûs*": "infinitive construct with prefixed lamed - to flee/for fleeing", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there/to there", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular - murderer/killer/slayer", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*yirṣaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he kills/will kill", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor/fellow", "*biblî-daʿat*": "preposition + negation + noun - without knowledge/unintentionally", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun - and he", "*lōʾ-śōnēʾ*": "negation + participle masculine singular - not hating", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mittəmôl šilšôm*": "idiom - from yesterday and the day before/previously", "*wə-nās*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he flees", "*ʾel-ʾaḥat*": "preposition + feminine construct - to one of", "*min-heʿārîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - from the cities", "*hā-ʾēl*": "definite article + demonstrative - these", "*wā-ḥāy*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall live" }, "variants": { "*lānûs*": "to flee/to escape/to take refuge", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/killer", "*yirṣaḥ*": "kills/murders/slays", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/intention/awareness", "*śōnēʾ*": "hating/enemy/hostile", "*mittəmôl šilšôm*": "previously/beforehand/in the past", "*nās*": "flees/escapes/takes refuge", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*ʾēl*": "these/those", "*ḥāy*": "lives/survives/remains alive" } }
• Deut 19:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.6", "source": "פֶּן־יִרְדֹּף֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל הַדָּ֜ם אַחֲרֵ֣י הָרֹצֵ֗חַ כִּי־יֵחַם֮ לְבָבוֹ֒ וְהִשִּׂיג֛וֹ כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ וְהִכָּ֣הוּ נָ֑פֶשׁ וְלוֹ֙ אֵ֣ין מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֠י לֹ֣א שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם", "text": "Lest-*yirdōf* *gōʾēl* the-*dām* after the-*rōtseaḥ* for-*yēḥam* *lĕbābō* and-*hissigō* for-*yirbeh* the-*derekh* and-*hikkāhū* *nāfesh* and-to-him not *mishpaṭ*-*māwet* because not *sōnēʾ* he to-him from-*tĕmōl* *shilshōm*", "grammar": { "*yirdōf*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he pursues'", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'redeemer of'", "*dām*": "common noun masculine singular - 'blood'", "*rōtseaḥ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'murderer/manslayer'", "*yēḥam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'becomes hot'", "*lĕbābō*": "common noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his heart'", "*hissigō*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'overtakes him'", "*yirbeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'is great/long'", "*derekh*": "common noun feminine singular - 'way/road'", "*hikkāhū*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'strikes him'", "*nāfesh*": "common noun feminine singular - 'life/soul'", "*mishpaṭ*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'judgment of'", "*māwet*": "common noun masculine singular - 'death'", "*sōnēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'hating'", "*tĕmōl*": "adverb - 'yesterday'", "*shilshōm*": "adverb - 'day before yesterday'" }, "variants": { "*yirdōf*": "pursues/chases/follows after", "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*rōtseaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills", "*yēḥam*": "becomes hot/is enraged/is angry", "*lĕbābō*": "his heart/his mind/his inner being", "*hissigō*": "overtakes him/catches up to him/reaches him", "*yirbeh*": "is great/is long/is far", "*derekh*": "way/road/journey", "*hikkāhū*": "strikes him/hits him/kills him", "*nāfesh*": "life/soul/person", "*mishpaṭ*": "judgment/sentence/verdict", "*māwet*": "death/execution", "*sōnēʾ*": "hating/being hostile to/being an enemy of", "*tĕmōl shilshōm*": "previously/beforehand/in the past (idiom)" } }
• Josh 3:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Joshua.3.4", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ רָח֣וֹק יִהְיֶ֗ה בֵּֽינֵיכֶם֙ *ובינו **וּבֵינָ֔יו כְּאַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה בַּמִּדָּ֑ה אַֽל־תִּקְרְב֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו לְמַ֤עַן אֲשֶׁר־תֵּֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֧א עֲבַרְתֶּ֛ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃", "text": "*ʾak* *rāḥôq* *yihyeh* between-you and-between-it about-*ʾalpayim* *ʾammāh* in-*ha-middāh* not-*tiqrəbû* unto-it *ləmaʿan* *ʾăšer*-*tēdəʿû* *ʾet*-*ha-derek* *ʾăšer* you-shall-*tēlkû*-in-it because not *ʿăbartem* in-*ha-derek* from-*təmôl* *šilšôm*", "grammar": { "*ʾak*": "adverb/particle - only, surely, nevertheless", "*rāḥôq*": "adjective, masculine singular - distant, far", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - it will be", "*ʾalpayim*": "numeral, dual - two thousand", "*ʾammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cubit", "*ha-middāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the measure", "*tiqrəbû*": "qal imperfect 2mp + negative particle - do not come near", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which, that", "*tēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect 2mp - you may know", "*ha-derek*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the way", "*tēlkû*": "qal imperfect 2mp - you shall walk/go", "*ʿăbartem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have passed over", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*šilšôm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously" }, "variants": { "*ʾak*": "only, surely, nevertheless, however", "*rāḥôq*": "far, distant, remote", "*ləmaʿan*": "so that, in order that", "*təmôl* *šilšôm*": "idiom: previously, in the past, before now" } }
• 1 Chr 11:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.2", "source": "גַּם־תְּמ֣וֹל גַּם־שִׁלְשׁ֗וֹם גַּ֚ם בִּהְי֣וֹת שָׁא֣וּל מֶ֔לֶךְ אַתָּ֛ה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא וְהַמֵּבִ֖יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ לְךָ֗ אַתָּ֨ה תִרְעֶ֤ה אֶת־עַמִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאַתָּה֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה נָגִ֔יד עַ֖ל עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "Also *tᵊmôl* also *šilšôm*, also in-*bihyôṯ* *Šā'ûl* *meleḵ*, you *hammôṣî'* and-*hammēḇî'* *'eṯ*-*Yiśrā'ēl*; and-*wayyō'mer* *YHWH* *'ĕlōheḵā* to-you, you *tirʿeh* *'eṯ*-*ʿammî* *'eṯ*-*Yiśrā'ēl*, and-you *tihyeh* *nāḡîḏ* over *ʿammî* *Yiśrā'ēl*", "grammar": { "*tᵊmôl*": "adverb - yesterday/formerly", "*šilšôm*": "adverb - day before yesterday/previously", "*bihyôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - in being/when was", "*Šā'ûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular absolute - king", "*hammôṣî'*": "article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing out", "*hammēḇî'*": "article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing in", "*wayyō'mer*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*'ĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*tirʿeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will shepherd", "*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be", "*nāḡîḏ*": "noun masculine singular - ruler/leader/prince" }, "variants": { "*tᵊmôl*": "yesterday/in the past/formerly", "*šilšôm*": "day before yesterday/in times past", "*bihyôṯ*": "when was/during the time/while being", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler/sovereign", "*hammôṣî'*": "the one bringing out/leader/deliverer", "*hammēḇî'*": "the one bringing in/gatherer/commander", "*tirʿeh*": "you will shepherd/lead/tend", "*nāḡîḏ*": "ruler/leader/commander/prince" } }
• Isa 30:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.33", "source": "כִּי־עָרוּךְ מֵאֶתְמוּל תָּפְתֶּה גַם־הוא הִיא לַמֶּלֶךְ הוּכָן הֶעְמִיק הִרְחִב מְדֻרָתָהּ אֵשׁ וְעֵצִים הַרְבֵּה נִשְׁמַת יְהוָה כְּנַחַל גָּפְרִית בֹּעֲרָה בָּהּ׃", "text": "For prepared long ago [is] *tāpteh*, also *hîʾ* for the *meleḵ* is prepared, he made deep, he made wide, its *medurātāh* [with] fire and wood in abundance; [the] *nišmat* of *Yhwh* like a *naḥal* of *goperît* *bōʿărâ* in it.", "grammar": { "*tāpteh*": "proper noun - Topheth/place of burning", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - she/it", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*medurātāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its pile/pyre", "*nišmat*": "feminine singular construct - breath of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*naḥal*": "masculine singular construct - stream/torrent of", "*goperît*": "feminine singular noun - brimstone/sulfur", "*bōʿărâ*": "qal participle feminine singular - burning" }, "variants": { "*tāpteh*": "Topheth/place of burning/fire-pit", "*hîʾ*": "she/it (emphatic)", "*meleḵ*": "the king/ruler/sovereign", "*medurātāh*": "its pile/pyre/place of burning", "*nišmat*": "breath/spirit of", "*naḥal*": "stream/torrent/wadi of", "*goperît*": "brimstone/sulfur", "*bōʿărâ*": "burning/kindling/setting on fire" } }
• Gen 31:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Genesis.31.2", "source": "וַיַּ֥רְא יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י לָבָ֑ן וְהִנֵּ֥ה אֵינֶ֛נּוּ עִמּ֖וֹ כִּתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃", "text": "And *wayyarʾ* *Yaʿăqōḇ* *ʾet-pənê* *Lāḇān* and-*hinnēh* not-he with-him as-yesterday three-days-ago.", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he saw", "*Yaʿăqōḇ*": "Proper noun - Jacob", "*ʾet-pənê*": "Direct object marker with construct noun - the face of", "*Lāḇān*": "Proper noun - Laban", "*hinnēh*": "Interjection - behold/look" }, "variants": { "*pənê*": "face/countenance/presence", "*kitmôl šilšôm*": "idiom meaning 'as before/previously/formerly'" } }