Verse 8

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.27.8", "source": "בְּסַּאסְּאָ֖ה בְּשַׁלְחָ֣הּ תְּרִיבֶ֑נָּה הָגָ֛ה בְּרוּח֥וֹ הַקָּשָׁ֖ה בְּי֥וֹם קָדִֽים׃", "text": "In-*saʾsseʾāh* in-*šalḥāh* *tĕrîbennâ* *hāgâ* with-*rûḥô* the-*qāšâ* in-*yôm* *qādîm*", "grammar": { "*saʾsseʾāh*": "feminine singular noun - measure/moderation", "*šalḥāh*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - sending her away", "*tĕrîbennâ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - you contend with her", "*hāgâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he removed/drove away", "*rûḥô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wind/breath/spirit", "*qāšâ*": "feminine singular adjective - harsh/severe", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*qādîm*": "masculine singular noun - east wind" }, "variants": { "*saʾsseʾāh*": "measure/moderation/in exact measure", "*šalḥāh*": "sending her away/driving her out/expelling her", "*tĕrîbennâ*": "contend with her/strive with her/dispute with her", "*hāgâ*": "removed/drove away/expelled/meditated", "*rûḥô*": "his wind/his breath/his spirit", "*qādîm*": "east wind/sirocco/hot desert wind" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Ved å jage dem bort har du straffet dem, og du drev dem vekk med din sterke vind fra øst.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Med målestokk, når den skyter frem, vil du kjempe imot den; han holder tilbake sin harde vind på østdagens dag.

• Norsk King James

  Når den vokser, vil du stride mot den; han holder sin sterke vind tilbake på østlige vinders dager.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Med måte rettet du klager mot ham da du sendte ham bort, da han ble ført bort av din sterke vind, den dagen den østlige vinden blåste.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Ved å fordrive dem og sende dem bort har du straffet dem. Han har fjernet dem med sin sterke vind på den fryktsomme dagen.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Med måte, når det skyter frem, vil du diskutere med det: han holder sin sterke vind tilbake på østavindens dag.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Når den spirer frem i sin tid, skal du sette i motstand – han demper sin harde vind på den dag den østlige vind blåser.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Med måte, når det skyter frem, vil du diskutere med det: han holder sin sterke vind tilbake på østavindens dag.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Med mildhet rettet du en strid mot henne når du sendte henne bort. Han fjernet henne med sin harde vind på østenvindens dag.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  With exact measure, by sending her away, you contend with her. He drives her out with his fierce wind on the day of the east wind.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Ved fordømmelse og sending bort har han ført bort henne; han har drevet henne bort med sin sterke ånde på Østens dag.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Du trættede imod ham med Maade, da du bortkastede ham, (da) han borttog (ham) ved sit det haarde Veir den Dag, det var Østenvind.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  In measure, when it shooteth forth, thou wilt debate with it: he stayeth his rough wind in the day of the east wind.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Med måte, når det skyter frem, vil du diskutere med det: han holder tilbake sin sterke vind på østenvindens dag.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  In measure, when it shoots forth, You will debate with it: He restrains His rough wind in the day of the east wind.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  In measure, when it shooteth forth, thou wilt debate with it: he stayeth his rough wind in the day of the east wind.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Med måte, når du sender dem bort, kjemper du med dem; han har fjernet dem med sterk vind på østenvindens dag.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Nøye, ved utsendelse strider du med den, han har tatt bort ved sin sterke vind, på en dag med østlig vind.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Ved tilmålt straff, når du sender dem bort, strider du med dem; han har fjernet dem med sin sterke vind på dagen for østavinden.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Din vrede mot henne har blitt tydelig ved å drive henne bort; han har ført henne bort med sin stormvind på den dagen hans østavind blåste.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Euery ma recopenseth wt ye measure yt he receaueth: He museth vpo his sore wynde, as vpo the dayes of extreme heate.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  In measure in the branches thereof wilt thou contende with it, when he bloweth with his rough winde in the day of the East winde.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou wylt punishe it in the braunches, yet not beyonde measure: for in the day that the east winde bloweth sore, it taketh away the fruites.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  In measure, when it shooteth forth, thou wilt debate with it: he stayeth his rough wind in the day of the east wind.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  In measure, when you send them away, you do contend with them; he has removed [them] with his rough blast in the day of the east wind.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  In measure, in sending it forth, thou strivest with it, He hath taken away by His sharp wind, In the day of an east wind,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  In measure, when thou sendest them away, thou dost contend with them; he hath removed [them] with his rough blast in the day of the east wind.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Your anger against her has been made clear by driving her away; he has taken her away with his storm-wind in the day of his east wind.

• World English Bible (2000)

  In measure, when you send them away, you contend with them. He has removed them with his rough blast in the day of the east wind.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When you summon her for divorce, you prosecute her; he drives her away with his strong wind in the day of the east wind.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 4:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.11", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא יֵאָמֵ֤ר לָֽעָם־הַזֶּה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם ר֣וּחַ צַ֤ח שְׁפָיִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר דֶּ֖רֶךְ בַּת־עַמִּ֑י ל֥וֹא לִזְר֖וֹת וְל֥וֹא לְהָבַֽר׃", "text": "In the *ʿēt* *hahîʾ* *yēʾāmēr* to *ʿām*-the *zeh* and to *Yərûšālaim*, *rûaḥ* *ṣaḥ* *šəpāyîm* in the *midbār*, *dereḵ* *bat*-*ʿammî*, not to *lizrôt* and not to *lhābar*", "grammar": { "*ʿēt*": "feminine singular noun, construct - time of", "*hahîʾ*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - that", "*yēʾāmēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be said", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit", "*ṣaḥ*": "masculine singular adjective - clear/scorching", "*šəpāyîm*": "masculine plural noun - bare heights/barren hills", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular noun, construct - way of", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*lizrôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to winnow", "*lhābar*": "qal infinitive construct - to cleanse" }, "variants": { "*ʿēt*": "time/season/moment", "*hahîʾ*": "that/this", "*yēʾāmēr*": "will be said/spoken/declared", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*ṣaḥ*": "clear/scorching/dry", "*šəpāyîm*": "bare heights/barren hills/mountaintops", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated region", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/road", "*bat*": "daughter/girl/female", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*lizrôt*": "to winnow/separate/scatter", "*lhābar*": "to cleanse/clean/purify" } }
• Jer 10:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.24", "source": "יַסְּרֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה אַךְ־בְּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט אַל־בְּאַפְּךָ֖ פֶּן־תַּמְעִטֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*Yassərēnî* *YHWH* only-in-*mišpāṭ* *ʾal*-in-*ʾappəḵā* lest-*tamʿiṭēnî*", "grammar": { "*Yassərēnî*": "piel imperative, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - correct me", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*ʾappəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your anger", "*tamʿiṭēnî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - you diminish me" }, "variants": { "*Yassərēnî*": "correct me/discipline me/chasten me", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/ordinance/due measure", "*ʾappəḵā*": "your anger/wrath/face/nostrils", "*tamʿiṭēnî*": "you diminish me/reduce me/make me few/bring me to nothing" } }
• Ezek 19:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.19.12", "source": "וַתֻּתַּ֤שׁ בְּחֵמָה֙ לָאָ֣רֶץ הֻשְׁלָ֔כָה וְר֥וּחַ הַקָּדִ֖ים הוֹבִ֣ישׁ פִּרְיָ֑הּ הִתְפָּרְק֧וּ וְיָבֵ֛שׁוּ מַטֵּ֥ה עֻזָּ֖הּ אֵ֥שׁ אֲכָלָֽתְהוּ׃", "text": "*wa-tuttaš* *bəḥēmāh* *lāʾāreṣ* *hušlāḵāh* *wərûaḥ* *haqqāḏîm* *hôḇîš* *piryāh* *hitp̄ārəqû* *wəyāḇēšû* *maṭṭēh* *ʿuzzāh* *ʾēš* *ʾăḵālāṯəhû*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction + consecutive - and", "*tuttaš*": "3rd person feminine singular, imperfect, hofal - she was plucked up", "*bəḥēmāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in fury", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the ground", "*hušlāḵāh*": "3rd person feminine singular, perfect, hofal - she was cast down", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct noun - wind of", "*haqqāḏîm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the east", "*hôḇîš*": "3rd person masculine singular, perfect, hiphil - dried up", "*piryāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her fruit", "*hitp̄ārəqû*": "3rd person masculine plural, perfect, hithpael - they were broken off", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*yāḇēšû*": "3rd person masculine plural, perfect, qal - they dried up", "*maṭṭēh*": "masculine singular construct noun - rod of", "*ʿuzzāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her strength", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾăḵālāṯəhû*": "3rd person feminine singular, perfect, qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - consumed it" }, "variants": { "*tuttaš*": "was plucked up/was uprooted/was pulled out", "*ḥēmāh*": "fury/wrath/rage", "*hušlāḵāh*": "was cast down/was thrown down/was flung down", "*rûaḥ haqqāḏîm*": "east wind/wind from the east", "*hôḇîš*": "dried up/withered/parched", "*hitp̄ārəqû*": "were broken off/were detached/were torn away", "*maṭṭēh ʿuzzāh*": "rod of her strength/strong branch" } }
• Hos 13:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.15", "source": "כִּ֣י ה֔וּא בֵּ֥ן אַחִ֖ים יַפְרִ֑יא יָב֣וֹא קָדִים֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֜ה מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר עֹלֶ֗ה וְיֵב֤וֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ֙ וְיֶחֱרַ֣ב מַעְיָנ֔וֹ ה֣וּא יִשְׁסֶ֔ה אוֹצַ֖ר כָּל־כְּלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה׃", "text": "*kî* he *bēn* *ʾaḥ* he *pārâ* he *bôʾ* *qādîm* *rûaḥ* *YHWH* from-*midbār* *ʿālâ* *wə-* he *yābēš* *māqôr*-his *wə-* he *ḥārēb* *maʿyān*-his he *šāsâ* *ʾôṣār* all-*kᵉlî* *ḥemdâ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because/although'", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'son of'", "*ʾaḥ*": "noun, masculine plural - 'brothers'", "*pārâ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he flourishes/bears fruit'", "*bôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will come'", "*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - 'east wind'", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'wind/breath of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - 'wilderness/desert'", "*ʿālâ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - 'coming up'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*yābēš*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will dry up'", "*māqôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his fountain/spring'", "*ḥārēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will be dried up'", "*maʿyān*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his spring'", "*šāsâ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'will plunder'", "*ʾôṣār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'treasury of'", "*kᵉlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'vessel/object of'", "*ḥemdâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'desire/delight'" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/although/though", "*bēn*": "son/among", "*ʾaḥ*": "brothers/relatives", "*pārâ*": "flourishes/bears fruit/is fruitful", "*bôʾ*": "will come/approach/arrive", "*qādîm*": "east wind/sirocco/hot desert wind", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*ʿālâ*": "coming up/ascending/rising", "*yābēš*": "will dry up/wither/be dried", "*māqôr*": "fountain/spring/source", "*ḥārēb*": "will be dried up/will be desolate", "*maʿyān*": "spring/fountain", "*šāsâ*": "will plunder/despoil/pillage", "*ʾôṣār*": "treasury/storehouse/treasure", "*kᵉlî*": "vessel/object/article/implement", "*ḥemdâ*": "desire/delight/precious thing" } }
• Mic 6:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "Micah.6.2", "source": "שִׁמְע֤וּ הָרִים֙ אֶת־רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה וְהָאֵתָנִ֖ים מֹ֣סְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־עַמּ֔וֹ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְוַכָּֽח׃", "text": "*šimʿû* *hārîm* *ʾet*-*rîb* *YHWH* *wə-hāʾētānîm* *mōsədê* *ʾāreṣ* *kî* *rîb* *la-YHWH* *ʿim*-*ʿammô* *wə-ʿim*-*yiśrāʾēl* *yitwakkāḥ*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dispute/contention of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wə-hāʾētānîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the enduring/ancient ones", "*mōsədê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/contention", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʿammô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ʿim*": "conjunction + preposition - and with", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will argue/reason" }, "variants": { "*rîb*": "dispute/contention/lawsuit/legal case", "*hāʾētānîm*": "enduring ones/ancient ones/mighty ones/foundations", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "argue/reason/reprove/dispute" } } 3 { "verseID": "Micah.6.3", "source": "עַמִּ֛י מֶה־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לְךָ֖ וּמָ֣ה הֶלְאֵתִ֑יךָ עֲנֵ֥ה בִּֽי׃", "text": "*ʿammî* *meh*-*ʿāśîtî* *lekā* *û-māh* *helʾētîkā* *ʿănēh* *bî*", "grammar": { "*ʿammî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have done", "*lekā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*û-māh*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what", "*helʾētîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have wearied you", "*ʿănēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - answer/testify", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me" }, "variants": { "*helʾētîkā*": "wearied/tired/burdened/troubled you", "*ʿănēh*": "answer/testify/respond/witness" } } 4 { "verseID": "Micah.6.4", "source": "כִּ֤י הֶעֱלִתִ֙יךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִ֖ים פְּדִיתִ֑יךָ וָאֶשְׁלַ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּמִרְיָֽם׃", "text": "*kî* *heʿĕlîtîkā* *mē-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *û-mibêt* *ʿăbādîm* *pədîtîkā* *wā-ʾešlaḥ* *lə-pānêkā* *ʾet*-*mōšeh* *ʾahărōn* *û-miryām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*heʿĕlîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I brought you up", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*û-mibêt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slaves/servants", "*pədîtîkā*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I redeemed you", "*wā-ʾešlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st person singular consecutive - and I sent", "*lə-pānêkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*û-miryām*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Miriam" }, "variants": { "*heʿĕlîtîkā*": "brought up/raised/lifted/elevated you", "*pədîtîkā*": "redeemed/ransomed/freed you" } } 5 { "verseID": "Micah.6.5", "source": "עַמִּ֗י זְכָר־נָא֙ מַה־יָּעַ֗ץ בָּלָק֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וּמֶה־עָנָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֑וֹר מִן־הַשִּׁטִּים֙ עַד־הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל לְמַ֕עַן דַּ֖עַת צִדְק֥וֹת יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿammî* *zəkār*-*nāʾ* *mah*-*yāʿaṣ* *bālāq* *melek* *môʾāb* *û-meh*-*ʿānāh* *ʾōtô* *bilʿām* *ben*-*bəʿôr* *min*-*haššiṭṭîm* *ʿad*-*haggilgāl* *ləmaʿan* *daʿat* *ṣidqôt* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ʿammî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*zəkār*": "imperative, masculine singular - remember", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*yāʿaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he advised/planned", "*bālāq*": "proper noun - Balak", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*û-meh*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what", "*ʿānāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he answered", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him", "*bilʿām*": "proper noun - Balaam", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*bəʿôr*": "proper noun - Beor", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*haššiṭṭîm*": "definite article + proper noun - the Shittim", "*ʿad*": "preposition - to/until", "*haggilgāl*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilgal", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*daʿat*": "infinitive construct - to know", "*ṣidqôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - righteous acts of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*yāʿaṣ*": "advised/planned/plotted/schemed", "*ʿānāh*": "answered/responded/replied", "*ṣidqôt*": "righteous acts/vindications/deliverances/saving deeds" } }
• 1 Cor 10:13 : 13 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.13", "source": "Πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος: πιστὸς δὲ ὁ Θεός, ὃς οὐκ ἐάσει ὑμᾶς πειρασθῆναι ὑπὲρ ὃ δύνασθε· ἀλλὰ ποιήσει σὺν τῷ πειρασμῷ καὶ τὴν ἔκβασιν, τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑμᾶς ὑπενεγκεῖν.", "text": "*Peirasmos* you not *eilēphen* except *anthrōpinos*: *pistos* *de* the *Theos*, who not *easei* you *peirasthēnai* *hyper* what *dynasthe*; *alla* *poiēsei* with the *peirasmō* also the *ekbasin*, of the *dynasthai* you *hypenegkein*", "grammar": { "*Peirasmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - temptation/trial/test", "*eilēphen*": "perfect indicative, 3rd person singular - has taken/seized", "*anthrōpinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - human/common to man", "*pistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - faithful", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*easei*": "future indicative, 3rd person singular - will allow/permit", "*peirasthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be tempted/tested", "*hyper*": "preposition + accusative - beyond/above", "*dynasthe*": "present middle/passive, 2nd person plural - you are able", "*alla*": "strong adversative - but/rather", "*poiēsei*": "future indicative, 3rd person singular - will make/do", "*peirasmō*": "dative, masculine, singular - temptation/trial/test", "*ekbasin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - way out/escape", "*dynasthai*": "present middle/passive infinitive - to be able", "*hypenegkein*": "aorist infinitive - to bear/endure" }, "variants": { "*Peirasmos*": "temptation/trial/test", "*eilēphen*": "has taken/seized/overtaken", "*anthrōpinos*": "human/common to man/what humans experience", "*pistos*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable", "*easei*": "will allow/permit/let", "*peirasthēnai*": "to be tempted/tested/tried", "*ekbasin*": "way out/escape/exit", "*hypenegkein*": "to bear/endure/stand under" } }
• 1 Pet 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.6", "source": "Ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὀλίγον ἄρτι, εἰ δέον ἐστὶν, λυπηθέντες ἐν ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς:", "text": "In which you *agalliasthe*, *oligon* *arti*, if *deon* it is, having been *lypēthentes* by *poikilois* *peirasmois*:", "grammar": { "*agalliasthe*": "present, middle/passive, indicative, 2nd person, plural - ongoing action", "*oligon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - extent/degree", "*arti*": "adverb - temporal", "*deon*": "present, active, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - condition", "*lypēthentes*": "aorist, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - completed action", "*poikilois*": "dative, masculine, plural - attributive adjective", "*peirasmois*": "dative, masculine, plural - means/instrument" }, "variants": { "*agalliasthe*": "rejoice greatly/exult/be overjoyed", "*oligon*": "little/brief/small", "*arti*": "now/at present/just now", "*deon*": "necessary/proper/fitting", "*lypēthentes*": "having been grieved/distressed/made sorrowful", "*poikilois*": "various/diverse/manifold", "*peirasmois*": "trials/tests/temptations" } }
• Hos 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֠י אֵין־אֱמֶ֧ת וְֽאֵין־חֶ֛סֶד וְאֵֽין־דַּ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *rîb* *l-YHWH* *ʿim*-*yôšbê* *hāʾāreṣ* *kî* *ʾên*-*ʾĕmet* *wə-ʾên*-*ḥesed* *wə-ʾên*-*daʿat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *bāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/speech of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, subject of construct chain", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/controversy/lawsuit", "*l-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - belonging to YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*yôšbê*": "participle construct, masculine plural - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun with definite article - the land", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth/faithfulness", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - steadfast love/covenant loyalty/mercy", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural form (divine singular) - God", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun with definite article - in the land" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/speech/matter/thing", "*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/controversy/quarrel", "*ḥesed*": "steadfast love/covenant loyalty/kindness/mercy", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/insight/understanding", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural but referring to the singular deity)", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } }
• Hos 6:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.6.1", "source": "לְכוּ֙ וְנָשׁ֣וּבָה אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י ה֥וּא טָרָ֖ף וְיִרְפָּאֵ֑נוּ יַ֖ךְ וְיַחְבְּשֵֽׁנוּ׃", "text": "*lәkû* *wә-nāšûḇāh* to-*YHWH*, for he *ṭārāp̄* and-*yirpāʾēnû*, *yak* and-*yəḥabbәšēnû*", "grammar": { "*lәkû*": "imperative, plural - come/go", "*wә-nāšûḇāh*": "conjunction + cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us return", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṭārāp̄*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore/rent", "*yirpāʾēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - he will heal us", "*yak*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he strikes/smites", "*yəḥabbәšēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - he will bind us up" }, "variants": { "*lәkû*": "come/go/proceed", "*ṭārāp̄*": "tore/rent/torn in pieces/mauled", "*yak*": "strikes/smites/wounds", "*yəḥabbәšēnû*": "binds up our wounds/bandages us" } } 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.6.2", "source": "יְחַיֵּ֖נוּ מִיֹּמָ֑יִם בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י יְקִמֵ֖נוּ וְנִחְיֶ֥ה לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "*yәḥayyēnû* from-*yōmāyim*, in-the-day the-*šәlîšî* *yәqimēnû* and-*niḥyeh* before-him", "grammar": { "*yәḥayyēnû*": "imperfect, Piel, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - he will revive us", "*yōmāyim*": "dual noun - two days", "*šәlîšî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - third", "*yәqimēnû*": "imperfect, Hiphil, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - he will raise us up", "*niḥyeh*": "imperfect, 1st person plural, cohortative sense - we shall live" }, "variants": { "*yәḥayyēnû*": "will revive us/give us life/make us alive", "*yōmāyim*": "two days/a couple of days", "*yәqimēnû*": "will raise us up/restore us/establish us" } }
• Hos 11:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.11.7", "source": "וְעַמִּ֥י תְלוּאִ֖ים לִמְשֽׁוּבָתִ֑י וְאֶל־עַל֙ יִקְרָאֻ֔הוּ יַ֖חַד לֹ֥א יְרוֹמֵם׃", "text": "And-*ʿammî* *təlûʾîm* to-*məšûbātî* and-to *ʿal* they-*yiqrāʾuhû* *yaḥad* not *yərômēm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*təlûʾîm*": "verb, qal passive participle masculine plural - hanging/bent/inclined", "*lə-*": "preposition prefix - to", "*məšûbātî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my turning away/backsliding", "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*ʾel-*": "preposition - to/unto", "*ʿal*": "proper noun/preposition - Most High/upward", "*yiqrāʾuhû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they call him", "*yaḥad*": "adverb - together/alike/all", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yərômēm*": "verb, polel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he exalts/raises" }, "variants": { "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*təlûʾîm*": "hanging/bent/inclined/determined", "*məšûbātî*": "my backsliding/turning away/apostasy", "*ʿal*": "Most High/upward/yoke (possible readings)", "*yiqrāʾuhû*": "they call him/summon him/proclaim him", "*yaḥad*": "together/altogether/as one", "*yərômēm*": "he exalts/raises/lifts up" } } 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.11.8", "source": "אֵ֞יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֲמַגֶּנְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ כְאַדְמָ֔ה אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ כִּצְבֹאיִ֑ם נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לִבִּ֔י יַ֖חַד נִכְמְר֥וּ נִחוּמָֽי׃", "text": "How shall-I-*ʾettenkā* *ʾEfrayim*? shall-I-*ʾămagenkā* *Yiśrāʾēl*? How shall-I-*ʾettenkā* like-*ʾAdmâ*? shall-I-*ʾăśîməkā* like-*Ṣəbōʾyim*? *Nehpak* upon-me *libbî* *yaḥad* *nikmərû* *niḥûmāy*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêk*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*ʾettenkā*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will give you/deliver you", "*ʾEfrayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾămagenkā*": "verb, piel imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will deliver/surrender you", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾêk*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*ʾettenkā*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will give you/deliver you", "*kə-*": "preposition prefix - like/as", "*ʾAdmâ*": "proper noun - Admah", "*ʾăśîməkā*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will make you/set you", "*kə-*": "preposition prefix - like/as", "*Ṣəbōʾyim*": "proper noun - Zeboiim", "*nehpak*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it is turned/overturned", "*ʿālay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - upon me", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*yaḥad*": "adverb - together/all at once", "*nikmərû*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd person plural - they grow warm/are kindled", "*niḥûmāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my compassions" }, "variants": { "*ʾettenkā*": "give you up/deliver you/hand you over", "*ʾămagenkā*": "deliver you/surrender you/shield you", "*ʾAdmâ*": "Admah (city destroyed with Sodom)", "*ʾăśîməkā*": "make you/set you/place you", "*Ṣəbōʾyim*": "Zeboiim (city destroyed with Sodom)", "*nehpak*": "is turned/overturned/changed", "*libbî*": "my heart/mind/inner self", "*nikmərû*": "grow warm/are kindled/are stirred", "*niḥûmāy*": "my compassions/consolations" } } 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.11.9", "source": "לֹ֤א אֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ חֲר֣וֹן אַפִּ֔י לֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב לְשַׁחֵ֣ת אֶפְרָ֑יִם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל אָֽנֹכִי֙ וְלֹא־אִ֔ישׁ בְּקִרְבְּךָ֣ קָד֔וֹשׁ וְלֹ֥א אָב֖וֹא בְּעִֽיר׃", "text": "Not I-*ʾeʿĕśeh* *ḥărôn* *ʾappî* not I-*ʾāšûb* to-*šaḥēt* *ʾEfrayim* for *ʾēl* *ʾānōkî* and-not-*ʾîš* in-*qirbəkā* *qādôš* and-not I-*ʾābôʾ* in-*ʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will do/execute", "*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fierceness/burning", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my anger/nose", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾāšûb*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will return/turn back", "*lə-*": "preposition prefix - to", "*šaḥēt*": "verb, piel infinitive construct - destroy", "*ʾEfrayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/I myself", "*wə-lōʾ-*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bə-*": "preposition prefix - in", "*qirbəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your midst", "*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy/set apart", "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾābôʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will come/enter", "*bə-*": "preposition prefix - in", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "will do/execute/carry out", "*ḥărôn*": "fierceness/burning/heat", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nose/my wrath", "*ʾāšûb*": "will return/turn back/again", "*šaḥēt*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/divine being", "*ʾānōkî*": "I/I myself (emphatic)", "*ʾîš*": "man/human/mortal", "*qirbəkā*": "your midst/among you/your inner part", "*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/sacred", "*ʾābôʾ*": "will come/enter/go", "*ʿîr*": "city/town/anger" } }
• Jer 30:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.11", "source": "כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה לְהֽוֹשִׁיעֶ֑ךָ כִּי֩ אֶעֱשֶׂ֨ה כָלָ֜ה בְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֲפִצוֹתִ֣יךָ שָּׁ֗ם אַ֤ךְ אֹֽתְךָ֙ לֹֽא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה כָלָ֔ה וְיִסַּרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֥א אֲנַקֶּֽךָּ", "text": "For-with-you *ʾănî* *nᵉʾum-Yhwh* *lᵉhôšîʿeḵā* for *ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh* in-all-the-*gôyim* which *hăp̄îṣôṯîḵā* there *ʾaḵ* you not-*ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh* and-*yissartîḵā* to-the-*mišpāṭ* and-*naqqēh* not *ʾănaqqekkā*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*nᵉʾum-Yhwh*": "construct phrase - declaration of Yahweh", "*lᵉhôšîʿeḵā*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to save you", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will make", "*kālāh*": "feminine singular noun - complete destruction/end", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations", "*hăp̄îṣôṯîḵā*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I scattered you", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/only/but", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will make", "*kālāh*": "feminine singular noun - complete destruction/end", "*yissartîḵā*": "piel perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will discipline you", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the judgment/justice", "*naqqēh*": "piel infinitive absolute - to leave unpunished", "*ʾănaqqekkā*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will leave you unpunished" }, "variants": { "*lᵉhôšîʿeḵā*": "to save you/deliver you/rescue you", "*kālāh*": "complete destruction/end/annihilation", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*hăp̄îṣôṯîḵā*": "I scattered you/dispersed you", "*yissartîḵā*": "I will discipline you/chastise you/correct you", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/ordinance", "*naqqēh*": "to leave unpunished/acquit/declare innocent", "*ʾănaqqekkā*": "I will leave you unpunished/acquit you" } }
• Jer 46:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.28", "source": "אַ֠תָּה אַל־תִּירָ֞א עַבְדִּ֤י יַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אִתְּךָ֖ אָ֑נִי כִּי֩ אֶעֱשֶׂ֨ה כָלָ֜ה בְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִדַּחְתִּ֣יךָ שָׁ֗מָּה וְאֹֽתְךָ֙ לֹא־אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה כָלָ֔ה וְיִסַּרְתִּ֙יךָ֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֥א אֲנַקֶּֽךָּ׃", "text": "*ʾAttāh* *ʾal*-*tîrāʾ* *ʿaḇdî* *Yaʿăqōḇ*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *kî* with-*ʾittəḵā* *ʾānî*; *kî* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh* among-all-the-*gôyim* which *hiddaḥtîḵā* there, *wə*-*ʾōtəḵā* *lōʾ*-*ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh*; *wə*-*yissartîḵā* for-the-*mišpāṭ*, *wə*-*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *ʾănaqqekkā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*ʾal*-*tîrāʾ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, jussive - do not fear", "*ʿaḇdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*Yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper name - Jacob", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾittəḵā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ʾānî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make", "*kālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - end/complete destruction", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/where", "*hiddaḥtîḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have driven you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*wə*-*ʾōtəḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - but you", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make", "*kālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - end/complete destruction", "*wə*-*yissartîḵā*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will discipline you", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (לְ) and definite article - with/for judgment", "*wə*-*naqqēh*": "conjunction + piel infinitive absolute - and absolving", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾănaqqekkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will clear you" }, "variants": { "*tîrāʾ*": "fear/be afraid", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*ʾeʿĕśeh* *kālāh*": "I will make an end/completely destroy", "*hiddaḥtîḵā*": "I have driven you/scattered you/banished you", "*yissartîḵā*": "I will discipline you/chastise you/correct you", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/what is right", "*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *ʾănaqqekkā*": "I will not leave you entirely unpunished/I will surely not leave you unpunished" } }
• Jer 4:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.27", "source": "כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שְׁמָמָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָלָ֖ה לֹ֥א אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *Yhwh*, *šəmāmāh* *tihyeh* all the *ʾāreṣ*; and *ḵālāh* not *ʾeʿĕśeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*šəmāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/waste", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*ḵālāh*": "feminine singular noun - complete destruction", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will make/do" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/devastation", "*tihyeh*": "will be/become/happen", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ḵālāh*": "complete destruction/annihilation/end", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "will make/do/perform" } }
• Judg 10:10-16 : 10 { "verseID": "Judges.10.10", "source": "וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֤י עָזַ֙בְנוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים", "text": "*wə-yizʿăqû* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *lēʾmōr* *ḥāṭāʾnû* to-you and-that *ʿāzaḇnû* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhênû* *wə-naʿăḇōḏ* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-bəʿālîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they cried out", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1cp - we have sinned", "*ʿāzaḇnû*": "qal perfect 1cp - we have forsaken", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1cp suffix - our God", "*wə-naʿăḇōḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1cp - and we have served", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals" }, "variants": { "*wə-yizʿăqû*": "they cried out/they called out in distress", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/we have missed the mark", "*ʿāzaḇnû*": "we have forsaken/we have abandoned", "*wə-naʿăḇōḏ*": "we have served/we have worshipped" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.10.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמִן־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וּמִן־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וּמִן־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* is-not from-*miṣrayim* and-from-*hā-ʾĕmōrî* and-from-*bənê* *ʿammôn* and-from-*pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "he said/he spoke" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.10.12", "source": "וְצִידוֹנִ֤ים וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙ וּמָע֔וֹן לָחֲצ֖וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדָֽם", "text": "and-*ṣîḏônîm* and-*ʿămālēq* and-*māʿôn* *lāḥăṣû* you *wə-tiṣʿăqû* to-me *wā-ʾôšîʿāh* you from-*yāḏām*", "grammar": { "*ṣîḏônîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Sidonians", "*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek", "*māʿôn*": "proper noun - Maon", "*lāḥăṣû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they oppressed", "*wə-tiṣʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2mp - and you cried out", "*wā-ʾôšîʿāh*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cs - and I saved", "*yāḏām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3mp suffix - their hand" }, "variants": { "*lāḥăṣû*": "they oppressed/they pressured/they squeezed", "*wə-tiṣʿăqû*": "you cried out/you called for help", "*wā-ʾôšîʿāh*": "I saved/I delivered/I rescued" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.10.13", "source": "וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים לָכֵ֥ן לֹֽא־אוֹסִ֖יף לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם", "text": "and-you *ʿăzaḇtem* me *wə-taʿaḇdû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* therefore not-*ʾôsîp̄* *lə-hôšîaʿ* you", "grammar": { "*ʿăzaḇtem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have forsaken", "*wə-taʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 2mp - and you have served", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "hiphil imperfect 1cs - I will continue/add", "*lə-hôšîaʿ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to save" }, "variants": { "*ʿăzaḇtem*": "you have forsaken/you have abandoned", "*wə-taʿaḇdû*": "you have served/you have worshipped", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "I will continue/I will add/I will do again" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.10.14", "source": "לְכ֗וּ וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם בָּ֑ם הֵ֛מָּה יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָכֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת צָרַתְכֶֽם", "text": "*ləḵû* and-*zaʿăqû* to-*hā-ʾĕlōhîm* which *bəḥartem* in-them they *yôšîʿû* to-you in-*ʿēṯ* *ṣāraṯəḵem*", "grammar": { "*ləḵû*": "qal imperative 2mp - go", "*zaʿăqû*": "qal imperative 2mp - cry out", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the gods", "*bəḥartem*": "qal perfect 2mp - you have chosen", "*yôšîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3mp - they will save", "*ʿēṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*ṣāraṯəḵem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2mp suffix - your distress" }, "variants": { "*zaʿăqû*": "cry out/call for help", "*bəḥartem*": "you have chosen/you have selected", "*yôšîʿû*": "they will save/they will deliver/they will rescue", "*ṣāraṯəḵem*": "your distress/your trouble/your tribulation" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.10.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל־יְהוָה֙ חָטָ֔אנוּ עֲשֵׂה־אַתָּ֣ה לָ֔נוּ כְּכָל־הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֛ךְ הַצִּילֵ֥נוּ נָ֖א הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərû* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾnû* *ʿăśēh*-you to-us according-to-all-*ha-ṭôḇ* in-*ʿêneḵā* only *haṣṣîlēnû* please *ha-yôm* *ha-zeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they said", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "qal perfect 1cp - we have sinned", "*ʿăśēh*": "qal imperative 2ms - do", "*ha-ṭôḇ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the good", "*ʿêneḵā*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 2ms suffix - your eyes", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "hiphil imperative 2ms + 1cp suffix - deliver us", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/we have missed the mark", "*ha-ṭôḇ*": "the good/what is good/what is right", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "deliver us/rescue us/save us" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.10.16", "source": "וַיָּסִ֜ירוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ מִקִּרְבָּ֔ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ בַּעֲמַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "*wə-yāsîrû* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ha-nēḵār* from-*qirbām* *wə-yaʿaḇdû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *wə-tiqṣar* *nap̄šô* in-*ʿămal* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāsîrû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they removed", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ha-nēḵār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the foreign", "*qirbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their midst", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they served", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-tiqṣar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it was shortened", "*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his soul", "*ʿămal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - trouble/misery of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāsîrû*": "they removed/they put away", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "they served/they worshipped", "*wə-tiqṣar* *nap̄šô*": "his soul was shortened/he was impatient/he was grieved/he was moved with pity", "*ʿămal*": "trouble/misery/suffering/toil" } }
• Job 23:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Job.23.6", "source": "הַבְּרָב־כֹּ֭חַ יָרִ֣יב עִמָּדִ֑י לֹ֥א אַךְ־ה֝֗וּא יָשִׂ֥ם בִּֽי׃", "text": "*hă-bərāb-kōaḥ* *yārîb* *ʿimmādî* *lōʾ* *ʾak-hûʾ* *yāśîm* *bî*", "grammar": { "*hă-bərāb-kōaḥ*": "interrogative particle + preposition + noun, masculine singular - with greatness of strength/in his great power", "*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would he contend/strive", "*ʿimmādî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾak-hûʾ*": "adverb + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - but/surely he", "*yāśîm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would set/place/put", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - in me/on me" }, "variants": { "*rōb*": "abundance, greatness, multitude", "*kōaḥ*": "strength, power, ability, might", "*rîb*": "to strive, contend, dispute, plead", "*śîm*": "to put, place, set, appoint, establish, direct attention to" } }
• Ps 6:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.6.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ בִּ֭נְגִינוֹת עַֽל־הַשְּׁמִינִ֗ית מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ* with *bingînôt* upon-the *haššəmînît* *mizmôr* to *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "participle with prefixed preposition lamed - to the director/chief musician", "*bingînôt*": "noun, feminine plural with prefixed preposition bet - with stringed instruments", "*haššəmînît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the eighth/octave", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine singular - psalm/song", "*dāwid*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/chief musician/overseer", "*bingînôt*": "stringed instruments/music", "*haššəmînît*": "the eighth (string)/an octave lower/a musical term", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song with instrumental accompaniment", "*dāwid*": "David (proper name)" } }
• Ps 38:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.38.1", "source": "מִזְמ֖וֹר לְדָוִ֣ד לְהַזְכִּֽיר׃", "text": "*Mizmôr* for *Dāwid* for *ləhazkîr*", "grammar": { "*Mizmôr*": "masculine singular noun - psalm/song", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun with prefix lamed - belonging to/for David", "*ləhazkîr*": "infinitive construct with lamed prefix - to cause to remember/bring to remembrance" }, "variants": { "*Mizmôr*": "psalm/song/melody", "*ləhazkîr*": "to bring to remembrance/as a memorial/to make mention" } }
• Ps 76:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.76.10", "source": "בְּקוּם־לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט אֱלֹהִ֑ים לְהוֹשִׁ֖יעַ כָּל־עַנְוֵי־אֶ֣רֶץ סֶֽלָה", "text": "In *qûm*-to the *mišpāṭ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lə-hôšîaʿ* all-*ʿanwê*-*ʾereṣ* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*qûm*": "qal infinitive construct - 'rising/standing'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition lamed - 'for judgment'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (divine name) - 'God'", "*lə-hôšîaʿ*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefixed preposition lamed - 'to save'", "*ʿanwê*": "masculine plural construct adjective - 'humble ones of'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - 'earth/land'", "*selâ*": "musical notation or pause - 'selah'" }, "variants": { "*qûm*": "rising/standing/appearing", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being", "*hôšîaʿ*": "to save/to deliver/to rescue", "*ʿanwê*": "humble ones/meek ones/afflicted ones", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*selâ*": "musical pause/interlude/elevation (meaning uncertain)" } }
• Ps 78:38 : 38 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.38", "source": "וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀ יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-he *raḥûm* *yəkappēr* *ʿāwōn* and-not-*yašḥît* *wə-hirbāh* *ləhāšîb* *ʾappō* and-not-*yāʿîr* all-*ḥămātō*", "grammar": { "*raḥûm*": "masculine singular adjective - compassionate/merciful", "*yəkappēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he atones for/covers/forgives", "*ʿāwōn*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yašḥît*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroys/ruins", "*wə-hirbāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he multiplied/increased", "*ləhāšîb*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to turn back/return", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*yāʿîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he arouses/stirs up", "*ḥămātō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath" }, "variants": { "*raḥûm*": "compassionate/merciful", "*yəkappēr*": "atones for/covers/forgives", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for guilt", "*yašḥît*": "destroys/ruins/brings to ruin", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/did much", "*ləhāšîb*": "to turn back/to return/to withdraw", "*ḥămātō*": "his wrath/his rage/his hot anger" } }
• Ps 103:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.103.14", "source": "כִּי־ה֭וּא יָדַ֣ע יִצְרֵ֑נוּ זָ֝כ֗וּר כִּי־עָפָ֥ר אֲנָֽחְנוּ׃", "text": "For-he *yādaʿ* *yiṣrēnû* *zākûr* that-*ʿāpār* *ʾănāḥnû*", "grammar": { "*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he knows", "*yiṣrēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our formation", "*zākûr*": "qal passive participle masculine singular - remembering/being mindful", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed conjunction *kî* - that dust", "*ʾănāḥnû*": "1st person plural independent pronoun - we" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "knows/understands/recognizes/perceives", "*yiṣrēnû*": "our formation/frame/intention/inclination", "*zākûr*": "remembering/being mindful/recalling", "*ʿāpār*": "dust/dry earth/powder/debris", "*ʾănāḥnû*": "we/us" } }
• Isa 1:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.5", "source": "עַ֣ל מֶ֥ה תֻכּ֛וּ ע֖וֹד תּוֹסִ֣יפוּ סָרָ֑ה כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ לָחֳלִ֔י וְכָל־לֵבָ֖ב דַּוָּֽי׃", "text": "*'al* *meh* *tukkû* *'ôd* *tôsîpû* *sārâ* *kol*-*rōʾš* *lāḥŏlî* *wᵉkol*-*lēbāb* *dawwāy*", "grammar": { "*'al*": "preposition - on/upon/for", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*tukkû*": "verb, hofal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - [will] you be struck", "*'ôd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*tôsîpû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will continue/add", "*sārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - rebellion/revolt", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of/every", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*lāḥŏlî*": "preposition lə- + noun, masculine singular - [is] for sickness", "*wᵉkol*": "conjunction wə- + construct noun - and all of/every", "*lēbāb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*dawwāy*": "adjective, masculine singular - faint/sick" }, "variants": { "*'al* *meh*": "why/for what purpose/for what reason", "*tukkû*": "be struck/be beaten/be smitten", "*tôsîpû*": "continue/add/increase", "*sārâ*": "rebellion/revolt/apostasy", "*lāḥŏlî*": "for sickness/to illness/in pain", "*dawwāy*": "faint/sick/sorrowful" } }
• Isa 1:18-20 : 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.18", "source": "לְכוּ־נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם־יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ* *wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ* *yōʾmar* *YHWH* *ʾim*-*yihyû* *ḥăṭāʾêkem* *kaššānîm* *kaššeleg* *yalbînû* *ʾim*-*yaʾdîmû* *kattôlā'* *kaṣṣemer* *yihyû*", "grammar": { "*lᵉkû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*nāʾ*": "particle - now/please", "*wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us reason together", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins", "*kaššānîm*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, feminine plural - like scarlet", "*kaššeleg*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like snow", "*yalbînû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be white", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yaʾdîmû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are red", "*kattôlā'*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like crimson", "*kaṣṣemer*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like wool", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be" }, "variants": { "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ*": "come now/come please", "*niwwākᵉḥâ*": "reason together/argue/dispute/settle", "*yōʾmar*": "says/speaks/declares", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*šānîm*": "scarlet/crimson/bright red", "*yalbînû*": "they shall be white/become white/be made white", "*yaʾdîmû*": "they are red/they glow red", "*tôlā'*": "crimson/worm/crimson dye" } } 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.19", "source": "אִם־תֹּאב֖וּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם ט֥וּב הָאָ֖רֶץ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*tōʾbû* *ûšma'tem* *ṭûb* *hāʾāreṣ* *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*tōʾbû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you are willing", "*ûšma'tem*": "conjunction wə- + verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and obey", "*ṭûb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - good of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*tōʾkēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall eat" }, "variants": { "*tōʾbû*": "are willing/consent/agree", "*ûšma'tem*": "obey/listen/hear", "*ṭûb*": "good/best/prosperity", "*tōʾkēlû*": "you shall eat/consume/enjoy" } } 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.20", "source": "וְאִם־תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ וּמְרִיתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶב תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ ס", "text": "*wᵉʾim*-*tᵉmāʾănû* *ûmᵉrîtem* *ḥereb* *tᵉʾukkᵉlû* *kî* *pî* *YHWH* *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*wᵉʾim*": "conjunction wə- + conjunction - but if", "*tᵉmāʾănû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you refuse", "*ûmᵉrîtem*": "conjunction wə- + verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and rebel", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*tᵉʾukkᵉlû*": "verb, pual imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall be devoured", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*tᵉmāʾănû*": "refuse/decline/be unwilling", "*ûmᵉrîtem*": "rebel/disobey/be rebellious", "*ḥereb*": "sword/war/destruction", "*tᵉʾukkᵉlû*": "you shall be devoured/consumed/eaten", "*pî*": "mouth/word/command" } }
• Isa 5:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.3", "source": "וְעַתָּ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃", "text": "And *wə*-now *yôšēb* *yərûšālaim* and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ*, *šipṭû-nāʾ* between me and between my *karmî*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller in", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun construct - man of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šipṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - judge", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard" }, "variants": { "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.4", "source": "מַה־לַּעֲשׂ֥וֹת עוֹד֙ לְכַרְמִ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי בּ֑וֹ מַדּ֧וּעַ קִוֵּ֛יתִי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃", "text": "What *mah*-more *laʿăśôt* for my *karmî* that I have not *ʿāśîtî* in it? Why *madûaʿ* did I *qiwwêtî* it *laʿăśôt* *ʿănābîm* but it *yaʿaś* *bəʾušîm*?", "grammar": { "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to do", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I did/have done", "*madûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*qiwwêtî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I expected/waited for", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to produce", "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - grapes", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it produced", "*bəʾušîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild/sour grapes" }, "variants": { "*qiwwêtî*": "expected/hoped/waited for", "*bəʾušîm*": "wild grapes/stinking things/worthless fruit" } }
• Isa 10:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.5", "source": "הוֹי אַשּׁוּר שֵׁבֶט אַפִּי וּמַטֶּה־הוּא בְיָדָם זַעְמִי", "text": "*hôy* *ʾaššûr* *šēbeṭ* *ʾappî* *ûmaṭṭeh*-*hûʾ* *beyādām* *zaʿmî*", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe!/alas!", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria/Assyrian", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - rod/staff of", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*ûmaṭṭeh*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and staff/rod", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it", "*beyādām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their hand", "*zaʿmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my indignation/wrath" }, "variants": { "*šēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/tribe/scepter", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/nose/face", "*maṭṭeh*": "staff/rod/branch/tribe", "*zaʿmî*": "my indignation/wrath/fury" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.6", "source": "בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל־עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצוֹת", "text": "*begôy* *ḥānēp̄* *ʾăšalleḥennû* *weʿal*-*ʿam* *ʿebrātî* *ʾăṣawwennû* *lišlōl* *šālāl* *welābōz* *baz* *ûleśûmô* *mirmās* *keḥōmer* *ḥûṣôt*", "grammar": { "*begôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation", "*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine singular - godless/profane/impious", "*ʾăšalleḥennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will send him", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and against", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʿebrātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*ʾăṣawwennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will command him", "*lišlōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to plunder", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil", "*welābōz*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to seize", "*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/booty", "*ûleśûmô*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and to make it", "*mirmās*": "noun, masculine singular - trampling place/trodden thing", "*keḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mire", "*ḥûṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - streets/outside places" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious/hypocritical", "*ʿebrātî*": "my wrath/fury/rage/anger", "*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/prey/booty", "*baz*": "spoil/booty/prey", "*mirmās*": "trampling place/thing trodden down", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mire/mud", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/marketplaces" } }
• Isa 10:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.12", "source": "וְהָיָה כִּי־יְבַצַּע אֲדֹנָי אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְּהַר צִיּוֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם אֶפְקֹד עַל־פְּרִי־גֹדֶל לְבַב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וְעַל־תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם עֵינָיו", "text": "*wehāyāh* *kî*-*yebaṣṣaʿ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾet*-*kāl*-*maʿăśēhû* *behar* *ṣiyyôn* *ûbîrûšālāim* *ʾep̄qōd* *ʿal*-*perî*-*gōdel* *lebab* *meleḵ*-*ʾaššûr* *weʿal*-*tip̄ʾeret* *rûm* *ʿênāyw*", "grammar": { "*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/that", "*yebaṣṣaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he completes/finishes", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - the Lord", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*maʿăśēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his work", "*behar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in mountain of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*ûbîrûšālāim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Jerusalem", "*ʾep̄qōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will punish/visit", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*perî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*gōdel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - greatness of", "*lebab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*tip̄ʾeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/splendor of", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height/haughtiness of", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes" }, "variants": { "*baṣṣaʿ*": "complete/finish/accomplish/cut off", "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to/muster", "*perî*": "fruit/result/outcome/product", "*gōdel*": "greatness/pride/arrogance", "*tip̄ʾeret*": "glory/splendor/beauty/pride", "*rûm*": "height/haughtiness/loftiness/exaltation" } }
• Isa 50:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.50.1", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣י זֶ֠ה סֵ֣פֶר כְּרִית֤וּת אִמְּכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁלַּחְתִּ֔יהָ א֚וֹ מִ֣י מִנּוֹשַׁ֔י אֲשֶׁר־מָכַ֥רְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם ל֑וֹ הֵ֤ן בַּעֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֔ם וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶ֖ם שֻׁלְּחָ֥ה אִמְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, Where [is] this *sēper* *kərîtût* [of] *ʾimməkem* which *šillaḥtîhā* or who from *nôšay* to whom *māḵartî* *ʾeṯḵem* to him? *hēn* in *ʿăwōnōṯêḵem* *nimkarttem* and in *pišʿêḵem* *šulləḥâ* *ʾimməḵem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - document/scroll/book", "*kərîtût*": "noun, feminine singular - divorce/cutting off", "*ʾimməkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person plural suffix - your mother", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "perfect, 1st singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I sent her away", "*nôšay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my creditors", "*māḵartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I sold", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold/indeed", "*ʿăwōnōṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your iniquities", "*nimkarttem*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you were sold", "*pišʿêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your transgressions", "*šulləḥâ*": "pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was sent away", "*ʾimməḵem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your mother" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*sēper*": "document/scroll/certificate/book", "*kərîtût*": "divorce/cutting off/separation", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/I divorced her", "*nôšay*": "my creditors/my lenders", "*māḵartî*": "I sold/I handed over", "*hēn*": "behold/look/indeed", "*ʿăwōnōṯêḵem*": "your iniquities/your sins/your wrongdoings", "*nimkarttem*": "you were sold/you have been sold", "*pišʿêḵem*": "your transgressions/your rebellions/your offenses", "*šulləḥâ*": "she was sent away/she was dismissed/she was divorced" } }
• Isa 54:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.54.7", "source": "בְּרֶ֥גַע קָטֹ֖ן עֲזַבְתִּ֑יךְ וּבְרַחֲמִ֥ים גְּדֹלִ֖ים אֲקַבְּצֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*Bəregaʿ* *qāṭōn* *ʿăzabtîk* *û-bəraḥămîm* *gədōlîm* *ʾăqabbəṣēk*", "grammar": { "*Bəregaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in a moment", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small/brief", "*ʿăzabtîk*": "verb, perfect, 1st singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - I forsook you", "*û-bəraḥămîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and with mercies", "*gədōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great", "*ʾăqabbəṣēk*": "verb, imperfect, 1st singular, piel + 2nd feminine singular suffix - I will gather you" }, "variants": { "*regaʿ*": "moment/instant", "*qāṭōn*": "small/little/brief", "*ʿăzabtîk*": "forsook you/abandoned you/left you", "*raḥămîm*": "mercies/compassion/tender love", "*gədōlîm*": "great/large/abundant", "*ʾăqabbəṣēk*": "will gather you/will collect you/will bring you together" } }
• Isa 57:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.16", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָם֙ אָרִ֔יב וְלֹ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח אֶקְּצ֑וֹף כִּי־ר֙וּחַ֙ מִלְּפָנַ֣י יַֽעֲט֔וֹף וּנְשָׁמ֖וֹת אֲנִ֥י עָשִֽׂיתִי׃", "text": "*kî* *lōʾ* *lə-ʿôlām* *ʾārîb* *wə-lōʾ* *lāneṣaḥ* *ʾeqqəṣôp* *kî-rûaḥ* *millə pānay* *yaʿăṭôp* *û-nəšāmôt* *ʾănî* *ʿāśîtî*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - forever", "*ʾārîb*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will contend/strive", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunctive waw + negative particle - and not", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - for eternity/perpetually", "*ʾeqqəṣôp*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be angry", "*kî-rûaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - for spirit", "*millə pānay*": "preposition + preposition + noun, masculine, plural + 1st person singular suffix - from before me", "*yaʿăṭôp*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it would faint/be overwhelmed", "*û-nəšāmôt*": "conjunctive waw + noun, feminine, plural - and souls/breath", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have made" }, "variants": { "*lə-ʿôlām*": "forever/eternally/perpetually", "*ʾārîb*": "I will contend/dispute/strive", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "perpetually/continually/forever", "*ʾeqqəṣôp*": "I will be angry/wrathful/indignant", "*yaʿăṭôp*": "would faint/grow weary/be overwhelmed", "*millə pānay*": "from before me/from my presence", "*nəšāmôt*": "souls/breaths/spirits/life" } }
• Jer 2:17-37 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.17", "source": "הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ עָזְבֵךְ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ בְּעֵ֖ת מוֹלִיכֵ֥ךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*Hălôʾ*-*zōʾt* *taʿăśeh*-*lāk* *ʿāzəbēk* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhayik* *bə-ʿēt* *môlîkēk* *ba-dārek*", "grammar": { "*Hălôʾ*-*zōʾt*": "interrogative particle + negative particle + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - is not this", "*taʿăśeh*-*lāk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - it does to you", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your forsaking", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + divine name - YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhayik*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your God", "*bə-ʿēt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in time of", "*môlîkēk*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - his leading you", "*ba-dārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the way" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśeh*": "it does/it brings/it causes", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "your forsaking/your abandoning/your leaving", "*ʾĕlōhayik*": "your God", "*ʿēt*": "time/period/season", "*môlîkēk*": "his leading you/his guiding you/his bringing you", "*dārek*": "way/path/road/journey" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.18", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֣י שִׁח֑וֹר וּמַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֥י נָהָֽר׃", "text": "*Wə-ʿattāh* *mah*-*lāk* *lə-derek* *Miṣrayim* *lištôt* *mê* *šiḥôr* *û-mah*-*lāk* *lə-derek* *ʾAššûr* *lištôt* *mê* *nāhār*", "grammar": { "*Wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*mah*-*lāk*": "interrogative pronoun + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what to you", "*lə-derek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to way of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lištôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*šiḥôr*": "proper noun - Shihor/Nile", "*û-mah*-*lāk*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and what to you", "*lə-derek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to way of", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*lištôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river" }, "variants": { "*mah*-*lāk*": "what is it to you/what business have you/what profit for you", "*derek*": "way/road/path/journey", "*lištôt*": "to drink/for drinking", "*mê*": "waters of/water from", "*šiḥôr*": "Shihor/Nile/Black River", "*nāhār*": "river/Euphrates" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.19", "source": "תְּיַסְּרֵ֣ךְ רָעָתֵ֗ךְ וּמְשֻֽׁבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ תּוֹכִחֻ֔ךְ וּדְעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ כִּי־רַ֣ע וָמָ֔ר עָזְבֵ֖ךְ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ וְלֹ֤א פַחְדָּתִי֙ אֵלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "*təyassərēk* *rāʿātēk* *ūməšubôtayik* *tôkiḥuk* *ūdəʿî* *ūrəʾî* *kî*-*raʿ* *wāmār* *ʿāzəbēk* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhāyik* *wəlōʾ* *paḥdātî* *ʾēlayik* *nəʾum*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*", "grammar": { "*təyassərēk*": "imperfect Piel, 3rd feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - will discipline/chastise you", "*rāʿātēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your evil/wickedness", "*ūməšubôtayik*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your backslidings/apostasies", "*tôkiḥuk*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - they will rebuke/reprove you", "*ūdəʿî*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and know!", "*ūrəʾî*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and see!", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*wāmār*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and bitter", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "infinitive construct Qal with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your forsaking", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your God", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*paḥdātî*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - my fear/dread", "*ʾēlayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to/toward you", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration/oracle of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*təyassərēk*": "will discipline/chastise/correct/punish you", "*rāʿātēk*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*məšubôtayik*": "your backslidings/apostasies/rebellions", "*tôkiḥuk*": "will rebuke/reprove/correct/convict you", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/harmful", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "your forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*paḥdātî*": "my fear/dread/terror", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } } 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.20", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵעוֹלָ֞ם שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי עֻלֵּ֗ךְ נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י לֹ֣א אעבד אֶעֱב֑וֹר כִּ֣י עַֽל־כָּל־גִּבְעָ֞ה גְּבֹהָ֗ה וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן אַ֖תְּ צֹעָ֥ה זֹנָֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *mēʿôlām* *šābartî* *ʿullēk* *nittaqtî* *môsərôtayik* *wattōʾmərî* *lōʾ* *ʾeʿĕbôr* *kî* *ʿal*-*kol*-*gibʿāh* *gəbōhāh* *wətaḥat* *kol*-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān* *ʾatt* *ṣōʿāh* *zōnāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʿôlām*": "preposition + noun - from of old/long ago", "*šābartî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I broke", "*ʿullēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your yoke", "*nittaqtî*": "perfect Piel, 1st singular - I tore off/broke", "*môsərôtayik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bonds/fetters", "*wattōʾmərî*": "consecutive imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and you said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeʿĕbôr*": "imperfect Qal, 1st singular - I will serve/transgress (textual variant between *ʾeʿĕbōd* [serve] and *ʾeʿĕbôr* [transgress/cross over])", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*kol*": "construct noun - every/all of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - hill", "*gəbōhāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wətaḥat*": "conjunction + preposition - and under", "*kol*": "construct noun - every/all of", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - luxuriant/green/leafy", "*ʾatt*": "2nd feminine singular pronoun - you", "*ṣōʿāh*": "participle Qal, feminine singular - bowing down/reclining", "*zōnāh*": "participle Qal, feminine singular - prostituting/playing harlot" }, "variants": { "*mēʿôlām*": "from of old/long ago/ancient times", "*šābartî*": "I broke/shattered/smashed", "*ʿullēk*": "your yoke/burden", "*nittaqtî*": "I tore off/broke/burst", "*môsərôtayik*": "your bonds/fetters/chains", "*ʾeʿĕbôr*": "I will serve (Qere: *ʾeʿĕbōd*) / I will transgress (Ketiv: *ʾeʿĕbôr*)", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height", "*raʿănān*": "luxuriant/green/leafy/flourishing", "*ṣōʿāh*": "bowing down/reclining/lying down", "*zōnāh*": "prostituting/playing harlot/being unfaithful" } } 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.21", "source": "וְאָֽנֹכִי֙ נְטַעְתִּ֣יךְ שֹׂרֵ֔ק כֻּלֹּ֖ה זֶ֣רַע אֱמֶ֑ת וְאֵיךְ֙ נֶהְפַּ֣כְתְּ לִ֔י סוּרֵ֖י הַגֶּ֥פֶן נָכְרִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*wəʾānōkî* *nəṭaʿtîk* *śōrēq* *kullōh* *zeraʿ* *ʾĕmet* *wəʾêk* *nehpakt* *lî* *sûrê* *haggefen* *nokrîyāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1st singular pronoun - and I", "*nəṭaʿtîk*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - I planted you", "*śōrēq*": "masculine singular noun - choice vine/choice species", "*kullōh*": "masculine singular adjective with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular construct noun - seed of", "*ʾĕmet*": "feminine singular noun - truth/faithfulness", "*wəʾêk*": "conjunction + interrogative - and how", "*nehpakt*": "perfect Niphal, 2nd feminine singular - you have turned/changed", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*sûrê*": "plural construct participle Qal - degenerate shoots of", "*haggefen*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the vine", "*nokrîyāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - foreign/strange" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōkî*": "I (emphatic)", "*nəṭaʿtîk*": "I planted/established you", "*śōrēq*": "choice vine/choice variety/noble vine", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/posterity", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*nehpakt*": "you have turned/changed/been transformed", "*sûrê*": "degenerate shoots/degenerate branches/wild offshoots", "*nokrîyāh*": "foreign/strange/alien" } } 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.22", "source": "כִּ֤י אִם־תְּכַבְּסִי֙ בַּנֶּ֔תֶר וְתַרְבִּי־לָ֖ךְ בֹּרִ֑ית נִכְתָּ֤ם עֲוֺנֵךְ֙ לְפָנַ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *ʾim*-*təkabbəsî* *banneter* *wətarbî*-*lāk* *bōrît* *niktām* *ʿăwōnēk* *ləfānay* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/though", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*təkabbəsî*": "imperfect Piel, 2nd feminine singular - you wash", "*banneter*": "preposition + definite article + masculine noun - with the lye/natron", "*wətarbî*": "conjunction + imperfect Hiphil, 2nd feminine singular - and you increase/multiply", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*bōrît*": "feminine singular noun - soap/alkali", "*niktām*": "perfect Niphal, 3rd masculine singular - is stained/marked", "*ʿăwōnēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your iniquity", "*ləfānay*": "preposition + plural noun with 1st singular suffix - before me", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration/oracle of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/though/even if", "*təkabbəsî*": "you wash/cleanse/launder", "*neter*": "lye/natron/mineral alkali", "*tarbî*": "you increase/multiply/use abundantly", "*bōrît*": "soap/alkali/cleansing agent", "*niktām*": "is stained/marked/ingrained", "*ʿăwōnēk*": "your iniquity/guilt/sin", "*ləfānay*": "before me/in my sight/in my presence" } } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.23", "source": "אֵ֣יךְ תֹּאמְרִ֞י לֹ֣א נִטְמֵ֗אתִי אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ לֹ֣א הָלַ֔כְתִּי רְאִ֤י דַרְכֵּךְ֙ בַּגַּ֔יְא דְּעִ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑ית בִּכְרָ֥ה קַלָּ֖ה מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת דְּרָכֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾêk* *tōʾmərî* *lōʾ* *niṭmēʾtî* *ʾaḥărê* *habbəʿālîm* *lōʾ* *hālaktî* *rəʾî* *darkēk* *baggayʾ* *dəʿî* *meh* *ʿāśît* *bikrāh* *qallāh* *məśāreket* *dərākêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾêk*": "interrogative - how", "*tōʾmərî*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - you say", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*niṭmēʾtî*": "perfect Niphal, 1st singular - I am defiled", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*habbəʿālîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Baals", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hālaktî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I have gone/walked", "*rəʾî*": "imperative Qal, feminine singular - see", "*darkēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*baggayʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the valley", "*dəʿî*": "imperative Qal, feminine singular - know", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*ʿāśît*": "perfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - you have done", "*bikrāh*": "feminine singular noun - young female camel", "*qallāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - swift/light", "*məśāreket*": "participle Piel, feminine singular - entangling/interlacing", "*dərākêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ways" }, "variants": { "*tōʾmərî*": "you say/claim/assert", "*niṭmēʾtî*": "I am defiled/polluted/unclean", "*bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters (pagan deities)", "*hālaktî*": "I have gone/walked/followed", "*darkēk*": "your way/path/conduct", "*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine (possibly referring to valley of Hinnom where child sacrifices occurred)", "*ʿāśît*": "you have done/made/committed", "*bikrāh*": "young female camel/young dromedary", "*qallāh*": "swift/light/nimble", "*məśāreket*": "entangling/interlacing/crisscrossing/traversing rapidly" } } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.24", "source": "פֶּ֣רֶה ׀ לִמֻּ֣ד מִדְבָּ֗ר בְּאַוַּ֤ת נפשו נַפְשָׁהּ֙ שָׁאֲפָ֣ה ר֔וּחַ תַּאֲנָתָ֖הּ מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נָּה כָּל־מְבַקְשֶׁ֙יהָ֙ לֹ֣א יִיעָ֔פוּ בְּחָדְשָׁ֖הּ יִמְצָאֽוּנְהָ׃", "text": "*pereʾ* *limmud* *midbār* *bəʾawwat* *nafšāh* *šāʾăfāh* *rûaḥ* *taʾănātāh* *mî* *yəšîbennāh* *kol*-*məbaqšêhā* *lōʾ* *yîʿāfû* *bəḥodšāh* *yimṣāʾûnhā*", "grammar": { "*pereʾ*": "masculine singular noun - wild donkey", "*limmud*": "passive participle Pual, masculine singular - accustomed to/taught", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*bəʾawwat*": "preposition + construct feminine singular noun - in the desire of", "*nafšāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her soul/appetite (Qere, corrected reading)", "*šāʾăfāh*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - she snuffs up/pants after", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/breath", "*taʾănātāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her desire/craving", "*mî*": "interrogative - who", "*yəšîbennāh*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - can turn her back", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*məbaqšêhā*": "masculine plural participle Piel with 3rd feminine singular suffix - those seeking her", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yîʿāfû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they will weary/tire", "*bəḥodšāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her month", "*yimṣāʾûnhā*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will find her" }, "variants": { "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*limmud*": "accustomed to/taught/trained", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*ʾawwat*": "desire/lust/craving", "*nafšāh*": "her soul/appetite/desire (textual variant: *nafšô* = his soul or *nafšāh* = her soul)", "*šāʾăfāh*": "she snuffs up/pants after/eagerly inhales", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/air", "*taʾănātāh*": "her desire/craving/lust", "*yəšîbennāh*": "can turn her back/restrain her/hold her back", "*məbaqšêhā*": "those seeking her/pursuing her/searching for her", "*yîʿāfû*": "they will weary/tire/exhaust themselves", "*ḥodšāh*": "her month/her time of heat/her mating season", "*yimṣāʾûnhā*": "they will find her/encounter her" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.25", "source": "מִנְעִ֤י רַגְלֵךְ֙ מִיָּחֵ֔ף וגורנך וּגְרוֹנֵ֖ךְ מִצִּמְאָ֑ה וַתֹּאמְרִ֣י נוֹאָ֔שׁ ל֕וֹא כִּֽי־אָהַ֥בְתִּי זָרִ֖ים וְאַחֲרֵיהֶ֥ם אֵלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*minʿî* *raglēk* *miyyāḥēf* *ūgərônēk* *miṣṣimʾāh* *wattōʾmərî* *nôʾāš* *lôʾ* *kî*-*ʾāhabtî* *zārîm* *wəʾaḥărêhem* *ʾēlēk*", "grammar": { "*minʿî*": "imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - withhold/keep back", "*raglēk*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your feet", "*miyyāḥēf*": "preposition + infinitive Qal - from being unshod/barefoot", "*ūgərônēk*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your throat (Qere, corrected reading)", "*miṣṣimʾāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - from thirst", "*wattōʾmərî*": "consecutive imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - but you said", "*nôʾāš*": "passive participle Niphal, masculine singular - it is hopeless/desperate", "*lôʾ*": "negative particle - no", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāhabtî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I have loved", "*zārîm*": "masculine plural adjective - strangers/foreigners", "*wəʾaḥărêhem*": "conjunction + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and after them", "*ʾēlēk*": "imperfect Qal, 1st singular - I will go" }, "variants": { "*minʿî*": "withhold/keep back/restrain", "*raglēk*": "your feet/your foot (dual form)", "*yāḥēf*": "being unshod/barefoot/bare", "*gərônēk*": "your throat/neck (textual variant: *gərônēk* [Qere] vs. *gôrnēk* [Ketiv])", "*ṣimʾāh*": "thirst/dryness", "*nôʾāš*": "it is hopeless/desperate/in vain", "*ʾāhabtî*": "I have loved/desired/preferred", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*ʾēlēk*": "I will go/follow/pursue" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.26", "source": "כְּבֹ֤שֶׁת גַּנָּב֙ כִּ֣י יִמָּצֵ֔א כֵּ֥ן הֹבִ֖ישׁוּ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֵ֤מָּה מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ שָֽׂרֵיהֶ֔ם וְכֹהֲנֵיהֶ֖ם וּנְבִיאֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*kəbōšet* *gannāb* *kî* *yimmāṣēʾ* *kēn* *hōbîšû* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* *hēmmāh* *malkêhem* *śārêhem* *wəkōhănêhem* *ūnəbîʾêhem*", "grammar": { "*kəbōšet*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - like the shame of", "*gannāb*": "masculine singular noun - thief", "*kî*": "conjunction - when", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "imperfect Niphal, 3rd masculine singular - he is found/caught", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*hōbîšû*": "perfect Hiphil, 3rd common plural - they are put to shame", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*malkêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their kings", "*śārêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their princes/officials", "*wəkōhănêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their priests", "*ūnəbîʾêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their prophets" }, "variants": { "*bōšet*": "shame/disgrace/humiliation", "*gannāb*": "thief/robber", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "he is found/caught/discovered", "*hōbîšû*": "they are put to shame/disgraced/humiliated", "*bêt*": "house/household/family/dynasty of", "*śārêhem*": "their princes/officials/leaders", "*kōhănêhem*": "their priests/religious leaders", "*nəbîʾêhem*": "their prophets/seers" } } 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.27", "source": "אֹמְרִ֨ים לָעֵ֜ץ אָ֣בִי אַ֗תָּה וְלָאֶ֙בֶן֙ אַ֣תְּ ילדתני יְלִדְתָּ֔נוּ כִּֽי־פָנ֥וּ אֵלַ֛י עֹ֖רֶף וְלֹ֣א פָנִ֑ים וּבְעֵ֤ת רָֽעָתָם֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ ק֖וּמָה וְהוֹשִׁיעֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "*ʾōmərîm* *lāʿēṣ* *ʾābî* *ʾattāh* *wəlāʾeben* *ʾatt* *yəlidtānû* *kî*-*fānû* *ʾēlay* *ʿōref* *wəlōʾ* *fānîm* *ūbəʿēt* *rāʿātām* *yōʾmərû* *qûmāh* *wəhôšîʿēnû*", "grammar": { "*ʾōmərîm*": "participle Qal, masculine plural - saying", "*lāʿēṣ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the wood/tree", "*ʾābî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my father", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*wəlāʾeben*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - and to the stone", "*ʾatt*": "2nd feminine singular pronoun - you", "*yəlidtānû*": "perfect Qal, 2nd masculine singular with 1st plural suffix - you gave birth to us (Qere, corrected reading)", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*fānû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - they have turned", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*ʿōref*": "masculine singular noun - back/neck", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*fānîm*": "masculine plural noun - face", "*ūbəʿēt*": "conjunction + preposition + construct feminine singular noun - but in the time of", "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their calamity/trouble", "*yōʾmərû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they will say", "*qûmāh*": "imperative Qal, masculine singular - arise", "*wəhôšîʿēnû*": "conjunction + imperative Hiphil, masculine singular with 1st plural suffix - and save us" }, "variants": { "*ʾōmərîm*": "saying/declaring/speaking", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/timber (wooden idol)", "*ʾeben*": "stone/rock (stone idol)", "*yəlidtānû*": "you gave birth to us/you bore us/you brought us forth (textual variant: *yəlidtānû* [Qere] = you [masculine singular] gave birth to us vs. *yəlidtinî* [Ketiv] = you [feminine singular] gave birth to me)", "*fānû*": "they have turned/faced/directed", "*ʿōref*": "back/neck/shoulder (idiom for turning away)", "*fānîm*": "face/presence/front", "*rāʿātām*": "their calamity/trouble/distress", "*qûmāh*": "arise/stand up/get up", "*hôšîʿēnû*": "save us/rescue us/deliver us" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.28", "source": "וְאַיֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔ךְ יָק֕וּמוּ אִם־יוֹשִׁיע֖וּךָ בְּעֵ֣ת רָעָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*wəʾayyēh* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśîtā* *lāk* *yāqûmû* *ʾim*-*yôšîʿûkā* *bəʿēt* *rāʿātekā* *kî* *mispar* *ʿārêkā* *hāyû* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *yəhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾayyēh*": "conjunction + interrogative - and where", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that/whom", "*ʿāśîtā*": "perfect Qal, 2nd masculine singular - you made", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*yāqûmû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - let them arise", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yôšîʿûkā*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they can save you", "*bəʿēt*": "preposition + construct feminine singular noun - in the time of", "*rāʿātekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your calamity/trouble", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mispar*": "masculine singular construct noun - number of", "*ʿārêkā*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your cities", "*hāyû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - have been", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*ʾayyēh*": "where/where are", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "your gods/deities/idols", "*ʿāśîtā*": "you made/created/fashioned", "*yāqûmû*": "let them arise/stand up/rise", "*yôšîʿûkā*": "they can save you/deliver you/rescue you", "*rāʿātekā*": "your calamity/trouble/distress", "*mispar*": "number/quantity/count", "*ʿārêkā*": "your cities/towns" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.29", "source": "לָ֥מָּה תָרִ֖יבוּ אֵלָ֑י כֻּלְּכֶ֛ם פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם בִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*lāmmāh* *tārîbû* *ʾēlāy* *kullkem* *pəšaʿtem* *bî* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*tārîbû*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd masculine plural - you contend/strive", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - with me", "*kullkem*": "masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - all of you", "*pəšaʿtem*": "perfect Qal, 2nd masculine plural - you have transgressed/rebelled", "*bî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - against me", "*nəʾum*": "masculine singular construct noun - declaration/oracle of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*lāmmāh*": "why/for what reason", "*tārîbû*": "you contend/strive/dispute/bring charges", "*pəšaʿtem*": "you have transgressed/rebelled/revolted", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } } 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.30", "source": "לַשָּׁוְא֙ הִכֵּ֣יתִי אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֔ם מוּסָ֖ר לֹ֣א לָקָ֑חוּ אָכְלָ֧ה חַרְבְּכֶ֛ם נְבִֽיאֵיכֶ֖ם כְּאַרְיֵ֥ה מַשְׁחִֽית׃", "text": "*laššāwʾ* *hikkêtî* *ʾet*-*bənêkem* *mûsār* *lōʾ* *lāqāḥû* *ʾāklāh* *ḥarbkem* *nəbîʾêkem* *kəʾaryēh* *mašḥît*", "grammar": { "*laššāwʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in vain", "*hikkêtî*": "perfect Hiphil, 1st singular - I have struck", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bənêkem*": "masculine plural construct noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your children/sons", "*mûsār*": "masculine singular noun - discipline/correction", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lāqāḥû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - they received/accepted", "*ʾāklāh*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - it has devoured", "*ḥarbkem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sword", "*nəbîʾêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your prophets", "*kəʾaryēh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - like a lion", "*mašḥît*": "participle Hiphil, masculine singular - destroying/ravaging" }, "variants": { "*šāwʾ*": "in vain/for nothing/futilely", "*hikkêtî*": "I have struck/smitten/disciplined", "*bənêkem*": "your children/sons/offspring", "*mûsār*": "discipline/correction/instruction", "*lāqāḥû*": "they received/accepted/took", "*ʾāklāh*": "it has devoured/consumed/eaten", "*ḥereb*": "sword/weapon/violence", "*nəbîʾêkem*": "your prophets/seers", "*ʾaryēh*": "lion/predator", "*mašḥît*": "destroying/ravaging/ruining" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.31", "source": "הַדּ֗וֹר אַתֶּם֙ רְא֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הֲמִדְבָּ֤ר הָיִי֙תִי֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֛ם אֶ֥רֶץ מַאְפֵּ֖לְיָ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ אָמְר֤וּ עַמִּי֙ רַ֔דְנוּ לֽוֹא־נָב֥וֹא ע֖וֹד אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*haddôr* *ʾattem* *rəʾû* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *hămidbār* *hāyîtî* *ləyiśrāʾēl* *ʾim* *ʾereṣ* *maʾpēlyāh* *maddûaʿ* *ʾāmrû* *ʿammî* *radnû* *lôʾ*-*nābôʾ* *ʿôd* *ʾēlêkā*", "grammar": { "*haddôr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the generation", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*rəʾû*": "imperative Qal, masculine plural - see/consider", "*dəbar*": "masculine singular construct noun - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hămidbār*": "interrogative + masculine singular noun - a wilderness", "*hāyîtî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - have I been", "*ləyiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Israel", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - or", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct noun - land of", "*maʾpēlyāh*": "feminine singular noun - deep darkness", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*ʾāmrû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - they say", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*radnû*": "perfect Qal, 1st plural - we roam freely/we rule", "*lôʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nābôʾ*": "imperfect Qal, 1st plural - we will come", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/anymore", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*rəʾû*": "see/consider/observe", "*dəbar*": "word/speech/command", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*hāyîtî*": "have I been/was I", "*maʾpēlyāh*": "deep darkness/gloom/thick darkness", "*maddûaʿ*": "why/for what reason", "*radnû*": "we roam freely/we rule/we have dominion (possibly from root meaning 'to wander' or 'to rule')", "*nābôʾ*": "we will come/return/approach" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.32", "source": "הֲתִשְׁכַּ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ עֶדְיָ֔הּ כַּלָּ֖ה קִשֻּׁרֶ֑יהָ וְעַמִּ֣י שְׁכֵח֔וּנִי יָמִ֖ים אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*hătiškaḥ* *bətûlāh* *ʿedyāh* *kallāh* *qiššurêhā* *wəʿammî* *šəkēḥûnî* *yāmîm* *ʾên* *mispār*", "grammar": { "*hătiškaḥ*": "interrogative + imperfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - does she forget", "*bətûlāh*": "feminine singular noun - virgin/maiden", "*ʿedyāh*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ornaments/jewelry", "*kallāh*": "feminine singular noun - bride", "*qiššurêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sashes/bands/attire", "*wəʿammî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - yet my people", "*šəkēḥûnî*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural with 1st singular suffix - they have forgotten me", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʾên*": "particle of non-existence - without", "*mispār*": "masculine singular noun - number/count" }, "variants": { "*tiškaḥ*": "does she forget/does she neglect", "*bətûlāh*": "virgin/maiden/young woman", "*ʿedyāh*": "her ornaments/jewelry/adornments", "*kallāh*": "bride/daughter-in-law", "*qiššurêhā*": "her sashes/bands/ribbons/bridal attire", "*šəkēḥûnî*": "they have forgotten me/they have neglected me", "*ʾên mispār*": "without number/countless/innumerable" } } 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.33", "source": "מַה־תֵּיטִ֥בִי דַרְכֵּ֖ךְ לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אַהֲבָ֑ה לָכֵן֙ גַּ֣ם אֶת־הָרָע֔וֹת למדתי לִמַּ֖דְתְּ אֶת־דְּרָכָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*mah*-*têṭîbî* *darkēk* *ləbaqqēš* *ʾahăbāh* *lākēn* *gam* *ʾet*-*hārāʿôt* *limmadt* *ʾet*-*dərākāyik*", "grammar": { "*mah*": "interrogative - how/why", "*têṭîbî*": "imperfect Hiphil, 2nd feminine singular - you make good/prepare", "*darkēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*ləbaqqēš*": "preposition + infinitive construct Piel - to seek", "*ʾahăbāh*": "feminine singular noun - love", "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hārāʿôt*": "definite article + feminine plural adjective - the evil women/evils", "*limmadt*": "perfect Piel, 2nd feminine singular - you have taught (Qere, corrected reading)", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dərākāyik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your ways" }, "variants": { "*têṭîbî*": "you make good/prepare/improve/direct", "*darkēk*": "your way/path/conduct", "*baqqēš*": "to seek/search for/pursue", "*ʾahăbāh*": "love/affection", "*hārāʿôt*": "the evil women/the wicked ones/the evil things (feminine plural form)", "*limmadt*": "you have taught/trained/instructed (textual variant: *limmaḏtî* [Ketiv] = I have taught vs. *limmaḏt* [Qere] = you have taught)", "*dərākāyik*": "your ways/paths/conduct" } } 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.34", "source": "גַּ֤ם בִּכְנָפַ֙יִךְ֙ נִמְצְא֔וּ דַּ֛ם נַפְשׁ֥וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים נְקִיִּ֑ים לֹֽא־בַמַּחְתֶּ֥רֶת מְצָאתִ֖ים כִּ֥י עַל־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*Gam* in *kənāp̄ayik* *nimṣəʾû* *dam* *nap̄šôt* *ʾeḇyônîm* *nəqiyyîm* not in *maḥteret* *məṣāʾtîm* for *ʿal*-all-*ʾēlleh*.", "grammar": { "*Gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*kənāp̄ayik*": "noun with preposition and 2nd person feminine singular possessive suffix - in your skirts/borders", "*nimṣəʾû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - were found", "*dam*": "construct state, masculine singular - blood of", "*nap̄šôt*": "feminine plural construct - souls/lives of", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "masculine plural - poor ones", "*nəqiyyîm*": "masculine plural adjective - innocent", "*maḥteret*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - in breaking in/house-breaking", "*məṣāʾtîm*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I found them", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon/concerning", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative plural - these" }, "variants": { "*kənāp̄ayik*": "your skirts/borders/wings/edges of garments", "*dam*": "blood/bloodguilt", "*nap̄šôt*": "souls/lives/persons", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "poor/needy/destitute ones", "*nəqiyyîm*": "innocent/clean/free from guilt", "*maḥteret*": "breaking in/house-breaking/place of forced entry", "*ʿal*": "on/upon/concerning/because of" } } 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.35", "source": "וַתֹּֽאמְרִי֙ כִּ֣י נִקֵּ֔יתִי אַ֛ךְ שָׁ֥ב אַפּ֖וֹ מִמֶּ֑נִּי הִנְנִי֙ נִשְׁפָּ֣ט אוֹתָ֔ךְ עַל־אָמְרֵ֖ךְ לֹ֥א חָטָֽאתִי׃", "text": "*Wattōʾmərî* that *niqqêtî* *ʾak* *šāḇ* *ʾappô* from me *hinnənî* *nišpāṭ* *ʾôtāk* *ʿal*-*ʾāmrēk* not *ḥāṭāʾtî*.", "grammar": { "*Wattōʾmərî*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 2nd person feminine singular - and you said", "*niqqêtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I am innocent/I am cleansed", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*šāḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - turned away/turned back", "*ʾappô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril", "*hinnənî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nišpāṭ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - entering into judgment/contending", "*ʾôtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - with you", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/because of", "*ʾāmrēk*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your saying", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned" }, "variants": { "*niqqêtî*": "I am innocent/I am cleansed/I am acquitted", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed/nevertheless", "*šāḇ*": "turned away/turned back/has subsided", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nostril/his wrath", "*nišpāṭ*": "entering into judgment/contending/bringing to trial", "*ʿal*": "concerning/because of/on account of" } } 36 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.36", "source": "מַה־תֵּזְלִ֥י מְאֹ֖ד לְשַׁנּ֣וֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֑ךְ גַּ֤ם מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ תֵּב֔וֹשִׁי כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֖שְׁתְּ מֵאַשּֽׁוּר׃", "text": "Why *tēzəlî* *məʾōd* *ləšannôt* *ʾet*-*darkēk*? *Gam* from *miṣrayim* *tēḇôšî* when *bōšət* from *ʾaššûr*.", "grammar": { "*tēzəlî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you go about/you travel", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very much/greatly/exceedingly", "*ləšannôt*": "piel infinitive construct with preposition - to change", "*darkēk*": "noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your way", "*Gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun with preposition - from Egypt", "*tēḇôšî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will be ashamed", "*bōšət*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were ashamed", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun with preposition - from Assyria" }, "variants": { "*tēzəlî*": "you go about/you travel/you wander/you are so eager", "*məʾōd*": "very much/greatly/exceedingly", "*ləšannôt*": "to change/to alter/to vary", "*darkēk*": "your way/your path/your course of life", "*tēḇôšî*": "you will be ashamed/you will be disappointed/you will be confounded", "*bōšət*": "you were ashamed/you were disappointed/you were confounded" } } 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.37", "source": "גַּ֣ם מֵאֵ֥ת זֶה֙ תֵּֽצְאִ֔י וְיָדַ֖יִךְ עַל־רֹאשֵׁ֑ךְ כִּֽי־מָאַ֤ס יְהֹוָה֙ בְּמִבְטַחַ֔יִךְ וְלֹ֥א תַצְלִ֖יחִי לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*Gam* from *zeh* *tēṣəʾî* *wəyādayik* *ʿal*-*rōʾšēk* because *māʾas* *YHWH* in *miḇṭaḥayik* and not *taṣlîḥî* to them.", "grammar": { "*Gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*zeh*": "demonstrative, masculine singular - this", "*tēṣəʾî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will go out", "*wəyādayik*": "conjunction with noun and 2nd person feminine singular suffix - and your hands", "*rōʾšēk*": "noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your head", "*māʾas*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has rejected/despised", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*miḇṭaḥayik*": "noun plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your objects of trust", "*taṣlîḥî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will succeed/prosper" }, "variants": { "*tēṣəʾî*": "you will go out/you will depart/you will leave", "*māʾas*": "has rejected/has despised/has refused", "*miḇṭaḥayik*": "your objects of trust/your confidences/those in whom you trust", "*taṣlîḥî*": "you will succeed/you will prosper/you will have success" } }