Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Hosea.2.13", "source": "‫וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ כָּל־מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּ חַגָּ֖הּ חָדְשָׁ֣הּ וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּ וְכֹ֖ל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃‬", "text": "And *hišbattî* all-*məśôśāh*, *ḥaggāh*, *ḥodšāh* and *šabbattāh*, and all *môʿădāh*.", "grammar": { "*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to cease", "*məśôśāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her joy", "*ḥaggāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her feast", "*ḥodšāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her new moon", "*šabbattāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her sabbath", "*môʿădāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her appointed time" }, "variants": { "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/terminate", "*məśôśāh*": "her joy/rejoicing/mirth", "*ḥaggāh*": "her feast/festival/celebration", "*ḥodšāh*": "her new moon (festival)", "*šabbattāh*": "her sabbath/day of rest", "*môʿădāh*": "her appointed time/festival/assembly" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Jeg vil gjøre slutt på all hennes glede, hennes høytider, hennes nymåner, hennes sabbater og alle hennes festdager.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og jeg vil gjengjelde henne for Baals dager, da hun brente røkelse for dem, og pyntet seg med sine øredobber og smykker, og gikk etter sine elskere og glemte meg, sier Herren.

• Norsk King James

  Og jeg vil besøke henne for den tiden da hun dyrket Baalim, da hun brente røkelse for dem, pyntet seg med sine ører og smykker, gikk etter sine elskere, og glemte meg, sier Herren.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Jeg vil straffe henne for Baal-dagene, da hun brant røkelse, pyntet seg med smykker og halskjeder, og fulgte elskerne sine, men glemte meg, sier Herren.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Jeg vil få slutt på all hennes gledefest, hennes høytider, hennes nymåner og hennes sabbater, ja, alle hennes høytider.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Jeg vil besøke henne for Baalim-dagene, da hun brente røkelse til dem, pyntet seg med øreringer og smykker, og gikk etter sine elskere, og glemte meg, sier Herren.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Jeg vil la henne erfare Baalim sine dager, de tider da hun brente røkelse til dem, prydet seg med øreringer og smykker, fulgte sine elskere og glemte meg, sier HERREN.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Jeg vil besøke henne for Baalim-dagene, da hun brente røkelse til dem, pyntet seg med øreringer og smykker, og gikk etter sine elskere, og glemte meg, sier Herren.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Jeg vil gjøre slutt på all hennes glede, hennes fester, nymåner, sabbater og alle hennes høytider.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  I will put an end to all her celebrations: her feasts, her new moons, her Sabbaths, and all her appointed festivals.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Jeg vil gjøre ende på all hennes glede, hennes høytider, hennes nymåner, hennes sabbater og alle hennes festdager.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og jeg vil hjemsøge over hende Baalims Dage, for hvilke hun gjorde Røgelse, og prydede sig med sit Smykke og sine Halskjæder, og gik efter sine Bolere; men hun forglemte mig, siger Herren.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Jeg vil gjengjelde henne for Baals dagene, da hun brente røkelse for dem, og pyntet seg med sine øreringer og smykker og gikk etter sine elskere, men glemte meg, sier Herren.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And I will punish her for the days of the Baals, when she burned incense to them, and she adorned herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgot me, says the LORD.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Jeg vil straffe henne for Baals dager, da hun brente røkelse til dem, pyntet seg med øredobber og smykker, og gikk etter sine elskere, og glemte meg," sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Jeg vil kreve henne for dagene hun holdt fest for Baalim, da hun brente røkelse, bar ringer og smykker og fulgte etter sine elskere, men meg glemte hun, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Jeg vil straffe henne for hennes Baal-dager, da hun ofret røkelse til dem, pyntet seg med øredobber og smykker, og gikk etter sine elskere, men glemte meg, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og jeg vil tildele henne straff for dagene med Baal, da hun brente røkelse til dem og smykket seg med ringer og smykker, og gikk etter sine elskere, uten å tenke på meg, sier Herren.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  I will punysh her also for the dayes of Baal, wherin she censed him, deckynge him with hir earynges and cheynes: when she folowed hir louers, and forgat me, saieth the LORDE.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And I wil visit vpon her the daies of Baalim, wherein shee burnt incense to them: and shee decked her selfe with her earings and her iewels, and shee folowed her louers, and forgate me, saith the Lorde.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  I wyll visite vpon her the dayes of Baal wherein she burned incense to hym, and decked her selfe with eareringes and iewels, she folowed her louers, and forgate me saith the Lorde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I will visit on her the days of the Baals, To which she burned incense, When she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, And went after her lovers, And forgot me," says Yahweh.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And I have charged on her the days of the Baalim, To whom she maketh perfume, And putteth on her ring and her ornament, And goeth after her lovers, And Me forgat -- an affirmation of Jehovah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I will visit upon her the days of the Baalim, unto which she burned incense, when she decked herself with her ear-rings and her jewels, and went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith Jehovah.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And I will give her punishment for the days of the Baals, to whom she has been burning perfumes, when she made herself fair with her nose-rings and her jewels, and went after her lovers, giving no thought to me, says the Lord.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I will visit on her the days of the Baals, to which she burned incense, when she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and went after her lovers, and forgot me," says Yahweh.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “I will punish her for the festival days when she burned incense to the Baal idols; she adorned herself with earrings and jewelry, and went after her lovers, but she forgot me!” says the LORD.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 11:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.11.2", "source": "קָרְא֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם כֵּ֚ן הָלְכ֣וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם לַבְּעָלִ֣ים יְזַבֵּ֔חוּ וְלַפְּסִלִ֖ים יְקַטֵּרֽוּן׃", "text": "They-*qārəʾû* to-them *kēn* they-*hāləkû* from-*pənêhem* to-the-*Bəʿālîm* they-*yəzabbēḥû* and-to-the-*pəsîlîm* they-*yəqaṭṭērûn*.", "grammar": { "*qārəʾû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person plural - they called", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*hāləkû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person plural - they walked/went", "*min-*": "preposition - from", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces/presence", "*lə-*": "preposition prefix - to/for", "*ha-Bəʿālîm*": "definite article with proper noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*yəzabbēḥû*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person plural - they sacrifice", "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*la-pəsîlîm*": "preposition with definite article and noun, masculine plural - to the carved images/idols", "*yəqaṭṭērûn*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person plural - they burn incense/make offerings" }, "variants": { "*qārəʾû*": "called/summoned/invited", "*hāləkû*": "went/walked/departed", "*pənêhem*": "their presence/their faces/from before them", "*Bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters", "*yəzabbēḥû*": "sacrificed/slaughtered sacrificially", "*pəsîlîm*": "carved images/idols", "*yəqaṭṭērûn*": "burn incense/make offerings by burning" } }
• Judg 3:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Judges.3.7", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶת־הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּשְׁכְּח֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*yaʿăśû* *bĕnê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-the-*hāraʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* and-*yiškĕḥû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* and-*yaʿabdû* *ʾet*-the-*bĕʿālîm* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʾăšērôt*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction + consecutive - and", "*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they did/made", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite adjective, masculine singular - the evil", "*bĕʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wa-yiškĕḥû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forgot", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*wa-yaʿabdû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-bĕʿālîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*wĕ-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hā-ʾăšērôt*": "definite noun, feminine plural - the Asherahs" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăśû*": "did/made/performed", "*hāraʿ*": "evil/wickedness/wrong", "*bĕʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of", "*yiškĕḥû*": "forgot/neglected/abandoned", "*yaʿabdû*": "served/worshiped/worked for", "*bĕʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters", "*ʾăšērôt*": "Asherahs/sacred poles/fertility goddesses" } }
• Jer 7:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.9", "source": "הֲגָנֹ֤ב ׀ רָצֹ֙חַ֙ וְֽנָאֹ֗‪[t]‬ף וְהִשָּׁבֵ֥עַ לַשֶּׁ֖קֶר וְקַטֵּ֣ר לַבָּ֑עַל וְהָלֹ֗ךְ אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "?*gānōb rāṣōaḥ wĕ*-*nāʾōf wĕ*-*hiššābēaʿ* to-the-*šeqer wĕ*-*qaṭṭēr* to-the-*Baʿal wĕ*-*hālōk* after *ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm* which not-*yĕdaʿtem*", "grammar": { "*gānōb*": "Qal infinitive absolute - stealing", "*rāṣōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - murdering", "*nāʾōf*": "Qal infinitive absolute - committing adultery", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*hiššābēaʿ*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - swearing", "*šeqer*": "definite noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*qaṭṭēr*": "Piel infinitive absolute - burning incense", "*Baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal (deity)", "*hālōk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - walking/going", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other/strange", "*yĕdaʿtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you knew" }, "variants": { "*gānōb*": "stealing/theft", "*rāṣōaḥ*": "murdering/killing", "*nāʾōf*": "committing adultery", "*hiššābēaʿ*": "swearing/taking oaths", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*qaṭṭēr*": "burning incense/offering sacrifice", "*Baʿal*": "Baal (deity)", "*hālōk*": "walking/going/following", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*yĕdaʿtem*": "you knew/you have known/you recognize" } }
• Hos 13:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.1", "source": "כְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ רְתֵ֔ת נָשָׂ֥א ה֖וּא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֶּאְשַׁ֥ם בַּבַּ֖עַל וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "When *dabbēr* *ʾep̄rayim* *rᵉtēt* *nāśāʾ* he in *yiśrāʾēl* *wə-* he *ʾāšam* in-the-*baʿal* *wə-* he *mōt*", "grammar": { "*dabbēr*": "infinitive construct, Piel - 'to speak/speaking'", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*rᵉtēt*": "noun, feminine singular - 'trembling/terror'", "*nāśāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'lifted up/carried/bore'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾāšam*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - 'became guilty/offended'", "*baʿal*": "proper noun - name of Canaanite deity", "*mōt*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - 'died'" }, "variants": { "*dabbēr*": "speaking/when speaking", "*rᵉtēt*": "trembling/terror/fear", "*nāśāʾ*": "carried/lifted up/exalted/bore", "*ʾāšam*": "became guilty/incurred guilt/offended/trespassed", "*mōt*": "died/perished/was destroyed" } }
• Hos 13:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.6", "source": "כְּמַרְעִיתָם֙ וַיִּשְׂבָּ֔עוּ שָׂבְע֖וּ וַיָּ֣רָם לִבָּ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן שְׁכֵחֽוּנִי׃", "text": "According-to-*marʿît*-their *wə-* they *śābaʿ* they *śābaʿ* *wə-* *rûm* *lēb*-their *ʿal-kēn* they *šākaḥ*-me", "grammar": { "*marʿît*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their pasture/feeding'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*śābaʿ*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - 'were satisfied/filled'", "*śābaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'were satisfied/filled'", "*rûm*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - 'was lifted up/exalted'", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their heart'", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - 'therefore'", "*šākaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'forgot me'" }, "variants": { "*marʿît*": "pasture/feeding/grazing", "*śābaʿ*": "were satisfied/filled/had enough", "*rûm*": "was lifted up/became proud/was exalted", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*šākaḥ*": "forgot/ignored/neglected" } }
• Exod 32:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.34", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה לֵ֣ךְ ׀ נְחֵ֣ה אֶת־הָעָ֗ם אֶ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ לָ֔ךְ הִנֵּ֥ה מַלְאָכִ֖י יֵלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וּבְי֣וֹם פָּקְדִ֔י וּפָקַדְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם חַטָּאתָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *lēḵ* *nəḥēh* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾel* *ʾăšer*-*dibbartî* *lāḵ* *hinnēh* *malʾāḵî* *yēlēḵ* *lə-p̄ānêḵā* *û-ḇ-yôm* *pāqḏî* *û-p̄āqaḏtî* *ʿălêhem* *ḥaṭṭāʾṯām*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*lēḵ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*nəḥēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - lead", "*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿām*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾel* *ʾăšer*-*dibbartî*": "preposition + relative pronoun + Piel perfect, 1st singular - to [the place] which I spoke", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*malʾāḵî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my messenger/angel", "*yēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go", "*lə-p̄ānêḵā*": "preposition + noun, plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - before you", "*û-ḇ-yôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and in the day", "*pāqḏî*": "Qal infinitive construct + 1st singular suffix - of my visiting", "*û-p̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st singular - I will visit", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sin" }, "variants": { "*nəḥēh*": "lead/guide/bring", "*dibbartî*": "I spoke/I promised/I commanded", "*malʾāḵî*": "my messenger/my angel/my representative", "*pāqḏî*": "my visiting/my punishing/my attending to", "*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will visit/I will punish/I will attend to" } }
• Deut 6:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.6.12", "source": "הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצִֽיאֲךָ֛ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים", "text": "*Hiššāmer* to-you lest-*tiškkaḥ* *ʾet*-*YHWH* which *hôṣîʾăkā* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* from-*bêt* *ʿăbādîm*", "grammar": { "*hiššāmer*": "Niphal imperative, masculine singular - be careful/beware", "*lĕkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to yourself", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*tiškkaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you forget", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*hôṣîʾăkā*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he brought you out", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun, construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mi-bêt*": "preposition + masculine singular noun, construct - from house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun - slaves/servants" }, "variants": { "*hiššāmer*": "be careful/beware/guard yourself", "*tiškkaḥ*": "you forget/you neglect", "*hôṣîʾăkā*": "he brought you out/he led you forth", "*bêt*": "house/place/household", "*ʿăbādîm*": "slaves/bondage/servitude" } }
• Deut 8:11-14 : 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.11", "source": "הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֔ פֶּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְבִלְתִּ֨י שְׁמֹ֤ר מִצְוֺתָיו֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*Hiššāmer* to-you lest-*tiškaḥ* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-not *šəmōr* *mitsvōtāyw* and-*mišpāṭāyw* and-*ḥuqqōtāyw* which *ʾānōkî* *metsawwəkā* the-*yôm*.", "grammar": { "*Hiššāmer*": "Niphal imperative masculine singular - beware/be careful", "*tiškaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forget", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*šəmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to keep", "*mitsvōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his commandments", "*mišpāṭāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his judgments", "*ḥuqqōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*ʾānōkî*": "first person singular independent pronoun - I", "*metsawwəkā*": "Piel participle with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - commanding you", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day" }, "variants": { "*Hiššāmer*": "beware/be careful/take heed", "*tiškaḥ*": "you forget/neglect", "*šəmōr*": "to keep/observe/guard", "*mitsvōtāyw*": "his commandments/precepts", "*mišpāṭāyw*": "his judgments/ordinances/laws", "*ḥuqqōtāyw*": "his statutes/decrees", "*metsawwəkā*": "commanding you/ordering you" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.12", "source": "פֶּן־תֹּאכַ֖ל וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבָתִּ֥ים טוֹבִ֛ים תִּבְנֶ֖ה וְיָשָֽׁבְתָּ׃", "text": "Lest-*tōʾkal* and-*śābāʿtā* and-*bāttîm* *ṭôbîm* *tibneh* and-*yāšābtā*.", "grammar": { "*tōʾkal*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you eat", "*śābāʿtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you are satisfied", "*bāttîm*": "masculine plural noun - houses", "*ṭôbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good", "*tibneh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you build", "*yāšābtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you dwell" }, "variants": { "*tōʾkal*": "you eat/consume", "*śābāʿtā*": "you are satisfied/are full", "*bāttîm*": "houses/dwellings", "*ṭôbîm*": "good/pleasant/fine/beautiful", "*tibneh*": "you build/construct", "*yāšābtā*": "you dwell/settle/inhabit/sit" } } 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.13", "source": "וּבְקָֽרְךָ֤ וְצֹֽאנְךָ֙ יִרְבְּיֻ֔ן וְכֶ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב יִרְבֶּה־לָּ֑ךְ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ יִרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*bəqārəkā* and-*tsōʾnəkā* *yirbəyūn* and-*kesef* and-*zāhāb* *yirbeh*-to-you and-all which-to-you *yirbeh*.", "grammar": { "*bəqārəkā*": "masculine singular collective noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your herd", "*tsōʾnəkā*": "feminine singular collective noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your flock", "*yirbəyūn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they multiply", "*kesef*": "masculine singular noun - silver", "*zāhāb*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*yirbeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it multiplies" }, "variants": { "*bəqārəkā*": "your herd/cattle/oxen", "*tsōʾnəkā*": "your flock/sheep/goats", "*yirbəyūn*": "they multiply/increase/become many", "*kesef*": "silver/money", "*zāhāb*": "gold", "*yirbeh*": "multiplies/increases/becomes many" } } 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.14", "source": "וְרָ֖ם לְבָבֶ֑ךָ וְשָֽׁכַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ֛ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים׃", "text": "And-*rām* *ləbābekā* and-*šākaḥtā* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* the-*môtsîʾăkā* from-*ʾerets* *mitsrayim* from-*bêt* *ʿăbādîm*.", "grammar": { "*rām*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it is lifted up", "*ləbābekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*šākaḥtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forget", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*môtsîʾăkā*": "Hiphil participle with 2nd person masculine singular suffix with definite article - the one bringing you out", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular noun - land", "*mitsrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun - slaves" }, "variants": { "*rām*": "is lifted up/exalted/becomes proud", "*ləbābekā*": "your heart/mind/inner person", "*šākaḥtā*": "you forget/neglect/ignore", "*môtsîʾăkā*": "bringing you out/leading you out", "*ʾerets*": "land/country/territory", "*mitsrayim*": "Egypt", "*bêt*": "house of/dwelling of/place of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "slaves/servants/bondmen" } }
• Deut 32:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.18", "source": "צ֥וּר יְלָדְךָ֖ תֶּ֑שִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֵ֥ל מְחֹלְלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ṣûr* *yəlādəḵā* *tešî* *wattiškaḥ* *ʾēl* *məḥōleleḵā*", "grammar": { "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*yəlādəḵā*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who begot you", "*tešî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forgot/neglected", "*wattiškaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you forgot", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*məḥōleleḵā*": "Polel participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who gave you birth" }, "variants": { "*ṣûr yəlādəḵā*": "rock who begot you/rock who fathered you", "*tešî*": "you forgot/you neglected/you were unmindful", "*wattiškaḥ*": "and you forgot/and you ignored/and you were unmindful", "*ʾēl məḥōleleḵā*": "God who gave you birth/God who brought you forth/God who formed you" } }
• Judg 2:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Judges.2.11", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû* *bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* and-*wayyaʿaḇəḏû* *ʾet*-the-*Bəʿālîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*raʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the evil", "*ʿênê*": "dual construct - eyes of", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*Bəʿālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Baals" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "they did/made/performed", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*ʿênê*": "eyes of/sight of/presence of", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "they served/worshipped", "*Bəʿālîm*": "Baals/multiple local manifestations of Baal" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.2.12", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֞וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֗ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַיֵּלְכ֞וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים מֵאֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיַּכְעִ֖סוּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿazḇû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʾăḇôtām* the-*hammôṣîʾ* them from-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* and-*wayyēləḵû* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* from-*ʾĕlōhê* the-*ʿammîm* which *səḇîḇôtêhem* and-*wayyištaḥăwû* to-them and-*wayyaḵʿisû* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forsook", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*wayyēləḵû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the peoples", "*səḇîḇôtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their surroundings", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down", "*wayyaḵʿisû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they provoked" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/gods of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "their fathers/ancestors", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "who brought out/who led out", "*wayyēləḵû*": "they went/walked/followed", "*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*səḇîḇôtêhem*": "their surroundings/around them", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped", "*wayyaḵʿisû*": "they provoked/angered/vexed" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.2.13", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ לַבַּ֖עַל וְלָעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿazḇû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* and-*wayyaʿaḇəḏû* to-the-*Baʿal* and-to-the-*ʿAštārôt*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forsook", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*Baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal", "*ʿAštārôt*": "proper noun, feminine plural - Ashtaroth" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "they served/worshipped", "*Baʿal*": "a Canaanite deity, 'lord/master'", "*ʿAštārôt*": "Canaanite fertility goddesses/female deities" } }
• Jer 11:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.11.13", "source": "כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמִסְפַּ֞ר חֻצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם שַׂמְתֶּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹת֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְקַטֵּ֥ר לַבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "For *mispar* *ʿāreykā* *hāyû* *ʾĕlōheykā* *yĕhûdāh*, and-*mispar* *ḥuṣôt* *yĕrûšālaim* *śamtem* *mizbĕḥôt* to-*bōšet*, *mizbĕḥôt* to-*qattēr* to-*baʿal*.", "grammar": { "*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*ʿāreykā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your cities", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they were", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gods", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*ḥuṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - streets of", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*śamtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you set up", "*mizbĕḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural - altars", "*bōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - shameful thing", "*mizbĕḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural - altars", "*qattēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - to burn incense", "*baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal" }, "variants": { "*mispar*": "number/amount/quantity", "*hāyû*": "they were/have become/exist", "*bōšet*": "shameful thing/shame/disgrace (euphemism for Baal)", "*qattēr*": "to burn incense/offer sacrifice/make offerings" } }
• Jer 18:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.18.15", "source": "כִּֽי־שְׁכֵחֻ֥נִי עַמִּ֖י לַשָּׁ֣וְא יְקַטֵּ֑רוּ וַיַּכְשִׁל֤וּם בְּדַרְכֵיהֶם֙ שְׁבִילֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם לָלֶ֣כֶת נְתִיב֔וֹת דֶּ֖רֶךְ לֹ֥א סְלוּלָֽה׃", "text": "For *šĕkēḥunî* my *ʿammî*, to the *šāwĕʾ* they *yĕqaṭṭērû*, and they *wayyakšilûm* in their ways, *šĕbîlê* *ʿôlām*, to *lāleket* *nĕtîbôt*, *derek* not *sĕlûlāh*", "grammar": { "*šĕkēḥunî*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they have forgotten me", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*šāwĕʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - the worthlessness/vanity", "*yĕqaṭṭērû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they burn incense/sacrifice", "*wayyakšilûm*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and they caused them to stumble", "*šĕbîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - paths of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - antiquity/ancient time", "*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to walk/go", "*nĕtîbôt*": "noun, feminine plural - paths/ways", "*derek*": "noun, feminine singular - way/road", "*sĕlûlāh*": "verb, qal passive participle, feminine singular - paved/built up" }, "variants": { "*šĕkēḥunî*": "they have forgotten me/they forsook me", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*šāwĕʾ*": "worthlessness/vanity/emptiness/falseness", "*yĕqaṭṭērû*": "they burn incense/offer sacrifice", "*wayyakšilûm*": "and they caused them to stumble/made them fall", "*šĕbîlê*": "paths of/trails of", "*ʿôlām*": "antiquity/ancient time/long ago", "*lāleket*": "to walk/to go/to follow", "*nĕtîbôt*": "paths/ways/roads", "*derek*": "way/road/path", "*sĕlûlāh*": "paved/built up/prepared" } }
• Jer 23:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.2", "source": "לָכֵן כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־הָרֹעִים הָרֹעִים אֶת־עַמִּי אַתֶּם הֲפִצֹתֶם אֶת־צֹאנִי וַתַּדִּחוּם וְלֹא פְקַדְתֶּם אֹתָם הִנְנִי פֹקֵד עֲלֵיכֶם אֶת־רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Lākēn* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿal*-*hārōʿîm* *hārōʿîm* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *ʾattem* *hăp̄iṣōtem* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾnî* *wattaddîḥûm* *wəlōʾ* *pəqadtem* *ʾōtām* *hinənî* *p̄ōqēd* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*rōaʿ* *maʿalləlêkem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "construct state - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/against", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural participle - the shepherds", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + qal participle masculine plural - those who shepherd", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*hăp̄iṣōtem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have scattered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾnî*": "feminine singular collective noun + 1st person singular suffix - my flock", "*wattaddîḥûm*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you drove them away", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*pəqadtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have attended to/visited", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/I am about to", "*p̄ōqēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - visiting/attending to", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun masculine singular construct - evil of", "*maʿalləlêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your deeds/practices", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*pəqadtem*": "attended to/visited/taken care of/punished", "*p̄ōqēd*": "visiting/attending to/taking care of/punishing", "*rōaʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*maʿalləlêkem*": "your deeds/your practices/your actions" } }
• Ezek 16:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.17", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֞י כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְ מִזְּהָבִ֤י וּמִכַּסְפִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֖ךְ צַלְמֵ֣י זָכָ֑ר וַתִּזְנִי־בָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tiqḥî* *kəlê* *tipʾartēḵ* *mi-zzəhāḇî* *û-mi-kkaspî* *ʾăšer* *nātattî* *lāḵ* *wa-taʿăśî*-*lāḵ* *ṣalmê* *zāḵār* *wa-tiznî*-*ḇām*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you took", "*kəlê*": "masculine plural construct - vessels/instruments of", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your beauty", "*mi-zzəhāḇî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - from my gold", "*û-mi-kkaspî*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - and from my silver", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*wa-taʿăśî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you made", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*ṣalmê*": "masculine plural construct - images of", "*zāḵār*": "masculine singular noun - male", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ḇām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them" }, "variants": { "*kəlê*": "vessels/instruments/jewelry", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "your beauty/glory/splendor", "*ṣalmê*": "images/figures/idols", "*zāḵār*": "male/man/masculine", "*tiznî*-*ḇām*": "you played the harlot with them/committed fornication with them" } }
• Ezek 22:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.12", "source": "שֹׁ֥חַד לָֽקְחוּ־בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֑ם נֶ֧שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֣ית לָקַ֗חַתְּ וַתְּבַצְּעִ֤י רֵעַ֙יִךְ֙ בַּעֹ֔שֶׁק וְאֹתִ֣י שָׁכַ֔חַתְּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "*šōḥaḏ* they *lāqəḥû*-in you for *ləmaʿan* *šəp̄āḵ*-*dām*; *nešeḵ* and *tarbîṯ* you *lāqaḥat*, and you *təḇaṣṣəʿî* your *rēʿayiḵ* in the *ʿōšeq*, and me you *šāḵaḥat*, *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*šōḥaḏ*": "masculine singular noun - 'bribe'", "*lāqəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they took'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - 'for the purpose of'", "*šəp̄āḵ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to shed'", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - 'blood'", "*nešeḵ*": "masculine singular noun - 'interest/usury'", "*tarbîṯ*": "feminine singular noun - 'increase/profit'", "*lāqaḥat*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - 'you took'", "*təḇaṣṣəʿî*": "piel imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - 'you gain/profit'", "*rēʿayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your neighbors'", "*ʿōšeq*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the oppression'", "*šāḵaḥat*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - 'you forgot'", "*nəʾum*": "construct masculine singular noun - 'declaration of'", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st plural suffix as divine title - 'my Lord'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šōḥaḏ*": "bribe/gift/payment", "*ləmaʿan*": "for the purpose of/in order to", "*šəp̄āḵ*": "shed/pour out/spill", "*nešeḵ*": "interest/usury/bite", "*tarbîṯ*": "increase/profit/gain", "*təḇaṣṣəʿî*": "gain/profit/extort", "*šāḵaḥat*": "forgot/neglected/disregarded", "*nəʾum*": "declaration of/utterance of/saying of" } }
• Ezek 23:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.35", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן שָׁכַ֣חַתְּ אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּשְׁלִ֥יכִי אוֹתִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י גַוֵּ֑ךְ וְגַם־אַ֛תְּ שְׂאִ֥י זִמָּתֵ֖ךְ וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ ס", "text": "*lākēn* thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *šākaḥat* me *wattašlîkî* me *ʾaḥărê* *gawwēk* *wəgam*-you *śəʾî* *zimmātēk* and-*ʾet*-*taznûtāyik*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*šākaḥat*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you forgot", "*wattašlîkî*": "waw-consecutive with imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you cast", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - behind/after", "*gawwēk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your back", "*wəgam*": "conjunction with emphatic particle - and also", "*śəʾî*": "imperative, feminine singular - bear/carry", "*zimmātēk*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your wickedness/lewdness", "*taznûtāyik*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your harlotries/fornications" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/accordingly", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ʾaḥărê*": "behind/after/following", "*gawwēk*": "your back/body", "*śəʾî*": "bear/carry/lift up", "*zimmātēk*": "your lewdness/shameful plans/evil schemes", "*taznûtāyik*": "your harlotries/fornications/adulteries" } }
• Ezek 23:40-42 : 40 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.40", "source": "וְאַ֗ף כִּ֤י תִשְׁלַ֙חְנָה֙ לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים בָּאִ֖ים מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר מַלְאָ֜ךְ שָׁל֤וּחַ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְהִנֵּה־בָ֔אוּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר רָחַ֛צְתְּ כָּחַ֥לְתְּ עֵינַ֖יִךְ וְעָ֥דִית עֶֽדִי׃", "text": "*wəʾap* that *tišlaḥnāh* to-*ʾănāšîm* *bāʾîm* from-*merḥāq* *ʾăšer* *malʾāk* *šālûaḥ* to-them *wəhinnēh*-*bāʾû* to-which *rāḥaṣt* *kāḥalt* *ʿênayik* and-*ʿādît* *ʿedî*", "grammar": { "*wəʾap*": "conjunction with emphatic particle - and moreover/furthermore", "*tišlaḥnāh*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they send", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bāʾîm*": "participle, masculine plural - coming", "*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine singular - distance/far place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*malʾāk*": "noun, masculine singular - messenger", "*šālûaḥ*": "passive participle, masculine singular - sent", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with interjection - and behold", "*bāʾû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they came", "*rāḥaṣt*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you washed", "*kāḥalt*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you painted", "*ʿênayik*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ʿādît*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you adorned", "*ʿedî*": "noun, masculine singular - ornament/jewelry" }, "variants": { "*wəʾap*": "and moreover/furthermore/even", "*tišlaḥnāh*": "they send/dispatch", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/males", "*merḥāq*": "distance/far away/afar", "*malʾāk*": "messenger/envoy", "*šālûaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*rāḥaṣt*": "you washed/bathed", "*kāḥalt*": "you painted/applied antimony to", "*ʿādît*": "you adorned/decorated", "*ʿedî*": "ornament/jewelry/adornment" } } 41 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.41", "source": "וְיָשַׁבְתְּ֙ עַל־מִטָּ֣ה כְבוּדָּ֔ה וְשֻׁלְחָ֥ן עָר֖וּךְ לְפָנֶ֑יהָ וּקְטָרְתִּ֥י וְשַׁמְנִ֖י שַׂ֥מְתְּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And-*yāšabt* on-*miṭṭāh* *kəbûddāh* and-*šulḥān* *ʿārûk* before-her and-*qəṭortî* and-*šamnî* *śamt* upon-her", "grammar": { "*yāšabt*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you sat", "*miṭṭāh*": "noun, feminine singular - bed/couch", "*kəbûddāh*": "passive participle, feminine singular - glorious/stately", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular - table", "*ʿārûk*": "passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/prepared", "*qəṭortî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my incense", "*šamnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my oil", "*śamt*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you placed/put" }, "variants": { "*yāšabt*": "you sat/reclined", "*miṭṭāh*": "bed/couch/divan", "*kəbûddāh*": "glorious/stately/splendid", "*šulḥān*": "table/dining table", "*ʿārûk*": "arranged/prepared/set in order", "*qəṭortî*": "my incense/my fragrant offering", "*šamnî*": "my oil/my ointment", "*śamt*": "you placed/put/set" } } 42 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.42", "source": "וְק֣וֹל הָמוֹן֮ שָׁלֵ֣ו בָהּ֒ וְאֶל־אֲנָשִׁים֙ מֵרֹ֣ב אָדָ֔ם מוּבָאִ֥ים *סובאים* **סָבָאִ֖ים מִמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַֽיִּתְּנ֤וּ צְמִידִים֙ אֶל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ן וַעֲטֶ֥רֶת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And-*qôl* *hāmôn* *šālēw* in-her and-to-*ʾănāšîm* from-*rōb* *ʾādām* *mûbāʾîm* *sābāʾîm* from-*midbār* *wayyittənû* *ṣəmîdîm* to-*yədêhen* and-*ʿăṭeret* *tipʾeret* on-*rāʾšêhen*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice/sound of", "*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine singular - multitude/crowd", "*šālēw*": "adjective, masculine singular - at ease/carefree", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - abundance/multitude of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*mûbāʾîm*": "hophal participle, masculine plural - being brought", "*sābāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - drunkards/Sabeans", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*wayyittənû*": "waw-consecutive with imperfect, 3rd plural - and they put/gave", "*ṣəmîdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bracelets", "*yədêhen*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their hands", "*ʿăṭeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - crown of", "*tipʾeret*": "noun, feminine singular - beauty/glory", "*rāʾšêhen*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their heads" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*hāmôn*": "multitude/crowd/throng", "*šālēw*": "at ease/carefree/tranquil", "*rōb*": "abundance/multitude/great number", "*mûbāʾîm*": "being brought/imported/led in", "*sābāʾîm*": "drunkards/Sabeans (people from Sheba)", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/steppe", "*ṣəmîdîm*": "bracelets/armlets", "*ʿăṭeret*": "crown/diadem", "*tipʾeret*": "beauty/glory/splendor" } }
• Hos 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.5", "source": "‫פֶּן־אַפְשִׁיטֶ֣נָּה עֲרֻמָּ֔ה וְהִ֨צַּגְתִּ֔יהָ כְּי֖וֹם הִוָּֽלְדָ֑הּ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣יהָ כַמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְשַׁתִּ֙הָ֙ כְּאֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֔ה וַהֲמִתִּ֖יהָ בַּצָּמָֽא׃‬", "text": "Lest-*ʾapšîṭennāh* *ʿărummāh* and *hiṣṣagtîhā* like-*yôm* *hiwwāldāh*, and *śamtîhā* like-the-*midbār* and *šattihā* like-*ʾereṣ* *ṣiyyāh*, and *hamittîhā* with-the-*ṣāmāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾapšîṭennāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will strip her", "*ʿărummāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - naked", "*hiṣṣagtîhā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will set/place her", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day", "*hiwwāldāh*": "niphal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her being born", "*śamtîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will make her", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine, singular - wilderness", "*šattihā*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will set her", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land", "*ṣiyyāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - drought/dryness", "*hamittîhā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will kill her", "*ṣāmāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - thirst" }, "variants": { "*ʾapšîṭennāh*": "I will strip/undress/remove clothing from her", "*ʿărummāh*": "naked/bare/exposed", "*hiṣṣagtîhā*": "I will set/place/establish her", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*hiwwāldāh*": "her being born/her birth", "*śamtîhā*": "I will make/place/establish her", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*šattihā*": "I will set/place/establish her", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*ṣiyyāh*": "drought/dryness/parched land", "*hamittîhā*": "I will kill/put to death/cause to die", "*ṣāmāʾ*": "thirst/dryness" } }
• Hos 2:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.7", "source": "‫כִּ֤י זָֽנְתָה֙ אִמָּ֔ם הֹבִ֖ישָׁה הֽוֹרָתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֤י מְאַהֲבַי֙ נֹתְנֵ֤י לַחְמִי֙ וּמֵימַ֔י צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י שַׁמְנִ֖י וְשִׁקּוּיָֽי׃‬", "text": "For *zāntāh* *ʾimmām*, *hôbîšāh* *hôrātām*; for *ʾāmrāh*, *ʾēlkāh* after *məʾahăbay* *nōtnê* *laḥmî* and *mêmay*, *ṣamrî* and *pištî*, *šamnî* and *šiqqûyāy*.", "grammar": { "*zāntāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she committed fornication", "*ʾimmām*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their mother", "*hôbîšāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she caused shame", "*hôrātām*": "qal participle + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their conceiver", "*ʾāmrāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she said", "*ʾēlkāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go", "*məʾahăbay*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my lovers", "*nōtnê*": "qal participle, masculine, plural, construct - givers of", "*laḥmî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my bread", "*mêmay*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my water", "*ṣamrî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wool", "*pištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my flax", "*šamnî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my oil", "*šiqqûyāy*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my drinks" }, "variants": { "*zāntāh*": "she committed fornication/played the harlot", "*ʾimmām*": "their mother (collective reference to the nation)", "*hôbîšāh*": "she caused shame/acted shamefully", "*hôrātām*": "their conceiver/she who conceived them", "*ʾāmrāh*": "she said/spoke/declared", "*ʾēlkāh*": "let me go/I will pursue", "*məʾahăbay*": "my lovers/those who love me/my paramours (reference to false gods)", "*nōtnê*": "givers/providers of", "*laḥmî*": "my bread/food/sustenance", "*mêmay*": "my water/drink", "*ṣamrî*": "my wool/fleece", "*pištî*": "my flax/linen", "*šamnî*": "my oil/fat", "*šiqqûyāy*": "my drinks/beverages" } }
• Hos 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.6", "source": "נִדְמ֥וּ עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִ֣י הַדָּ֑עַת כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה הַדַּ֣עַת מָאַ֗סְתָּ וְאֶמְאָֽסְאךָ֙ מִכַּהֵ֣ן לִ֔י וַתִּשְׁכַּח֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶשְׁכַּ֥ח בָּנֶ֖יךָ גַּם־אָֽנִי׃", "text": "*nidmû* *ʿammî* *mi-bblî* *haddāʿat* *kî*-*ʾattâ* *haddaʿat* *māʾastā* *wə-ʾemʾāsəʾkā* *mi-kkahēn* *lî* *wa-tiškaḥ* *tôrat* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *ʾeškaḥ* *bānêkā* *gam*-*ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*nidmû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, niphal - they are cut off/destroyed/silenced", "*ʿammî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*mi-bblî*": "preposition + negative particle - from lack of/because there is no", "*haddāʿat*": "noun with definite article, feminine singular - the knowledge", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*haddaʿat*": "noun with definite article, feminine singular - the knowledge", "*māʾastā*": "perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have rejected", "*wə-ʾemʾāsəʾkā*": "conjunction + imperfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will reject you", "*mi-kkahēn*": "preposition + infinitive construct - from being priest", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - for/to me", "*wa-tiškaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you forgot/have forgotten", "*tôrat*": "construct state, feminine singular - instruction/law of", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct form + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾeškaḥ*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will forget", "*bānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons/children", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I" }, "variants": { "*nidmû*": "cut off/destroyed/silenced/perish", "*mi-bblî*": "from lack of/without/because there is no", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/insight/understanding", "*māʾas*": "reject/refuse/despise", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction" } }
• Hos 4:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.13", "source": "עַל־רָאשֵׁ֨י הֶהָרִ֜ים יְזַבֵּ֗חוּ וְעַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת֙ יְקַטֵּ֔רוּ תַּ֣חַת אַלּ֧וֹן וְלִבְנֶ֛ה וְאֵלָ֖ה כִּ֣י ט֣וֹב צִלָּ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּזְנֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְכַלּוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם תְּנָאַֽפְנָה׃", "text": "*ʿal-rāʾšê* *hehārîm* *yəzabbēḥû* *wə-ʿal-haggəbāʿôt* *yəqaṭṭērû* *taḥat* *ʾallôn* *wə-libnê* *wə-ʾēlâ* *kî* *ṭôb* *ṣillāh* *ʿal-kēn* *tiznênâ* *bənôtêkem* *wə-kallôtêkem* *tənāʾapnâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-rāʾšê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - on tops of", "*hehārîm*": "noun with definite article, masculine plural - the mountains", "*yəzabbēḥû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they sacrifice", "*wə-ʿal-haggəbāʿôt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun with definite article, feminine plural - and on the hills", "*yəqaṭṭērû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they burn incense/make sacrifices", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*ʾallôn*": "noun, masculine singular - oak/terebinth", "*wə-libnê*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and poplar/white tree", "*wə-ʾēlâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and terebinth/oak", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ṣillāh*": "noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its shade", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*tiznênâ*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they commit fornication", "*bənôtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*wə-kallôtêkem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your daughters-in-law", "*tənāʾapnâ*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they commit adultery" }, "variants": { "*zābaḥ* (piel)": "sacrifice/slaughter for sacrifice", "*qāṭar* (piel)": "burn incense/make offerings/sacrifice", "*ʾallôn*": "oak/terebinth", "*libnê*": "poplar/white tree/storax", "*ʾēlâ*": "terebinth/oak", "*ṣēl*": "shade/shadow/protection", "*zānâ*": "commit fornication/prostitute/be unfaithful", "*nāʾap*": "commit adultery/be unfaithful" } }
• Hos 8:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.14", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה הִרְבָּ֖ה עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻר֑וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*wayyiškaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿōśēhû* *wayyiḇen* *hêḵālôṯ*; and *wîhûḏāh* *hirbāh* *ʿārîm* *bəṣurôṯ*; and *wəšillaḥtî*-*ʾēš* in his *bəʿārāyw* and it *wəʾāḵəlāh* their *ʾarmənōṯêhā*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiškaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he forgot", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿōśēhû*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his maker", "*wayyiḇen*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*hêḵālôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - palaces/temples", "*wîhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*hirbāh*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he multiplied", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine, plural absolute - cities", "*bəṣurôṯ*": "adjective, feminine, plural absolute - fortified", "*wəšillaḥtî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will send", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular absolute - fire", "*bəʿārāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his cities", "*wəʾāḵəlāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it will devour", "*ʾarmənōṯêhā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her citadels" }, "variants": { "*wayyiškaḥ*": "and he forgot/neglected/ignored", "*ʿōśēhû*": "his maker/his creator", "*wayyiḇen*": "and he built/constructed", "*hêḵālôṯ*": "palaces/temples/grand buildings", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/made many", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*bəṣurôṯ*": "fortified/defended/walled", "*wəšillaḥtî*": "and I will send/dispatch", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*wəʾāḵəlāh*": "and it will devour/consume/destroy", "*ʾarmənōṯêhā*": "her citadels/palaces/fortresses" } }
• Hos 9:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.7", "source": "בָּ֣אוּ ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַפְּקֻדָּ֗ה בָּ֚אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַשִׁלֻּ֔ם יֵדְע֖וּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱוִ֣יל הַנָּבִ֗יא מְשֻׁגָּע֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָר֔וּחַ עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנְךָ֔ וְרַבָּ֖ה מַשְׂטֵמָֽה׃", "text": "*Bāʾû* *yemê* the-*peqūddāh*, *bāʾû* *yemê* the-*šillūm*, *yēdeʿû* *yiśrāʾēl*; *ʾĕwîl* the-*nābîʾ*, *mešuggāʿ* *ʾîš* the-*rûaḥ*, upon *rōb* *ʿăwōnekā* and-great *maśṭēmāh*.", "grammar": { "*Bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have come'", "*yemê*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*peqūddāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the visitation/punishment'", "*šillūm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the recompense/retribution'", "*yēdeʿû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will know'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*ʾĕwîl*": "adjective masculine singular - 'foolish'", "*nābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the prophet'", "*mešuggāʿ*": "pual participle masculine singular - 'driven mad/insane'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - 'man of'", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the spirit'", "*rōb*": "masculine singular construct - 'abundance of'", "*ʿăwōnekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your iniquity'", "*maśṭēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'hostility/persecution'" }, "variants": { "*Bāʾû*": "they have come/they came/they arrived", "*peqūddāh*": "visitation/punishment/reckoning", "*šillūm*": "recompense/retribution/requital", "*yēdeʿû*": "they will know/they shall experience", "*ʾĕwîl*": "foolish/senseless/stupid", "*mešuggāʿ*": "driven mad/insane/crazy", "*ʾîš* *rûaḥ*": "man of the spirit/inspired man/spiritual man", "*rōb*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*ʿăwōnekā*": "your iniquity/your sin/your guilt", "*maśṭēmāh*": "hostility/persecution/enmity" } }
• Hos 9:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.9", "source": "הֶעְמִֽיקוּ־שִׁחֵ֖תוּ כִּימֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֑ה יִזְכּ֣וֹר עֲוֺנָ֔ם יִפְק֖וֹד חַטֹּאותָֽם׃", "text": "*Heʿmîqû*-*šiḥētû* like-*yemê* the-*gibʿāh*; *yizkôr* *ʿăwōnām*, *yipqôd* *ḥaṭṭôʾwtām*.", "grammar": { "*Heʿmîqû*": "hifil perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have gone deeply'", "*šiḥētû*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have corrupted/done corruptly'", "*yemê*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*gibʿāh*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gibeah'", "*yizkôr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will remember'", "*ʿăwōnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their iniquity'", "*yipqôd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will visit/punish'", "*ḥaṭṭôʾwtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sins'" }, "variants": { "*Heʿmîqû*-*šiḥētû*": "they have deeply corrupted/they are deeply depraved/they have gone deeply into corruption", "*gibʿāh*": "reference to incident in Judges 19-20", "*yizkôr*": "he will remember/he will recall/he will not forget", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/their guilt/their sin", "*yipqôd*": "he will visit/he will punish/he will reckon" } } 10 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.10", "source": "כַּעֲנָבִ֣ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר מָצָ֙אתִי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּבִכּוּרָ֤ה בִתְאֵנָה֙ בְּרֵ֣אשִׁיתָ֔הּ רָאִ֖יתִי אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם הֵ֜מָּה בָּ֣אוּ בַֽעַל־פְּע֗וֹר וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיִּהְי֥וּ שִׁקּוּצִ֖ים כְּאָהֳבָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*ʿănābîm* in-the-*midbār* *māṣāʾtî* *yiśrāʾēl*, like-*bikkûrāh* in-*teʾēnāh* in-*rēʾšîtāh* *rāʾîtî* *ʾăbôtêkem*; *hēmmāh* *bāʾû* *baʿal*-*peʿôr* and-*wayyinnāzerû* to-the-*bōšet* and-*wayyihyû* *šiqqûṣîm* like-*ʾāhŏbām*.", "grammar": { "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'grapes'", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the wilderness'", "*māṣāʾtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I found'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*bikkûrāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'early fig/first-ripe fig'", "*teʾēnāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'fig tree'", "*rēʾšîtāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'its beginning/first fruits'", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I saw'", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'your fathers'", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - 'they'", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they came'", "*baʿal*-*peʿôr*": "proper noun - 'Baal of Peor'", "*wayyinnāzerû*": "niphal consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they separated themselves'", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the shame'", "*wayyihyû*": "qal consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they became'", "*šiqqûṣîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'detestable things/abominations'", "*ʾāhŏbām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their love'" }, "variants": { "*ʿănābîm*": "grapes/clusters of grapes", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*bikkûrāh*": "early fig/first-ripe fig/first fruit", "*rēʾšîtāh*": "its beginning/its first fruits/its first time", "*baʿal*-*peʿôr*": "reference to incident in Numbers 25", "*wayyinnāzerû*": "and they separated themselves/they consecrated themselves/they devoted themselves", "*bōšet*": "the shame/disgrace/shameful thing (euphemism for Baal)", "*šiqqûṣîm*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*ʾāhŏbām*": "their love/their lover/what they loved" } }
• Judg 10:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.10.6", "source": "וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ", "text": "*wə-yōsip̄û* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *la-ʿăśôṯ* *hā-raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* *wə-yaʿaḇdû* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-bəʿālîm* and-*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿaštārôṯ* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ʾărām* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ṣîḏôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *môʾāḇ* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *pəlištîm* *wə-yaʿazḇû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* and-not *ʿăḇāḏûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they continued/added", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-ʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they served", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*hā-ʿaštārôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the Ashtaroth", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*ṣîḏôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they forsook", "*ʿăḇāḏûhû*": "qal perfect 3mp + 3ms suffix - they served him" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "they continued/they added/they did again", "*hā-raʿ*": "the evil/the wickedness", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "they served/they worshipped", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/they abandoned" } }
• 1 Sam 12:9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.9", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁכְּח֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּמְכֹּ֣ר אֹתָ֡ם בְּיַ֣ד סִֽיסְרָא֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א חָצ֜וֹר וּבְיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וּבְיַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yiškəḥû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *wa-yimkōr* *ʾōtām* *bəyad* *sîsərāʾ* *śar*-*ṣəbāʾ* *ḥāṣôr* *û-bəyad*-*pəlištîm* *û-bəyad* *melek* *môʾāb* *wa-yillāḥămû* *bām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiškəḥû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they forgot", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*wa-yimkōr*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sold", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bəyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - into the hand of", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*śar*-*ṣəbāʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - commander of the army of", "*ḥāṣôr*": "proper noun - Hazor", "*û-bəyad*-*pəlištîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct + proper noun - and into the hand of the Philistines", "*û-bəyad*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct - and into the hand of", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wa-yillāḥămû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they fought", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yiškəḥû*": "and they forgot/abandoned/forsook", "*wa-yimkōr*": "and he sold/handed over/delivered", "*bəyad*": "into the hand of/into the power of", "*wa-yillāḥămû*": "and they fought/made war" } }
• 1 Kgs 16:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.31", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ הֲנָקֵ֣ל לֶכְתּ֔וֹ בְּחַטֹּ֖אות יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט וַיִּקַּ֨ח אִשָּׁ֜ה אֶת־אִיזֶ֗בֶל בַּת־אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צִידֹנִ֔ים וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* to-be-*hānāqēl* *lekəttô* in-*ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *yārāḇəʿām* son-of-*nəḇāṭ* and-*wayyiqqaḥ* woman *ʾet*-*ʾîzeḇel* daughter-of-*ʾetbaʿal* *melek* of-*ṣîḏōnîm* and-*wayyēlek* and-*wayyaʿăḇōḏ* *ʾet*-the-*baʿal* and-*wayyištaḥû* to-him", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/became", "*hānāqēl*": "hiphil infinitive construct + interrogative particle - was it light/easy thing", "*lekəttô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "noun feminine plural construct - sins of", "*yārāḇəʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*nəḇāṭ*": "proper name - Nebat", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾîzeḇel*": "proper name - Jezebel", "*ʾetbaʿal*": "proper name - Ethbaal", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ṣîḏōnîm*": "proper name - Sidonians", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayyaʿăḇōḏ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*baʿal*": "proper name - Baal", "*wayyištaḥû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down/worshipped" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*hānāqēl*": "was it a trivial thing/light matter", "*lekəttô*": "his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/offenses", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/Baal [deity]" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.32", "source": "וַיָּ֥קֶם מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לַבָּ֑עַל בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בְּשֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*wayyāqem* *mizəbēḥa* to-the-*bāʿal* house the-*baʿal* which *bānāh* in-*šōmərôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqem*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected/established", "*mizəbēḥa*": "noun masculine singular - altar", "*bāʿal*": "proper name with definite article - the Baal", "*bānāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he built", "*šōmərôn*": "proper name - Samaria" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqem*": "and he erected/established/set up", "*mizəbēḥa*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/Baal [deity]" } }
• 1 Kgs 18:18-40 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א עָכַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י אִם־אַתָּ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ בַּֽעַזָבְכֶם֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הַבְּעָלִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *lōʾ* *ʿākarti* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *ʾim*-*ʾattâ* *û-bêt* *ʾābîkā* *bə-ʿăzābkem* *ʾet*-*miṣwōt* *YHWH* *wə-tēlek* *ʾaḥărê* the-*bəʿālîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + narrative imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿākarti*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular of *ʿākar* - I have troubled", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Israel", "*kî* *ʾim*": "conjunction construct - but rather/except", "*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*û-bêt*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and house of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*bə-ʿăzābkem*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *ʿāzab* + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your forsaking", "*miṣwōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*wə-tēlek*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular of *hālak* - and you went", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals" }, "variants": { "*ʿākarti*": "troubled/disturbed/brought calamity upon", "*ʿăzābkem*": "forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters (pagan deities)" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.19", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח קְבֹ֥ץ אֵלַ֛י אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־הַ֣ר הַכַּרְמֶ֑ל וְאֶת־נְבִיאֵ֨י הַבַּ֜עַל אַרְבַּ֧ע מֵא֣וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים וּנְבִיאֵ֤י הָֽאֲשֵׁרָה֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע מֵא֔וֹת אֹכְלֵ֖י שֻׁלְחַ֥ן אִיזָֽבֶל׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattâ* *šəlaḥ* *qəbōṣ* to-me *ʾet*-all-*yiśrāʾēl* to-*har* the-*karmel* and-*ʾet*-*nəbîʾê* the-*baʿal* four *mēʾôt* and-fifty and-*nəbîʾê* the-*ʾăšērâ* four *mēʾôt* *ʾōkəlê* *šulḥan* *ʾîzābel*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*šəlaḥ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular of *šālaḥ* - send", "*qəbōṣ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular of *qābaṣ* - gather", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Israel", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ha-karmel*": "definite article + proper noun - Carmel", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*nəbîʾê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "number, cardinal - four", "*mēʾôt*": "hundreds/hundred", "*wa-ḥămiššîm*": "conjunction + number, cardinal - and fifty", "*û-nəbîʾê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and prophets of", "*hā-ʾăšērâ*": "definite article + proper noun, feminine singular - the Asherah", "*ʾōkəlê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct of *ʾākal* - eaters of", "*šulḥan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - table of", "*ʾîzābel*": "proper noun, feminine - Jezebel" }, "variants": { "*qəbōṣ*": "gather/assemble/collect", "*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah (fertility goddess)/sacred pole/sacred tree", "*šulḥan*": "table/food provision/royal service" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.20", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח אַחְאָ֖ב בְּכָל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּקְבֹּ֥ץ אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים אֶל־הַ֥ר הַכַּרְמֶֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *ʾaḥʾāb* in-all-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yiqbōṣ* *ʾet*-the-*nəbîʾîm* to-*har* the-*karmel*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + narrative imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *šālaḥ* - and he sent", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahab", "*bə*": "preposition - in/among", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Israel", "*wə-yiqbōṣ*": "conjunction + narrative imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qābaṣ* - and he gathered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-nəbîʾîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the prophets", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ha-karmel*": "definite article + proper noun - Carmel" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*yiqbōṣ*": "gathered/assembled/collected" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.21", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָ֗ם וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ עַד־מָתַ֞י אַתֶּ֣ם פֹּסְחִים֮ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַסְּעִפִּים֒ אִם־יְהוָ֤ה הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְכ֣וּ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְאִם־הַבַּ֖עַל לְכ֣וּ אַחֲרָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־עָנ֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֹת֖וֹ דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yiggaš* *ʾēliyyāhû* to-all-the-*ʿām* *wə-yōʾmer* until-*mātay* *ʾattem* *pōsəḥîm* on-*štê* the-*səʿippîm* if-*YHWH* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *lekû* after-him and-if-the-*baʿal* *lekû* after-him and-*lōʾ*-*ʿānû* the-*ʿām* him *dābār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiggaš*": "conjunction + narrative imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *nāgaš* - and he approached", "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine - Elijah", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + narrative imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*mātay*": "interrogative adverb - when/how long", "*ʾattem*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*pōsəḥîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural of *pāsaḥ* - limping/hesitating", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/over", "*štê*": "number, feminine dual construct - two of", "*ha-səʿippîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the divided opinions/branches", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (intensive) - the God", "*lekû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural of *hālak* - go/walk", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - after him", "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural of *ʿānâ* - they answered", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing" }, "variants": { "*pōsəḥîm*": "limping/wavering/hesitating/skipping between", "*səʿippîm*": "divided opinions/branches/forks in the road/thoughts", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אֲנִ֞י נוֹתַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה לְבַדִּ֑י וּנְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֔עַל אַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *ʾēliyyāhû* to-the-*ʿām* *ʾănî* *nôtartî* *nābîʾ* to-*YHWH* *ləbaddî* and-*nəbîʾê* the-*baʿal* four-*mēʾôt* and-fifty *ʾîš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + narrative imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine - Elijah", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*nôtartî*": "Niphal perfect, 1st person singular of *yātar* - I am left/I remain", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for Yahweh/the LORD", "*ləbaddî*": "preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - by myself/alone", "*û-nəbîʾê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and prophets of", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "number, cardinal - four", "*mēʾôt*": "hundreds", "*wa-ḥămiššîm*": "conjunction + number, cardinal - and fifty", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men" }, "variants": { "*nôtartî*": "I remain/I am left/I alone am left", "*ləbaddî*": "by myself/alone/only me" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.23", "source": "וְיִתְּנוּ־לָ֜נוּ שְׁנַ֣יִם פָּרִ֗ים וְיִבְחֲר֣וּ לָהֶם֩ הַפָּ֨ר הָאֶחָ֜ד וִֽינַתְּחֻ֗הוּ וְיָשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־הָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֣א יָשִׂ֑ימוּ וַאֲנִ֞י אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַפָּ֣ר הָאֶחָ֗ד וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ עַל־הָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א אָשִֽׂים׃", "text": "*wə-yittənû*-to-us two *pārîm* and-*yibḥărû* for-themselves the-*pār* the-one and-*yənattəḥûhû* and-*yāśîmû* on-the-*ʿēṣîm* and-*ʾēš* *lōʾ* *yāśîmû* and-*ʾănî* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *ʾet*-the-*pār* the-one and-*nātattî* on-the-*ʿēṣîm* and-*ʾēš* *lōʾ* *ʾāśîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *nātan* - and let them give", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to us", "*šənayim*": "number, masculine dual - two", "*pārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bulls", "*wə-yibḥărû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *bāḥar* - and let them choose", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*ha-pār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bull", "*hā-ʾeḥād*": "definite article + number, masculine singular - the one", "*wî-nattəḥûhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *nātaḥ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and let them cut it in pieces", "*wə-yāśîmû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *śîm* - and let them place", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on", "*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the wood/sticks", "*wə-ʾēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāśîmû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *śîm* - they will place", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st person singular - and I", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular of *ʿāśâ* - I will prepare", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-pār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bull", "*hā-ʾeḥād*": "definite article + number, masculine singular - the one", "*wə-nātattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular of *nātan* - and I will put", "*ʾāśîm*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular of *śîm* - I will place" }, "variants": { "*pār*": "bull/young bull/bullock", "*yənattəḥûhû*": "cut it in pieces/cut it up/dismember it", "*ʿēṣîm*": "wood/trees/sticks/pieces of wood" } } 24 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.24", "source": "וּקְרָאתֶ֞ם בְּשֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם וֽ͏ַאֲנִי֙ אֶקְרָ֣א בְשֵׁם־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֧ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲנֶ֥ה בָאֵ֖שׁ ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֧עַן כָּל־הָעָ֛ם וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ ט֥וֹב הַדָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*û-qərāʾtem* in-*šēm* *ʾĕlōhêkem* and-*ʾănî* *ʾeqrāʾ* in-*šēm*-*YHWH* *wə-hāyâ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* who-*yaʿăneh* in-the-*ʾēš* he the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yaʿan* all-the-*ʿām* *wə-yōʾmrû* *ṭôb* the-*dābār*", "grammar": { "*û-qərāʾtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural of *qārāʾ* - and you shall call", "*bə-šēm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - on the name of", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your gods", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st person singular - and I", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular of *qārāʾ* - I will call", "*bə-šēm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - on the name of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it will be", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (intensive) - the God", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*yaʿăneh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʿānâ* - will answer", "*bā-ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the fire", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (intensive) - the God", "*wə-yaʿan*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʿānâ* - and answered", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wə-yōʾmrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and they said", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ha-dābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the word/thing" }, "variants": { "*qərāʾtem*": "call/invoke/cry out to", "*yaʿăneh*": "answers/responds/replies", "*bā-ʾēš*": "with fire/by fire/through fire" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֜הוּ לִנְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֗עַל בַּחֲר֨וּ לָכֶ֜ם הַפָּ֤ר הָֽאֶחָד֙ וַעֲשׂ֣וּ רִאשֹׁנָ֔ה כִּ֥י אַתֶּ֖ם הָרַבִּ֑ים וְקִרְאוּ֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א תָשִֽׂימוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *ʾēliyyāhû* to-*nəbîʾê* the-*baʿal* *baḥărû* for-yourselves the-*pār* the-one and-*ʿăśû* *rišōnâ* because *ʾattem* the-*rabbîm* and-*qirʾû* in-*šēm* *ʾĕlōhêkem* and-*ʾēš* *lōʾ* *tāśîmû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine - Elijah", "*li-nəbîʾê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - to prophets of", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*baḥărû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural of *bāḥar* - choose", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*ha-pār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bull", "*hā-ʾeḥād*": "definite article + number, masculine singular - the one", "*wa-ʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural of *ʿāśâ* - and prepare", "*rišōnâ*": "adverb - first", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾattem*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*hā-rabbîm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the many", "*wə-qirʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural of *qārāʾ* - and call", "*bə-šēm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - on the name of", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your gods", "*wə-ʾēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tāśîmû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural of *śîm* - you shall place" }, "variants": { "*rišōnâ*": "first/firstly/at the beginning", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/majority", "*baḥărû*": "choose/select/pick out" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.26", "source": "וַ֠יִּקְחוּ אֶת־הַפָּ֨ר אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֣ן לָהֶם֮ וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֒ וַיִּקְרְא֣וּ בְשֵׁם־הַ֠בַּעַל מֵהַבֹּ֨קֶר וְעַד־הַצָּהֳרַ֤יִם לֵאמֹר֙ הַבַּ֣עַל עֲנֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה וַֽיְפַסְּח֔וּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃", "text": "*wə-yiqḥû* *ʾet*-the-*pār* which-*nātan* to-them *wə-yaʿăśû* *wə-yiqrəʾû* in-*šēm*-the-*baʿal* from-the-*bōqer* and-until-the-*ṣŏhŏrayim* *lēʾmōr* the-*baʿal* answer-us and-*ʾên* *qôl* and-*ʾên* *ʿōneh* *wə-yəpasseḥû* on-the-*mizbēaḥ* which *ʿāśâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqḥû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *lāqaḥ* - and they took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-pār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bull", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular of *nātan* - he gave", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʿāśâ* - and they prepared", "*wə-yiqrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *qārāʾ* - and they called", "*bə-šēm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - on the name of", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*mē-ha-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - from the morning", "*wə-ʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and until", "*ha-ṣŏhŏrayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine dual - the noon", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *ʾāmar* - saying", "*ha-baʿal*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the Baal", "*ʿănēnû*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular of *ʿānâ* + 1st person plural suffix - answer us", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*ʿōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular of *ʿānâ* - answering", "*wə-yəpasseḥû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *pāsaḥ* - and they limped/danced", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʿāśâ* - he/it made" }, "variants": { "*yəpasseḥû*": "limped/hopped/danced around/leapt upon", "*ṣŏhŏrayim*": "noon/midday/high noon", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.27", "source": "וַיְהִ֨י בַֽצָּהֳרַ֜יִם וַיְהַתֵּ֧ל בָּהֶ֣ם אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ קִרְא֤וּ בְקוֹל־גָּדוֹל֙ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים ה֔וּא כִּ֣י שִׂ֧יחַ וְכִֽי־שִׂ֛יג ל֖וֹ וְכִֽי־דֶ֣רֶךְ ל֑וֹ אוּלַ֛י יָשֵׁ֥ן ה֖וּא וְיִקָֽץ׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* in-the-*ṣŏhŏrayim* *wə-yəhattēl* in-them *ʾēliyyāhû* *wə-yōʾmer* *qirʾû* in-*qôl*-*gādôl* because-*ʾĕlōhîm* he because *śîaḥ* and-because-*śîg* to-him and-because-*derek* to-him perhaps *yāšēn* he and-*yîqāṣ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it came to pass", "*ba-ṣŏhŏrayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine dual - at noon", "*wə-yəhattēl*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hātal* - and he mocked", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - at them", "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine - Elijah", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*qirʾû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural of *qārāʾ* - call", "*bə-qôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - with a voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - loud/great", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (intensive) - god", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*śîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - meditation/conversation", "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and for/because", "*śîg*": "noun, masculine singular - private business/withdrawal", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and for/because", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular - journey/way", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾûlay*": "adverb - perhaps", "*yāšēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - asleep", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*wə-yîqāṣ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qîṣ* - and he will awake" }, "variants": { "*yəhattēl*": "mocked/ridiculed/derided", "*śîaḥ*": "meditation/conversation/is in deep thought", "*śîg*": "withdrawn/gone aside/busy/occupied", "*derek*": "journey/way/traveling" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.28", "source": "וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וַיִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם בַּחֲרָב֖וֹת וּבָֽרְמָחִ֑ים עַד־שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiqrəʾû* in-*qôl* *gādôl* *wə-yitgōdədû* according-to-*mišpāṭām* with-*ḥărābôt* and-with-*rəmāḥîm* until-*šəpāk*-*dām* upon-them", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *qārāʾ* - and they called", "*bə-qôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - with a voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - loud/great", "*wə-yitgōdədû*": "conjunction + Hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *gādad* - and they cut themselves", "*kə-mišpāṭām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - according to their custom", "*ba-ḥărābôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - with swords", "*û-bā-rəmāḥîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and with spears", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*šəpāk*": "Qal infinitive construct of *šāpak* - pouring out", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them" }, "variants": { "*yitgōdədû*": "cut themselves/gashed themselves/wounded themselves", "*mišpāṭām*": "their custom/their practice/their manner", "*šəpāk-dām*": "pouring out blood/blood flowing/shedding blood" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.29", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ כַּעֲבֹ֣ר הַֽצָּהֳרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֔וּ עַ֖ד לַעֲל֣וֹת הַמִּנְחָ֑ה וְאֵֽין־ק֥וֹל וְאֵין־עֹנֶ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין קָֽשֶׁב׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* as-*ʿăbōr* the-*ṣŏhŏrayim* *wə-yitnabbəʾû* until *laʿălôt* the-*minḥâ* and-*ʾên*-*qôl* and-*ʾên*-*ʿōneh* and-*ʾên* *qāšeb*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it came to pass", "*ka-ʿăbōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *ʿābar* - as passed", "*ha-ṣŏhŏrayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine dual - the noon", "*wə-yitnabbəʾû*": "conjunction + Hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *nābāʾ* - and they prophesied", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*laʿălôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *ʿālâ* - going up/offering of", "*ha-minḥâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the offering", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no", "*ʿōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular of *ʿānâ* - answering", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no", "*qāšeb*": "noun, masculine singular - attention/attentiveness" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbōr*": "passing/passed by/went by", "*yitnabbəʾû*": "prophesied/acted as prophets/raved", "*minḥâ*": "offering/grain offering/evening sacrifice", "*qāšeb*": "attention/heed/response" } } 30 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.30", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלִיָּ֤הוּ לְכָל־הָעָם֙ גְּשׁ֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וַיִּגְּשׁ֥וּ כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֵלָ֑יו וַיְרַפֵּ֛א אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה הֶהָרֽוּס׃", "text": "*wă-yō'mer* *'ēlîyāhû* to-all-the-*'ām* *gĕšû* to-me *wă-yiggĕšû* all-the-*'ām* to-him *wă-yĕrappē'* *'et*-*mizbēaḥ* *YHWH* the-*hehārûs*", "grammar": { "*wă-yō'mer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*'ēlîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*'ām*": "common noun, masculine singular - people/nation", "*gĕšû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - draw near/approach", "*wă-yiggĕšû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they drew near", "*wă-yĕrappē'*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he repaired/restored", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*mizbēaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - altar of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*hehārûs*": "definite article + qal passive participle masculine singular - the demolished/ruined" }, "variants": { "*wă-yĕrappē'*": "repair/restore/heal", "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*hehārûs*": "thrown down/demolished/broken down/ruined" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.31", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֵלִיָּ֗הוּ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֑ב אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה אֵלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*wă-yiqqaḥ* *'ēlîyāhû* *šĕttêm* *'eśrēh* *'ăḇānîm* according-to-*mispar* *šiḇṭê* *bĕnê*-*ya'ăqōḇ* *'ăšer* *hāyāh* *dĕḇar*-*YHWH* to-him *lē'mōr* *yiśrā'ēl* *yihyeh* *šĕmeḵā*", "grammar": { "*wă-yiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*'ēlîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*šĕttêm* *'eśrēh*": "cardinal number, feminine - twelve", "*'ăḇānîm*": "common noun, feminine plural - stones", "*mispar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*šiḇṭê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*bĕnê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ya'ăqōḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jacob", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which/whom/that", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/happened", "*dĕḇar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*lē'mōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he/it will be", "*šĕmeḵā*": "common noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name" }, "variants": { "*'ăḇānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*šiḇṭê*": "tribes/rods/staffs", "*dĕḇar*": "word/speech/matter" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.32", "source": "וַיִּבְנֶ֧ה אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֛ים מִזְבֵּ֖חַ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂ תְּעָלָ֗ה כְּבֵית֙ סָאתַ֣יִם זֶ֔רַע סָבִ֖יב לַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*wă-yiḇneh* *'et*-the-*'ăḇānîm* *mizbēaḥ* in-*šēm* *YHWH* *wă-ya'aś* *tĕ'ālâ* like-*bêt* *sā'tāyim* *zera'* *sāḇîḇ* to-the-*mizbēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wă-yiḇneh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'ăḇānîm*": "common noun, feminine plural with definite article - the stones", "*mizbēaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular - altar", "*šēm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wă-ya'aś*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*tĕ'ālâ*": "common noun, feminine singular - trench/channel", "*bêt*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*sā'tāyim*": "common noun, dual form - two seahs", "*zera'*": "common noun, masculine singular - seed", "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*mizbēaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the altar" }, "variants": { "*tĕ'ālâ*": "trench/channel/conduit", "*bêt* *sā'tāyim* *zera'*": "space that would contain two seahs of seed (measurement of volume/capacity)", "*sā'tāyim*": "two seahs (ancient measure of volume)" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.33", "source": "וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ אֶת־הָֽעֵצִ֑ים וַיְנַתַּח֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֔ר וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃", "text": "*wă-ya'ărōḵ* *'et*-the-*'ēṣîm* *wă-yĕnattaḥ* *'et*-the-*pār* *wă-yāśem* on-the-*'ēṣîm*", "grammar": { "*wă-ya'ărōḵ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arranged", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'ēṣîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the wood/pieces of wood", "*wă-yĕnattaḥ*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cut in pieces", "*pār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the bull", "*wă-yāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he placed", "*'ēṣîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the wood/pieces of wood" }, "variants": { "*ya'ărōḵ*": "arrange/set in order/prepare", "*'ēṣîm*": "wood/timber/trees", "*yĕnattaḥ*": "cut in pieces/dismember", "*pār*": "bull/young bull" } } 34 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.34", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מִלְא֨וּ אַרְבָּעָ֤ה כַדִּים֙ מַ֔יִם וְיִֽצְק֥וּ עַל־הָעֹלָ֖ה וְעַל־הָעֵצִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁנוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁנ֔וּ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שַׁלֵּ֖שׁוּ וַיְשַׁלֵּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*wă-yō'mer* *mil'û* *'arbā'â* *kaddîm* *mayim* *wĕ-yiṣqû* on-the-*'ōlâ* and-on-the-*'ēṣîm* *wă-yō'mer* *šĕnû* *wă-yišnû* *wă-yō'mer* *šallēšû* *wă-yĕšallēšû*", "grammar": { "*wă-yō'mer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*mil'û*": "piel imperative masculine plural - fill", "*'arbā'â*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*kaddîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - jars/containers", "*mayim*": "common noun, masculine plural - water", "*wĕ-yiṣqû*": "waw conjunctive + qal imperative masculine plural - and pour", "*'ōlâ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the burnt offering", "*'ēṣîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the wood", "*šĕnû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - do again/repeat", "*wă-yišnû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they repeated", "*šallēšû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - do a third time", "*wă-yĕšallēšû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they did a third time" }, "variants": { "*kaddîm*": "jars/containers/vessels", "*'ōlâ*": "burnt offering/that which goes up", "*šĕnû*": "do a second time/repeat", "*šallēšû*": "do a third time/triple" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.35", "source": "וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם סָבִ֖יב לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְגַ֥ם אֶת־הַתְּעָלָ֖ה מִלֵּא־מָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wă-yēlĕḵû* the-*mayim* *sāḇîḇ* to-the-*mizbēaḥ* and-also *'et*-the-*tĕ'ālâ* *millē'*-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*wă-yēlĕḵû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went/ran", "*mayim*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*mizbēaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the altar", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*tĕ'ālâ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the trench", "*millē'*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he filled", "*māyim*": "common noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*yēlĕḵû*": "went/ran/flowed", "*tĕ'ālâ*": "trench/channel/conduit" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.36", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּעֲל֣וֹת הַמִּנְחָ֗ה וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אֵלִיָּ֣הוּ הַנָּבִיא֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָם֙ יִצְחָ֣ק וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיּ֣וֹם יִוָּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־אַתָּ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַאֲנִ֣י עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וּבִדְבָרְךָ֣ עָשִׂ֔יתִי אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*wă-yĕhî* in-*ba'ălôt* the-*minḥâ* *wă-yiggaš* *'ēlîyāhû* the-*nāḇî'* *wă-yō'mar* *YHWH* *'ĕlōhê* *'aḇrāhām* *yiṣḥāq* and-*yiśrā'ēl* the-*yôm* *yiwwāda'* that-you *'ĕlōhîm* in-*yiśrā'ēl* and-I *'aḇdeḵā* and-in-*diḇārĕḵā* *'āśîtî* *'ēt* all-the-*dĕḇārîm* the-*hā'ēlleh*", "grammar": { "*wă-yĕhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*ba'ălôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - in the going up/offering of", "*minḥâ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the offering/grain offering", "*wă-yiggaš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he approached", "*'ēlîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*nāḇî'*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*wă-yō'mar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ĕlōhê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*'aḇrāhām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abraham", "*yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Isaac", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*yiwwāda'*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be known", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - God", "*'aḇdeḵā*": "common noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*diḇārĕḵā*": "common noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your word", "*'āśîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have done", "*'ēt*": "direct object marker", "*dĕḇārîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the things/words", "*hā'ēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine plural - these" }, "variants": { "*minḥâ*": "offering/grain offering/tribute", "*nāḇî'*": "prophet/spokesperson", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*diḇārĕḵā*": "your word/your command/your matter", "*dĕḇārîm*": "words/things/matters" } } 37 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.37", "source": "עֲנֵ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ עֲנֵ֔נִי וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְאַתָּ֛ה הֲסִבֹּ֥תָ אֶת־לִבָּ֖ם אֲחֹרַנִּֽית׃", "text": "*'ănēnî* *YHWH* *'ănēnî* *wĕ-yēdĕ'û* the-*'ām* the-*zeh* that-you *YHWH* the-*'ĕlōhîm* and-you *hăsibbōtā* *'et*-*libbām* *'ăḥōrannît*", "grammar": { "*'ănēnî*": "qal imperative masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - answer me", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wĕ-yēdĕ'û*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they will know", "*'ām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God", "*hăsibbōtā*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have turned", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*libbām*": "common noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*'ăḥōrannît*": "adverb - backward/back again" }, "variants": { "*'ănēnî*": "answer me/respond to me", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*hăsibbōtā*": "turned/turned back/caused to turn", "*'ăḥōrannît*": "backward/back again/in return" } } 38 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.38", "source": "וַתִּפֹּ֣ל אֵשׁ־יְהוָ֗ה וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶת־הָֽעֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣עֵצִ֔ים וְאֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֖ים וְאֶת־הֶעָפָ֑ר וְאֶת־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּתְּעָלָ֖ה לִחֵֽכָה׃", "text": "*wă-tippōl* *'ēš*-*YHWH* *wă-tō'ḵal* *'et*-the-*'ōlâ* and-*'et*-the-*'ēṣîm* and-*'et*-the-*'ăḇānîm* and-*'et*-the-*'āp̄ār* and-*'et*-the-*mayim* *'ăšer*-in-the-*tĕ'ālâ* *liḥēḵâ*", "grammar": { "*wă-tippōl*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it fell", "*'ēš*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - fire of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wă-tō'ḵal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it consumed", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'ōlâ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the burnt offering", "*'ēṣîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the wood", "*'ăḇānîm*": "common noun, feminine plural with definite article - the stones", "*'āp̄ār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dust", "*mayim*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*tĕ'ālâ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the trench", "*liḥēḵâ*": "piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - it licked up" }, "variants": { "*'ēš*": "fire/flame", "*'ōlâ*": "burnt offering/that which goes up", "*'āp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth", "*tĕ'ālâ*": "trench/channel/conduit", "*liḥēḵâ*": "licked up/consumed" } } 39 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.39", "source": "וַיַּרְא֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*wă-yar'* all-the-*'ām* *wă-yippĕlû* on-*pĕnêhem* *wă-yō'mĕrû* *YHWH* *hû'* the-*'ĕlōhîm* *YHWH* *hû'* the-*'ĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*wă-yar'*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he/it saw", "*'ām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*wă-yippĕlû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they fell", "*pĕnêhem*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*wă-yō'mĕrû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*hû'*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God" }, "variants": { "*'ām*": "people/nation", "*pĕnêhem*": "their faces/their presence", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Kings.18.40", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ לָהֶ֜ם תִּפְשׂ֣וּ ׀ אֶת־נְבִיאֵ֣י הַבַּ֗עַל אִ֛ישׁ אַל־יִמָּלֵ֥ט מֵהֶ֖ם וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֑וּם וַיּוֹרִדֵ֤ם אֵלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֔וֹן וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*wă-yō'mer* *'ēlîyāhû* to-them *tip̄śû* *'et*-*nĕḇî'ê* the-*ba'al* *'îš* not-*yimmālēṭ* from-them *wă-yitpĕśûm* *wă-yôridēm* *'ēlîyāhû* to-*naḥal* *qîšôn* *wă-yišḥāṭēm* there", "grammar": { "*wă-yō'mer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*'ēlîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*tip̄śû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - seize", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*nĕḇî'ê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - prophets of", "*ba'al*": "proper noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Baal", "*'îš*": "common noun, masculine singular - man", "*yimmālēṭ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he escape", "*wă-yitpĕśûm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and they seized them", "*wă-yôridēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he brought them down", "*'ēlîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*naḥal*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - wadi/brook of", "*qîšôn*": "proper noun - Kishon", "*wă-yišḥāṭēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he slaughtered them" }, "variants": { "*tip̄śû*": "seize/capture/grasp", "*nĕḇî'ê*": "prophets/spokespersons", "*yimmālēṭ*": "escape/slip away/be delivered", "*naḥal*": "wadi/brook/valley", "*yišḥāṭēm*": "slaughtered/killed/slew" } }
• 2 Kgs 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.1.2", "source": "וַיִּפֹּ֨ל אֲחַזְיָ֜ה בְּעַ֣ד הַשְּׂבָכָ֗ה בַּעֲלִיָּ֛תוֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֑חַל וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֗ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ לְכ֣וּ דִרְשׁ֗וּ בְּבַ֤עַל זְבוּב֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֔וֹן אִם־אֶחְיֶ֖ה מֵחֳלִ֥י זֶֽה׃ ס", "text": "*wə-yippōl* *ʾĂḥazyāh* *bəʿad* *ha-śəbākāh* *bə-ʿăliyyātô* *ʾăsher* *bə-Shōmərôn* *wə-yāḥal* *wə-yishlaḥ* *malʾākîm* *wə-yōʾmer* *ʾălêhem* *ləkû* *dirshû* *bə-Baʿal zəbûb* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʿEqrôn* *ʾim-ʾeḥyeh* *mē-ḥŏlî* *zeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yippōl*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and fell", "*ʾĂḥazyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahaziah", "*bəʿad*": "preposition - through", "*ha-śəbākāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the lattice", "*bə-ʿăliyyātô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - in his upper chamber", "*ʾăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*bə-Shōmərôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Samaria", "*wə-yāḥal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became sick", "*wə-yishlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ləkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go", "*dirshû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - inquire/seek", "*bə-Baʿal zəbûb*": "preposition + proper noun compound - of Baal-zebub", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - god of", "*ʿEqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*ʾim-ʾeḥyeh*": "conditional particle + qal imperfect, 1st singular - if I will recover", "*mē-ḥŏlî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from illness", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*bəʿad*": "through/around/behind", "*śəbākāh*": "lattice/network/grating", "*yāḥal*": "became sick/was injured", "*dirshû*": "inquire/seek/consult", "*Baʿal zəbûb*": "lord of flies/Baal of Ekron", "*ʾeḥyeh*": "recover/live/survive" } }
• 2 Kgs 10:28 : 28 { "verseID": "2 Kings.10.28", "source": "וַיַּשְׁמֵ֥ד יֵה֛וּא אֶת־הַבַּ֖עַל מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *šāmad* *Yēhûʾ* [obj]-the-*Baʿal* from-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*šāmad*": "verb, hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed/exterminated", "*Yēhûʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jehu", "*Baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*šāmad*": "destroy/exterminate/annihilate/eradicate" } }
• 2 Kgs 21:3 : 3 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִבַּ֖ד חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּחֹ֜ת לַבַּ֗עַל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֲשֵׁרָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yāshāb* *wa-yiben* *'et*-the-*bāmôt* *'ăsher* *'ibbad* *Ḥizqîyāhû* *'ābîw* *wa-yāqem* *mizbĕḥōt* to-*ba'al* *wa-ya'as* *'ăshērāh* *ka'ăsher* *'āsāh* *'Aḥ'āb* *melek* *Yisrā'ēl* *wa-yishtaḥû* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* *wa-ya'ăbōd* *'ōtām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the high places", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*'ibbad*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*'ābîw*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa-yāqem*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ba'al*": "proper noun with preposition - to/for Baal", "*wa-ya'as*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*'ăshērāh*": "proper noun/cultic object - Asherah pole", "*ka'ăsher*": "preposition + relative particle - as/like", "*'āsāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*'Aḥ'āb*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*melek*": "construct state - king of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yishtaḥû*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven/sky", "*wa-ya'ăbōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "he returned/he turned back/he did again", "*bāmôt*": "high places/altars on hills/sacred platforms", "*'ibbad*": "destroyed/obliterated/removed", "*'ăshērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/goddess image", "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude" } }
• Job 8:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Job.8.13", "source": "כֵּ֗ן אָ֭רְחוֹת כָּל־שֹׁ֣כְחֵי אֵ֑ל וְתִקְוַ֖ת חָנֵ֣ף תֹּאבֵֽד׃", "text": "So *kēn ʾorḥôt kol-šōḵĕḥê ʾēl wĕ-tiqwat ḥānēp tōʾbēd*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*ʾorḥôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - paths/ways of", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*šōḵĕḥê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - ones forgetting", "*ʾēl*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*wĕ-tiqwat*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular construct - and hope of", "*ḥānēp*": "adjective masculine singular - godless/profane", "*tōʾbēd*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - perishes/is destroyed" }, "variants": { "*ʾorḥôt*": "paths/ways/courses", "*šōḵĕḥê*": "ones forgetting/forgetting ones/those who forget", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity", "*tiqwat*": "hope/expectation", "*ḥānēp*": "godless/profane/impious", "*tōʾbēd*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost" } }
• Ps 78:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.11", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכְּח֥וּ עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יו וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶרְאָֽם׃", "text": "And they *wayyišəkᵉḥû* his *ʿălîlôtāyw* and his *wᵉnip̄lᵉʾôtāyw* *ʾăšer* he *herʾām*", "grammar": { "*wayyišəkᵉḥû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they forgot", "*ʿălîlôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his deeds/works", "*wᵉnip̄lᵉʾôtāyw*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his wonders/marvelous deeds", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*herʾām*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he showed/caused them to see" }, "variants": { "*wayyišəkᵉḥû*": "and they forgot/neglected/ignored", "*ʿălîlôtāyw*": "his deeds/works/actions/practices", "*nip̄lᵉʾôtāyw*": "his wonders/marvelous deeds/miracles", "*herʾām*": "he showed them/caused them to see/displayed to them" } }
• Ps 106:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.13", "source": "מִֽ֭הֲרוּ שָׁכְח֣וּ מַעֲשָׂ֑יו לֹֽא־חִ֝כּ֗וּ לַעֲצָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mihărū* *šākəḥū* *ma'ăśāyw* not-*ḥikkū* for-*'ăṣātō*", "grammar": { "*mihărū*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they hastened/hurried", "*šākəḥū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they forgot", "*ma'ăśāyw*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, plural - his works", "*ḥikkū*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they waited", "*'ăṣātō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his counsel" }, "variants": { "*mihărū*": "they hastened/hurried/were quick", "*šākəḥū*": "they forgot/neglected/ignored", "*ma'ăśāyw*": "his works/deeds/actions", "*ḥikkū*": "they waited/waited patiently/tarried", "*'ăṣātō*": "his counsel/advice/plan" } }
• Ps 106:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.21", "source": "שָׁ֭כְחוּ אֵ֣ל מוֹשִׁיעָ֑ם עֹשֶׂ֖ה גְדֹל֣וֹת בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*šākəḥū* *'ēl* *mōšî'ām* *'ōśeh* *gədōlōt* in-*miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*šākəḥū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they forgot", "*'ēl*": "noun, masculine, singular - God", "*mōšî'ām*": "hiphil participle + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, singular - their savior", "*'ōśeh*": "qal participle, masculine, singular construct - doer of", "*gədōlōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - great things", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*šākəḥū*": "they forgot/neglected/ignored", "*'ēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*mōšî'ām*": "their savior/deliverer/rescuer", "*'ōśeh*": "doer/maker/performer", "*gədōlōt*": "great things/mighty deeds/wonders", "*miṣrāyim*": "Egypt/Mitzrayim" } }
• Isa 17:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.17.10", "source": "כִּ֤י שָׁכַ֙חַתְּ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְ וְצ֥וּר מָעֻזֵּ֖ךְ לֹ֣א זָכָ֑רְתְּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּטְּעִי֙ נִטְעֵ֣י נַעֲמָנִ֔ים וּזְמֹ֥רַת זָ֖ר תִּזְרָעֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "For *šāḵaḥat* *ʾĕlōhê* *yišʿēḵ* *wə-ṣûr* *māʿuzzēḵ* *lōʾ* *zāḵārt* therefore *tiṭṭəʿî* *niṭʿê* *naʿămānîm* *û-zəmōraṯ* *zār* *tizrāʿennû*", "grammar": { "For": "conjunction כִּי - for/because", "*šāḵaḥat*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have forgotten", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yišʿēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your salvation", "*wə-ṣûr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and rock of", "*māʿuzzēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your stronghold", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zāḵārt*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have remembered", "therefore": "preposition עַל + adverb כֵּן - therefore/because of this", "*tiṭṭəʿî*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will plant", "*niṭʿê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - plants of", "*naʿămānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - pleasantness/pleasant plants", "*û-zəmōraṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and vine/branch/slip of", "*zār*": "adjective, masculine singular - strange/foreign", "*tizrāʿennû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - you will sow it" }, "variants": { "*yišʿēḵ*": "your salvation/your deliverance", "*ṣûr*": "rock/refuge/strength", "*māʿuzzēḵ*": "your stronghold/your fortress/your strength", "*niṭʿê*": "plants/plantings", "*naʿămānîm*": "pleasant plants/pleasant things/delightful plants", "*zəmōraṯ*": "vine/branch/slip", "*zār*": "strange/foreign/alien" } }
• Jer 2:23-25 : 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.23", "source": "אֵ֣יךְ תֹּאמְרִ֞י לֹ֣א נִטְמֵ֗אתִי אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ לֹ֣א הָלַ֔כְתִּי רְאִ֤י דַרְכֵּךְ֙ בַּגַּ֔יְא דְּעִ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑ית בִּכְרָ֥ה קַלָּ֖ה מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת דְּרָכֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾêk* *tōʾmərî* *lōʾ* *niṭmēʾtî* *ʾaḥărê* *habbəʿālîm* *lōʾ* *hālaktî* *rəʾî* *darkēk* *baggayʾ* *dəʿî* *meh* *ʿāśît* *bikrāh* *qallāh* *məśāreket* *dərākêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾêk*": "interrogative - how", "*tōʾmərî*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - you say", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*niṭmēʾtî*": "perfect Niphal, 1st singular - I am defiled", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*habbəʿālîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Baals", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hālaktî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I have gone/walked", "*rəʾî*": "imperative Qal, feminine singular - see", "*darkēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*baggayʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the valley", "*dəʿî*": "imperative Qal, feminine singular - know", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*ʿāśît*": "perfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - you have done", "*bikrāh*": "feminine singular noun - young female camel", "*qallāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - swift/light", "*məśāreket*": "participle Piel, feminine singular - entangling/interlacing", "*dərākêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ways" }, "variants": { "*tōʾmərî*": "you say/claim/assert", "*niṭmēʾtî*": "I am defiled/polluted/unclean", "*bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters (pagan deities)", "*hālaktî*": "I have gone/walked/followed", "*darkēk*": "your way/path/conduct", "*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine (possibly referring to valley of Hinnom where child sacrifices occurred)", "*ʿāśît*": "you have done/made/committed", "*bikrāh*": "young female camel/young dromedary", "*qallāh*": "swift/light/nimble", "*məśāreket*": "entangling/interlacing/crisscrossing/traversing rapidly" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.24", "source": "פֶּ֣רֶה ׀ לִמֻּ֣ד מִדְבָּ֗ר בְּאַוַּ֤ת נפשו נַפְשָׁהּ֙ שָׁאֲפָ֣ה ר֔וּחַ תַּאֲנָתָ֖הּ מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נָּה כָּל־מְבַקְשֶׁ֙יהָ֙ לֹ֣א יִיעָ֔פוּ בְּחָדְשָׁ֖הּ יִמְצָאֽוּנְהָ׃", "text": "*pereʾ* *limmud* *midbār* *bəʾawwat* *nafšāh* *šāʾăfāh* *rûaḥ* *taʾănātāh* *mî* *yəšîbennāh* *kol*-*məbaqšêhā* *lōʾ* *yîʿāfû* *bəḥodšāh* *yimṣāʾûnhā*", "grammar": { "*pereʾ*": "masculine singular noun - wild donkey", "*limmud*": "passive participle Pual, masculine singular - accustomed to/taught", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*bəʾawwat*": "preposition + construct feminine singular noun - in the desire of", "*nafšāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her soul/appetite (Qere, corrected reading)", "*šāʾăfāh*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - she snuffs up/pants after", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/breath", "*taʾănātāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her desire/craving", "*mî*": "interrogative - who", "*yəšîbennāh*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - can turn her back", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*məbaqšêhā*": "masculine plural participle Piel with 3rd feminine singular suffix - those seeking her", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yîʿāfû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they will weary/tire", "*bəḥodšāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her month", "*yimṣāʾûnhā*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will find her" }, "variants": { "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*limmud*": "accustomed to/taught/trained", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*ʾawwat*": "desire/lust/craving", "*nafšāh*": "her soul/appetite/desire (textual variant: *nafšô* = his soul or *nafšāh* = her soul)", "*šāʾăfāh*": "she snuffs up/pants after/eagerly inhales", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/air", "*taʾănātāh*": "her desire/craving/lust", "*yəšîbennāh*": "can turn her back/restrain her/hold her back", "*məbaqšêhā*": "those seeking her/pursuing her/searching for her", "*yîʿāfû*": "they will weary/tire/exhaust themselves", "*ḥodšāh*": "her month/her time of heat/her mating season", "*yimṣāʾûnhā*": "they will find her/encounter her" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.25", "source": "מִנְעִ֤י רַגְלֵךְ֙ מִיָּחֵ֔ף וגורנך וּגְרוֹנֵ֖ךְ מִצִּמְאָ֑ה וַתֹּאמְרִ֣י נוֹאָ֔שׁ ל֕וֹא כִּֽי־אָהַ֥בְתִּי זָרִ֖ים וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֥ם אֵלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*minʿî* *raglēk* *miyyāḥēf* *ūgərônēk* *miṣṣimʾāh* *wattōʾmərî* *nôʾāš* *lôʾ* *kî*-*ʾāhabtî* *zārîm* *wəʾaḥărêhem* *ʾēlēk*", "grammar": { "*minʿî*": "imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - withhold/keep back", "*raglēk*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your feet", "*miyyāḥēf*": "preposition + infinitive Qal - from being unshod/barefoot", "*ūgərônēk*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your throat (Qere, corrected reading)", "*miṣṣimʾāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - from thirst", "*wattōʾmərî*": "consecutive imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - but you said", "*nôʾāš*": "passive participle Niphal, masculine singular - it is hopeless/desperate", "*lôʾ*": "negative particle - no", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāhabtî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I have loved", "*zārîm*": "masculine plural adjective - strangers/foreigners", "*wəʾaḥărêhem*": "conjunction + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and after them", "*ʾēlēk*": "imperfect Qal, 1st singular - I will go" }, "variants": { "*minʿî*": "withhold/keep back/restrain", "*raglēk*": "your feet/your foot (dual form)", "*yāḥēf*": "being unshod/barefoot/bare", "*gərônēk*": "your throat/neck (textual variant: *gərônēk* [Qere] vs. *gôrnēk* [Ketiv])", "*ṣimʾāh*": "thirst/dryness", "*nôʾāš*": "it is hopeless/desperate/in vain", "*ʾāhabtî*": "I have loved/desired/preferred", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*ʾēlēk*": "I will go/follow/pursue" } }
• Jer 2:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.32", "source": "הֲתִשְׁכַּ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ עֶדְיָ֔הּ כַּלָּ֖ה קִשֻּׁרֶ֑יהָ וְעַמִּ֣י שְׁכֵח֔וּנִי יָמִ֖ים אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*hătiškaḥ* *bətûlāh* *ʿedyāh* *kallāh* *qiššurêhā* *wəʿammî* *šəkēḥûnî* *yāmîm* *ʾên* *mispār*", "grammar": { "*hătiškaḥ*": "interrogative + imperfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - does she forget", "*bətûlāh*": "feminine singular noun - virgin/maiden", "*ʿedyāh*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ornaments/jewelry", "*kallāh*": "feminine singular noun - bride", "*qiššurêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sashes/bands/attire", "*wəʿammî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - yet my people", "*šəkēḥûnî*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural with 1st singular suffix - they have forgotten me", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʾên*": "particle of non-existence - without", "*mispār*": "masculine singular noun - number/count" }, "variants": { "*tiškaḥ*": "does she forget/does she neglect", "*bətûlāh*": "virgin/maiden/young woman", "*ʿedyāh*": "her ornaments/jewelry/adornments", "*kallāh*": "bride/daughter-in-law", "*qiššurêhā*": "her sashes/bands/ribbons/bridal attire", "*šəkēḥûnî*": "they have forgotten me/they have neglected me", "*ʾên mispār*": "without number/countless/innumerable" } }