Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.24.2", "source": "וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֙בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* like-the-*ʿām* like-the-*kōhēn*, like-the-*ʿebed* like-*ʾadōnāyw*, like-the-*šipḥāh* like-*gəbirtāh*, like-the-*qōneh* like-the-*mōkēr*, like-the-*malweh* like-the-*lōweh*, like-the-*nōšeh* like-*ʾašer* *nōśēʾ* in-him", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the people", "*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the priest", "*ʿebed*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the servant", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix with preposition כ - like his masters", "*šipḥāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the maidservant", "*gəbirtāh*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix with preposition כ - like her mistress", "*qōneh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the buyer", "*mōkēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the seller", "*malweh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the lender", "*lōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the borrower", "*nōšeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with preposition כ and definite article - like the creditor", "*ʾašer*": "relative pronoun with preposition כ - like one who", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bearing/carrying/owing", "בֽוֹ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him/to him" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall happen", "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave", "*ʾadōnāyw*": "his masters/his lords", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave", "*gəbirtāh*": "her mistress/her lady", "*qōneh*": "buyer/purchaser", "*mōkēr*": "seller/vendor", "*malweh*": "lender/creditor", "*lōweh*": "borrower/debtor", "*nōšeh*": "creditor/one who lends", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearing/carrying/owing debt" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Folkene vil være som prester, og tjenerne som sine herrer, tjenestepikene som sine fruer, kjøperne som selgerne, långiverne som låntakerne, kreditorene som skyldnerne; alle er i samme situasjon.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og det skal være slik med folket som med presten; slik med tjeneren som med herren; slik med tjenestepiken som med fruen; slik med kjøperen som med selgeren; slik med långiveren som med låntageren; slik med den som tar renter som med den som gir renter.

• Norsk King James

  Og det skal bli slik at folket er som presten; tjeneren som sin herre, piken som sin frue, kjøperen som selgeren, långiveren som låntakeren, og han som krever renter, som han som gir renter.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og det skal gå for presten som for folket, for tjeneren som for hans herre, for tjenestepiken som for hennes frue, for den som kjøper som for den som selger, for den som låner ut som for den som låner, for den som krever lån som for den som betaler.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Det skal bli som med folket, slik med presten; som med tjeneren, slik med hans herre; som med tjenestepiken, slik med hennes frue; som med kjøperen, slik med selgeren; som med utlåneren, slik med låntakeren; som med kreditoren, slik med skyldneren.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Det skal bli slik at både folket og presten, den tjenende og hans herre, tjenestepiken og hennes frue, kjøperen og selgeren, långiveren og låntakeren, den som krever renter og den som gir dem, alle blir likestilt.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Så skal det bli: som med folket, så med presten; som med tjeneren, så med hans herre; som med tjenestepiken, så med hennes herre; som med kjøperen, så med selgeren; som med utlåneren, så med låntakeren; som med den som tar ut rente, så med den som yter ham rente.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Det skal bli slik at både folket og presten, den tjenende og hans herre, tjenestepiken og hennes frue, kjøperen og selgeren, långiveren og låntakeren, den som krever renter og den som gir dem, alle blir likestilt.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Da skal det skje med folket som med presten, med tjeneren som med hans herre, med tjenestepiken som med hennes frue, med kjøperen som med selgeren, med långiveren som med låntakeren, med kreditoren som med skyldneren.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  It will be the same for the people as for the priest, the servant as for his master, the maid as for her mistress, the buyer as for the seller, the lender as for the borrower, the creditor as for the debtor.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Det skal bli som for folket, så for presten; som for tjeneren, så for hans herre; som for tjenestekvinnen, så for hennes frue; som for kjøperen, så for selgeren; som for långiveren, så for låntakeren; som for kreditoren, så for skyldneren.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og det skal gaae Præsten saasom Folket, Tjeneren saasom hans Herre, Tjenestepigen saasom hendes Frue, den, der kjøber, saasom den, der sælger, den, der udlaaner, saasom den, der laaner, den, der sætter paa Aager, saasom den, der tager paa Aager af ham.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Og det skal være som med folket, så med presten; som med tjeneren, så med hans herre; som med tjenestepiken, så med hennes frue; som med kjøperen, så med selgeren; som med långiveren, så med låntakeren; som med kreditoren, så med skyldneren.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of interest, so with the giver of interest to him.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Det skal være som med folket, så med presten; som med tjeneren, så med hans herre; som med tjenestepiken, så med hennes frue; som med kjøperen, så med selgeren; som med lånegiveren, så med låntakeren; som med den som tar rente, så med den som gir rente til ham.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Det skal være likt for folk som for prest, som tjeneren for hans herre, som tjenestepiken for hennes frue, som kjøperen for selgeren, som utlåneren for låneren, som långiveren for skyldneren.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Det blir som med folket, så med presten; som med tjeneren, så med hans herre; som med tjenestepiken, så med hennes frue; som med kjøperen, så med selgeren; som med långiveren, så med skyldneren; som med den som tar renter, så med den som gir renter.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og det vil være det samme for folket som for presten; for tjeneren som for hans herre; og for tjenestepiken som for hennes eier; det samme for den som tilbyr varer for en pris som for den som tar dem; det samme for den som låner ut penger mot renter som for den som tar dem; det samme for den som lar andre bruke eiendommen sin som for de som bruker den.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then shal the prest be as the people, the master as the seruaunt, the dame like the mayde, the seller like the byer, he that ledeth vpon vsury, like him yt boroweth vpo vsury, the creditoure, as the detter.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And there shalbe like people, like Priest, and like seruaunt, like master, like maide, like mistresse, like bier, like seller, like lender, like borower, like giuer, like taker to vsurie.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the priest shalbe as the people, and the maister as the seruaunt, the mistresse lyke the mayde, the seller lyke the byer, he that lendeth vpon vsurie, like him that boroweth vpon vsurie, the creditour as the dettour.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  It shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the creditor, so with the debtor; as with the taker of interest, so with the giver of interest to him.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it hath been -- as a people so a priest, As the servant so his master, As the maid-servant so her mistress, As the buyer so the seller, As the lender so the borrower, As the usurer so he who is lifting `it' on himself.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the creditor, so with the debtor; as with the taker of interest, so with the giver of interest to him.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And it will be the same for the people as for the priest; for the servant as for his master; and for the woman-servant as for her owner; the same for the one offering goods for a price as for him who takes them; the same for him who gives money at interest and for him who takes it; the same for him who lets others have the use of his property as for those who make use of it.

• World English Bible (2000)

  It will be as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the creditor, so with the debtor; as with the taker of interest, so with the giver of interest.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Everyone will suffer– the priest as well as the people, the master as well as the servant, the elegant lady as well as the female attendant, the seller as well as the buyer, the borrower as well as the lender, the creditor as well as the debtor.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 4:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.9", "source": "וְהָיָ֥ה כָעָ֖ם כַּכֹּהֵ֑ן וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ דְּרָכָ֔יו וּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו אָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* *kāʿām* *kakkōhēn* *û-pāqadtî* *ʿālāyw* *dərākāyw* *û-maʿălālāyw* *ʾāšîb* *lô*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kāʿām*": "preposition + noun with definite article, masculine singular - like the people", "*kakkōhēn*": "preposition + noun with definite article, masculine singular - like the priest", "*û-pāqadtî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st person singular - and I will visit/punish", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*dərākāyw*": "noun, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*û-maʿălālāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his deeds/actions", "*ʾāšîb*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, hiphil - I will return/repay", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to", "*derek*": "way/road/path/manner/custom", "*maʿălāl*": "deed/action/practice", "*šûb* (hiphil)": "return/restore/bring back/repay" } }
• Ezek 7:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.12", "source": "בָּ֤א הָעֵת֙ הִגִּ֣יעַ הַיּ֔וֹם הַקּוֹנֶה֙ אַל־יִשְׂמָ֔ח וְהַמּוֹכֵ֖ר אַל־יִתְאַבָּ֑ל כִּ֥י חָר֖וֹן אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָֽהּ׃", "text": "*bāʾ* *hā-ʿēṯ* *higgîaʿ* *ha-yôm* *ha-qôneh* *ʾal*-*yiśmāḥ* *wə-ha-môkēr* *ʾal*-*yiṯʾabbāl* *kî* *ḥārôn* *ʾel*-*kol*-*hămônāh*", "grammar": { "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come", "*hā-ʿēṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the time", "*higgîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has arrived/reached", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ha-qôneh*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the buyer", "*ʾal*-*yiśmāḥ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let not rejoice", "*wə-ha-môkēr*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - and the seller", "*ʾal*-*yiṯʾabbāl*": "negative particle + hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let not mourn", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥārôn*": "noun, masculine singular - burning anger", "*ʾel*-*kol*-*hămônāh*": "preposition + construct + noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon all its multitude" }, "variants": { "*qôneh*": "buyer/purchaser", "*yiśmāḥ*": "rejoice/be glad", "*môkēr*": "seller/vendor", "*yiṯʾabbāl*": "mourn/lament/grieve", "*ḥārôn*": "burning anger/wrath/heat", "*hămônāh*": "multitude/crowd/abundance" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.13", "source": "כִּ֣י הַמּוֹכֵ֗ר אֶל־הַמִּמְכָּר֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב וְע֥וֹד בַּחַיִּ֖ים חַיָּתָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָז֤וֹן אֶל־כָּל־הֲמוֹנָהּ֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב וְאִ֧ישׁ בַּעֲוֺנ֛וֹ חַיָּת֖וֹ לֹ֥א יִתְחַזָּֽקוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *ha-môkēr* *ʾel*-*ha-mimkār* *lōʾ* *yāšûḇ* *wə-ʿôḏ* *ba-ḥayyîm* *ḥayyāṯām* *kî*-*ḥāzôn* *ʾel*-*kol*-*hămônāh* *lōʾ* *yāšûḇ* *wə-ʾîš* *ba-ʿăwōnô* *ḥayyāṯô* *lōʾ* *yiṯḥazzāqû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ha-môkēr*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the seller", "*ʾel*-*ha-mimkār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the thing sold", "*lōʾ* *yāšûḇ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not return", "*wə-ʿôḏ*": "conjunction + adverb - and yet/still", "*ba-ḥayyîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in life", "*ḥayyāṯām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*kî*-*ḥāzôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - for vision/prophecy", "*ʾel*-*kol*-*hămônāh*": "preposition + construct + noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to all its multitude", "*lōʾ* *yāšûḇ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not turn back", "*wə-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ba-ʿăwōnô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his iniquity", "*ḥayyāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his life", "*lōʾ* *yiṯḥazzāqû*": "negative particle + hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will not strengthen themselves" }, "variants": { "*môkēr*": "seller/vendor", "*mimkār*": "thing sold/sale/merchandise", "*yāšûḇ*": "return/turn back/repent", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living", "*ḥāzôn*": "vision/prophecy/revelation", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yiṯḥazzāqû*": "strengthen themselves/take courage/prevail" } }
• Ezek 14:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.14.8", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֨י פָנַ֜י בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֗וּא וַהֲשִֽׂמֹתִ֙יהוּ֙ לְא֣וֹת וְלִמְשָׁלִ֔ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֖יו מִתּ֣וֹךְ עַמִּ֑י וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And-*wə-nāṯattî* *p̄ānay* against-the-*ʾîš* the-*hahûʾ* and-*wa-hăśimōṯîhû* for-*ʾôṯ* and-for-*məšālîm* and-*wə-hikrattîw* from-midst of-*ʿammî* and-*wîḏaʿtem* that-I *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-nāṯattî*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will set", "*p̄ānay*": "masculine plural construct + 1st common singular suffix - my face", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative adjective with definite article - that", "*wa-hăśimōṯîhû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will make him", "*ʾôṯ*": "common feminine singular - sign", "*məšālîm*": "masculine plural - proverbs/bywords", "*wə-hikrattîw*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will cut him off", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my people", "*wîḏaʿtem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will know", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "ס": "paragraph marker" }, "variants": { "*nāṯattî*": "set/establish/direct", "*p̄ānay*": "my face/my presence/my attention", "*hăśimōṯîhû*": "make him/set him/place him", "*ʾôṯ*": "sign/token/omen", "*məšālîm*": "proverbs/bywords/object lessons", "*hikrattîw*": "cut him off/remove him/destroy him" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.14.9", "source": "וְהַנָּבִ֤יא כִֽי־יְפֻתֶּה֙ וְדִבֶּ֣ר דָּבָ֔ר אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ פִּתֵּ֔יתִי אֵ֖ת הַנָּבִ֣יא הַה֑וּא וְנָטִ֤יתִי אֶת־יָדִי֙ עָלָ֔יו וְהִ֨שְׁמַדְתִּ֔יו מִתּ֖וֹךְ עַמִּ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-the-*nāḇîʾ* if-*yəp̄utteh* and-*wə-ḏibber* *dāḇār*, I *YHWH* *pittêṯî* *ʾēṯ* the-*nāḇîʾ* the-*hahûʾ* and-*wə-nāṭîṯî* *ʾeṯ*-*yāḏî* against-him and-*wə-hišmaḏtîw* from-midst of-*ʿammî* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*nāḇîʾ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*yəp̄utteh*": "pual imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is deceived/enticed", "*wə-ḏibber*": "waw consecutive + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and speaks", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular - word/thing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*pittêṯî*": "piel perfect, 1st common singular - I have deceived/enticed", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*nāḇîʾ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative adjective with definite article - that", "*wə-nāṭîṯî*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will stretch out", "*yāḏî*": "feminine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my hand", "*wə-hišmaḏtîw*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will destroy him", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my people", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəp̄utteh*": "is deceived/is persuaded/is enticed", "*ḏibber*": "speaks/talks/declares", "*dāḇār*": "word/thing/matter", "*pittêṯî*": "have deceived/have enticed/have persuaded", "*nāṭîṯî*": "will stretch out/will extend/will direct", "*hišmaḏtîw*": "will destroy him/will eliminate him/will annihilate him" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.14.10", "source": "וְנָשְׂא֖וּ עֲוֺנָ֑ם כַּֽעֲוֺן֙ הַדֹּרֵ֔שׁ כַּעֲוֺ֥ן הַנָּבִ֖יא יִֽהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "And-*wə-nāśəʾû* *ʿăwōnām* like-*ka-ʿăwōn* the-*had-dōrēš* like-*ka-ʿăwōn* the-*han-nāḇîʾ* *yihyeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-nāśəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will bear", "*ʿăwōnām*": "masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*ka-ʿăwōn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - like the iniquity of", "*had-dōrēš*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one seeking/inquiring", "*ka-ʿăwōn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - like the iniquity of", "*han-nāḇîʾ*": "definite article + masculine singular - the prophet", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*nāśəʾû*": "bear/carry/suffer the consequence of", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/their guilt/their punishment", "*dōrēš*": "one who seeks/one who inquires/one who consults" } }
• Dan 9:5-8 : 5 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.5", "source": "חָטָ֥אנוּ וְעָוִ֖ינוּ *והרשענו **הִרְשַׁ֣עְנוּ וּמָרָ֑דְנוּ וְס֥וֹר מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖ךָ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*ḥāṭāʾnû* and *ʿāwînû* and *hiršaʿnû* and *mārāḏnû* and *sôr* from *miṣwōṯeḵā* and from *mišpāṭeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have sinned", "*ʿāwînû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have committed iniquity", "*hiršaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, hiphil - we have done wickedly", "*mārāḏnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have rebelled", "*sôr*": "infinitive absolute, qal - turning away", "*miṣwōṯeḵā*": "noun, feminine, plural with 2ms suffix - your commandments", "*mišpāṭeḵā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2ms suffix - your judgments/ordinances" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*ʿāwînû*": "we have committed iniquity/twisted/perverted", "*hiršaʿnû*": "we have acted wickedly/done wrong/been guilty", "*mārāḏnû*": "we have rebelled/been disobedient/revolted", "*sôr*": "turning away/departing/deviating", "*mišpāṭeḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/laws" } } 6 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.6", "source": "וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבְּרוּ֙ בְּשִׁמְךָ֔ אֶל־מְלָכֵ֥ינוּ שָׂרֵ֖ינוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And not *šāmaʿnû* to *ʿăḇāḏeḵā* the *nəḇîʾîm* who *dibbərû* in *šimḵā* to *məlāḵênû* *śārênû* and *ʾăḇōṯênû* and to all-*ʿam* the *ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have listened", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 2ms suffix - your servants", "*nəḇîʾîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the prophets", "*dibbərû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they spoke", "*šimḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your name", "*məlāḵênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st plural suffix - our kings", "*śārênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st plural suffix - our princes/officials", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st plural suffix - our fathers", "*ʿam*": "construct state, masculine, singular - people of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the land" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have listened/heard/obeyed", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "your servants/slaves", "*dibbərû*": "they spoke/declared/proclaimed", "*śārênû*": "our princes/officials/rulers", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk" } } 7 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.7", "source": "לְךָ֤ אֲדֹנָי֙ הַצְּדָקָ֔ה וְלָ֛נוּ בֹּ֥שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֖ים כַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לְאִ֤ישׁ יְהוּדָה֙ וּלְיוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּֽלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל הַקְּרֹבִ֣ים וְהָרְחֹקִ֗ים בְּכָל־הָֽאֲרָצוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִדַּחְתָּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בָֽךְ׃", "text": "To you *ʾăḏōnāy* the *ṣəḏāqāh*, and to us *bōšeṯ* the *pānîm* as the *yôm* the *zeh*, to *ʾîš* *yəhûḏāh* and to *yôšḇê* *yərûšālayim* and to all-*yiśrāʾêl* the *qərōḇîm* and the *rəḥōqîm* in all-the *ʾărāṣôṯ* which *hiddaḥtām* there in *maʿălām* which *māʿălû*-in you.", "grammar": { "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*ṣəḏāqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the righteousness", "*bōšeṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - shame", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the face", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine, singular - this", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - men of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yôšḇê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - inhabitants of", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qərōḇîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural with definite article - the near ones", "*rəḥōqîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural with definite article - the far ones", "*ʾărāṣôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the lands", "*hiddaḥtām*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, hiphil with 3mp suffix - you have driven them", "*maʿălām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mpl suffix - their unfaithfulness", "*māʿălû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they committed/acted unfaithfully" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḏāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*bōšeṯ*": "shame/humiliation/disgrace", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/countenance", "*qərōḇîm*": "near ones/those who are near", "*rəḥōqîm*": "far ones/those who are far", "*hiddaḥtām*": "you have driven/scattered/banished them", "*maʿălām*": "their unfaithfulness/treachery/rebellion" } } 8 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.8", "source": "יְהוָ֗ה לָ֚נוּ בֹּ֣שֶׁת הַפָּנִ֔ים לִמְלָכֵ֥ינוּ לְשָׂרֵ֖ינוּ וְלַאֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖אנוּ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*YHWH*, to us *bōšeṯ* the *pānîm*, to *məlāḵênû*, to *śārênû*, and to *ʾăḇōṯênû* who *ḥāṭāʾnû* to you.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*bōšeṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - shame", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the face", "*məlāḵênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our kings", "*śārênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our princes/officials", "*ʾăḇōṯênû*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1pl suffix - our fathers", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have sinned" }, "variants": { "*bōšeṯ*": "shame/humiliation/disgrace", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/countenance", "*śārênû*": "our princes/officials/rulers", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed" } }
• Eph 6:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.8", "source": "Εἰδότες ὅτι ὃ ἐάν τι ἕκαστος ποιήσῃ ἀγαθόν, τοῦτο κομιεῖται παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, εἴτε δοῦλος εἴτε ἐλεύθερος.", "text": "*Eidotes* that *ho ean ti* each one *poiēsē agathon*, this he *komieitai* from the *Kyriou*, whether *doulos* whether *eleutheros*.", "grammar": { "*Eidotes*": "perfect participle, nominative, masculine, plural - knowing [completed action with continuing results]", "*ho ean ti*": "relative pronoun + conditional particle + indefinite pronoun - whatever [thing]", "*poiēsē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might do/perform", "*agathon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - good", "*komieitai*": "future indicative, 3rd person singular, middle - will receive back/obtain", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - from Lord/Master", "*doulos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - slave/servant", "*eleutheros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - free person" }, "variants": { "*Eidotes*": "knowing/understanding/being aware", "*poiēsē*": "might do/perform/accomplish", "*agathon*": "good/beneficial/useful", "*komieitai*": "will receive back/obtain/get back/be repaid", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/Master [divine title]", "*doulos*": "slave/bondservant/servant", "*eleutheros*": "free person/free man/one who is not a slave" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ephesians.6.9", "source": "Καὶ, οἱ κύριοι, τὰ αὐτὰ ποιεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς, ἀνιέντες τὴν ἀπειλήν: εἰδότες ὅτι καὶ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ὁ Κύριός ἐστιν ἐν οὐρανοῖς· καὶ προσωποληψία οὐκ ἔστιν παρʼ αὐτῷ.", "text": "And, the *kyrioi*, the same things *poieite pros* them, *anientes* the *apeilēn*: *eidotes* that also of you yourselves the *Kyrios estin* in *ouranois*; and *prosōpolēpsia ouk estin par'* him.", "grammar": { "*kyrioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - masters/lords", "*poieite*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - do/practice [continuous command]", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - toward/to", "*anientes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - giving up/forsaking [continuous action]", "*apeilēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - threatening/threat", "*eidotes*": "perfect participle, nominative, masculine, plural - knowing [completed action with continuing results]", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*ouranois*": "dative, masculine, plural - heavens", "*prosōpolēpsia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - favoritism/partiality", "*ouk estin*": "negative + present indicative, 3rd person singular - is not", "*par'*": "preposition + dative - with/beside" }, "variants": { "*kyrioi*": "masters/lords/owners", "*poieite*": "do/practice/perform", "*pros*": "toward/to/with regard to", "*anientes*": "giving up/forsaking/refraining from", "*apeilēn*": "threatening/threat/intimidation", "*eidotes*": "knowing/understanding/being aware", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/Master [divine title]", "*ouranois*": "heavens/sky/celestial realm", "*prosōpolēpsia*": "favoritism/partiality/respect of persons" } }
• Gen 41:50 : 50 { "verseID": "Genesis.41.50", "source": "וּלְיוֹסֵ֤ף יֻלַּד֙ שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא שְׁנַ֣ת הָרָעָ֑ב אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָֽלְדָה־לּוֹ֙ אָֽסְנַ֔ת בַּת־פּ֥וֹטִי‪[c]‬ פֶ֖רַע כֹּהֵ֥ן אֽוֹן׃", "text": "*û-ləyôsēp̄ yullad šənê ḇānîm bəṭerem tāḇôʾ šənat hārāʿāḇ ʾăšer yāldāh-lô ʾāsnat bat-pôṭî p̄eraʿ kōhēn ʾôn*", "grammar": { "*û-ləyôsēp̄*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and to Joseph", "*yullad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was born", "*šənê*": "noun dual construct - two of", "*ḇānîm*": "noun masculine plural - sons", "*bəṭerem*": "preposition + adverb - before", "*tāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - would come", "*šənat*": "noun feminine singular construct - year of", "*hārāʿāḇ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the famine", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*yāldāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she bore", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him/for him", "*ʾāsnat*": "proper noun (feminine) - Asenath", "*bat*": "noun feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*pôṭî p̄eraʿ*": "proper noun - Potiphera", "*kōhēn*": "noun masculine singular construct - priest of", "*ʾôn*": "proper noun - On (Heliopolis)" }, "variants": { "*bəṭerem tāḇôʾ*": "before came/before the arrival of", "*yāldāh-lô*": "bore to him/gave birth for him", "*kōhēn*": "priest/official" } }
• Lev 25:36-37 : 36 { "verseID": "Leviticus.25.36", "source": "אַל־תִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֔ית וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֽ͏ֵאֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְחֵ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "Not *tiqqaḥ* from-him *nešek* and-*tarbit* and-*yarēʾta* from-*ʾĕlōhêkā* and-*ḥêy* *ʾāḥîkā* with-you.", "grammar": { "*tiqqaḥ*": "2nd person masculine singular qal imperfect - you shall take", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun - interest/usury", "*tarbit*": "feminine singular noun - increase/profit", "*yarēʾta*": "2nd person masculine singular qal perfect - you shall fear", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your God", "*ḥêy*": "masculine singular construct form - life of", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your brother" }, "variants": { "*nešek*": "biting/interest/usury", "*tarbit*": "increase/profit/interest", "*yarēʾta*": "fear/reverence/stand in awe of" } } 37 { "verseID": "Leviticus.25.37", "source": "אֶ֨ת־כַּסְפְּךָ֔ לֹֽא־תִתֵּ֥ן ל֖וֹ בְּנֶ֑שֶׁךְ וּבְמַרְבִּ֖ית לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן אָכְלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*kaspĕkā* not-*tittēn* to-him in-*nešek* and-in-*marbît* not-*tittēn* *ʾoklekā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kaspĕkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your silver/money", "*tittēn*": "2nd person masculine singular qal imperfect - you shall give", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - with interest/usury", "*marbît*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - with increase/profit", "*ʾoklekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your food" }, "variants": { "*nešek*": "biting/interest/usury", "*marbît*": "increase/profit/advance/interest", "*ʾoklekā*": "your food/provisions/sustenance" } }
• Deut 23:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.19", "source": "לֹא־תָבִיא֩ אֶתְנַ֨ן זוֹנָ֜ה וּמְחִ֣יר כֶּ֗לֶב בֵּ֛ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְכָל־נֶ֑דֶר כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ גַּם־שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Not *tābîʾ* *ʾetnan* *zônâ* and-*məḥîr* *keleb* *bêt* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheykā* for-any-*neder* because *tôʿăbat* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheykā* also-both-of-them", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall bring", "*ʾetnan*": "masculine singular construct - hire/wage of", "*zônâ*": "feminine singular noun - prostitute", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*məḥîr*": "masculine singular construct - price of", "*keleb*": "masculine singular noun - dog", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*lə*": "preposition - for", "*kol*": "masculine singular construct - any", "*neder*": "masculine singular noun - vow", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*tôʿăbat*": "feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*šənêhem*": "numeral with 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them" }, "variants": { "*tābîʾ*": "bring/carry in/introduce", "*ʾetnan*": "hire/wages/payment/fee", "*zônâ*": "prostitute/harlot", "*məḥîr*": "price/payment/wage", "*keleb*": "dog/male prostitute", "*neder*": "vow/promise/pledge", "*tôʿăbat*": "abomination/detestable thing" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.20", "source": "לֹא־תַשִּׁ֣יךְ לְאָחִ֔יךָ נֶ֥שֶׁךְ כֶּ֖סֶף נֶ֣שֶׁךְ אֹ֑כֶל נֶ֕שֶׁךְ כָּל־דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּֽׁךְ׃", "text": "Not *taššîk* to-*ʾāḥîkā* *nešek* *kesep* *nešek* *ʾōkel* *nešek* any-*dābār* which *yiššāk*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taššîk*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall lend at interest", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*nešek*": "masculine singular construct - interest of", "*kesep*": "masculine singular noun - money/silver", "*nešek*": "masculine singular construct - interest of", "*ʾōkel*": "masculine singular noun - food", "*nešek*": "masculine singular construct - interest of", "*kol*": "masculine singular construct - any", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - thing/matter", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yiššāk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - can be lent at interest" }, "variants": { "*taššîk*": "lend at interest/charge interest", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "your brother/fellow Israelite/compatriot", "*nešek*": "interest/usury", "*kesep*": "money/silver", "*ʾōkel*": "food/grain/provisions", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/item", "*yiššāk*": "can be lent at interest/is lent" } }
• 2 Chr 36:14-17 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.14", "source": "גַּ֠ם כָּל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְהָעָם֙ הִרְבּ֣וּ לִמְעָול־מַ֔עַל כְּכֹ֖ל תֹּעֲב֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְדִּ֖ישׁ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "Also all-*śārê* the-*kōhănîm* and-the-*ʿām* *hirbû* to-*limĕʿôl-maʿal* like-all *tôʿăbôt* the-*gôyim* and *wayĕṭammĕʾû* *ʾet-bêt* *yhwh* which *hiqdîš* in-*yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct noun - chiefs/officials of", "*kōhănîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the priests", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*hirbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they increased/multiplied", "*limĕʿôl-maʿal*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition + masculine singular noun - to act unfaithfully with unfaithfulness", "*tôʿăbôt*": "feminine plural construct noun - abominations of", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations", "*wayĕṭammĕʾû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they defiled", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*hiqdîš*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sanctified", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun with locative preposition - in Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*hirbû*": "increased/multiplied/did abundantly", "*limĕʿôl-maʿal*": "to act unfaithfully/to commit treachery/to transgress", "*tôʿăbôt*": "abominations/detestable practices/repulsive acts", "*wayĕṭammĕʾû*": "they defiled/they made unclean/they polluted" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.15", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֡ח יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּיַ֥ד מַלְאָכָ֖יו הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְשָׁל֑וֹחַ כִּֽי־חָמַ֥ל עַל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְעַל־מְעוֹנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* their-*ʾăbôtêhem* to-them by-hand-of his-*malʾākāyw* *haškēm* and-*šālôaḥ* because-he-*ḥāmal* on-his-*ʿammô* and-on-his-*mĕʿônô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*ʾăbôtêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*malʾākāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers", "*haškēm*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*šālôaḥ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - sending", "*ḥāmal*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he had compassion", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*mĕʿônô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dwelling place" }, "variants": { "*haškēm*": "rising early/persistently/repeatedly", "*šālôaḥ*": "sending/dispatching/commissioning", "*ḥāmal*": "had compassion/had pity/spared", "*mĕʿônô*": "his dwelling place/his habitation/his sanctuary" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.16", "source": "וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ מַלְעִבִים֙ בְּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבוֹזִ֣ים דְּבָרָ֔יו וּמִֽתַּעְתְּעִ֖ים בִּנְבִאָ֑יו עַ֠ד עֲל֧וֹת חֲמַת־יְהוָ֛ה בְּעַמּ֖וֹ עַד־לְאֵ֥ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃", "text": "And *wayyihyû* *malʿibîm* with-*malʾăkê* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*bôzîm* his-*dĕbārāyw* and-*mitaʿtĕʿîm* with-his-*nĕbiʾāyw* until *ʿălôt* *ḥămat-yhwh* on-his-*ʿammô* until-to-no *marpēʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they were", "*malʿibîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - mocking", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct noun - messengers of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God", "*bôzîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - despising", "*dĕbārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "Hitpael participle masculine plural - mocking/scoffing", "*nĕbiʾāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his prophets", "*ʿălôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - rising of", "*ḥămat-yhwh*": "construct chain - wrath of YHWH", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*marpēʾ*": "masculine singular noun - healing/remedy" }, "variants": { "*malʿibîm*": "mocking/scoffing/ridiculing", "*bôzîm*": "despising/disdaining/holding in contempt", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "mocking/scoffing/deriding", "*ḥămat*": "wrath/anger/fury" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.17", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַל עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ *כשדיים **כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג בַּחוּרֵיהֶ֤ם בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ בְּבֵ֣ית מִקְדָּשָׁ֔ם וְלֹ֥א חָמַ֛ל עַל־בָּח֥וּר וּבְתוּלָ֖ה זָקֵ֣ן וְיָשֵׁ֑שׁ הַכֹּ֖ל נָתַ֥ן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* against-them *ʾet*-*melek* *kaśdîm* and *wayyahărōg* their-*baḥûrêhem* with-the-*ḥereb* in-*bêt* their-*miqdāšām* and-not *ḥāmal* on-*bāḥûr* and-*bĕtûlâ* *zāqēn* and-*yāšēš* the-all *nātan* in-his-hand", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*wayyahărōg*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he killed", "*baḥûrêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their young men", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sword", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*miqdāšām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sanctuary", "*ḥāmal*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he had compassion", "*bāḥûr*": "masculine singular noun - young man", "*bĕtûlâ*": "feminine singular noun - virgin", "*zāqēn*": "masculine singular adjective - old", "*yāšēš*": "masculine singular adjective - very aged", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave" }, "variants": { "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians", "*wayyahărōg*": "he killed/he slew/he put to death", "*ḥāmal*": "had compassion/spared/showed pity", "*yāšēš*": "very aged/decrepit/infirm" } }
• 2 Chr 36:20 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.20", "source": "וַיֶּ֛גֶל הַשְּׁאֵרִ֥ית מִן־הַחֶ֖רֶב אֶל־בָּבֶ֑ל וַֽיִּהְיוּ־ל֤וֹ וּלְבָנָיו֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים עַד־מְלֹ֖ךְ מַלְכ֥וּת פָּרָֽס׃", "text": "And *wayyegel* the-*šəʾērît* from-the-*ḥereb* to-*bābel* and *wayyihyû*-to-him and-to-his-sons for-*ʿăbādîm* until-*məlōk* *malkût* *pārās*", "grammar": { "*wayyegel*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he exiled", "*šəʾērît*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the remnant", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sword", "*bābel*": "proper noun with preposition - to Babylon", "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they became", "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun with preposition - for servants", "*məlōk*": "Qal infinitive construct - reigning of", "*malkût*": "feminine singular construct noun - kingdom of", "*pārās*": "proper noun - Persia" }, "variants": { "*wayyegel*": "he exiled/he carried away/he deported", "*šəʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/survivors", "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves" } }
• Isa 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.9", "source": "וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְאַל־תִּשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*yiššaḥ* *ʾādām* and-*yišpal*-*ʾîš*, and-not-*tiśśāʾ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*wa-yiššaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and is bowed down", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*wa-yišpal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and is humbled", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (prohibition) - and do not", "*tiśśāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular jussive - lift up/forgive", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*yiššaḥ*": "is bowed down/brought low/humbled", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/common people", "*yišpal*": "is humbled/brought low/made low", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/forgive/pardon" } }
• Isa 3:2-8 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.2", "source": "גִּבּ֖וֹר וְאִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה שׁוֹפֵ֥ט וְנָבִ֖יא וְקֹסֵ֥ם וְזָקֵֽן", "text": "*gibbôr* and-*ʾîš* *milḥāmāh*; *šôpēṭ* and-*nābîʾ* and-*qōsēm* and-*zāqēn*", "grammar": { "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior/hero", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*šôpēṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - judge", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*qōsēm*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - diviner/soothsayer", "*zāqēn*": "noun, masculine singular - elder/old man" }, "variants": { "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero/champion", "*ʾîš*": "man/male/husband", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*šôpēṭ*": "judge/one who judges", "*nābîʾ*": "prophet/seer/spokesperson", "*qōsēm*": "diviner/soothsayer/one who practices divination", "*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.3", "source": "שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וּנְשׂ֣וּא פָנִ֑ים וְיוֹעֵ֛ץ וַחֲכַ֥ם חֲרָשִׁ֖ים וּנְב֥וֹן לָֽחַשׁ", "text": "*śar*-*ḥămišîm* and-*nəśûʾ* *pānîm* and-*yôʿēṣ* and-*ḥăkam* *ḥărāšîm* and-*nəbôn* *lāḥaš*", "grammar": { "*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - captain/chief of", "*ḥămišîm*": "number - fifty", "*nəśûʾ*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face/countenance", "*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - counselor/adviser", "*ḥăkam*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - wise/skilled", "*ḥărāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - craftsmen/artisans/engravers", "*nəbôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - understanding/discerning", "*lāḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - whisper/charm/spell" }, "variants": { "*śar*": "captain/chief/prince/leader", "*ḥămišîm*": "fifty (as a military unit)", "*nəśûʾ pānîm*": "one of dignity/respected person/honored one", "*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/adviser/consultant", "*ḥăkam ḥărāšîm*": "skilled craftsman/expert artisan/master of crafts", "*nəbôn lāḥaš*": "skilled in enchantment/eloquent speaker/expert in incantation" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.4", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֥י נְעָרִ֖ים שָׂרֵיהֶ֑ם וְתַעֲלוּלִ֖ים יִמְשְׁלוּ־בָֽם", "text": "And-*nātattî* *nəʿārîm* *śārêhem* and-*taʿălûlîm* *yimšəlû*-in-them", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will give/set/place", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - youths/boys/lads", "*śārêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their princes/officials", "*taʿălûlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/capricious ones", "*yimšəlû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will rule/govern", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in/against them" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I will give/set/appoint/make", "*nəʿārîm*": "youths/boys/lads/immature ones", "*śārêhem*": "their princes/officials/rulers", "*taʿălûlîm*": "children/capricious ones/childish ones/mockers", "*yimšəlû*": "they will rule/govern/dominate/control" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.5", "source": "וְנִגַּ֣שׂ הָעָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּאִ֖ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ יִרְהֲב֗וּ הַנַּ֙עַר֙ בַּזָּקֵ֔ן וְהַנִּקְלֶ֖ה בַּנִּכְבָּֽד", "text": "And-*niggaś* the-*ʿām*, *ʾîš* against-*ʾîš* and-*ʾîš* against-*rēʿēhû*; *yirhabû* the-*naʿar* against-the-*zāqēn*, and-the-*niqleh* against-the-*nikbād*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*niggaś*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be oppressed", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bə*": "preposition - against/in", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*yirhabû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will behave insolently", "*hanaʿar*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the youth", "*bazzāqēn*": "preposition with definite noun, masculine singular - against the elder", "*hanniqleh*": "definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - the despised/dishonored one", "*bannikbād*": "preposition with definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - against the honored one" }, "variants": { "*niggaś*": "will be oppressed/tyrannized/pressured", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾîš*": "man/each/one", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/companion/fellow", "*yirhabû*": "they will behave insolently/storm against/be arrogant", "*naʿar*": "youth/boy/lad", "*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one", "*niqleh*": "despised/dishonored/lightly esteemed", "*nikbād*": "honored/respected/esteemed" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.6", "source": "כִּֽי־יִתְפֹּ֨שׂ אִ֤ישׁ בְּאָחִיו֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו שִׂמְלָ֣ה לְכָ֔ה קָצִ֖ין תִּֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑נוּ וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את תַּ֥חַת יָדֶֽךָ", "text": "When-*yitpōś* *ʾîš* on-*ʾāḥîw* of-*bêt* *ʾābîw*: '*śimlāh* to-you, *qāṣîn* *tihyeh*-to-us, and-the-*makšēlāh* the-*zōʾt* under *yādekā*'", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because", "*yitpōś*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will seize/grasp", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - a man", "*bə*": "preposition - on/at", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*śimlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cloak/outer garment", "*lekā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/commander", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st person common plural suffix - to us", "*hamakšēlāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ruin/stumbling", "*hazzōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*yitpōś*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of", "*ʾîš*": "man/someone/each", "*ʾāḥîw*": "his brother/kinsman/relative", "*bêt ʾābîw*": "his father's house/family", "*śimlāh*": "cloak/outer garment/clothing", "*qāṣîn*": "ruler/commander/chief", "*tihyeh*": "you will be/become/exist as", "*makšēlāh*": "ruin/stumbling/downfall", "*zōʾt*": "this/this one", "*yād*": "hand/power/control" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.7", "source": "יִשָּׂא֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֤וּא ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹא־אֶהְיֶ֣ה חֹבֵ֔שׁ וּבְבֵיתִ֕י אֵ֥ין לֶ֖חֶם וְאֵ֣ין שִׂמְלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְשִׂימֻ֖נִי קְצִ֥ין עָֽם", "text": "*yiśśāʾ* in-the-*yôm* the-*hû* *lēʾmōr*: Not-*ʾehyeh* *ḥōbēš*, and-in-*bêtî* *ʾên* *leḥem* and-*ʾên* *śimlāh*; not *təśîmunî* *qəṣîn* *ʿām*", "grammar": { "*yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will lift up/raise/answer", "*bayyôm*": "preposition with definite noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hahû*": "definite demonstrative, masculine singular - that", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾehyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ḥōbēš*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who binds up/healer", "*bəbêtî*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - in my house", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*śimlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cloak/outer garment", "*təśîmunî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - you will make me", "*qəṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/commander", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*yiśśāʾ*": "he will lift up/raise/answer/respond", "*yôm*": "day/time/period", "*hû*": "that/the same", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾehyeh*": "I will be/become/exist as", "*ḥōbēš*": "one who binds up/healer/one who bandages wounds", "*bêt*": "house/home/household", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there isn't/no", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*śimlāh*": "cloak/outer garment/clothing", "*təśîmunî*": "you (plural) will make me/set me/appoint me", "*qəṣîn*": "ruler/commander/chief", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.8", "source": "כִּ֤י כָשְׁלָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וִיהוּדָ֖ה נָפָ֑ל כִּֽי־לְשׁוֹנָ֤ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לַמְר֖וֹת עֵנֵ֥י כְבוֹדֽוֹ", "text": "For *kāšəlāh* *Yərûšālaim* and-*Yəhûdāh* *nāpāl*; for-*ləšônām* and-*maʿalləlêhem* against-*YHWH*, to-*mamrôt* *ʿênê* *kəbôdô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kāšəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has stumbled/staggered", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, feminine - Jerusalem", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*nāpāl*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has fallen", "*ləšônām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deeds/practices", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/toward", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ləmamrôt*": "preposition with Hiphil infinitive construct - to rebel against/to defy", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his glory" }, "variants": { "*kāšəlāh*": "has stumbled/staggered/tottered", "*nāpāl*": "has fallen/collapsed/been brought down", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*maʿalləlîm*": "deeds/practices/doings", "*mamrôt*": "to rebel against/to defy/to provoke", "*ʿênayim*": "eyes/sight/presence", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
• Isa 5:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.15", "source": "וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְעֵינֵ֥י גְבֹהִ֖ים תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃", "text": "And *wayyiššaḥ* *ʾādām* and *wayyišpal*-*ʾîš*, and the *wəʿênê* of the *gəbōhîm* *tišpalnâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiššaḥ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and is bowed down", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind", "*wayyišpal*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and is brought low", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿênê*": "feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*gəbōhîm*": "masculine plural adjective - lofty/proud", "*tišpalnâ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - are humbled" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one", "*gəbōhîm*": "lofty/proud/exalted ones" } }
• Isa 9:14-17 : 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.14", "source": "זָקֵ֥ן וּנְשׂוּא־פָנִ֖ים ה֣וּא הָרֹ֑אשׁ וְנָבִ֥יא מֽוֹרֶה־שֶּׁ֖קֶר ה֥וּא הַזָּנָֽב׃", "text": "*Zāqēn* and *nəśûʾ*-*p̄ānîm* he the *rōʾš* and *nāḇîʾ* *môreh*-*šeqer* he the *zānāḇ*.", "grammar": { "*Zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - elder/old", "*nəśûʾ*": "participle, Qal, passive, masculine, singular, construct - honored of/exalted of", "*p̄ānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - face", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the head", "*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - prophet", "*môreh*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular, construct - teacher of", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - falsehood", "*zānāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the tail" }, "variants": { "*Zāqēn*": "elder/old person/aged man", "*nəśûʾ*-*p̄ānîm*": "honored of face/dignitary/person of rank", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/spokesperson", "*môreh*": "teacher/instructor", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*zānāḇ*": "tail/end" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.15", "source": "וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ מְאַשְּׁרֵ֥י הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה מַתְעִ֑ים וּמְאֻשָּׁרָ֖יו מְבֻלָּעִֽים׃", "text": "And *yihyû* *məʾaššərê* the *ʿām*-the-this *matʿîm* and his *məʾuššārāyw* *məḇullāʿîm*.", "grammar": { "*yihyû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they became", "*məʾaššərê*": "participle, Piel, masculine, plural, construct - guides of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the people", "*matʿîm*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, plural, absolute - leading astray/misleading", "*məʾuššārāyw*": "participle, Pual, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - those being guided by him", "*məḇullāʿîm*": "participle, Pual, masculine, plural, absolute - swallowed up/destroyed" }, "variants": { "*məʾaššərê*": "guides of/leaders of/those who call blessed", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population", "*matʿîm*": "leading astray/causing to err/misleading", "*məʾuššārāyw*": "those being guided by him/those being led by him", "*məḇullāʿîm*": "swallowed up/destroyed/confused" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.16", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֨ן עַל־בַּחוּרָ֜יו לֹֽא־יִשְׂמַ֣ח ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י וְאֶת־יְתֹמָ֤יו וְאֶת־אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔ם כִּ֤י כֻלּוֹ֙ חָנֵ֣ף וּמֵרַ֔ע וְכָל־פֶּ֖ה דֹּבֵ֣ר נְבָלָ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore upon-his *baḥûrāyw* not-*yiśmaḥ* *ʾăḏōnāy* and *ʾet*-his *yətōmāyw* and *ʾet*-his *ʾalmənōtāyw* not he *yəraḥēm* for all of it *ḥānēp̄* and *mēraʿ* and all-*peh* *dōḇēr* *nəḇālāh* in all-this not-*šāḇ* his *ʾappô* and yet his *yāḏô* *nəṭûyāh*.", "grammar": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his young men", "*yiśmaḥ*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he rejoices", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine, singular - Lord/my Lord", "*yətōmāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his orphans", "*ʾalmənōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his widows", "*yəraḥēm*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he has compassion", "*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - godless/profane", "*mēraʿ*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular, absolute - doing evil", "*peh*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - mouth", "*dōḇēr*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular, absolute - speaking", "*nəḇālāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - folly/senselessness", "*šāḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - has turned", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his anger", "*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his hand", "*nəṭûyāh*": "participle, Qal, feminine, singular, absolute - stretched out" }, "variants": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men/his chosen ones", "*yiśmaḥ*": "rejoices/takes pleasure in/delights in", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/master", "*yətōmāyw*": "his orphans/his fatherless", "*ʾalmənōtāyw*": "his widows", "*yəraḥēm*": "has compassion/shows mercy/pities", "*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious", "*mēraʿ*": "doing evil/evildoer/causing harm", "*peh*": "mouth/opening/speech", "*dōḇēr*": "speaking/saying", "*nəḇālāh*": "folly/senselessness/disgraceful thing", "*šāḇ*": "turned/returned/repented", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nose/his wrath", "*nəṭûyāh*": "stretched out/extended" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.17", "source": "כִּֽי־בָעֲרָ֤ה כָאֵשׁ֙ רִשְׁעָ֔ה שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תֹּאכֵ֑ל וַתִּצַּת֙ בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ גֵּא֥וּת עָשָֽׁן׃", "text": "For-*bāʿărāh* like *ʾēš* *rišʿāh* *šāmîr* and *šayit* *tōʾḵēl* and *tiṣṣat* in *siḇəḵê* the *yaʿar* and *yitʾabbəḵû* *gēʾût* *ʿāšān*.", "grammar": { "*bāʿărāh*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - burns", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - fire", "*rišʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - wickedness", "*šāmîr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - brier/thorn", "*šayit*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - thorn", "*tōʾḵēl*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - it devours", "*tiṣṣat*": "verb, Niphal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, feminine, singular - it was kindled", "*siḇəḵê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - thickets of", "*yaʿar*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the forest", "*yitʾabbəḵû*": "verb, Hithpael, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they rolled up", "*gēʾût*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - pride of/rising of", "*ʿāšān*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - smoke" }, "variants": { "*bāʿărāh*": "burns/consumes/kindles", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*rišʿāh*": "wickedness/evil/iniquity", "*šāmîr*": "brier/thorn/bramble", "*šayit*": "thorn/bramble", "*tōʾḵēl*": "devours/consumes/eats", "*tiṣṣat*": "was kindled/was set on fire", "*siḇəḵê*": "thickets of/dense growth of", "*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded area", "*yitʾabbəḵû*": "rolled up/mounted up/swirled upward", "*gēʾût*": "pride of/rising of/column of", "*ʿāšān*": "smoke/vapor" } }
• Jer 5:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.3", "source": "יְהֹוָ֗ה עֵינֶיךָ֮ הֲל֣וֹא לֶאֱמוּנָה֒ הִכִּ֤יתָה אֹתָם֙ וְֽלֹא־חָ֔לוּ כִּלִּיתָ֕ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ קַ֣חַת מוּסָ֑ר חִזְּק֤וּ פְנֵיהֶם֙ מִסֶּ֔לַע מֵאֲנ֖וּ לָשֽׁוּב׃", "text": "*YHWH*, *'ênêkā* *hălô'* for *'ĕmûnāh*? *Hikkîtā* them and not-*ḥālû*; *killîtām*, they *mē'ănû* *qaḥat* *mûsār*; they *ḥizzəqû* *pənêhem* more than *sela'*, they *mē'ănû* *lāšûb*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*'ênêkā*": "noun, dual construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*hălô'*": "interrogative particle - are not?/is not?", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*'ĕmûnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - faithfulness/truth", "*hikkîtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, hiphil - you struck/smote", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥālû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they were in pain/grieved", "*killîtām*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - you destroyed/consumed them", "*mē'ănû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they refused", "*qaḥat*": "infinitive construct - to take/receive", "*mûsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction/correction", "*ḥizzəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they hardened/strengthened", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*mi*": "preposition - from/more than", "*sela'*": "noun, masculine singular - rock/cliff", "*lāšûb*": "infinitive construct - to return/repent" }, "variants": { "*'ĕmûnāh*": "faithfulness/truth/firmness", "*hikkîtā*": "you struck/smote/hit", "*ḥālû*": "they were pained/grieved/became weak", "*killîtām*": "you destroyed/consumed/finished them", "*mē'ănû*": "they refused/rejected/were unwilling", "*mûsār*": "discipline/instruction/correction", "*ḥizzəqû*": "they hardened/strengthened/made firm", "*sela'*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*lāšûb*": "to return/repent/turn back" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.4", "source": "וַאֲנִ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי אַךְ־דַּלִּ֖ים הֵ֑ם נוֹאֲל֕וּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *'ănî* *'āmartî*, surely-*dallîm* they are; they *nô'ălû* because not they *yādə'û* *derek* *YHWH*, *mišpaṭ* their *'ĕlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*'ănî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*'āmartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I said", "*'ak*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*dallîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - poor/low/weak", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*nô'ălû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they became foolish", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yādə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they knew", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road/manner", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/insignificant/low", "*nô'ălû*": "they became foolish/were senseless/acted foolishly", "*derek*": "way/road/path/manner/conduct", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/justice/ordinance/custom" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.5", "source": "אֵֽלֲכָה־לִּ֤י אֶל־הַגְּדֹלִים֙ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י הֵ֗מָּה יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם אַ֣ךְ הֵ֤מָּה יַחְדָּו֙ שָׁ֣בְרוּ עֹ֔ל נִתְּק֖וּ מוֹסֵרֽוֹת׃", "text": "*'ēlăkâ*-to me to-*haggədōlîm* and *'ădabbərâ* them, for *hēmmâ* *yādə'û* *derek* *YHWH*, *mišpaṭ* their *'ĕlōhîm*; surely *hēmmâ* *yaḥdāw* *šābərû* *'ōl*, *nittəqû* *môsērôt*.", "grammar": { "*'ēlăkâ*": "cohortative, 1st singular - I will go", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me/for myself", "*'el*": "preposition - to/toward", "*haggədōlîm*": "article + adjective, masculine plural - the great ones", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*'ădabbərâ*": "cohortative, 1st singular, piel - I will speak", "*'ôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hēmmâ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yādə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they knew", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*'ak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/altogether", "*šābərû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they broke", "*'ōl*": "noun, masculine singular - yoke", "*nittəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they tore off/burst", "*môsērôt*": "noun, feminine plural - bonds/fetters" }, "variants": { "*'ēlăkâ*-*lî*": "I will go (for myself)", "*haggədōlîm*": "the great ones/leaders/nobles", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/alike", "*šābərû*": "they broke/shattered/destroyed", "*'ōl*": "yoke/burden", "*nittəqû*": "they tore off/burst/broke away", "*môsērôt*": "bonds/fetters/restraints" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.6", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֩ הִכָּ֨ם אַרְיֵ֜ה מִיַּ֗עַר זְאֵ֤ב עֲרָבוֹת֙ יְשָׁדְדֵ֔ם נָמֵ֤ר שֹׁקֵד֙ עַל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כָּל־הַיּוֹצֵ֥א מֵהֵ֖נָּה יִטָּרֵ֑ף כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֔ם עָצְמ֖וּ מְשׁוּבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Upon-thus *hikkām* *'aryēh* from *ya'ar*, *zə'ēb* *'ărābôt* *yəšāddēm*, *nāmēr* *šōqēd* upon-their *'ārêhem*; all-*hayyôṣē'* from them *yiṭṭārēp*; because they *rabbû* their *piš'êhem*, they *'āṣəmû* their *məšûbôtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*'al*": "preposition - upon/on/because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*hikkām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix, hiphil - he struck them", "*'aryēh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ya'ar*": "noun, masculine singular - forest", "*zə'ēb*": "noun, masculine singular - wolf", "*'ărābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - plains/deserts/steppes", "*yəšāddēm*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix, piel - he will ravage them", "*nāmēr*": "noun, masculine singular - leopard", "*šōqēd*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - watching/lying in wait", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/against", "*'ārêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*hayyôṣē'*": "article + participle, masculine singular, qal - the one going out", "*mēhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - from them", "*yiṭṭārēp*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - he will be torn to pieces", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rabbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they are many/increased", "*piš'êhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their transgressions", "*'āṣəmû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they were numerous/mighty", "*məšûbôtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their apostasies/backslidings" }, "variants": { "*hikkām*": "struck them/attacked them", "*'aryēh*": "lion", "*zə'ēb*": "wolf", "*'ărābôt*": "plains/deserts/steppes/wilderness", "*yəšāddēm*": "ravages them/destroys them/plunders them", "*nāmēr*": "leopard/panther", "*šōqēd*": "watching/lying in wait/being vigilant", "*yiṭṭārēp*": "will be torn to pieces/mauled", "*rabbû*": "are many/have increased/multiplied", "*piš'êhem*": "their transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*'āṣəmû*": "are numerous/mighty/strong", "*məšûbôtêhem*": "their apostasies/backslidings/rebellions" } }
• Jer 23:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.11", "source": "כִּי־גַם־נָבִיא גַם־כֹּהֵן חָנֵפוּ גַּם־בְּבֵיתִי מָצָאתִי רָעָתָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Kî*-*gam*-*nābîʾ* *gam*-*kōhēn* *ḥānēp̄û* *gam*-*bəbêtî* *māṣāʾtî* *rāʿātām* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*nābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun - prophet", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular noun - priest", "*ḥānēp̄û*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - are profane/polluted", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bəbêtî*": "preposition + preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - in my house", "*māṣāʾtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have found", "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their evil/wickedness", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄û*": "are profane/are polluted/are godless/are hypocritical", "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their wrongdoing" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.12", "source": "לָכֵן יִהְיֶה דַרְכָּם לָהֶם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת בָּאֲפֵלָה יִדַּחוּ וְנָפְלוּ בָהּ כִּי־אָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם רָעָה שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Lākēn* *yihyeh* *darkām* *lāhem* *kaḥălaqlaqqôt* *bāʾăp̄ēlâ* *yiddaḥû* *wənāp̄əlû* *bāh* *kî*-*ʾābîʾ* *ʿălêhem* *rāʿâ* *šənat* *pəquddātām* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*darkām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their way", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*kaḥălaqlaqqôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - like slippery places", "*bāʾăp̄ēlâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the darkness", "*yiddaḥû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be driven/thrust", "*wənāp̄əlû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will fall", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will bring", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun - evil/calamity", "*šənat*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*pəquddātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥălaqlaqqôt*": "slippery places/slippery ways", "*ʾăp̄ēlâ*": "darkness/gloom/thick darkness", "*yiddaḥû*": "be driven/be thrust/be banished", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/calamity/disaster", "*pəquddātām*": "their visitation/their punishment/their reckoning" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.13", "source": "וּבִנְבִיאֵי שֹׁמְרוֹן רָאִיתִי תִפְלָה הִנַּבְּאוּ בַבַּעַל וַיַּתְעוּ אֶת־עַמִּי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל", "text": "*Ûbinbîʾê* *šōmərôn* *rāʾîtî* *tip̄lâ* *hinnabbəʾû* *babbaʿal* *wayyatʿû* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*Ûbinbîʾê*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural construct - and in the prophets of", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have seen", "*tip̄lâ*": "feminine singular noun - unsavoriness/folly", "*hinnabbəʾû*": "hithpael perfect 3rd person common plural - they prophesied", "*babbaʿal*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - by Baal", "*wayyatʿû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they led astray", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*tip̄lâ*": "unsavoriness/folly/offensive thing", "*hinnabbəʾû*": "they prophesied/they acted as prophets", "*wayyatʿû*": "they led astray/they caused to err/they misled" } }
• Jer 41:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.41.2", "source": "וַיָּקָם֩ יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֜ה וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ אִתּ֗וֹ וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֧ם בֶּן־שָׁפָ֛ן בַּחֶ֖רֶב וַיָּ֣מֶת אֹת֑וֹ אֲשֶׁר־הִפְקִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wa-yāqām* *yišmāʿēʾl* son-of-*nətanyāh* and-ten *hā-ʾănāšîm* who-*hāyû* with-him *wa-yakkû* *ʾet*-*gədalyāhû* son-of-*ʾăḥîqām* son-of-*šāpān* with-*ḥereb* *wa-yāmet* him whom-*hipqîd* king-of-*bābel* in-*hā-ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yāqām*": "conjunction-waw + qal imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he arose/stood up", "*yišmāʿēʾl*": "proper name - Ishmael", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the men", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they were", "*wa-yakkû*": "conjunction-waw + hiphil imperfect 3mp consecutive - and they struck/smote", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gədalyāhû*": "proper name - Gedaliah", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wa-yāmet*": "conjunction-waw + hiphil imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he killed/put to death", "*hipqîd*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he appointed/made overseer", "*bābel*": "proper name - Babylon", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land" }, "variants": { "*wa-yakkû*": "and they struck/slew/killed", "*hipqîd*": "appointed/made overseer/put in charge" } }
• Jer 42:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.42.18", "source": "כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאוֹת֮ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ נִתַּ֨ךְ אַפִּ֜י וַחֲמָתִ֗י עַל־יֹֽשְׁבֵי֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם כֵּ֣ן תִּתַּ֤ךְ חֲמָתִי֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בְּבֹאֲכֶ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יִם וִהְיִיתֶ֞ם לְאָלָ֤ה וּלְשַׁמָּה֙ וְלִקְלָלָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־תִרְא֣וּ ע֔וֹד אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*, as *nittaḵ* *ʾappî* and-*ḥămāṯî* upon-*yōšəḇê* *yərûšālaim*, so *tittaḵ* *ḥămāṯî* upon-you when-*bōʾăḵem* *miṣrāyim*, and-you-*wihyîṯem* for-*ʾālāh* and-for-*šammāh* and-for-*qəlālāh* and-for-*ḥerpāh*, and-not-*ṯirʾû* *ʿôḏ* [direct object marker]-the-*māqôm* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nittaḵ*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was poured out", "*ʾappî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*ḥămāṯî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*yōšəḇê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*tittaḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be poured out", "*ḥămāṯî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*bōʾăḵem*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your entering", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wihyîṯem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you will be", "*ʾālāh*": "feminine singular noun - curse/oath", "*šammāh*": "feminine singular noun - horror/desolation", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular noun - curse", "*ḥerpāh*": "feminine singular noun - reproach/disgrace", "*ṯirʾû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will see", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - again/still", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the place", "*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "of hosts/armies", "*nittaḵ*": "was poured out/was unleashed", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/wrath/nose", "*ḥămāṯî*": "my wrath/fury/rage", "*yōšəḇê*": "inhabitants/residents/dwellers of", "*tittaḵ*": "it will be poured out/unleashed", "*bōʾăḵem*": "your entering/going", "*ʾālāh*": "curse/oath/imprecation", "*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation", "*qəlālāh*": "curse/reproach", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/scorn", "*ṯirʾû*": "you will see/experience/perceive", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site" } }
• Jer 44:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.11", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֨י שָׂ֥ם פָּנַ֛י בָּכֶ֖ם לְרָעָ֑ה וּלְהַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore thus-*ʾāmar* *YHWH ṣebāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl* behold-me *śām* *pānay* against-you for-*rāʿāh* and-to-*hakrît* *ʾet*-all-*yehûdāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd singular masculine - said", "*YHWH ṣebāʾôt*": "divine name with construct noun - YHWH of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - God of Israel", "*śām*": "participle, masculine singular - setting/placing", "*pānay*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 1st singular - my face", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/harm", "*hakrît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off", "*yehûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "setting/placing/establishing", "*pānay*": "my face/presence/attention", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/disaster/calamity", "*hakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.12", "source": "וְלָקַחְתִּ֞י אֶת־שְׁאֵרִ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֨מוּ פְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָב֣וֹא אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֮ לָג֣וּר שָׁם֒ וְתַ֨מּוּ כֹ֜ל בְּאֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם יִפֹּ֗לוּ בַּחֶ֤רֶב בָּֽרָעָב֙ יִתַּ֔מּוּ מִקָּטֹן֙ וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל בַּחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב יָמֻ֑תוּ וְהָיוּ֙ לְאָלָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה וּלְחֶרְפָּֽה׃", "text": "And-*lāqaḥtî* *ʾet*-*šeʾērît yehûdāh* who-*śāmû* *penêhem* to-*lābôʾ* *ʾereṣ-miṣrayim* to-*lāgûr* there and-*tammû* all in-*ʾereṣ miṣrayim* *yippōlû* by-the-*ḥereb* by-the-*rāʿāb* *yittammû* from-*qāṭōn* and-until-*gādôl* by-the-*ḥereb* and-by-the-*rāʿāb* *yāmūtû* and-*hāyû* to-*ʾālāh* to-*šammāh* and-to-*qelālāh* and-to-*ḥerpāh*", "grammar": { "*lāqaḥtî*": "perfect verb, 1st singular - I will take", "*šeʾērît yehûdāh*": "construct chain - remnant of Judah", "*śāmû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they set", "*penêhem*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 3rd plural - their faces", "*lābôʾ*": "infinitive construct - to come/enter", "*ʾereṣ-miṣrayim*": "construct chain - land of Egypt", "*lāgûr*": "infinitive construct - to sojourn/dwell temporarily", "*tammû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they will be finished/consumed", "*yippōlû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd plural - they will fall", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*rāʿāb*": "noun, masculine singular - famine/hunger", "*yittammû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd plural - they will be consumed", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small/young", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/old", "*yāmūtû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd plural - they will die", "*hāyû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they will become", "*ʾālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - oath/curse", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/appalment", "*qelālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - curse", "*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace" }, "variants": { "*šeʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/survivors", "*lāgûr*": "to sojourn/dwell temporarily/live as foreigners", "*tammû*": "they will be finished/consumed/completed", "*rāʿāb*": "famine/hunger/starvation", "*ʾālāh*": "oath/curse/imprecation", "*šammāh*": "horror/appalment/desolation", "*qelālāh*": "curse/cursing/execration", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/scorn" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.13", "source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֗י עַ֤ל הַיּֽוֹשְׁבִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקַ֖דְתִּי עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם בַּחֶ֖רֶב בָּרָעָ֥ב וּבַדָּֽבֶר׃", "text": "*wə-pāqadtî* upon the *yôšəbîm* in *ʾereṣ miṣrayim*, as *kaʾăšer pāqadtî* upon *yərûšālāim*, with the *ḥereb*, with the *rāʿāb*, and with the *dāber*.", "grammar": { "*wə-pāqadtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will punish/visit", "*yôšəbîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - dwellers/inhabitants/those dwelling", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as/according as", "*pāqadtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I punished/visited", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ḥereb*": "noun feminine singular - sword", "*rāʿāb*": "noun masculine singular - famine/hunger", "*dāber*": "noun masculine singular - pestilence/plague" }, "variants": { "*pāqadtî*": "visited/punished/attended to/inspected", "*ḥereb*": "sword/violence/war", "*rāʿāb*": "famine/hunger/starvation", "*dāber*": "pestilence/plague/disease" } }
• Jer 52:24-30 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.24", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח רַב־טַבָּחִ֗ים אֶת־שְׂרָיָה֙ כֹּהֵ֣ן הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְאֶת־צְפַנְיָ֖ה כֹּהֵ֣ן הַמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וְאֶת־שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת שֹׁמְרֵ֥י הַסַּֽף׃", "text": "And-*yiqqaḥ* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm* *ʾet*-*śərāyâ* *kōhēn* the *rōʾš* and *ʾet*-*ṣəpanyâ* *kōhēn* the *mišneh* and *ʾet*-three *šōmərê* the *sap*.", "grammar": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he took", "*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of", "*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*śərāyâ*": "proper noun - Seraiah", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular - priest", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular - head/chief", "*ṣəpanyâ*": "proper noun - Zephaniah", "*mišneh*": "masculine singular - second/deputy", "*šəlōšet*": "construct cardinal number - three of", "*šōmərê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - keepers of", "*sap*": "masculine singular - threshold/doorway" }, "variants": { "*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks", "*kōhēn*": "priest/minister", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/high (priest)", "*mišneh*": "second/deputy/assistant", "*šōmərê*": "keepers/guardians/watchmen", "*sap*": "threshold/doorway/entrance" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.25", "source": "וּמִן־הָעִ֡יר לָקַח֩ סָרִ֨יס אֶחָ֜ד אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה פָקִ֣יד ׀ עַל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְשִׁבְעָ֨ה אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מֵרֹאֵ֤י פְנֵי־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִמְצְא֣וּ בָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֗ת סֹפֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א הַמַּצְבִּ֖א אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And-from-the *ʿîr* *lāqaḥ* *sārîs* one who-*hāyâ* *pāqîd* over-*ʾanšê* the *milḥāmâ* and-seven *ʾănāšîm* from-*rōʾê* *pənê*-the *melek* who *nimṣəʾû* in-the *ʿîr* and *ʾēt*-*sōpēr* *śar* the *ṣāḇāʾ* the-*maṣbîʾ* *ʾet*-*ʿam* the *ʾāreṣ* and-sixty *ʾîš* from-*ʿam* the *ʾāreṣ* the-*nimṣāʾîm* in-*tôk* the *ʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular - city", "*lāqaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*sārîs*": "masculine singular - official/eunuch", "*ʾeḥād*": "masculine singular - one", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was/had been", "*pāqîd*": "masculine singular - overseer/officer", "*ʾanšê*": "construct masculine plural - men of", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular - war/battle", "*šiḇʿâ*": "cardinal number - seven", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural - men", "*rōʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - seers of", "*pənê*": "masculine plural construct - face of", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*nimṣəʾû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they were found", "*sōpēr*": "masculine singular - scribe/secretary", "*śar*": "masculine singular construct - chief of", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "masculine singular - army/host", "*maṣbîʾ*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - mustering/conscripting", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular - people", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - land/earth", "*šiššîm*": "cardinal number - sixty", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man/each man", "*nimṣāʾîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - those being found", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of" }, "variants": { "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*sārîs*": "official/eunuch/court officer", "*pāqîd*": "overseer/officer/commander", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/fighting men", "*rōʾê*": "seers/those who see/those having access to", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*nimṣəʾû*": "they were found/they happened to be/they were present", "*sōpēr*": "scribe/secretary/record keeper", "*śar*": "chief/commander/captain", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "army/host/troops", "*maṣbîʾ*": "mustering/conscripting/gathering for war", "*tôk*": "midst/among/inside" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.26", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח אוֹתָ֔ם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָ֖ן רַב־טַבָּחִ֑ים וַיֹּ֧לֶךְ אוֹתָ֛ם אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל רִבְלָֽתָה׃", "text": "And-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾôtām* *nəbûzarʾădān* *raḇ*-*ṭabbāḥîm* and-*yōlek* *ʾôtām* to-*melek* *bāḇel* *riḇlātâ*.", "grammar": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he took", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*nəbûzarʾădān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan", "*raḇ*": "construct masculine singular - chief of", "*ṭabbāḥîm*": "masculine plural - guards/executioners/slaughterers", "*yōlek*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought/led", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*riḇlātâ*": "proper noun with directional *-â* - to Riblah" }, "variants": { "*ṭabbāḥîm*": "guards/executioners/slaughterers/cooks", "*yōlek*": "brought/led/conducted" } } 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.27", "source": "וַיַּכֶּ֣ה אוֹתָם֩ מֶ֨לֶךְ בָּבֶ֧ל וַיְמִתֵ֛ם בְּרִבְלָ֖ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֑ת וַיִּ֥גֶל יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵעַ֥ל אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*yakkeh* *ʾôtām* *melek* *bāḇel* and-*yəmîtēm* in-*riḇlâ* in-*ʾereṣ* *ḥămāt*, and-*yigel* *yəhûdâ* from-over *ʾadmātô*.", "grammar": { "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yəmîtēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he put them to death", "*riḇlâ*": "proper noun - Riblah", "*ʾereṣ*": "construct feminine singular - land of", "*ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath", "*yigel*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he exiled", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over/from upon", "*ʾadmātô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its land/soil" }, "variants": { "*yakkeh*": "struck/hit/attacked", "*yəmîtēm*": "put them to death/killed them/executed them", "*yigel*": "exiled/carried away/removed", "*ʾadmātô*": "its land/its soil/its territory" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.28", "source": "זֶ֣ה הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶגְלָ֖ה נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֑ר בִּשְׁנַת־שֶׁ֕בַע יְהוּדִ֕ים שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃", "text": "This is the *ʿām* which *heglâ* *Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar* in *šānat*-seven *Yəhûḏîm* three *ʾălāp̄îm* and twenty and three.", "grammar": { "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular - people", "*heglâ*": "Hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he exiled/carried away", "*Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*šānat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of", "*Yəhûḏîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - Jews/Judeans", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thousands" }, "variants": { "*heglâ*": "deported/exiled/carried away", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.29", "source": "בִּשְׁנַ֛ת שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֑ר מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃", "text": "In *šənat* eighteen to *Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*, from *Yərûšālaim* *nep̄eš* eight *mēʾôt* thirty and two.", "grammar": { "*šənat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of", "*Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition ל - to/for Nebuchadnezzar", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition מ - from Jerusalem", "*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine, singular - soul/person", "*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - hundreds" }, "variants": { "*nep̄eš*": "soul/person/life/individual" } } 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.30", "source": "בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שָׁלֹ֣שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים֮ לִנְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֒ הֶגְלָ֗ה נְבֽוּזַרְאֲדָן֙ רַב־טַבָּחִ֔ים יְהוּדִ֕ים נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑ה כָּל־נֶ֕פֶשׁ אַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת׃ פ", "text": "In *šənat* three and twenty to *Nəbûḵaḏreʾaṣṣar*, *heglâ* *Nəbûzarʾăḏān* *rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm* *Yəhûḏîm* *nep̄eš* seven *mēʾôt* forty and five; all-*nep̄eš* four *ʾălāp̄îm* and six *mēʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*šənat*": "construct form of noun, feminine, singular - year of", "*heglâ*": "Hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he exiled/carried away", "*Nəbûzarʾăḏān*": "proper noun - Nebuzaradan", "*rab*": "construct form of noun, masculine, singular - chief of", "*ṭabbāḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - guards/executioners/bodyguards", "*Yəhûḏîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - Jews/Judeans", "*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine, singular - soul/person", "*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - hundreds", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thousands" }, "variants": { "*rab*-*ṭabbāḥîm*": "captain of the guard/chief executioner/chief of the bodyguard", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/person/life/individual" } }
• Lam 4:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.13", "source": "מֵֽחַטֹּ֣את נְבִיאֶ֔יהָ עֲוֺנ֖וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֑יהָ הַשֹּׁפְכִ֥ים בְּקִרְבָּ֖הּ דַּ֥ם צַדִּיקִֽים׃", "text": "From *ḥaṭṭōʾṯ* her *nəḇîʾehā*, *ʿăwōnôṯ* her *kōhănehā*, the ones *haššōp̄ḵîm* in her *qirbbāh* *dam ṣaddîqîm*", "grammar": { "*mē-ḥaṭṭōʾṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from sins of", "*nəḇîʾehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her prophets", "*ʿăwōnôṯ*": "masculine plural construct - iniquities of", "*kōhănehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her priests", "*ha-šōp̄ḵîm*": "definite masculine plural Qal participle - the ones shedding/pouring out", "*bə-qirbbāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*dam*": "masculine singular construct - blood of", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - righteous ones" }, "variants": { "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯ*": "sins/wrongdoings/transgressions", "*ʿăwōnôṯ*": "iniquities/guilt/punishments", "*ha-šōp̄ḵîm*": "ones shedding/ones pouring out/ones spilling", "*qirbbāh*": "her midst/her interior/within her", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed/lifeblood", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just ones/innocent ones" } }
• Lam 5:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Lamentations.5.12", "source": "שָׂרִים֙ בְּיָדָ֣ם נִתְל֔וּ פְּנֵ֥י זְקֵנִ֖ים לֹ֥א נֶהְדָּֽרוּ׃", "text": "*śārîm* by-*yāḏām* *niṯlû*, *pənê* *zəqēnîm* *lōʾ* *nehdārû*", "grammar": { "*śārîm*": "noun masculine plural - princes/officials", "*yāḏām*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand", "*niṯlû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were hanged", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - faces of", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun masculine plural - elders", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nehdārû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were honored" }, "variants": { "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles", "*niṯlû*": "they were hanged/suspended/impaled", "*pənê*": "faces of/presence of", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/old men", "*nehdārû*": "they were honored/respected/shown deference" } } 13 { "verseID": "Lamentations.5.13", "source": "בַּחוּרִים֙ טְח֣וֹן נָשָׂ֔אוּ וּנְעָרִ֖ים בָּעֵ֥ץ כָּשָֽׁלוּ׃", "text": "*baḥûrîm* *ṭəḥôn* *nāśāʾû*, and-*nəʿārîm* with-the-*ʿēṣ* *kāšālû*", "grammar": { "*baḥûrîm*": "noun masculine plural - young men", "*ṭəḥôn*": "qal infinitive construct - to grind", "*nāśāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they carried/bore", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun masculine plural - boys/youths", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun masculine singular - wood/tree", "*kāšālû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they stumbled/staggered" }, "variants": { "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/chosen men", "*ṭəḥôn*": "to grind (millstones)/grinding work", "*nāśāʾû*": "they carried/bore/lifted", "*nəʿārîm*": "boys/youths/lads", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/timber (possibly referring to heavy loads)", "*kāšālû*": "they stumbled/staggered/fell" } } 14 { "verseID": "Lamentations.5.14", "source": "זְקֵנִים֙ מִשַּׁ֣עַר שָׁבָ֔תוּ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מִנְּגִינָתָֽם׃", "text": "*zəqēnîm* from-*šaʿar* *šāḇāṯû*, *baḥûrîm* from-*nəḡînāṯām*", "grammar": { "*zəqēnîm*": "noun masculine plural - elders", "*šaʿar*": "noun masculine singular - gate", "*šāḇāṯû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they ceased", "*baḥûrîm*": "noun masculine plural - young men", "*nəḡînāṯām*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their music" }, "variants": { "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/old men", "*šaʿar*": "gate/entrance (place of judicial proceedings and public assembly)", "*šāḇāṯû*": "they ceased/stopped/desisted", "*nəḡînāṯām*": "their music/song/melody" } }