Verse 38

{ "verseID": "Genesis.19.38", "source": "וְהַצְּעִירָ֤ה גַם־הִוא֙ יָ֣לְדָה בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בֶּן־עַמִּ֑י ה֛וּא אֲבִ֥י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wə-haṣṣəʿîrāh* *gam*-*hiwʾ* *yāldāh* *bēn* *wə-tiqrāʾ* *šəmô* *ben*-*ʿammî* *hûʾ* *ʾăbî* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *ʿad*-*hayyôm*", "grammar": { "*wə-haṣṣəʿîrāh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the younger", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*hiwʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - she", "*yāldāh*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she bore", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*wə-tiqrāʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and she called", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʾăbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day/today" }, "variants": { "*yāldāh*": "gave birth to/bore", "*ben*-*ʿammî*": "son of my people", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon/Ammonites", "*ʿad*-*hayyôm*": "until this day/until now" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Deut 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.19", "source": "וְקָרַבְתָּ֗ מ֚וּל בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-qāraḇtā* *mûl* *bənê* *ʿammôn* *ʾal*-*təṣurêm* *wə-ʾal*-*titgār* *bām* *kî* not-*ʾettên* from-*ʾereṣ* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* to-you *yəruššāh* *kî* to-*bənê*-*lôṭ* *nətattîhā* *yəruššāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-qāraḇtā*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you will come near/approach", "*mûl*": "preposition - opposite/facing/in front of", "*bənê*": "noun, construct state, masculine plural - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*təṣurêm*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - harass/distress/besiege them", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*titgār*": "verb, Hithpael imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - engage in strife/provoke/contend", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them/against them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾettên*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*yəruššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - possession/inheritance", "*nətattîhā*": "verb, Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - I have given it", "*lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot" }, "variants": { "*mûl*": "opposite/facing/in front of/against", "*təṣurêm*": "harass them/besiege them/show hostility to them", "*titgār*": "engage in strife/provoke/contend/incite conflict", "*yəruššāh*": "possession/inheritance/property" } }
  • Deut 23:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.3", "source": "לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *mamzēr* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-him in-*qəhal* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*mamzēr*": "masculine singular noun - illegitimate child/person of mixed ancestry", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*mamzēr*": "illegitimate child/bastard/person of mixed ancestry/offspring of prohibited union", "*dôr*": "generation/period/dwelling/circle", "*ʿăśîrî*": "tenth (generation)" } }
  • Judg 10:6-11:40 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.10.6", "source": "וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ", "text": "*wə-yōsip̄û* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *la-ʿăśôṯ* *hā-raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* *wə-yaʿaḇdû* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-bəʿālîm* and-*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿaštārôṯ* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ʾărām* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ṣîḏôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *môʾāḇ* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *pəlištîm* *wə-yaʿazḇû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* and-not *ʿăḇāḏûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they continued/added", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-ʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they served", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*hā-ʿaštārôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the Ashtaroth", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*ṣîḏôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they forsook", "*ʿăḇāḏûhû*": "qal perfect 3mp + 3ms suffix - they served him" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "they continued/they added/they did again", "*hā-raʿ*": "the evil/the wickedness", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "they served/they worshipped", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/they abandoned" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.10.7", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵם֙ בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְיַ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן", "text": "*wə-yiḥar*-*ʾap̄* *YHWH* in-*yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yimkərēm* in-*yad*-*pəlištîm* and-in-*yad* *bənê* *ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḥar*-*ʾap̄*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + noun, masculine singular - and burned the nose/anger", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə-yimkərēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he sold them", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḥar*-*ʾap̄*": "his anger burned/he became very angry", "*wə-yimkərēm*": "he sold them/he gave them over/he delivered them" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.10.8", "source": "וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד", "text": "*wə-yirʿăṣû* *wə-yərōṣəṣû* *ʾeṯ*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* in-*ha-šānāh* *ha-hîʾ* eighteen *šānāh* *ʾeṯ*-all-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* which in-*ʿēḇer* *ha-yardēn* in-*ʾereṣ* *hā-ʾĕmōrî* which in-*ha-gilʿāḏ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirʿăṣû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they crushed", "*wə-yərōṣəṣû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3mp - and they shattered", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-šānāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the year", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, feminine singular - that", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*ʿēḇer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - side of", "*ha-yardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*ha-gilʿāḏ*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilead" }, "variants": { "*wə-yirʿăṣû*": "they crushed/they oppressed", "*wə-yərōṣəṣû*": "they shattered/they broke to pieces/they oppressed severely", "*ʿēḇer*": "side/region/beyond" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.10.9", "source": "וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּוֹן֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְהִלָּחֵ֛ם גַּם־בִּיהוּדָ֥ה וּבְבִנְיָמִ֖ין וּבְבֵ֣ית אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֥צֶר לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְאֹֽד", "text": "*wə-yaʿaḇrû* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yardēn* *lə-hillāḥēm* also-in-*yəhûḏāh* and-in-*binyāmîn* and-in-*bêṯ* *ʾep̄rāyim* *wə-tēṣer* to-*yiśrāʾēl* very", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿaḇrû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they crossed over", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*ha-yardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*binyāmîn*": "proper noun - Benjamin", "*bêṯ* *ʾep̄rāyim*": "house of Ephraim", "*wə-tēṣer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it became distressed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaʿaḇrû*": "they crossed over/they passed through", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "to fight/to wage war", "*wə-tēṣer*": "it became distressed/it was in straits/it was pressed hard" } } 10 { "verseID": "Judges.10.10", "source": "וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים", "text": "*wə-yizʿăqû* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *lēʾmōr* *ḥāṭāʾnû* to-you and-that *ʿāzaḇnû* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhênû* *wə-naʿăḇōḏ* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-bəʿālîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they cried out", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1cp - we have sinned", "*ʿāzaḇnû*": "qal perfect 1cp - we have forsaken", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1cp suffix - our God", "*wə-naʿăḇōḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1cp - and we have served", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals" }, "variants": { "*wə-yizʿăqû*": "they cried out/they called out in distress", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/we have missed the mark", "*ʿāzaḇnû*": "we have forsaken/we have abandoned", "*wə-naʿăḇōḏ*": "we have served/we have worshipped" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.10.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמִן־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וּמִן־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* is-not from-*miṣrayim* and-from-*hā-ʾĕmōrî* and-from-*bənê* *ʿammôn* and-from-*pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "he said/he spoke" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.10.12", "source": "וְצִידוֹנִ֤ים וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙ וּמָע֔וֹן לָחֲצ֖וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדָֽם", "text": "and-*ṣîḏônîm* and-*ʿămālēq* and-*māʿôn* *lāḥăṣû* you *wə-tiṣʿăqû* to-me *wā-ʾôšîʿāh* you from-*yāḏām*", "grammar": { "*ṣîḏônîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Sidonians", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*māʿôn*": "proper noun - Maon", "*lāḥăṣû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they oppressed", "*wə-tiṣʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2mp - and you cried out", "*wā-ʾôšîʿāh*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cs - and I saved", "*yāḏām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - their hand" }, "variants": { "*lāḥăṣû*": "they oppressed/they pressured/they squeezed", "*wə-tiṣʿăqû*": "you cried out/you called for help", "*wā-ʾôšîʿāh*": "I saved/I delivered/I rescued" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.10.13", "source": "וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים לָכֵ֥ן לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֖יף לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם", "text": "and-you *ʿăzaḇtem* me *wə-taʿaḇdû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* therefore not-*ʾôsîp̄* *lə-hôšîaʿ* you", "grammar": { "*ʿăzaḇtem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have forsaken", "*wə-taʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2mp - and you have served", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "hiphil imperfect 1cs - I will continue/add", "*lə-hôšîaʿ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to save" }, "variants": { "*ʿăzaḇtem*": "you have forsaken/you have abandoned", "*wə-taʿaḇdû*": "you have served/you have worshipped", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "I will continue/I will add/I will do again" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.10.14", "source": "לְכ֗וּ וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם בָּ֑ם הֵ֛מָּה יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָכֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת צָרַתְכֶֽם", "text": "*ləḵû* and-*zaʿăqû* to-*hā-ʾĕlōhîm* which *bəḥartem* in-them they *yôšîʿû* to-you in-*ʿēṯ* *ṣāraṯəḵem*", "grammar": { "*ləḵû*": "qal imperative 2mp - go", "*zaʿăqû*": "qal imperative 2mp - cry out", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the gods", "*bəḥartem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have chosen", "*yôšîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3mp - they will save", "*ʿēṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*ṣāraṯəḵem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2mp suffix - your distress" }, "variants": { "*zaʿăqû*": "cry out/call for help", "*bəḥartem*": "you have chosen/you have selected", "*yôšîʿû*": "they will save/they will deliver/they will rescue", "*ṣāraṯəḵem*": "your distress/your trouble/your tribulation" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.10.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל־יְהוָה֙ חָטָ֔אנוּ עֲשֵׂה־אַתָּ֣ה לָ֔נוּ כְּכָל־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֛ךְ הַצִּילֵ֥נוּ נָ֖א הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərû* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾnû* *ʿăśēh*-you to-us according-to-all-*ha-ṭôḇ* in-*ʿêneḵā* only *haṣṣîlēnû* please *ha-yôm* *ha-zeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they said", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1cp - we have sinned", "*ʿăśēh*": "qal imperative 2ms - do", "*ha-ṭôḇ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the good", "*ʿêneḵā*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 2ms suffix - your eyes", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "hiphil imperative 2ms + 1cp suffix - deliver us", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/we have missed the mark", "*ha-ṭôḇ*": "the good/what is good/what is right", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "deliver us/rescue us/save us" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.10.16", "source": "וַיָּסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ מִקִּרְבָּ֔ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ בַּעֲמַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "*wə-yāsîrû* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ha-nēḵār* from-*qirbām* *wə-yaʿaḇdû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *wə-tiqṣar* *nap̄šô* in-*ʿămal* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāsîrû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they removed", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ha-nēḵār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the foreign", "*qirbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their midst", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they served", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-tiqṣar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it was shortened", "*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his soul", "*ʿămal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - trouble/misery of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāsîrû*": "they removed/they put away", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "they served/they worshipped", "*wə-tiqṣar* *nap̄šô*": "his soul was shortened/he was impatient/he was grieved/he was moved with pity", "*ʿămal*": "trouble/misery/suffering/toil" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.10.17", "source": "וַיִּצָּֽעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֵּאָֽסְפוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּצְפָּֽה", "text": "*wə-yiṣṣāʿăqû* *bənê* *ʿammôn* *wə-yaḥănû* in-*ha-gilʿāḏ* *wə-yēʾāsəp̄û* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yaḥănû* in-*ha-miṣpāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣṣāʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3mp - and they were called together", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*wə-yaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they encamped", "*ha-gilʿāḏ*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilead", "*wə-yēʾāsəp̄û*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3mp - and they were gathered", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-miṣpāh*": "definite article + proper noun - the Mizpah" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṣṣāʿăqû*": "they were called together/they gathered/they were mustered", "*wə-yaḥănû*": "they encamped/they pitched camp", "*wə-yēʾāsəp̄û*": "they were gathered/they assembled" } } 18 { "verseID": "Judges.10.18", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָעָ֜ם שָׂרֵ֤י גִלְעָד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərû* *hā-ʿām* *śārê* *ḡilʿāḏ* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* who *hā-ʾîš* which *yāḥēl* *lə-hillāḥēm* in-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *yihyeh* to-*rōʾš* to-all *yōšəḇê* *ḡilʿāḏ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they said", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*ḡilʿāḏ*": "proper noun - Gilead", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his neighbor/companion", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*yāḥēl*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - he will begin", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will be", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*yōšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*ḡilʿāḏ*": "proper noun - Gilead" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "they said/they spoke", "*yāḥēl*": "he will begin/he will start/he will undertake", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "to fight/to wage war", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader" } } 1 { "verseID": "Judges.11.1", "source": "וְיִפְתָּ֣ח הַגִּלְעָדִ֗י הָיָה֙ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל וְה֖וּא בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד גִּלְעָ֖ד אֶת־יִפְתָּֽח׃", "text": "And *Yiptach* the *Gil'ādi* was *gibbōr* *chayil* and he *bēn*-*'iššâ* *zōnâ* and *wayyōled* *Gil'ād* 'et-*Yiptach*", "grammar": { "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*Gil'ādi*": "adjective, masculine singular - Gileadite", "*gibbōr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mighty man of", "*chayil*": "noun, masculine singular - valor/strength/might", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*'iššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*zōnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - harlot/prostitute", "*wayyōled*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and begat/fathered", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "'et": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*gibbōr chayil*": "mighty man of valor/mighty warrior/man of strength", "*zōnâ*": "prostitute/harlot/immoral woman", "*wayyōled*": "begat/fathered/brought forth" } } 2 { "verseID": "Judges.11.2", "source": "וַתֵּ֧לֶד אֵֽשֶׁת־גִּלְעָ֛ד ל֖וֹ בָּנִ֑ים וַיִּגְדְּל֨וּ בְֽנֵי־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה וַיְגָרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־יִפְתָּ֗ח וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־תִנְחַ֣ל בְּבֵית־אָבִ֔ינוּ כִּ֛י בֶּן־אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחֶ֖רֶת אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "And *wattēled* *'ēšet*-*Gil'ād* to-him *bānîm* and *wayyigdəlû* *bənê*-*hā'iššâ* and *wayəgārəšû* 'et-*Yiptach* and *wayyō'mərû* to-him not-*tinḥal* in-*bêt*-*'ābînû* because *bēn*-*'iššâ* *'aḥeret* you", "grammar": { "*wattēled*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - and she bore", "*'ēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons", "*wayyigdəlû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they grew up", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā'iššâ*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the woman", "*wayəgārəšû*": "verb, Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they drove out/expelled", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*wayyō'mərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they said", "*tinḥal*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will inherit", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*'ābînû*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - our father", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*'iššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*'aḥeret*": "adjective, feminine singular - other/different/another" }, "variants": { "*wayəgārəšû*": "drove out/expelled/cast out/banished", "*tinḥal*": "inherit/take possession/have a portion", "*'aḥeret*": "other/different/foreign/strange" } } 3 { "verseID": "Judges.11.3", "source": "וַיִּבְרַ֤ח יִפְתָּח֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֶחָ֔יו וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ ט֑וֹב וַיִּֽתְלַקְּט֤וּ אֶל־יִפְתָּח֙ אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רֵיקִ֔ים וַיֵּצְא֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyibraḥ* *Yiptach* from-*pənê* *'eḥāyw* and *wayyēšeb* in-*'ereṣ* *Ṭôb* and *wayyitlaqqəṭû* to-*Yiptach* *'ănāšîm* *rêqîm* and *wayyēṣə'û* with-him", "grammar": { "*wayyibraḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he fled", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/presence of", "*'eḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers", "*wayyēšeb*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he dwelt/lived", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Ṭôb*": "proper noun - Tob", "*wayyitlaqqəṭû*": "verb, Hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they gathered themselves", "*'ănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*rêqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - empty/vain/worthless", "*wayyēṣə'û*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they went out" }, "variants": { "*wayyibraḥ*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*pənê*": "face of/presence of/from before", "*wayyēšeb*": "dwelt/lived/settled", "*wayyitlaqqəṭû*": "gathered themselves/collected themselves/joined together", "*rêqîm*": "empty/vain/worthless/idle/lawless" } } 4 { "verseID": "Judges.11.4", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י מִיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* from-*yāmîm* and *wayyillāḥămû* *bənê*-*'Ammôn* with-*Yiśrā'ēl*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it came to pass", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*wayyillāḥămû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they fought", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî miyyāmîm*": "and it came to pass after a time/after some days/after a period", "*wayyillāḥămû*": "fought/made war/battled" } } 5 { "verseID": "Judges.11.5", "source": "וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁר־נִלְחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד לָקַ֥חַת אֶת־יִפְתָּ֖ח מֵאֶ֥רֶץ טֽוֹב׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when-*nilḥămû* *bənê*-*'Ammôn* with-*Yiśrā'ēl* and *wayyēləḵû* *ziqnê* *Gil'ād* to-*lāqaḥat* 'et-*Yiptach* from-*'ereṣ* *Ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it came to pass", "*nilḥămû*": "verb, Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they fought", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*wayyēləḵû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they went", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*lāqaḥat*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to take/fetch", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Ṭôb*": "proper noun - Tob" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened", "*nilḥămû*": "fought/made war/battled", "*wayyēləḵû*": "went/walked/proceeded", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take/to fetch/to bring" } } 6 { "verseID": "Judges.11.6", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְיִפְתָּ֔ח לְכָ֕ה וְהָיִ֥יתָה לָּ֖נוּ לְקָצִ֑ין וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה בִּבְנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mərû* to-*Yiptach* *ləḵâ* and *hāyîtâ* to-us to-*qāṣîn* and *nillāḥămâ* against-*bənê* *'Ammôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ləḵâ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - come/go", "*hāyîtâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - leader/commander/chief", "*nillāḥămâ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect 1st person plural cohortative - let us fight", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ləḵâ*": "come/go/proceed", "*qāṣîn*": "leader/commander/chief/ruler", "*nillāḥămâ*": "let us fight/let us make war/let us battle" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.11.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ לְזִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד הֲלֹ֤א אַתֶּם֙ שְׂנֵאתֶ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתְּגָרְשׁ֖וּנִי מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וּמַדּ֜וּעַ בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ עַ֔תָּה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צַ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* *Yiptach* to-*ziqnê* *Gil'ād* *hălō'* you *śənē'tem* me and *wattəgārəšûnî* from-*bêt* *'ābî* and-*maddûa'* *bā'tem* to-me *'attâ* when *ṣar* to-you", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*hălō'*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - did not", "*śənē'tem*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you hated", "*wattəgārəšûnî*": "verb, Piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural consecutive + 1st person singular suffix - and you drove me out", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*'ābî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*maddûa'*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*bā'tem*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have come", "*'attâ*": "adverb - now", "*ṣar*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it is distressing" }, "variants": { "*śənē'tem*": "hated/despised/rejected", "*wattəgārəšûnî*": "drove me out/expelled me/cast me out", "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/adversity/calamity" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.11.8", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ זִקְנֵ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֗ח לָכֵן֙ עַתָּה֙ שַׁ֣בְנוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֖ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיִ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mərû* *ziqnê* *Gil'ād* to-*Yiptach* *lāḵēn* *'attâ* *šaḇnû* to-you and *hālaḵtā* with-us and *niləḥamtā* against-*bənê* *'Ammôn* and *hāyîtā* to-us to-*rō'š* to-all *yōšəḇê* *Gil'ād*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they said", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*'attâ*": "adverb - now", "*šaḇnû*": "verb, Qal perfect 1st person plural - we have returned", "*hālaḵtā*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will go", "*niləḥamtā*": "verb, Niphal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will fight", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*hāyîtā*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be", "*rō'š*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*yōšəḇê*": "verb, Qal participle masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/for this reason/accordingly", "*šaḇnû*": "we have returned/we have come back/we have turned", "*rō'š*": "head/chief/leader/commander" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.11.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִפְתָּ֜ח אֶל־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֗ד אִם־מְשִׁיבִ֨ים אַתֶּ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ לְהִלָּחֵם֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וְנָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אוֹתָ֖ם לְפָנָ֑י אָנֹכִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְרֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* *Yiptach* to-*ziqnê* *Gil'ād* if-*məšîḇîm* you me to-*hillāḥēm* against-*bənê* *'Ammôn* and *nātan* *YHWH* them before-me *'ānōḵî* *'ehyeh* to-you to-*rō'š*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*məšîḇîm*": "verb, Hiphil participle masculine plural - bringing back", "*hillāḥēm*": "verb, Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*nātan*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gives/delivers", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*'ānōḵî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*'ehyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will be", "*rō'š*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief" }, "variants": { "*məšîḇîm*": "bringing back/returning/causing to return", "*nātan*": "gives/delivers/hands over", "*rō'š*": "head/chief/leader/commander" } } 10 { "verseID": "Judges.11.10", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ זִקְנֵֽי־גִלְעָ֖ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֑ח יְהוָ֗ה יִהְיֶ֤ה שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙ בֵּֽינוֹתֵ֔ינוּ אִם־לֹ֥א כִדְבָרְךָ֖ כֵּ֥ן נַעֲשֶֽׂה׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mərû* *ziqnê*-*Gil'ād* to-*Yiptach* *YHWH* *yihyeh* *šōmēa'* between-us if-not according-to-*dəḇārəḵā* so *na'ăśeh*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they said", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*yihyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be", "*šōmēa'*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - hearing/listening/witness", "*dəḇārəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your word", "*na'ăśeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will do" }, "variants": { "*šōmēa'*": "hearing/listening/witness/one who hears", "*dəḇārəḵā*": "your word/your statement/your speech" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.11.11", "source": "וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יִפְתָּח֙ עִם־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֥ם אוֹת֛וֹ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְרֹ֣אשׁ וּלְקָצִ֑ין וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֧ח אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרָ֛יו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyēleḵ* *Yiptach* with-*ziqnê* *Gil'ād* and *wayyāśîmû* *hā'ām* him over-them to-*rō'š* and-to-*qāṣîn* and *wayədabbēr* *Yiptach* 'et-all-*dəḇārāyw* before *YHWH* in-*hammişpâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyēleḵ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he went", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*wayyāśîmû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they placed/appointed", "*hā'ām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*rō'š*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - commander/leader", "*wayədabbēr*": "verb, Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he spoke", "*dəḇārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his words", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hammişpâ*": "article + proper noun - the Mizpah" }, "variants": { "*wayyāśîmû*": "placed/appointed/made/established", "*rō'š*": "head/chief/leader/commander", "*qāṣîn*": "commander/leader/chief/officer" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.11.12", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִפְתָּח֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר מַה־לִּ֣י וָלָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־בָ֥אתָ אֵלַ֖י לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם בְּאַרְצִֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Yiptach* *mal'āḵîm* to-*meleḵ* *bənê*-*'Ammôn* *lē'mōr* what-to-me and-to-you that-*ḇā'tā* to-me to-*hillāḥēm* in-*'arşî*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he sent", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*mal'āḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*lē'mōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ḇā'tā*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have come", "*hillāḥēm*": "verb, Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*'arşî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my land" }, "variants": { "*mal'āḵîm*": "messengers/angels/envoys", "*lē'mōr*": "saying/to say" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.11.13", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֗ח כִּֽי־לָקַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־אַרְצִי֙ בַּעֲלוֹת֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם מֵאַרְנ֥וֹן וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֖ק וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֕ה הָשִׁ֥יבָה אֶתְהֶ֖ן בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* *meleḵ* *bənê*-*'Ammôn* to-*mal'ăḵê* *Yiptach* because-*lāqaḥ* *Yiśrā'ēl* 'et-*'arşî* in-*ba'ălôtô* from-*Mişrayim* from-*'Arnôn* and-until-*haYabbōq* and-until-*haYardēn* and-*'attâ* *hāšîḇâ* them in-*šālôm*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*mal'ăḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - messengers of", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*lāqaḥ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*'arşî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my land", "*ba'ălôtô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his coming up", "*Mişrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*'Arnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon", "*haYabbōq*": "article + proper noun - the Jabbok", "*haYardēn*": "article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*'attâ*": "adverb - now", "*hāšîḇâ*": "verb, Hiphil imperative masculine singular - restore/return", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/seized/captured", "*ba'ălôtô*": "in his coming up/when he came up/as he ascended", "*hāšîḇâ*": "restore/return/give back", "*šālôm*": "peace/peacefully/with peaceful intentions" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.11.14", "source": "וַיּ֥וֹסֶף ע֖וֹד יִפְתָּ֑ח וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyôsep* again *Yiptach* and *wayyišlaḥ* *mal'āḵîm* to-*meleḵ* *bənê* *'Ammôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyôsep*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he added/continued", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he sent", "*mal'āḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*wayyôsep*": "added/continued/did again", "*mal'āḵîm*": "messengers/angels/envoys" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.11.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יִפְתָּ֑ח לֹֽא־לָקַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* to-him thus *'āmar* *Yiptach* not-*lāqaḥ* *Yiśrā'ēl* 'et-*'ereş* *Mô'āḇ* and-'et-*'ereş* *bənê* *'Ammôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*'āmar*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*lāqaḥ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*'ereş*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Mô'āḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*'ereş*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/seized/captured" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.11.16", "source": "כִּ֖י בַּעֲלוֹתָ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ עַד־יַם־ס֔וּף וַיָּבֹ֖א קָדֵֽשָׁה׃", "text": "*Kî* in *ʿălôtām* from *miṣrayim* *wayyēlek* *yiśrāʾēl* in *midbar* unto *yam-sûp* *wayyābōʾ* *qādēšâ*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when", "*ʿălôtām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person plural suffix - in their going up", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he went", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*midbar*": "noun masculine singular with preposition bet - in wilderness", "*yam-sûp*": "construct noun phrase - Sea of Reeds/Red Sea", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he came", "*qādēšâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Kadesh" }, "variants": { "*Kî*": "for/because/when/that", "*ʿălôtām*": "their going up/ascent/departure", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert", "*yam-sûp*": "Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.11.17", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ אֶל־מֶלֶךְ֩ אֱד֨וֹם ׀ לֵאמֹ֜ר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱד֔וֹם וְגַ֨ם אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ מוֹאָ֛ב שָׁלַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wayyišlaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* *malʾākîm* unto *melek* *ʾĕdôm* *lēʾmōr* *ʾeʿbĕrâ-nnaʾ* in *ʾarṣĕkā* *wĕlōʾ* *šāmaʿ* *melek* *ʾĕdôm* *wĕgam* unto *melek* *môʾāb* *šālaḥ* *wĕlōʾ* *ʾābâ* *wayyēšeb* *yiśrāʾēl* in *qādēš*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he sent", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malʾākîm*": "noun masculine plural - messengers/angels", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed with qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾeʿbĕrâ-nnaʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st singular cohortative with particle of entreaty - let me pass, please", "*ʾarṣĕkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd singular masculine - he listened/heeded", "*wĕgam*": "conjunction with particle - and also", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd singular masculine - he sent", "*ʾābâ*": "qal perfect 3rd singular masculine - he was willing/consented", "*wayyēšeb*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he dwelled/remained", "*qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh" }, "variants": { "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/angels/ambassadors", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾeʿbĕrâ-nnaʾ*": "let me pass, please/I will pass through, please", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*ʾābâ*": "was willing/consented/agreed" } } 18 { "verseID": "Judges.11.18", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיָּ֜סָב אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ אֱדוֹם֙ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיָּבֹ֤א מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּן בְּעֵ֣בֶר אַרְנ֑וֹן וְלֹא־בָ֙אוּ֙ בִּגְב֣וּל מוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י אַרְנ֖וֹן גְּב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*wayyēlek* in *midbar* *wayyāsāb* *ʾet-ʾereṣ* *ʾĕdôm* *wĕʾet-ʾereṣ* *môʾāb* *wayyābōʾ* from *mizraḥ-šemeš* to *ʾereṣ* *môʾāb* *wayyaḥănûn* in *ʿēber* *ʾarnôn* *wĕlōʾ-bāʾû* in *gĕbûl* *môʾāb* *kî* *ʾarnôn* *gĕbûl* *môʾāb*", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he went", "*midbar*": "noun masculine singular with preposition bet - in wilderness", "*wayyāsāb*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he went around", "*ʾet-ʾereṣ*": "direct object marker with noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*wĕʾet-ʾereṣ*": "conjunction with direct object marker with noun feminine singular construct - and land of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he came", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "construct chain - east (rising of sun)", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*wayyaḥănûn*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they camped", "*ʿēber*": "noun masculine singular construct with preposition bet - at side of", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon", "*wĕlōʾ-bāʾû*": "conjunction with negative particle and qal perfect 3rd plural - and they did not enter", "*gĕbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct with preposition bet - in border/territory of", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gĕbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - border/territory of" }, "variants": { "*wayyāsāb*": "went around/circled/surrounded", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "east/sunrise", "*ʿēber*": "side/region/beyond", "*gĕbûl*": "border/territory/boundary" } } 19 { "verseID": "Judges.11.19", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־סִיח֥וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־הָאֱמֹרִ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נַעְבְּרָה־נָּ֥א בְאַרְצְךָ֖ עַד־מְקוֹמִֽי׃", "text": "*wayyišlaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* *malʾākîm* unto *sîḥôn* *melek-hāʾĕmōrî* *melek* *ḥešbôn* *wayyōʾmer* to him *yiśrāʾēl* *naʿbĕrâ-nnāʾ* in *ʾarṣĕkā* unto *mĕqômî*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he sent", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malʾākîm*": "noun masculine plural - messengers/angels", "*sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*melek-hāʾĕmōrî*": "noun masculine singular construct with definite article and proper noun - king of the Amorite", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he said", "*naʿbĕrâ-nnāʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative with particle of entreaty - let us pass, please", "*ʾarṣĕkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*mĕqômî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my place" }, "variants": { "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/angels/ambassadors", "*naʿbĕrâ-nnāʾ*": "let us pass, please/we will pass through, please", "*mĕqômî*": "my place/my location/my destination" } } 20 { "verseID": "Judges.11.20", "source": "וְלֹא־הֶאֱמִ֨ין סִיח֤וֹן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻל֔וֹ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף סִיחוֹן֙ אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָ֑הְצָה וַיִלָּ֖חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wĕlōʾ-heʾĕmîn* *sîḥôn* *ʾet-yiśrāʾēl* *ʿăbōr* in *gĕbulô* *wayyeʾĕsōp* *sîḥôn* *ʾet-kol-ʿammô* *wayyaḥănû* in *yāhṣâ* *wayyillāḥem* with *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wĕlōʾ-heʾĕmîn*": "conjunction with negative particle and hiphil perfect 3rd singular masculine - and he did not trust", "*sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Israel", "*ʿăbōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to pass through", "*gĕbulô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition bet - in his territory", "*wayyeʾĕsōp*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he gathered", "*ʾet-kol-ʿammô*": "direct object marker with noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all his people", "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they camped", "*yāhṣâ*": "proper noun - Jahaz", "*wayyillāḥem*": "waw consecutive with niphal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he fought", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*heʾĕmîn*": "trusted/believed/had confidence in", "*ʿăbōr*": "to pass through/cross over", "*gĕbulô*": "his territory/border/land", "*wayyeʾĕsōp*": "gathered/assembled/collected" } } 21 { "verseID": "Judges.11.21", "source": "וַ֠יִּתֵּן יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־סִיח֧וֹן וְאֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֛וֹ בְּיַ֥ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּכּ֑וּם וַיִּירַשׁ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י יוֹשֵׁ֖ב הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִֽיא׃", "text": "*wayyittēn* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê-yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet-sîḥôn* *wĕʾet-kol-ʿammô* in *yad* *yiśrāʾēl* *wayyakkûm* *wayyîraš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt* all *ʾereṣ* *hāʾĕmōrî* *yôšēb* *hāʾāreṣ* *hahîʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê-yiśrāʾēl*": "noun masculine plural construct with proper noun - God of Israel", "*ʾet-sîḥôn*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Sihon", "*wĕʾet-kol-ʿammô*": "conjunction with direct object marker and noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and all his people", "*yad*": "noun feminine singular construct with preposition bet - into hand of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyakkûm*": "waw consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3rd plural with 3rd plural suffix - and they struck them", "*wayyîraš*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd singular masculine - and he possessed/conquered", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorite", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - inhabitant of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*wayyakkûm*": "struck them/defeated them/smote them", "*wayyîraš*": "possessed/inherited/conquered/dispossessed", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } } 22 { "verseID": "Judges.11.22", "source": "וַיִּ֣ירְשׁ֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־גְּב֣וּל הָאֱמֹרִ֑י מֵֽאַרְנוֹן֙ וְעַד־הַיַּבֹּ֔ק וּמִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעַד־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃", "text": "*wayyîrĕšû* *ʾēt* all *gĕbûl* *hāʾĕmōrî* from *ʾarnôn* and unto *hayyabbōq* and from *hammidbar* and unto *hayyardēn*", "grammar": { "*wayyîrĕšû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they possessed/conquered", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*gĕbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - territory/border of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorite", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun with preposition min - from Arnon", "*hayyabbōq*": "proper noun with definite article and preposition ad - to the Jabbok", "*hammidbar*": "noun masculine singular with definite article and preposition min - from the wilderness", "*hayyardēn*": "proper noun with definite article and preposition ad - to the Jordan" }, "variants": { "*wayyîrĕšû*": "possessed/inherited/conquered/dispossessed", "*gĕbûl*": "territory/border/boundary" } } 23 { "verseID": "Judges.11.23", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י מִפְּנֵ֖י עַמּ֣וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּירָשֶֽׁנּוּ׃", "text": "*wĕʿattâ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* *hôrîš* *ʾet-hāʾĕmōrî* from *pĕnê* *ʿammô* *yiśrāʾēl* *wĕʾattâ* *tîrāšennû*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction with adverb - and now", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hôrîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd singular masculine - he dispossessed", "*ʾet-hāʾĕmōrî*": "direct object marker with proper noun with definite article - the Amorite", "*pĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct with preposition min - from before/from presence of", "*ʿammô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wĕʾattâ*": "conjunction with personal pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - and you", "*tîrāšennû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will possess it" }, "variants": { "*hôrîš*": "dispossessed/drove out/disinherited", "*pĕnê*": "face/presence/before", "*tîrāšennû*": "you will possess it/you will inherit it/you will take possession of it" } } 24 { "verseID": "Judges.11.24", "source": "הֲלֹ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר יוֹרִֽישְׁךָ֛ כְּמ֥וֹשׁ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אוֹת֥וֹ תִירָ֑שׁ וְאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹרִ֜ישׁ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ אוֹת֥וֹ נִירָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*hălōʾ* *ʾēt* which *yôrîšĕkā* *kĕmôš* *ʾĕlōhêkā* it *tîrāš* and *ʾēt* all which *hôrîš* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* from *pānênû* it *nîrāš*", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative particle - is it not", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yôrîšĕkā*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he causes you to possess", "*kĕmôš*": "proper noun - Chemosh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your god", "*tîrāš*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will possess", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hôrîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd singular masculine - he dispossessed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*pānênû*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix with preposition min - from before us", "*nîrāš*": "qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will possess" }, "variants": { "*yôrîšĕkā*": "causes you to possess/gives you to inherit/lets you take", "*tîrāš*": "you will possess/you will inherit/you will take possession of", "*hôrîš*": "dispossessed/drove out/disinherited", "*pānênû*": "our presence/before us/our face", "*nîrāš*": "we will possess/we will inherit/we will take possession of" } } 25 { "verseID": "Judges.11.25", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲט֥וֹב טוֹב֙ אַתָּ֔ה מִבָּלָ֥ק בֶּן־צִפּ֖וֹר מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב הֲר֥וֹב רָב֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־נִלְחֹ֥ם נִלְחַ֖ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wĕʿattâ* *hăṭôb ṭôb* you from *bālāq* *ben-ṣippôr* *melek* *môʾāb* *hărôb rāb* with *yiśrāʾēl* if *nilḥōm nilḥam* with them", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction with adverb - and now", "*hăṭôb ṭôb*": "interrogative particle with infinitive absolute and adjective masculine singular - are you indeed better", "*bālāq*": "proper noun with preposition min - than Balak", "*ben-ṣippôr*": "noun masculine singular construct with proper noun - son of Zippor", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hărôb rāb*": "interrogative particle with infinitive absolute and qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did he indeed contend", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition im - with Israel", "*nilḥōm nilḥam*": "niphal infinitive absolute and niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did he ever fight", "*bām*": "preposition bet with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them" }, "variants": { "*hăṭôb ṭôb*": "are you indeed better/are you really better", "*hărôb rāb*": "did he indeed contend/did he really strive/did he ever quarrel", "*nilḥōm nilḥam*": "did he ever fight/did he actually battle/did he truly wage war" } } 26 { "verseID": "Judges.11.26", "source": "בְּשֶׁ֣בֶת יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל בְּחֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֜יהָ וּבְעַרְע֣וֹר וּבִבְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וּבְכָל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־יְדֵ֣י אַרְנ֔וֹן שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וּמַדּ֥וּעַ לֹֽא־הִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא׃", "text": "In *šebet* *yiśrāʾēl* in *ḥešbôn* and in *bĕnôtêhā* and in *ʿarʿôr* and in *bĕnôtêhā* and in all *heʿārîm* which upon *yĕdê* *ʾarnôn* *šĕlōš mēʾôt šānâ* and *maddûaʿ* *lōʾ-hiṣṣaltem* in *hāʿēt* *hahîʾ*", "grammar": { "*šebet*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition bet - in dwelling of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun with preposition bet - in Heshbon", "*bĕnôtêhā*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition bet - and in her daughter-towns", "*ʿarʿôr*": "proper noun with preposition bet - in Aroer", "*heʿārîm*": "noun feminine plural with definite article - the cities", "*yĕdê*": "noun feminine dual construct - banks of", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon", "*šĕlōš mēʾôt šānâ*": "numeral feminine construct and numeral and noun feminine singular - three hundred years", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*lōʾ-hiṣṣaltem*": "negative particle and hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you did not recover", "*hāʿēt*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the time", "*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*šebet*": "dwelling of/sitting of/residing of", "*bĕnôtêhā*": "her daughters/her dependent towns", "*yĕdê*": "banks of/sides of/hands of", "*hiṣṣaltem*": "recovered/rescued/delivered" } } 27 { "verseID": "Judges.11.27", "source": "וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ לֹֽא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֞ה עֹשֶׂ֥ה אִתִּ֛י רָעָ֖ה לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בִּ֑י יִשְׁפֹּ֨ט יְהוָ֤ה הַשֹּׁפֵט֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *ʾānōkî* *lōʾ-ḥāṭāʾtî* to you, and you *ʿōśê* with me *rāʿâ* *lĕhillāḥēm* in me. *yišpōṭ* *YHWH* *haššōpēṭ* *hayyôm* between *bĕnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and between *bĕnê* *ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*lōʾ-ḥāṭāʾtî*": "negative particle and qal perfect 1st person singular - I have not sinned", "*ʿōśê*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - doing", "*rāʿâ*": "adjective feminine singular - evil/wrong", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "preposition lamed with niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*yišpōṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he judge", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*haššōpēṭ*": "qal participle masculine singular with definite article - the judge", "*hayyôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - today", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "sinned/offended/done wrong", "*ʿōśê*": "doing/committing/performing", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/wrong/harm", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to battle/to wage war", "*yišpōṭ*": "may judge/will judge/let judge", "*haššōpēṭ*": "the judge/the one who judges" } } 28 { "verseID": "Judges.11.28", "source": "וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ע מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יִפְתָּ֔ח אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלַ֖ח אֵלָֽיו׃ פ", "text": "And *lōʾ šāmaʿ* *melek* *bĕnê* *ʿammôn* unto *dibrê* *yiptāḥ* which *šālaḥ* unto him", "grammar": { "*lōʾ šāmaʿ*": "negative particle and qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did not listen", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*yiptāḥ*": "proper noun - Jephthah", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʾēlāw*": "preposition el with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "listened/heeded/obeyed", "*dibrê*": "words/speeches/matters", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched" } } 29 { "verseID": "Judges.11.29", "source": "וַתְּהִ֤י עַל־יִפְתָּח֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֖ד וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־מִצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד וּמִמִּצְפֵּ֣ה גִלְעָ֔ד עָבַ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wattĕhî* upon *yiptāḥ* *rûaḥ* *YHWH* *wayyaʿăbōr* *ʾet-haggilʿād* and *ʾet-mĕnaššê* *wayyaʿăbōr* *ʾet-miṣpê* *gilʿād* and from *miṣpê* *gilʿād* *ʿābar* *bĕnê* *ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*wattĕhî*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she was/it was", "*yiptāḥ*": "proper noun - Jephthah", "*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he passed through", "*ʾet-haggilʿād*": "direct object marker with proper noun with definite article - the Gilead", "*ʾet-mĕnaššê*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Manasseh", "*ʾet-miṣpê*": "direct object marker with noun masculine singular construct - Mizpeh of", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun - Gilead", "*miṣpê*": "noun masculine singular construct with preposition min - from Mizpeh of", "*ʿābar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he passed through", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*wattĕhî*": "and she was/it came/it happened", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "passed through/crossed over/went through", "*miṣpê*": "watchtower of/lookout of", "*ʿābar*": "passed through/crossed over/went through" } } 30 { "verseID": "Judges.11.30", "source": "וַיִּדַּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֥ח נֶ֛דֶר לַיהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אִם־נָת֥וֹן תִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן בְּיָדִֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyiddar* *Yiftāḥ* *neder* to-*YHWH* and-*wayyōmar*: if-*nātōn* *titten* *ʾet*-*bĕnê* *ʿammōn* in-*yādî*", "grammar": { "*wayyiddar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he vowed", "*Yiftāḥ*": "proper noun, masculine - Jephthah", "*neder*": "noun, masculine singular - vow", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wayyōmar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*nātōn*": "infinitive absolute - surely/certainly", "*titten*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you will give", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammōn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1cs suffix - my hand" }, "variants": { "*nātōn titten*": "surely give/definitely deliver/certainly hand over", "*bĕnê ʿammōn*": "sons of Ammon/Ammonites", "*yādî*": "my hand/my power/my control" } } 31 { "verseID": "Judges.11.31", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה הַיּוֹצֵ֗א אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵצֵ֜א מִדַּלְתֵ֤י בֵיתִי֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י בְּשׁוּבִ֥י בְשָׁל֖וֹם מִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖הוּ עוֹלָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wĕhāyâ* the-*hayyôṣēʾ* *ʾăšer* *yēṣēʾ* from-*dalĕtê* *bêtî* to-*liqrātî* in-*šûbî* in-*šālôm* from-*bĕnê* *ʿammôn* and-*wĕhāyâ* to-*YHWH* and-*wĕhaʿălîtîhû* *ʿôlâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕhāyâ*": "waw + Qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*hayyôṣēʾ*": "article + Qal participle ms - the one coming out", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which", "*yēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - will come out", "*dalĕtê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - doors of", "*bêtî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my house", "*liqrātî*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 1cs suffix - to meet me", "*šûbî*": "Qal infinitive construct + 1cs suffix - my returning", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wĕhaʿălîtîhû*": "waw + Hiphil perfect 1cs + 3ms suffix - and I will offer him/it", "*ʿôlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - burnt offering" }, "variants": { "*hayyôṣēʾ*": "the one who comes out/whatever comes out", "*dalĕtê*": "doors/entrances/gates", "*šālôm*": "peace/safely/well-being", "*wĕhaʿălîtîhû ʿôlâ*": "I will offer it as a burnt offering/I will cause it to go up as a burnt offering" } } 32 { "verseID": "Judges.11.32", "source": "וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם וַיִתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăbōr* *Yiftāḥ* to-*bĕnê* *ʿammôn* to-*lĕhillāḥem* in-them and-*wayyitĕnēm* *YHWH* in-*yādô*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he crossed over/passed through", "*Yiftāḥ*": "proper noun, masculine - Jephthah", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*lĕhillāḥem*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*wayyitĕnēm*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he gave them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "he crossed over/he passed through/he went over", "*lĕhillāḥem*": "to fight/to do battle", "*yādô*": "his hand/his power/his control" } } 33 { "verseID": "Judges.11.33", "source": "וַיַּכֵּ֡ם מֵעֲרוֹעֵר֩ וְעַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֨ מִנִּ֜ית עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עִ֗יר וְעַד֙ אָבֵ֣ל כְּרָמִ֔ים מַכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*wayyakkēm* from-*ʿărôʿēr* and-until-*bôʾăkā* *minnît* twenty *ʿîr* and-until *ʾābēl* *kĕrāmîm* *makkâ* *gĕdôlâ* very and-*wayyikkānĕʿû* *bĕnê* *ʿammôn* from-*pĕnê* *bĕnê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wayyakkēm*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he struck them", "*ʿărôʿēr*": "proper noun - Aroer", "*bôʾăkā*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2ms suffix - your coming/arrival", "*minnît*": "proper noun - Minnith", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*ʾābēl*": "proper noun - Abel", "*kĕrāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vineyards", "*makkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - strike/blow/defeat", "*gĕdôlâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/large", "*wayyikkānĕʿû*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect 3mp - and they were subdued", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - faces of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyakkēm*": "he struck them/he defeated them/he smote them", "*bôʾăkā*": "your coming to/until you come to/as far as", "*makkâ gĕdôlâ mĕʾōd*": "very great blow/severe slaughter/devastating defeat", "*wayyikkānĕʿû*": "they were subdued/they were humbled/they were brought down", "*mipĕnê*": "from before/from the face of/because of" } } 34 { "verseID": "Judges.11.34", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א יִפְתָּ֣ח הַמִּצְפָּה֮ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֒ וְהִנֵּ֤ה בִתּוֹ֙ יֹצֵ֣את לִקְרָאת֔וֹ בְתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹל֑וֹת וְרַק֙ הִ֣יא יְחִידָ֔ה אֵֽין־ל֥וֹ מִמֶּ֛נּוּ בֵּ֖ן אוֹ־בַֽת׃", "text": "And-*wayyābōʾ* *Yiftāḥ* *hammiṣpâ* to-*bêtô* and-*whinnēh* *bittô* *yōṣēʾt* to-*liqrātô* with-*tuppîm* and-with-*mĕḥōlôt* and-*raq* she *yĕḥîdâ* *ʾên*-to-him from-him *bēn* or-*bat*", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*Yiftāḥ*": "proper noun, masculine - Jephthah", "*hammiṣpâ*": "article + proper noun - the Mizpah", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his house", "*whinnēh*": "interjection - and behold", "*bittô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his daughter", "*yōṣēʾt*": "Qal participle fs - coming out", "*liqrātô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to meet him", "*tuppîm*": "noun, masculine plural - timbrels/tambourines", "*mĕḥōlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - dances", "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*yĕḥîdâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - only one", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not/without", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular - daughter" }, "variants": { "*hammiṣpâ*": "the Mizpah/the watchtower", "*yōṣēʾt*": "coming out/going forth", "*tuppîm*": "timbrels/tambourines/drums", "*mĕḥōlôt*": "dances/dancing", "*yĕḥîdâ*": "only one/only child/sole child" } } 35 { "verseID": "Judges.11.35", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִרְאוֹת֨וֹ אוֹתָ֜הּ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֲהָ֤הּ בִּתִּי֙ הַכְרֵ֣עַ הִכְרַעְתִּ֔נִי וְאַ֖תְּ הָיִ֣יתְ בְּעֹֽכְרָ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י פָּצִ֤יתִי־פִי֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א אוּכַ֖ל לָשֽׁוּב׃", "text": "And-*wayĕhî* when-*kirʾôtô* *ʾôtāh* and-*wayyiqraʿ* *ʾet*-*bĕgādāyw* and-*wayyōmer* *ʾăhāh* *bittî* *hakrēaʿ* *hikraʿtînî* and-you were in-*ʿōkĕrāy* and-I *pāṣîtî*-*pî* to-*YHWH* and-not *ʾûkal* to-*lāšûb*", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and it came to pass", "*kirʾôtô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - when he saw", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker + 3fs suffix - her", "*wayyiqraʿ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore", "*bĕgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his garments", "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾăhāh*": "interjection - alas", "*bittî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1cs suffix - my daughter", "*hakrēaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - surely", "*hikraʿtînî*": "Hiphil perfect 2fs + 1cs suffix - you have brought me down", "*ʿōkĕrāy*": "Qal participle mp + 1cs suffix - my troublers", "*pāṣîtî*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I have opened", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my mouth", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾûkal*": "Qal imperfect 1cs - I am able", "*lāšûb*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to return/turn back" }, "variants": { "*ʾăhāh*": "alas/oh no/ah", "*hakrēaʿ hikraʿtînî*": "you have surely brought me down/you have thoroughly crushed me/you have greatly troubled me", "*bĕʿōkĕrāy*": "among my troublers/one who brings me trouble", "*pāṣîtî-pî*": "I have opened my mouth/I have given my word", "*lāšûb*": "to turn back/to retract/to take back" } } 36 { "verseID": "Judges.11.36", "source": "וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו אָבִי֙ פָּצִ֤יתָה אֶת־פִּ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עֲשֵׂ֣ה לִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יָצָ֣א מִפִּ֑יךָ אַחֲרֵ֡י אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ לְךָ֙ יְהוָ֧ה נְקָמ֛וֹת מֵאֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִבְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*wattōmer* to-him *ʾābî* *pāṣîtâ* *ʾet*-*pîkā* to-*YHWH* *ʿăśēh* to-me as-that *yāṣāʾ* from-*pîkā* after that *ʿāśâ* to-you *YHWH* *nĕqāmôt* from-*ʾōyĕbêkā* from-*bĕnê* *ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*wattōmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3fs - and she said", "*ʾābî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my father", "*pāṣîtâ*": "Qal perfect 2ms - you have opened", "*pîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - your mouth", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿăśēh*": "Qal imperative ms - do", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3ms - it came out", "*pîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - your mouth", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he has done", "*nĕqāmôt*": "noun, feminine plural - vengeance", "*ʾōyĕbêkā*": "Qal participle mp construct + 2ms suffix - your enemies", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*pāṣîtâ ʾet-pîkā*": "you have opened your mouth/you have given your word/you have made a vow", "*yāṣāʾ mippîkā*": "came out from your mouth/you have spoken/you have promised", "*nĕqāmôt*": "vengeance/revenge/vindication", "*ʾōyĕbêkā*": "your enemies/your foes/those who hate you" } } 37 { "verseID": "Judges.11.37", "source": "וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יהָ יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לִּ֖י הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה הַרְפֵּ֨ה מִמֶּ֜נִּי שְׁנַ֣יִם חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וְאֵֽלְכָה֙ וְיָרַדְתִּ֣י עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶבְכֶּה֙ עַל־בְּתוּלַ֔י אָנֹכִ֖י *ורעיתי **וְרֵעוֹתָֽי׃", "text": "And-*wattōmer* to-*ʾābîhā* *yēʿāśeh* to-me *haddābār* *hazzeh*; *harpēh* from-me two *ḥŏdāšîm* and-*ʾēlĕkâ* and-*yāradtî* on-*hehārîm* and-*ʾebkeh* on-*bĕtûlay* I and-*rēʿôtāy*", "grammar": { "*wattōmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3fs - and she said", "*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular + 3fs suffix - her father", "*yēʿāśeh*": "Niphal imperfect 3ms - let it be done", "*haddābār*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/matter", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective ms - this", "*harpēh*": "Hiphil imperative ms - let go/release", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*ʾēlĕkâ*": "Qal cohortative 1cs - let me go", "*yāradtî*": "Qal perfect 1cs - I will go down", "*hehārîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*ʾebkeh*": "Qal imperfect 1cs - I will weep", "*bĕtûlay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1cs suffix - my virginity", "*rēʿôtāy*": "noun, feminine plural + 1cs suffix - my companions" }, "variants": { "*haddābār hazzeh*": "this thing/this matter/this request", "*harpēh*": "release me/let me alone/leave me", "*yāradtî*": "I will go down/I will wander", "*bĕtûlay*": "my virginity/my maidenhood", "*rēʿôtāy*": "my companions/my friends" } } 38 { "verseID": "Judges.11.38", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵ֔כִי וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אוֹתָ֖הּ שְׁנֵ֣י חֳדָשִׁ֑ים וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ הִיא֙ וְרֵ֣עוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַתֵּ֥בְךְּ עַל־בְּתוּלֶ֖יהָ עַל־הֶהָרִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyōmer* *lēkî* and-*wayyišlaḥ* *ʾôtāh* two *ḥŏdāšîm* and-*wattēlek* she and-*rēʿôtêhā* and-*wattēbk* on-*bĕtûlêhā* on-*hehārîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lēkî*": "Qal imperative fs - go", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker + 3fs suffix - her", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*wattēlek*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3fs - and she went", "*rēʿôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural + 3fs suffix - her companions", "*wattēbk*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3fs - and she wept", "*bĕtûlêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3fs suffix - her virginity", "*hehārîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains" }, "variants": { "*lēkî*": "go/depart", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "he sent away/he let go", "*bĕtûlêhā*": "her virginity/her maidenhood" } } 39 { "verseID": "Judges.11.39", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַתָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יהָ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֔הּ אֶת־נִדְר֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָדָ֑ר וְהִיא֙ לֹא־יָדְעָ֣ה אִ֔ישׁ וַתְּהִי־חֹ֖ק בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*wayĕhî* from-*qēṣ* two *ḥŏdāšîm* and-*wattāšāb* to-*ʾābîhā* and-*wayyaʿaś* to-her *ʾet*-*nidrô* that *nādār* and-she not-*yādĕʿâ* *ʾîš* and-*wattĕhî*-*ḥōq* in-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and it came to pass", "*qēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*wattāšāb*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3fs - and she returned", "*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular + 3fs suffix - her father", "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he did", "*nidrô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his vow", "*nādār*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he vowed", "*yādĕʿâ*": "Qal perfect 3fs - she knew", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*wattĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3fs - and she became", "*ḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - statute/custom", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*miqqēṣ*": "at the end of/after the completion of", "*wattāšāb*": "she returned/she came back", "*wayyaʿaś lāh ʾet-nidrô*": "he did to her his vow/he carried out his vow concerning her", "*lōʾ-yādĕʿâ ʾîš*": "she did not know a man/she had not known a man (sexually)/she was a virgin", "*wattĕhî-ḥōq*": "it became a custom/it became a tradition" } } 40 { "verseID": "Judges.11.40", "source": "מִיָּמִ֣ים ׀ יָמִ֗ימָה תֵּלַ֙כְנָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְתַנּ֕וֹת לְבַת־יִפְתָּ֖ח הַגִּלְעָדִ֑י אַרְבַּ֥עַת יָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָֽה׃", "text": "From-*yāmîm* *yāmîmâ* *tēlaknâ* *bĕnôt* *yiśrāʾēl* to-*lĕtannôt* to-*bat*-*Yiftāḥ* *haggilĕʿādî* four *yāmîm* in-*baššānâ*", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*yāmîmâ*": "noun, masculine plural + directional heh - to days/yearly", "*tēlaknâ*": "Qal imperfect 3fp - they would go", "*bĕnôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lĕtannôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to lament/commemorate", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Yiftāḥ*": "proper noun - Jephthah", "*haggilĕʿādî*": "article + gentilic adjective ms - the Gileadite", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*baššānâ*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the year" }, "variants": { "*miyyāmîm yāmîmâ*": "from year to year/yearly/annually", "*tēlaknâ*": "they would go/they used to go", "*lĕtannôt*": "to lament/to commemorate/to celebrate", "*ʾarbaʿat yāmîm baššānâ*": "four days in the year/four days yearly" } }
  • 1 Sam 11:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.1", "source": "וַיַּ֗עַל נָחָשׁ֙ הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֔י וַיִּ֖חַן עַל־יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֤י יָבֵישׁ֙ אֶל־נָחָ֔שׁ כְּרָת־לָ֥נוּ בְרִ֖ית וְנַעַבְדֶֽךָּ", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* *nāḥāš* the *ʿammônî* and *wayyiḥan* against *yābēš* *gilʿād* and *wayyōʾmərû* all *ʾanšê* *yābēš* to *nāḥāš* *kərāt-lānû* *bərît* and *wənaʿabdekā*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*nāḥāš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nahash", "*ʿammônî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wayyiḥan*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he encamped", "*yābēš*": "proper noun - Jabesh", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun - Gilead", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*kərāt-lānû*": "Qal imperative masculine singular + preposition + 1st person plural suffix - cut for us", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*wənaʿabdekā*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and we will serve you" }, "variants": { "*nāḥāš*": "Nahash (name meaning 'serpent')", "*yābēš gilʿād*": "Jabesh-Gilead (city name)", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*naʿabdekā*": "serve you/be your subjects/be subservient to you" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם נָחָשׁ֙ הָעַמּוֹנִ֔י בְּזֹאת֙ אֶכְרֹ֣ת לָכֶ֔ם בִּנְק֥וֹר לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־עֵ֣ין יָמִ֑ין וְשַׂמְתִּ֥יהָ חֶרְפָּ֖ה עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to them *nāḥāš* the *ʿammônî* in *bəzōʾt* I will *ʾekrōt* to you in *binqôr* to you all eye *yāmîn* and *wəśamtîhā* *ḥerpâ* on all *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nāḥāš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nahash", "*ʿammônî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*bəzōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - in/with this", "*ʾekrōt*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will cut", "*binqôr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - in gouging out", "*yāmîn*": "noun, feminine singular - right", "*wəśamtîhā*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʾekrōt*": "cut/make (covenant)", "*binqôr*": "in gouging out/by boring out/by piercing", "*ʿên yāmîn*": "right eye", "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame/insult" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.3", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו זִקְנֵ֣י יָבֵ֗ישׁ הֶ֤רֶף לָ֙נוּ֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וְנִשְׁלְחָה֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאִם־אֵ֥ין מוֹשִׁ֛יע אֹתָ֖נוּ וְיָצָ֥אנוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* to him *ziqnê* *yābēš* *herep* to us *šibʿat* *yāmîm* and *wənišləḥâ* *malʾākîm* in all *gəbûl* *yiśrāʾēl* and if *ʾên* *môšîaʿ* us and *wəyāṣāʾnû* to you", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ziqnê*": "construct plural of *zāqēn* - elders of", "*yābēš*": "proper noun - Jabesh", "*herep*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - leave alone/let be", "*šibʿat*": "construct feminine singular - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*wənišləḥâ*": "waw conjunction + Qal cohortative 1st person plural - and let us send", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*gəbûl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - territory/border of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*môšîaʿ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - savior/deliverer", "*wəyāṣāʾnû*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person plural - and we will come out" }, "variants": { "*herep*": "leave alone/let be/give respite", "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/envoys", "*gəbûl*": "territory/border/region", "*môšîaʿ*": "savior/deliverer/rescuer" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.4", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ גִּבְעַ֣ת שָׁא֔וּל וַיְדַבְּר֥וּ הַדְּבָרִ֖ים בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיִּשְׂא֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ", "text": "And *wayyābōʾû* the *hammalʾākîm* *gibʿat* *šāʾûl* and *wayədabbərû* the *haddəbārîm* in *ʾoznê* the *hāʿām* and *wayyiśʾû* all the *hāʿām* *ʾet-qôlām* and *wayyibkû*", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*hammalʾākîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the messengers", "*gibʿat*": "construct feminine singular - Gibeah of", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wayədabbərû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they spoke", "*haddəbārîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the words/matters", "*ʾoznê*": "construct plural of *ʾōzen* - ears of", "*hāʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wayyiśʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they lifted up", "*ʾet-qôlām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*wayyibkû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they wept" }, "variants": { "*gibʿat šāʾûl*": "Gibeah of Saul (place name)", "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.5", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל בָּ֣א אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבָּקָר֙ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל מַה־לָּעָ֖ם כִּ֣י יִבְכּ֑וּ וַיְסַ֨פְּרוּ־ל֔וֹ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֖י אַנְשֵׁ֥י יָבֵֽישׁ", "text": "And *wəhinnê* *šāʾûl* *bāʾ* after the *habbāqār* from the *haśśādeh* and *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* what to the *lāʿām* that *yibkû* and *waysappərû-lô* *ʾet-dibrê* *ʾanšê* *yābêš*", "grammar": { "*wəhinnê*": "waw conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - coming", "*habbāqār*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the cattle/oxen", "*haśśādeh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the field", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāʿām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - to the people", "*yibkû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they weep", "*waysappərû-lô*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they told to him", "*ʾet-dibrê*": "direct object marker + construct plural of *dābār* - words of", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*yābêš*": "proper noun - Jabesh" }, "variants": { "*hinnê*": "behold/look/see", "*bāqār*": "cattle/oxen/herd", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/land" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.6", "source": "וַתִּצְלַ֤ח רֽוּחַ־אֱלֹהִים֙ עַל־שָׁא֔וּל כְּשָׁמְע֖וֹ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּ֥חַר אַפּ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד", "text": "And *wattiṣlaḥ* *rûaḥ-ʾĕlōhîm* on *šāʾûl* when *kəšāmʿô* *ʾet-haddəbārîm* these and *wayyiḥar* *ʾappô* very", "grammar": { "*wattiṣlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she rushed/came mightily", "*rûaḥ-ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, feminine singular in construct with - spirit of God", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*kəšāmʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when his hearing", "*ʾet-haddəbārîm*": "direct object marker + article + noun, masculine plural - the words/matters", "*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine plural - these", "*wayyiḥar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it burned", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his nose/anger", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*ṣālaḥ*": "rush/come mightily/succeed/prosper", "*rûaḥ-ʾĕlōhîm*": "Spirit of God/divine spirit", "*ḥārâ ʾap*": "anger burned/became angry (idiom)" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.7", "source": "וַיִּקַּח֩ צֶ֨מֶד בָּקָ֜ר וַֽיְנַתְּחֵ֗הוּ וַיְשַׁלַּ֞ח בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בְּיַ֣ד הַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים ׀ לֵאמֹר֒ אֲשֶׁר֩ אֵינֶ֨נּוּ יֹצֵ֜א אַחֲרֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ וְאַחַ֣ר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כֹּ֥ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לִבְקָר֑וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל פַּֽחַד־יְהוָה֙ עַל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֵּצְא֖וּ כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָֽד", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *ṣemed* *bāqār* and *wayənatṭəḥēhû* and *wayəšallaḥ* in all *gəbûl* *yiśrāʾēl* by *yad* the *hammalʾākîm* *lēʾmōr* who *ʾênennû* *yōṣēʾ* after *šāʾûl* and after *šəmûʾēl* thus *yēʿāśeh* to his *libqārô* and *wayyippōl* *paḥad-yhwh* on the *hāʿām* and *wayyēṣəʾû* like *kəʾîš* one", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ṣemed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pair of/yoke of", "*bāqār*": "noun, masculine singular - oxen", "*wayənatṭəḥēhû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he cut it in pieces", "*wayəšallaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*gəbûl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - territory of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*hammalʾākîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the messengers", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to say", "*ʾênennû*": "particle of negation + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he is not", "*yōṣēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going out", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*yēʿāśeh*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be done", "*libqārô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his cattle", "*wayyippōl*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it fell", "*paḥad-yhwh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + divine name - fear of YHWH", "*hāʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went out", "*kəʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a man" }, "variants": { "*ṣemed bāqār*": "yoke of oxen/pair of oxen", "*nātaḥ*": "cut in pieces/dismember/divide", "*paḥad-yhwh*": "fear of YHWH/dread from God/terror of the LORD", "*kəʾîš ʾeḥād*": "as one man (idiom for unanimously/together)" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.8", "source": "וַֽיִּפְקְדֵ֖ם בְּבָ֑זֶק וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שְׁלֹ֣שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אֶ֔לֶף וְאִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָ֖ה שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אָֽלֶף", "text": "And *wayyipqədēm* in *bəbāzeq* and *wayyihyû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* *šəlōš* *mēʾôt* *ʾelep* and *wəʾîš* *yəhûdâ* *šəlōšîm* *ʾālep*", "grammar": { "*wayyipqədēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he mustered them", "*bəbāzeq*": "preposition + proper noun - in Bezek", "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct plural of *bēn* + proper noun - sons of Israel", "*šəlōš*": "cardinal number, feminine - three", "*mēʾôt*": "plural of *mēʾâ* - hundreds", "*ʾelep*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand", "*wəʾîš*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šəlōšîm*": "cardinal number, masculine - thirty", "*ʾālep*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand" }, "variants": { "*pāqad*": "mustered/numbered/counted", "*bāzeq*": "Bezek (place name)", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "sons of Israel/Israelites" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.9", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ לַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים הַבָּאִ֗ים כֹּ֤ה תֹֽאמְרוּן֙ לְאִישׁ֙ יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֔ד מָחָ֛ר תִּהְיֶֽה־לָכֶ֥ם תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה כְּחֹ֣ם הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֗ים וַיַּגִּ֛ידוּ לְאַנְשֵׁ֥י יָבֵ֖ישׁ וַיִּשְׂמָֽחוּ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* to the *lammalʾākîm* the *habbāʾîm* thus *kōh* *tōʾmərûn* to *ləʾîš* *yābēš* *gilʿād* tomorrow *māḥār* *tihyeh-lākem* *təšûʿâ* when *kəḥōm* the *haššāmeš* and *wayyābōʾû* the *hammalʾākîm* and *wayyaggîdû* to *ləʾanšê* *yābēš* and *wayyiśmāḥû*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lammalʾākîm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - to the messengers", "*habbāʾîm*": "article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones coming", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*tōʾmərûn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you shall say", "*ləʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to men of", "*yābēš*": "proper noun - Jabesh", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun - Gilead", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*tihyeh-lākem*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - it will be to you", "*təšûʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deliverance", "*kəḥōm*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when the heat of", "*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, common singular - the sun", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*hammalʾākîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the messengers", "*wayyaggîdû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they told", "*ləʾanšê*": "preposition + construct plural of *ʾîš* - to men of", "*wayyiśmāḥû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they rejoiced" }, "variants": { "*təšûʿâ*": "deliverance/salvation/victory", "*ḥōm haššāmeš*": "heat of the sun/when the sun is hot/by noon" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.10", "source": "וַֽיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יָבֵ֔ישׁ מָחָ֖ר נֵצֵ֣א אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָּ֔נוּ כְּכָל־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶֽם", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* *ʾanšê* *yābēš* tomorrow *māḥār* *nēṣēʾ* to you and *waʿăśîtem* to us like all the *haṭṭôb* in *bəʿênêkem*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*yābēš*": "proper noun - Jabesh", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*nēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will come out", "*waʿăśîtem*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall do", "*haṭṭôb*": "article + adjective, masculine singular - the good", "*bəʿênêkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your eyes" }, "variants": { "*kəkol-haṭṭôb bəʿênêkem*": "according to all that is good in your eyes/whatever seems good to you" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַיָּ֨שֶׂם שָׁא֣וּל אֶת־הָעָם֮ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁים֒ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ בְתוֹךְ־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ בְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־עַמּ֖וֹן עַד־חֹ֣ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיְהִ֤י הַנִּשְׁאָרִים֙ וַיָּפֻ֔צוּ וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁאֲרוּ־בָ֖ם שְׁנַ֥יִם יָֽחַד", "text": "And *wayəhî* from *mimmāḥŏrāt* and *wayyāśem* *šāʾûl* *ʾet-hāʿām* *šəlōšâ* *rāʾšîm* and *wayyābōʾû* into *bətôk-hammaḥăneh* in *bəʾašmōret* the *habbōqer* and *wayyakkû* *ʾet-ʿammôn* until *ʿad-ḥōm* the *hayyôm* and *wayəhî* the *hanniš'ārîm* and *wayyāpuṣû* and not *wəlōʾ* *niš'ărû-bām* two *šənayim* together *yāḥad*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - from the next day", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he placed", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*šəlōšâ*": "cardinal number, feminine - three", "*rāʾšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heads/divisions", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*bətôk-hammaḥăneh*": "preposition + construct of *tāwek* + article + noun, masculine singular - into the midst of the camp", "*bəʾašmōret*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the watch of", "*habbōqer*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the morning", "*wayyakkû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they struck", "*ʾet-ʿammôn*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Ammon", "*ʿad-ḥōm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - until the heat of", "*hayyôm*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hanniš'ārîm*": "article + Niphal participle masculine plural - the ones remaining", "*wayyāpuṣû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they scattered", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*niš'ărû-bām*": "Niphal perfect 3rd common plural + preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - remained among them", "*šənayim*": "cardinal number, masculine dual - two", "*yāḥad*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "on the next day/on the following day", "*šəlōšâ rāʾšîm*": "three divisions/three companies", "*ʾašmōret habbōqer*": "morning watch (last part of night before dawn)", "*ḥōm hayyôm*": "heat of the day/midday/noon" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָעָם֙ אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל מִ֣י הָאֹמֵ֔ר שָׁא֖וּל יִמְלֹ֣ךְ עָלֵ֑ינוּ תְּנ֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וּנְמִיתֵֽם", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *hāʿām* to *ʾel-šəmûʾēl* who *mî* the *hāʾōmēr* *šāʾûl* *yimlōk* over us *tənû* the *hāʾănāšîm* and *ûnəmîtēm*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*hāʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾel-šəmûʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Samuel", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*hāʾōmēr*": "article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one saying", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yimlōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will reign", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - over us", "*tənû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - give", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the men", "*ûnəmîtēm*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and we will put them to death" }, "variants": { "*mî hāʾōmēr*": "who is the one saying/who said", "*tənû hāʾănāšîm*": "give us the men/hand over the men" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל לֹֽא־יוּמַ֥ת אִ֖ישׁ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֥י הַיּ֛וֹם עָשָֽׂה־יְהוָ֥ה תְּשׁוּעָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* not *lōʾ-yûmat* *ʾîš* in the *bayyôm* this *hazzeh* because *kî* the *hayyôm* *ʿāśâ-yhwh* *təšûʿâ* in *bəyiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*lōʾ-yûmat*": "negative particle + Hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall not be put to death", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hazzeh*": "article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*hayyôm*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ʿāśâ-yhwh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + divine name - YHWH has made", "*təšûʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deliverance", "*bəyiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ-yûmat ʾîš*": "no man shall be put to death", "*təšûʿâ*": "deliverance/salvation/victory" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם לְכ֖וּ וְנֵלְכָ֣ה הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וּנְחַדֵּ֥שׁ שָׁ֖ם הַמְּלוּכָֽה", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šəmûʾēl* to the *ʾel-hāʿām* go *ləkû* and *wənēləkâ* the *haggilgāl* and *ûnəḥaddēš* there *šām* the *hamməlûkâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - to the people", "*ləkû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - go", "*wənēləkâ*": "waw conjunction + Qal cohortative 1st person plural - and let us go", "*haggilgāl*": "article + proper noun - the Gilgal", "*ûnəḥaddēš*": "waw conjunction + Piel cohortative 1st person plural - and let us renew", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hamməlûkâ*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the kingdom" }, "variants": { "*ləkû wənēləkâ*": "come, let us go (idiom)", "*ḥādaš*": "renew/make new/restore", "*məlûkâ*": "kingship/kingdom/royal power" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.11.15", "source": "וַיֵּלְכ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל וַיַּמְלִכוּ֩ שָׁ֨ם אֶת־שָׁא֜וּל לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֛ם זְבָחִ֥ים שְׁלָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֨ח שָׁ֥ם שָׁא֛וּל וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־מְאֹֽד", "text": "And *wayyēləkû* all the *kol-hāʿām* the *haggilgāl* and *wayyamlikû* there *šām* *ʾet-šāʾûl* before *lipnê* *yhwh* in the *baggilgāl* and *wayyizbəḥû-šām* *zəbāḥîm* *šəlāmîm* before *lipnê* *yhwh* and *wayyiśmaḥ* there *šām* *šāʾûl* and all *wəkol-ʾanšê* *yiśrāʾēl* until very *ʿad-məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*wayyēləkû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*kol-hāʿām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + article + noun, masculine singular - all the people", "*haggilgāl*": "article + proper noun - the Gilgal", "*wayyamlikû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they made king", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-šāʾûl*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Saul", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct of *pānîm* - before", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH", "*baggilgāl*": "preposition + article + proper noun - in the Gilgal", "*wayyizbəḥû-šām*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + adverb - and they sacrificed there", "*zəbāḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sacrifices", "*šəlāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peace offerings", "*wayyiśmaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he rejoiced", "*wəkol-ʾanšê*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + construct plural of *ʾîš* - and all men of", "*ʿad-məʾōd*": "preposition + adverb - until very much" }, "variants": { "*zəbāḥîm šəlāmîm*": "peace offerings/fellowship offerings/communion sacrifices", "*lipnê yhwh*": "before YHWH/in the presence of the LORD", "*ʿad-məʾōd*": "exceedingly/greatly/very much" } }
  • 2 Sam 10:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.1", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיָּ֕מָת מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ חָנ֥וּן בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* *ʾaḥărê-kēn* and *wayyāmāt* *melek* *bənê* *ʿammôn* and *wayyimlōk* *ḥānûn* *bənô* *taḥtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*ʾaḥărê-kēn*": "preposition with demonstrative - after this/afterward", "*wayyāmāt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he died", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*wayyimlōk*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he reigned/became king", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*bənô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his son", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - in his place/instead of him" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it came to pass/happened", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/people of" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶעֱשֶׂה־חֶ֣סֶד ׀ עִם־חָנ֣וּן בֶּן־נָחָ֗שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ עָשָׂ֨ה אָבִ֤יו עִמָּדִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח דָּוִ֧ד לְנַחֲמ֛וֹ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֶל־אָבִ֑יו וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed* with-*ḥānûn* *ben-nāḥāš* as *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ʾābîw* with me *ḥesed* and *wayyišlaḥ* *dāwid* to-*nəḥămô* by-*yad-ʿăbādāyw* to-*ʾābîw* and *wayyābōʾû* *ʿabdê* *dāwid* *ʾereṣ* *bənê* *ʿammôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*ʾeʿĕśeh-ḥesed*": "qal imperfect 1cs with direct object - I will show kindness", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*ben-nāḥāš*": "construct phrase - son of Nahash", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction - as, just as", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/showed", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his father", "*ʿimmādî*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - with me", "*ḥesed*": "masculine singular noun - kindness/loyalty/favor", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*nəḥămô*": "piel infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - to comfort him", "*yad-ʿăbādāyw*": "construct phrase with 3ms suffix - by the hand of his servants", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his father", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they came/entered", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ḥesed*": "kindness/loyalty/favor/covenant faithfulness", "*nəḥămô*": "to comfort him/to console him" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.3", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֜וֹן אֶל־חָנ֣וּן אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים הֲ֠לוֹא בַּעֲב֞וּר חֲק֤וֹר אֶת־הָעִיר֙ וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ שָׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* *śārê* *bənê-ʿammôn* to-*ḥānûn* *ʾădōnêhem* ?*haməkabbēd* *dāwid* *ʾet-ʾābîkā* in-*ʿênêkā* because-*kî-šālaḥ* to-you *mənaḥămîm* ?*hălôʾ* for-*baʿăbûr* *ḥăqôr* *ʾet-hāʿîr* and-to-*ləraggəlāh* and-to-*ləhāpkāh* *šālaḥ* *dāwid* *ʾet-ʿăbādāyw* to-you.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they said", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*bənê-ʿammôn*": "construct phrase - sons/children of Ammon", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*ʾădōnêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their lord", "*haməkabbēd*": "interrogative prefix with piel participle ms - Is [David] honoring?", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*ʾet-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker with masculine singular noun with 2ms suffix - your father", "*ʿênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2ms suffix - in your eyes/opinion", "*kî-šālaḥ*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3ms - because he sent", "*mənaḥămîm*": "piel participle mp - comforters", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/in order to", "*ḥăqôr*": "qal infinitive absolute - to search/investigate", "*ʾet-hāʿîr*": "direct object marker with definite article and feminine singular noun - the city", "*ləraggəlāh*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct with 3fs suffix - to spy it out", "*ləhāpkāh*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3fs suffix - to overthrow it", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he sent", "*ʾet-ʿăbādāyw*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix - his servants", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2ms suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*haməkabbēd*": "Is [David] honoring?/Is [David] showing respect?", "*ḥăqôr*": "to search/to investigate/to explore", "*ləraggəlāh*": "to spy it out/to scout it", "*ləhāpkāh*": "to overthrow it/to overturn it/to destroy it" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.4", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *ḥānûn* *ʾet-ʿabdê* *dāwid* and *wayəgallaḥ* *ʾet-ḥăṣî* *zəqānām* and *wayyikrōt* *ʾet-madwêhem* in-the-*baḥēṣî* until *ʿad* *šətôtêhem* and *wayšalləḥēm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he took/seized", "*ḥānûn*": "proper name - Hanun", "*ʾet-ʿabdê*": "direct object marker with masculine plural construct - servants of", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayəgallaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with piel imperfect 3ms - and he shaved", "*ʾet-ḥăṣî*": "direct object marker with masculine singular construct - half of", "*zəqānām*": "masculine singular noun with 3mp suffix - their beard", "*wayyikrōt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he cut off", "*ʾet-madwêhem*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their garments", "*baḥēṣî*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular - in the middle", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*šətôtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their buttocks", "*wayšalləḥēm*": "waw-consecutive with piel imperfect 3ms with 3mp suffix - and he sent them away" }, "variants": { "*wayəgallaḥ*": "and he shaved/and he cut off", "*madwêhem*": "their garments/their clothes", "*šətôtêhem*": "their buttocks/their sitting parts" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.5", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּֽי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַד־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyaggîdû* to-*dāwid* and *wayyišlaḥ* to-*liqrāʾtām* for-*kî-hāyû* the-*hāʾănāšîm* *niklāmîm* very and *wayyōʾmer* the-*hammelek* stay *šəbû* in-*bîrēḥô* until-*ʿad-yəṣammaḥ* *zəqankkem* and *wəšabtem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaggîdû*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they told/reported", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*liqrāʾtām*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct with 3mp suffix - to meet them", "*kî-hāyû*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3mp - because they were", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the men", "*niklāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - being humiliated/ashamed", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the king", "*šəbû*": "qal imperative mp - stay/remain", "*bîrēḥô*": "preposition with proper name - in Jericho", "*ʿad-yəṣammaḥ*": "preposition with qal imperfect 3ms - until it grows", "*zəqankkem*": "masculine singular noun with 2mp suffix - your beard", "*wəšabtem*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect 2mp - and [then] you shall return" }, "variants": { "*niklāmîm*": "humiliated/ashamed/embarrassed", "*yəṣammaḥ*": "grows/sprouts" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.6", "source": "וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ בְּדָוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֡וֹן וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩ אֶת־אֲרַ֨ם בֵּית־רְח֜וֹב וְאֶת־אֲרַ֣ם צוֹבָ֗א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י וְאֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ מַֽעֲכָה֙ אֶ֣לֶף אִ֔ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ ט֔וֹב שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyirʾû* *bənê* *ʿammôn* that *kî* *nibʾăšû* against-*bədāwid* and *wayyišləḥû* *bənê-ʿammôn* and *wayyiśkərû* *ʾet-ʾăram* *bêt-rəḥôb* and *ʾet-ʾăram* *ṣôbāʾ* twenty *ʿeśrîm* thousand *ʾelep* *raglî* and *ʾet-melek* *maʿăkāh* one thousand *ʾelep* *ʾîš* and *ʾîš* *ṭôb* twelve *šənêm-ʿāśār* thousand *ʾelep* *ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyirʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they saw", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*nibʾăšû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they made themselves odious/offensive", "*bədāwid*": "preposition with proper name - against David", "*wayyišləḥû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they sent", "*bənê-ʿammôn*": "construct phrase - sons/children of Ammon", "*wayyiśkərû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they hired", "*ʾet-ʾăram*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram", "*bêt-rəḥôb*": "construct phrase - Beth-rehob", "*ʾet-ʾăram*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram", "*ṣôbāʾ*": "proper name - Zobah", "*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*raglî*": "masculine singular adjective - foot soldiers", "*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker with masculine singular construct - king of", "*maʿăkāh*": "proper name - Maacah", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men of", "*ṭôb*": "proper name - Tob", "*šənêm-ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - twelve", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men" }, "variants": { "*nibʾăšû*": "they made themselves odious/they became a stench/they became offensive", "*raglî*": "foot soldiers/infantry" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.7", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִ֑ד וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַצָּבָ֖א הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *dāwid* and *wayyišlaḥ* *ʾet-yôʾāb* and *wəʾēt* all-*kol-haṣṣābāʾ* the-*haggibōrîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*ʾet-yôʾāb*": "direct object marker with proper name - Joab", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker - and", "*kol-haṣṣābāʾ*": "construct with definite article and masculine singular noun - all the army", "*haggibōrîm*": "definite article with masculine plural adjective - the mighty men" }, "variants": { "*haggibōrîm*": "the mighty men/the warriors/the valiant men" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.8", "source": "וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה פֶּ֣תַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַאֲרַ֨ם צוֹבָ֤א וּרְחוֹב֙ וְאִֽישׁ־ט֣וֹב וּמַֽעֲכָ֔ה לְבַדָּ֖ם בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyēṣəʾû* *bənê* *ʿammôn* and *wayyaʿarkû* *milḥāmāh* *petaḥ* the-*haššāʿar* and *waʾăram* *ṣôbāʾ* and-*ûrəḥôb* and-*wəʾîš-ṭôb* and-*ûmaʿăkāh* *ləbaddām* in-the-*baśśādeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they came out", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*wayyaʿarkû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war", "*petaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - entrance of", "*haššāʿar*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the gate", "*waʾăram*": "conjunction with proper name - and Aram", "*ṣôbāʾ*": "proper name - Zobah", "*ûrəḥôb*": "conjunction with proper name - and Rehob", "*wəʾîš-ṭôb*": "conjunction with construct phrase - and men of Tob", "*ûmaʿăkāh*": "conjunction with proper name - and Maacah", "*ləbaddām*": "preposition with noun with 3mp suffix - by themselves/alone", "*baśśādeh*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular noun - in the field" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿarkû*": "they arranged/they set in order/they drew up in battle array", "*ləbaddām*": "by themselves/alone/separately" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.9", "source": "וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹאָ֗ב כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִפָּנִ֖ים וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹר וַיִּבְחַ֗ר מִכֹּל֙ בְּחוּרֵ֣י *בישראל **יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ לִקְרַ֥את אֲרָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyarʾ* *yôʾāb* that-*kî-hāyətāh* to-him *ʾēlāyw* *pənê* the-*hammilḥāmāh* from-front *mippānîm* and-from-behind *ûmēʾāḥôr* and *wayyibḥar* from-all *mikkōl* *bəḥûrê* *yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyaʿărōk* toward *liqraʾt* *ʾărām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he saw", "*yôʾāb*": "proper name - Joab", "*kî-hāyətāh*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3fs - that it was", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - to him/against him", "*pənê*": "masculine plural construct - face of/front of", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the battle", "*mippānîm*": "preposition with masculine plural noun - from the front", "*ûmēʾāḥôr*": "conjunction with preposition with masculine singular noun - and from behind", "*wayyibḥar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he chose", "*mikkōl*": "preposition with masculine singular - from all", "*bəḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct - chosen men of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*wayyaʿărōk*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he arranged/set in order", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to meet/against", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram" }, "variants": { "*pənê hammilḥāmāh*": "front of the battle/battle lines", "*bəḥûrê*": "chosen men/elite soldiers/select men" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.10", "source": "וְאֵת֙ יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם נָתַ֕ן בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשַׁ֣י אָחִ֑יו וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֕ךְ לִקְרַ֖את בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wəʾēt* *yeter* the-*hāʿām* *nātan* in-hand *bəyad* *ʾabšay* *ʾāḥîw* and *wayyaʿărōk* toward *liqraʾt* *bənê* *ʿammôn*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker - and", "*yeter*": "masculine singular construct - remainder of", "*hāʿām*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the people", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3ms - he gave/placed", "*bəyad*": "preposition with feminine singular construct - in the hand of", "*ʾabšay*": "proper name - Abishai", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his brother", "*wayyaʿărōk*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he arranged/set in order", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to meet/against", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*yeter*": "remainder/rest", "*wayyaʿărōk*": "and he arranged/and he set in battle array" } } 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִם־תֶּחֱזַ֤ק אֲרָם֙ מִמֶּ֔נִּי וְהָיִ֥תָה לִּ֖י לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה וְאִם־בְּנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ יֶחֱזְק֣וּ מִמְּךָ֔ וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַֽ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* if-*ʾim-teḥĕzaq* *ʾărām* from-me *mimmennî* and *wəhāyîtāh* to-me *lî* for-*lîšûʿāh* and if-*wəʾim-bənê* *ʿammôn* *yeḥĕzəqû* from-you *mimmekā* and *wəhālaktî* to-*ləhôšîaʿ* to-you.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾim-teḥĕzaq*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3fs - if they are stronger than", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram", "*mimmennî*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - than me", "*wəhāyîtāh*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect 2ms - then you shall be", "*lî*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - to me", "*lîšûʿāh*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - for salvation/help", "*wəʾim-bənê*": "conjunction with conditional particle with masculine plural construct - and if sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*yeḥĕzəqû*": "qal imperfect 3mp - they are stronger than", "*mimmekā*": "preposition with 2ms suffix - than you", "*wəhālaktî*": "waw-consecutive with qal perfect 1cs - then I will go", "*ləhôšîaʿ*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct - to save/help", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2ms suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*teḥĕzaq*": "is stronger than/prevails over", "*lîšûʿāh*": "for salvation/for help/for deliverance", "*ləhôšîaʿ*": "to save/to help/to deliver" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.12", "source": "חֲזַ֤ק וְנִתְחַזַּק֙ בְּעַד־עַמֵּ֔נוּ וּבְעַ֖ד עָרֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָ֔ה יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינָֽיו׃", "text": "Be strong *ḥăzaq* and let us show ourselves strong *wənitḥazzaq* for-*bəʿad-ʿammēnû* and for-*ûbəʿad* cities-of *ʿārê* our-God *ʾĕlōhênû* and *wayhwh* let him do *yaʿăśeh* the-good *haṭṭôb* in-his-eyes *bəʿênāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ḥăzaq*": "qal imperative ms - be strong", "*wənitḥazzaq*": "waw-conjunction with hithpael imperfect 1cp cohortative - and let us strengthen ourselves", "*bəʿad-ʿammēnû*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 1cp suffix - for our people", "*ûbəʿad*": "conjunction with preposition - and for", "*ʿārê*": "feminine plural construct - cities of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1cp suffix - our God", "*wayhwh*": "conjunction with divine name - and YHWH", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms jussive - may he do/let him do", "*haṭṭôb*": "definite article with masculine singular adjective - the good", "*bəʿênāyw*": "preposition with feminine dual noun with 3ms suffix - in his eyes" }, "variants": { "*ḥăzaq*": "be strong/be courageous", "*wənitḥazzaq*": "let us strengthen ourselves/let us be courageous", "*bəʿad*": "for/on behalf of" } } 13 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.13", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֣שׁ יוֹאָ֗ב וְהָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בּֽ͏ַאֲרָ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyiggaš* *yôʾāb* and-the-people *wəhāʿām* who *ʾăšer* with-him *ʿimmô* to-the-battle *lammilḥāmāh* against-*baʾărām* and *wayyānusû* from-his-presence *mippānāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiggaš*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he drew near/approached", "*yôʾāb*": "proper name - Joab", "*wəhāʿām*": "conjunction with definite article and masculine singular noun - and the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - with him", "*lammilḥāmāh*": "preposition with definite article and feminine singular noun - to the battle", "*baʾărām*": "preposition with proper name - against Aram", "*wayyānusû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled", "*mippānāyw*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 3ms suffix - from his presence/from before him" }, "variants": { "*wayyiggaš*": "and he approached/and he advanced/and he drew near", "*mippānāyw*": "from before him/from his presence" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.14", "source": "וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֤וֹן רָאוּ֙ כִּי־נָ֣ס אֲרָ֔ם וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י אֲבִישַׁ֔י וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֣שָׁב יוֹאָ֗ב מֵעַל֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּבֹ֖א יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And *ûbənê* *ʿammôn* *rāʾû* that-*kî-nās* *ʾărām* and *wayyānusû* from-before *mippənê* *ʾăbîšay* and *wayyābōʾû* the-city *hāʿîr* and *wayyāšāb* *yôʾāb* from-against *mēʿal* *bənê* *ʿammôn* and *wayyābōʾ* *yərûšālā͏im*.", "grammar": { "*ûbənê*": "conjunction with masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they saw", "*kî-nās*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3ms - that had fled", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram", "*wayyānusû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled", "*mippənê*": "preposition with masculine plural construct - from before", "*ʾăbîšay*": "proper name - Abishai", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they entered", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the city", "*wayyāšāb*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he returned", "*yôʾāb*": "proper name - Joab", "*mēʿal*": "preposition - from against", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*yərûšālā͏im*": "proper name - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*mippənê*": "from before/from the face of", "*mēʿal*": "from against/from upon/from [fighting] against" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.15", "source": "וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֔ם כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖ף לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּאָסְפ֖וּ יָֽחַד׃", "text": "And *wayyarʾ* *ʾărām* that *kî* *niggap* before *lipnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyēʾāspû* together *yāḥad*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he saw", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*niggap*": "niphal perfect 3ms - he was defeated/smitten", "*lipnê*": "preposition with masculine plural construct - before", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*wayyēʾāspû*": "waw-consecutive with niphal imperfect 3mp - and they gathered themselves", "*yāḥad*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*niggap*": "was defeated/was smitten/was struck down", "*wayyēʾāspû*": "they gathered themselves/they assembled" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.16", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר וַיֹּצֵ֤א אֶת־אֲרָם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ חֵילָ֑ם וְשׁוֹבַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *hădadʿezer* and *wayyōṣēʾ* *ʾet-ʾărām* that *ʾăšer* from-across *mēʿēber* the-river *hannāhār* and *wayyābōʾû* *ḥêlām* and *wəšôbak* *śar-ṣəbāʾ* *hădadʿezer* before-them *lipnêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*hădadʿezer*": "proper name - Hadadezer", "*wayyōṣēʾ*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he brought out", "*ʾet-ʾărām*": "direct object marker with proper name - Aram", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*mēʿēber*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - from across", "*hannāhār*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the river", "*wayyābōʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they came", "*ḥêlām*": "proper name or common noun - Helam/their army", "*wəšôbak*": "conjunction with proper name - and Shobach", "*śar-ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct with masculine singular noun - commander of the army", "*hădadʿezer*": "proper name - Hadadezer", "*lipnêhem*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - before them" }, "variants": { "*wayyōṣēʾ*": "and he brought out/and he summoned", "*ḥêlām*": "Helam (place name)/their army/their force", "*śar-ṣəbāʾ*": "commander of the army/army commander" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.17", "source": "וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗ד ס וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ף אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֖א חֵלָ֑אמָה וַיַּעַרְכ֤וּ אֲרָם֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyuggad* to-*dāwid* and *wayyeʾĕsōp* *ʾet-kol-yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyaʿăbōr* *ʾet-hayyardēn* and *wayyābōʾ* *ḥēlāʾmāh* and *wayyaʿarkû* *ʾărām* toward *liqraʾt* *dāwid* and *wayyillāḥămû* with-him *ʿimmô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyuggad*": "waw-consecutive with hophal imperfect 3ms - and it was told", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayyeʾĕsōp*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he gathered", "*ʾet-kol-yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker with construct and proper name - all Israel", "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he crossed over", "*ʾet-hayyardēn*": "direct object marker with definite article and proper name - the Jordan", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*ḥēlāʾmāh*": "proper name - to Helam", "*wayyaʿarkû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they arranged themselves", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to meet/against", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*wayyillāḥămû*": "waw-consecutive with niphal imperfect 3mp - and they fought", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*wayyuggad*": "and it was told/and it was reported", "*wayyaʿarkû*": "and they arranged themselves/and they drew up in battle formation" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.18", "source": "וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָא֛וֹ הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyānās* *ʾărām* from-before *mippənê* *yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyahărōg* *dāwid* from-*mēʾărām* seven *šəbaʿ* hundred *mēʾôt* *rekeb* and-forty *wəʾarbāʿîm* thousand *ʾelep* *pārāšîm* and *wəʾēt* *šôbak* *śar-ṣəbāʾô* *hikkāh* and *wayyāmāt* there *šām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyānās*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he fled", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram", "*mippənê*": "preposition with masculine plural construct - from before", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*wayyahărōg*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he killed", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*mēʾărām*": "preposition with proper name - from Aram", "*šəbaʿ*": "cardinal number - seven", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural - hundred", "*rekeb*": "masculine singular - chariots", "*wəʾarbāʿîm*": "conjunction with cardinal number - and forty", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker - and", "*šôbak*": "proper name - Shobach", "*śar-ṣəbāʾô*": "masculine singular construct with masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - commander of his army", "*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he struck", "*wayyāmāt*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3ms - and he died", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*rekeb*": "chariots/chariot soldiers", "*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.10.19", "source": "וַיִּרְא֨וּ כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֲרָ֔ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ע֖וֹד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyirʾû* all-*kol-hamməlākîm* *ʿabdê* *hădadʿezer* that *kî* *niggəpû* before *lipnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyašlimû* *ʾet-yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyaʿabdûm* and *wayyirʾû* *ʾărām* to-*ləhôšîaʿ* any more *ʿôd* *ʾet-bənê* *ʿammôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyirʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they saw", "*kol-hamməlākîm*": "construct with definite article and masculine plural noun - all the kings", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*hădadʿezer*": "proper name - Hadadezer", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*niggəpû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they were defeated", "*lipnê*": "preposition with masculine plural construct - before", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*wayyašlimû*": "waw-consecutive with hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they made peace with", "*ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker with proper name - Israel", "*wayyaʿabdûm*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp with 3mp suffix - and they served them", "*wayyirʾû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect 3mp - and they feared", "*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram", "*ləhôšîaʿ*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct - to help/save", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/any more", "*ʾet-bənê*": "direct object marker with masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*wayyašlimû*": "they made peace with/they surrendered to", "*wayyirʾû*": "they feared/they were afraid", "*ləhôšîaʿ*": "to help/to save/to deliver" } }
  • Neh 13:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.1", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נִקְרָ֛א בְּסֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְנִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔וֹ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יָב֨וֹא עַמֹּנִ֧י וּמֹאָבִ֛י בִּקְהַ֥ל הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "In *yôm* the *hû'* was *niqrā'* in *sēfer* *Mošeh* in *'oznê* the *'ām*; and was *nimṣā'* *kāṯûḇ* in *bô* that not *yāḇô'* *'ammōnî* and *mō'āḇî* in *qəhal* the *'ĕlōhîm* until *'ôlām*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article prefix - day", "*hû'*": "demonstrative pronoun - that", "*niqrā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was read/called", "*sēfer*": "masculine singular construct - book/scroll of", "*Mošeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*'oznê*": "dual construct noun - ears of", "*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - people", "*nimṣā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was found", "*kāṯûḇ*": "Qal passive participle - written", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*yāḇô'*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*'ammōnî*": "gentilic adjective - Ammonite", "*mō'āḇî*": "gentilic adjective - Moabite", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*niqrā'*": "was read/was called", "*sēfer*": "book/scroll/document", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (plural form used for singular deity)", "*'ôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } } 2 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.2", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֧א קִדְּמ֛וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨ר עָלָ֤יו אֶת־בִּלְעָם֙ לְקַֽלְל֔וֹ וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ הַקְּלָלָ֖ה לִבְרָכָֽה׃", "text": "Because not *qiddəmû* *'eṯ*-*bənê* *Yiśrā'ēl* with *leḥem* and with *mayim*; and *wayyiśkōr* against *'ālāw* *'eṯ*-*Bil'ām* to *qalləlô*, and *wayyahăp̄ōḵ* *'ĕlōhênû* the *qəlālāh* to *bərāḵāh*.", "grammar": { "*qiddəmû*": "Piel perfect 3rd plural - they met/welcomed/came before", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun with definite article prefix - bread/food", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article prefix - water", "*wayyiśkōr*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he hired", "*'ālāw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Bil'ām*": "proper name - Balaam", "*qalləlô*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to curse him", "*wayyahăp̄ōḵ*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he turned", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - curse", "*bərāḵāh*": "feminine singular noun - blessing" }, "variants": { "*qiddəmû*": "met/welcomed/came before/anticipated needs", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "our God (plural form used for singular deity)", "*'ālāw*": "against him/concerning him" } } 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.3", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כְּשָׁמְעָ֣ם אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיַּבְדִּ֥ילוּ כָל־עֵ֖רֶב מִיּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayhî* when *šām'ām* *'eṯ*-the *tôrāh*; and *wayyaḇdîlû* all-*'ēreḇ* from *Yiśrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayhî*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular of *hāyāh* - and it was/came to pass", "*šām'ām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hearing", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*tôrāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - law/instruction", "*wayyaḇdîlû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine plural - and they separated", "*'ēreḇ*": "masculine singular noun - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*'ēreḇ*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture/mixed people", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }
  • Neh 13:23-28 : 23 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.23", "source": "גַּ֣ם ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ *אשדודיות **אַשְׁדֳּדִיּ֔וֹת *עמוניות **עַמֳּנִיּ֖וֹת מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת׃", "text": "Also in the *yāmîm* the *hahēm* *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-the *yəhûdîm* *hōšîbû* *nāšîm* *ʾašdodiyyôt* *ʿammoniyyôt* *môʾăbiyyôt*.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural with preposition and definite article - in the days", "*hahēm*": "demonstrative adjective masculine plural - those", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəhûdîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the Jews", "*hōšîbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they had married/settled", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ashdodite", "*ʿammoniyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ammonite", "*môʾăbiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Moabite" }, "variants": { "*hōšîbû*": "had married/settled/caused to dwell with", "*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "Ashdodite women/women of Ashdod", "*ʿammoniyyôt*": "Ammonite women/women of Ammon", "*môʾăbiyyôt*": "Moabite women/women of Moab" } } 24 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.24", "source": "וּבְנֵיהֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אַשְׁדּוֹדִ֔ית וְאֵינָ֥ם מַכִּירִ֖ים לְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוּדִ֑ית וְכִלְשׁ֖וֹן עַ֥ם וָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *bənêhem* half *mədabbēr* *ʾašdôdît*, and *ʾênām* *makkîrîm* to *dabbēr* *yəhûdît*, and according to *kîləšôn* *ʿam* and *ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*bənêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sons/children", "*mədabbēr*": "Piel participle masculine singular - speaking", "*ʾašdôdît*": "feminine singular - language of Ashdod", "*ʾênām*": "particle of negation with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they were not", "*makkîrîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - knowing/recognizing", "*dabbēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*yəhûdît*": "feminine singular - language of Judah/Jewish", "*kîləšôn*": "masculine singular with preposition - according to language of", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular - people/nation", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular - people/nation" }, "variants": { "*mədabbēr*": "speaking/talking", "*ʾašdôdît*": "language of Ashdod/Ashdodite", "*makkîrîm*": "knowing/recognizing/able", "*yəhûdît*": "language of Judah/Jewish/Hebrew", "*kîləšôn* *ʿam* and *ʿām*": "according to the language of each people/respective languages of various peoples" } } 25 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.25", "source": "וָאָרִ֤יב עִמָּם֙ וָאֲקַֽלְלֵ֔ם וָאַכֶּ֥ה מֵהֶ֛ם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וָֽאֶמְרְטֵ֑ם וָאַשְׁבִּיעֵ֣ם בֵּֽאלֹהִ֗ים אִם־תִּתְּנ֤וּ בְנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ לִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְאִם־תִּשְׂאוּ֙ מִבְּנֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֖ם וְלָכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾārîb* with them and *ʾăqalləlēm* and *ʾakkeh* from them *ʾănāšîm* and *ʾemrəṭēm* and *ʾašbîʿēm* by *ʾĕlōhîm*, 'If-*tittənû* *bənōtêkem* to *bənêhem* and if-*tiśʾû* from *bənōtêhem* to *bənêkem* and to yourselves.'", "grammar": { "*ʾārîb*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I contended", "*ʾăqalləlēm*": "Piel imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I cursed them", "*ʾakkeh*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I struck", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural - men", "*ʾemrəṭēm*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I plucked out their hair", "*ʾašbîʿēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I made them swear", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural with preposition - by God", "*tittənû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will give", "*bənōtêkem*": "feminine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*bənêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sons", "*tiśʾû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will take", "*bənōtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their daughters", "*bənêkem*": "masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons" }, "variants": { "*ʾārîb*": "contended/strove/quarreled", "*ʾăqalləlēm*": "cursed them/reviled them", "*ʾakkeh*": "struck/beat/hit", "*ʾemrəṭēm*": "plucked out their hair/pulled out their hair", "*ʾašbîʿēm*": "made them swear/put them under oath", "*tiśʾû*": "take/carry/lift" } } 26 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.26", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא עַל־אֵ֣לֶּה חָטָֽא־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל וּבַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָרַבִּים֩ לֹֽא־הָיָ֨ה מֶ֜לֶךְ כָּמֹ֗הוּ וְאָה֤וּב לֵֽאלֹהָיו֙ הָיָ֔ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֣הוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מֶ֖לֶךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גַּם־אוֹת֣וֹ הֶחֱטִ֔יאוּ הַנָּשִׁ֖ים הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*hălôʾ* concerning-*ʾēlleh* *ḥāṭāʾ*-*šəlōmōh* *melek* *yiśrāʾēl*? And among the *gôyîm* the *rabbîm* not-*hāyâ* *melek* like him, and *ʾāhûb* to *ʾĕlōhāyw* *hāyâ*, and *yittənēhû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *melek* over-all-*yiśrāʾēl*. Even-him *heḥĕṭîʾû* the *nāšîm* the *nāḵəriyyôt*.", "grammar": { "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - did not?", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun plural - these", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - sinned", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural with definite article and preposition - among the nations", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the many", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was/existed", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*ʾāhûb*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - beloved", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his God", "*yittənēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he made him", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural - God", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*heḥĕṭîʾû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they caused to sin", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural with definite article - the women", "*nāḵəriyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective with definite article - the foreign" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/offended/missed the mark", "*gôyîm*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*ʾāhûb*": "beloved/loved/dear", "*yittənēhû*": "made him/appointed him/gave him", "*heḥĕṭîʾû*": "caused to sin/led astray", "*nāḵəriyyôt*": "foreign/strange/alien" } } 27 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.27", "source": "וְלָכֶ֣ם הֲנִשְׁמַ֗ע לַעֲשֹׂת֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ הזֹּ֔את לִמְעֹ֖ל בֵּֽאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְהֹשִׁ֖יב נָשִׁ֥ים נָכְרִיּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And to-you *hănišmaʿ* to-do *ʾēt* all-*hārāʿāh* *haggədôlāh* this, to-*māʿal* against-*ʾĕlōhênû*, to-*hōšîb* *nāšîm* *nokrîyôt*?", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you", "*hănišmaʿ*": "interrogative particle + niphal infinitive absolute - shall it be heard?", "*laʿăśōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol-hārāʿāh*": "construct chain, 'all of' + definite article + feminine singular noun - all the evil", "*haggədôlāh*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the great", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*liməʿōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to act unfaithfully", "*bēʾlōhênû*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - against our God", "*ləhōšîb*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to dwell/marry", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*nokrîyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - foreign" }, "variants": { "*hănišmaʿ*": "shall it be heard/obeyed/accepted", "*māʿal*": "act unfaithfully/treacherously/commit trespass", "*hōšîb*": "cause to dwell/marry/settle", "*nokrîyôt*": "foreign/strange/alien" } } 28 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.28", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֨י יוֹיָדָ֤ע בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל חָתָ֖ן לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַחֹרֹנִ֑י וָאַבְרִיחֵ֖הוּ מֵעָלָֽי׃", "text": "And-from-*bənê* *yôyādāʿ* *ben*-*ʾelyāšîb* *hakkōhēn* *haggādôl*, *ḥātān* to-*sanballaṭ* *haḥōrōnî*; *wāʾabrîḥēhû* from-*ʿālāy*.", "grammar": { "*û-mib-bənê*": "conjunction + preposition 'from' + masculine plural construct noun - and from the sons of", "*yôyādāʿ*": "proper noun - Joiada", "*ben-ʾelyāšîb*": "construct chain, 'son of' + proper noun - son of Eliashib", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*haggādôl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great/high", "*ḥātān*": "masculine singular noun in construct - son-in-law of", "*lə-sanballaṭ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Sanballat", "*haḥōrōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Horonite", "*wāʾabrîḥēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I drove him away", "*mēʿālāy*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - from upon me/from my presence" }, "variants": { "*ḥātān*": "son-in-law/bridegroom/related by marriage", "*ʾabrîḥēhû*": "drove away/expelled/caused to flee", "*mēʿālāy*": "from upon me/from my presence/from before me" } }
  • Ps 83:4-8 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.4", "source": "עַֽל־עַ֭מְּךָ יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ ס֑וֹד וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ עַל־צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*ʿal-ʿammeḵā* *yaʿărîmû* *sôd* *weyityāʿăṣû* *ʿal-ṣep̄ûnêḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-ʿammeḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2ms suffix - against your people", "*yaʿărîmû*": "3mp Hiphil imperfect - they make crafty/cunning", "*sôd*": "masculine singular noun - secret council/plan", "*weyityāʿăṣû*": "conjunction + 3mp Hithpael imperfect - and they consult together", "*ʿal-ṣep̄ûnêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural passive participle + 2ms suffix - against your hidden/treasured ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿāram*": "be crafty/shrewd/cunning", "*sôd*": "secret council/assembly/plan", "*yāʿaṣ*": "advise/consult/plan together", "*ṣāp̄an*": "hide/treasure/store up" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.5", "source": "אָמְר֗וּ לְ֭כוּ וְנַכְחִידֵ֣ם מִגּ֑וֹי וְלֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֖ר שֵֽׁם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ʾāmerû* *leḵû* *wenaḵḥîdēm* *miggôy* *welōʾ-yizzāḵēr* *šēm-yiśrāʾēl* *ʿôd*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmerû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have said", "*leḵû*": "2mp Qal imperative - come/go", "*wenaḵḥîdēm*": "conjunction + 1cp Hiphil imperfect + 3mp suffix - and let us cut them off", "*miggôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from being a nation", "*welōʾ-yizzāḵēr*": "conjunction + negative particle + 3ms Niphal imperfect - and will not be remembered", "*šēm-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - name of Israel", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore" }, "variants": { "*kāḥad*": "hide/conceal/cut off/destroy", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*zāḵar*": "remember/mention/recall", "*šēm*": "name/reputation" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.6", "source": "כִּ֤י נוֹעֲצ֣וּ לֵ֣ב יַחְדָּ֑ו עָ֝לֶ֗יךָ בְּרִ֣ית יִכְרֹֽתוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *nôʿăṣû* *lēḇ* *yaḥdāw* *ʿālêḵā* *berît* *yiḵrōtû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nôʿăṣû*": "3cp Niphal perfect - they have consulted together", "*lēḇ*": "masculine singular noun - heart/mind", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/unitedly", "*ʿālêḵā*": "preposition + 2ms suffix - against you", "*berît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*yiḵrōtû*": "3mp Qal imperfect - they cut/make" }, "variants": { "*yāʿaṣ*": "advise/consult/plan", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*kārat* *berît*": "cut a covenant (idiom for making an agreement/alliance)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.7", "source": "אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרֽ͏ִים׃", "text": "*ʾohŏlê* *ʾĕdôm* *weyišmeʿēlîm* *môʾāḇ* *wehagˈrîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*weyišmeʿēlîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Ishmaelites", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wehagˈrîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Hagrites" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation descended from Esau)", "*yišmeʿēlîm*": "Ishmaelites (descendants of Ishmael)", "*môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation descended from Lot)", "*hagˈrîm*": "Hagrites (Arabian tribe)" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.8", "source": "גְּבָ֣ל וְ֭עַמּוֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק פְּ֝לֶ֗שֶׁת עִם־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי צֽוֹר׃", "text": "*geḇāl* *weʿammôn* *waʿămālēq* *pelešet* *ʿim-yōšeḇê* *ṣôr*", "grammar": { "*geḇāl*": "proper noun - Gebal", "*weʿammôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ammon", "*waʿămālēq*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Amalek", "*pelešet*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*ʿim-yōšeḇê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct Qal participle - with inhabitants of", "*ṣôr*": "proper noun - Tyre" }, "variants": { "*geḇāl*": "Gebal (region south of Dead Sea or in Lebanon)", "*ʿammôn*": "Ammon (nation descended from Lot)", "*ʿămālēq*": "Amalek (nomadic tribe)", "*pelešet*": "Philistia (coastal region)", "*yāšaḇ*": "dwell/sit/remain", "*ṣôr*": "Tyre (Phoenician city)" } }
  • Isa 11:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.11.14", "source": "וְעָפ֨וּ בְכָתֵ֤ף פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ יָ֔מָּה יַחְדָּ֖ו יָבֹ֣זּוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם אֱד֤וֹם וּמוֹאָב֙ מִשְׁל֣וֹח יָדָ֔ם וּבְנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן מִשְׁמַעְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-'āpû bəkātēp pəlištîm yāmmâ yaḥdāw yābōzzû 'et-bənēy-qedem 'ĕdôm ûmô'āb mišlôaḥ yādām ûbənēy 'ammôn mišma'tām*", "grammar": { "*wə-'āpû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will swoop/fly", "*bəkātēp*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - on shoulder of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*yāmmâ*": "masculine singular noun with directional suffix - seaward/westward", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*yābōzzû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will plunder", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bənēy*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*qedem*": "masculine singular noun - east", "*'ĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*ûmô'āb*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Moab", "*mišlôaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - sending forth/stretching out of", "*yādām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand", "*ûbənēy*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and sons/children of", "*'ammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*mišma'tām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their obedience/subjection" }, "variants": { "*'āpû*": "will swoop/will fly/will pounce", "*kātēp*": "shoulder/slope/side", "*yāmmâ*": "seaward/westward", "*yābōzzû*": "will plunder/will despoil/will take as spoil", "*bənēy*": "sons/children/people", "*qedem*": "east/ancient/former time", "*mišlôaḥ*": "sending forth/stretching out/laying on", "*mišma'tām*": "their obedience/their subjection" } }
  • Zeph 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.9", "source": "לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃", "text": "Therefore *ḥay-ʾānî nəʾum YHWH ṣəḇāʾôth ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl kî-môʾāḇ kisdōm tihyeh ûḇənê ʿammôn kaʿămōrâ mimšaq ḥārûl ûmiḵrē-melaḥ ûšəmāmâ ʿad-ʿôlām šəʾērîth ʿammî yəḇāzzûm wəyeter gôyî yinḥālûm*", "grammar": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "adjective + 1st person singular independent pronoun - as I live", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "noun, masculine plural - of hosts", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî-môʾāḇ*": "conjunction + proper noun - that Moab", "*kisdōm*": "preposition + proper noun - like Sodom", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*kaʿămōrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Gomorrah", "*mimšaq*": "noun, masculine singular - possession of", "*ḥārûl*": "noun, masculine singular - nettles", "*ûmiḵrē-melaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - and pit of salt", "*ûšəmāmâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and desolation", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever", "*šəʾērîth*": "noun, feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will plunder them", "*wəyeter*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and remainder of", "*gôyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my nation", "*yinḥālûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will inherit them" }, "variants": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "of hosts/of armies", "*mimšaq*": "possession/breeding place", "*ḥārûl*": "nettles/weeds/thorns", "*miḵrē-melaḥ*": "pit of salt/salt mine", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "plunder them/spoil them/take as prey", "*yinḥālûm*": "inherit them/possess them/take as possession" } }
  • Deut 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶל־תָּ֙צַר֙ אֶת־מוֹאָ֔ב וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֥ר בָּ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֨ן לְךָ֤ מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֣י לִבְנֵי־ל֔וֹט נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־עָ֖ר יְרֻשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to me *ʾal-tāṣar* *ʾet*-*môʾāb* and *ʾal-titgār* in them *milḥāmāh* *kî* not-*ʾettēn* to you from *ʾarṣô* *yerušāh* *kî* to *binê-lôṭ* *nātattî* *ʾet*-*ʿār* *yerušāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾal-tāṣar*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - do not harass", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾal-titgār*": "negative particle + hithpael imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - do not contend", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - battle/war", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give", "*ʾarṣô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land", "*yerušāh*": "noun feminine singular - possession", "*binê-lôṭ*": "noun masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Lot", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have given", "*ʿār*": "proper noun - Ar", "*yerušāh*": "noun feminine singular - possession" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/stated", "*tāṣar*": "harass/oppress/distress", "*titgār*": "contend with/provoke/engage in conflict", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾettēn*": "will give/grant/allow", "*ʾarṣô*": "his land/territory/country", "*yerušāh*": "possession/inheritance/property", "*nātattî*": "have given/granted/bestowed" } }