| Bibelvers

Verse 6

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.30.6", "source": "מַשָּׂא בַּהֲמוֹת נֶגֶב בְּאֶרֶץ צָרָה וְצוּקָה לָבִיא וָלַיִשׁ מֵהֶם אֶפְעֶה וְשָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף יִשְׂאוּ עַל־כֶּתֶף עֲיָרִים חֵילֵהֶם וְעַל־דַּבֶּשֶׁת גְּמַלִּים אוֹצְרֹתָם עַל־עַם לֹא יוֹעִילוּ׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* of *bahămôt* [of the] *negeb*: in a land of *ṣārâ* and *ṣûqâ*, *lābîʾ* and *layiš* from them, *ʾepʿeh* and *śārāp* *meʿôpēp*, they *yiśʾû* upon [the] shoulder of *ʿăyārîm* their *ḥêlēhem*, and upon [the] hump of *gemallîm* their *ʾôṣerōtām*, to a people [that] will not *yôʿîlû*.", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - burden/oracle concerning", "*bahămôt*": "feminine plural noun - beasts/animals", "*negeb*": "proper noun - Negev/South", "*ṣārâ*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*ṣûqâ*": "feminine singular noun - distress/pressure", "*lābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun - lion", "*layiš*": "masculine singular noun - lion", "*ʾepʿeh*": "feminine singular noun - viper/adder", "*śārāp*": "masculine singular noun - fiery serpent", "*meʿôpēp*": "polel participle masculine singular - flying", "*yiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will carry/bear", "*ʿăyārîm*": "masculine plural noun - young donkeys", "*ḥêlēhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their wealth/strength", "*gemallîm*": "masculine plural noun - camels", "*ʾôṣerōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their treasures", "*yôʿîlû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will profit/benefit" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/prophecy", "*bahămôt*": "beasts/animals/cattle", "*negeb*": "Negev/South/southern region", "*ṣārâ*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ṣûqâ*": "distress/pressure/constraint", "*lābîʾ*": "lion (older male lion)", "*layiš*": "lion (strong lion)", "*ʾepʿeh*": "viper/adder/poisonous snake", "*śārāp*": "fiery serpent/seraph/burning one", "*meʿôpēp*": "flying/hovering/fluttering", "*yiśʾû*": "they will carry/bear/lift", "*ʿăyārîm*": "young donkeys/male donkeys/colts", "*ḥêlēhem*": "their wealth/strength/resources", "*gemallîm*": "camels", "*ʾôṣerōtām*": "their treasures/riches/storehouses", "*yôʿîlû*": "they will profit/benefit/be of use" } }

Other Translations

GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk
Et budskap om dyrene i Negev: Gjennom et land preget av trengsel, hvor det finnes løver, slanger og ildslanger; de bærer sin rikdom på esler og sine skatter på kameler, til et folkeslag som ikke kan hjelpe.
Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst
Tyngden av dyrene i sør: Gjennom et land av nød og trengsel, fra hvilket løver og løvinner, hoggormer og ildsprutende flyvende slanger kommer, bærer de sine rikdommer på eselfarger og sine skatter på kamelrygger til et folk som ikke kan gagne dem.
Norsk King James
Tyngden fra dyrene i sør: til et land fylt med nød, der både unge og gamle løver, vipere og brennende slanger finnes; de skal bære sine skatter på unge esler og på ryggen av kameler, til et folk som ikke vil ha nytte av dem.
Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866
Åket over dyrene i sør: I nødens og trengselens land, der de møter løve og brølende løve, hoggorm og flyvende ildslange. De bærer sin rikdom på eslenes rygg og sine skatter på kamelens pukler til et folk som ikke vil gavne dem.
Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål
Profeti om dyrene i sør: Gjennom et land av trengsel og nød, der løver og hunløver, giftige slanger og flygende ildormer befinner seg, bærer de sine rikdommer på eselrygger og sine skatter på kamelens pukler, til et folk som ikke kan hjelpe dem.
Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611
Børdene til dyrene i sør: Gjennom et land av lidelse og nød, fra hvor ungløve og gammel løve kommer, slange og brennende flyvende slange, bærer de sine rikdommer på unge eslers skuldre og sine skatter på kamelknoller, til et folk som ikke vil gagne dem.
o3-mini KJV Norsk
Dette er byrden for de sørlige dyrene: til landet full av trøbbel og angst, hvorfra de unge og gamle løver, den listige huggorm og den ildfulle flygende slange kommer. Deres rikdommer skal bæres på skuldrene til unge æsler, og deres skatter på flokker av kameler, til et folk som ikke vil kunne dra nytte av dem.
En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)
Børdene til dyrene i sør: Gjennom et land av lidelse og nød, fra hvor ungløve og gammel løve kommer, slange og brennende flyvende slange, bærer de sine rikdommer på unge eslers skuldre og sine skatter på kamelknoller, til et folk som ikke vil gagne dem.
Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst
Et budskap om dyrene i Negev: Gjennom et land av trengsel og nød, løve og løvinne, slange og flyvende drage, bærer de sine skatter på unge eslers rygg og sine rikdommer på kamelers pukler, til et folk som ikke kan være til nytte.
Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts
An oracle concerning the animals of the Negev: Through a land of trouble and distress, of lions, lionesses, adders, and flying serpents, they carry their wealth on donkeys’ backs and their treasures on the humps of camels to a people who will not help them.
GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024
Et budskap om Behemoths i Negerland: Gjennom et land med nød og trengsel, hvorfra løvinner og løver, huggormer og flygende ildormer kommer. De bærer sin rikdom på eslers rygg og sine skatter på kamelers pukler, til et folk som ikke kan gagne dem.
Original Norsk Bibel 1866
En Byrde over de Dyr i Sønden: I Nøds og Trængsels Land, hvorfra en gammel Løve og stærk Løve (kommer, ja) Otterslange og brændende flyvende (Slange), skulle de føre deres Gods paa Folernes Ryg og deres Liggendefæ paa Kamelernes Bag til et Folk, som ikke kan gavne.
King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)
The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches upon the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures upon the bunches of camels, to a people that shall not profit them.
KJV 1769 norsk
Budskapet om dyrene fra sør: Gjennom et land av trengsler og nød, hvor de unge og gamle løvene, hoggormen og den flygende brennende slangen kommer fra, bærer de rikdommene sine på ungeselvben, og skattene sine på kamelens pukler, til et folk som ikke kan gagne dem.
KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk
The burden of the beasts of the south: through a land of trouble and anguish, from which come the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches on the shoulders of young donkeys, and their treasures on the humps of camels, to a people that shall not profit them.
King James Version 1611 (Original)
The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches upon the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures upon the bunches of camels, to a people that shall not profit them.
Norsk oversettelse av Webster
Byrden om dyrene i sør. Gjennom et land av nød og trengsel, hvorfra løvinnen og løven, giftormen og den flygende ildslangen kommer, bærer de sine rikdommer på unge eslers skuldrer og sine skatter på kamelers pukler, til et folk som ikke skal gagne dem.
Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation
Dyrenes byrde i sør. Gjennom et land av nød og trengsel, Hvor løve og kjempe bor, Hvor det finnes slange og flyvende seraf, De bærer sin rikdom på eslenes rygg, Og sine skatter på kameler, Til et folk som ikke gagner.
Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901
Børden over dyrene i Sørens land. Gjennom et land av nød og trengsel, hvor løvinne og løve, huggorm og farlige flygende slanger kommer fra, bærer de sin rikdom på unge eslers skuldre og sine skatter på kamelers pukler, til et folk som ikke skal gagne dem.
Norsk oversettelse av BBE
Uttalelsen om Dyrene i Sør. Gjennom landet av trengsler og problemer, landet med løvinnen og løvens brøl, med slangen og den brennende flygende slangen, bærer de sine rikdommer på eselfoler, og sine goder på kameler, til et folk som ikke gir noen nytte.
Coverdale Bible (1535)
Youre beastes haue borne burthens vpo their backes towarde the South, thorow the waye that is ful of parell and trouble, because of the lyo and lyones, of the Cockatrice and shutynge dragon. Yee the Mules bare youre substaunce, and the Camels brought yor treasure vpon their croked backes, vnto a people that can not helpe you.
Geneva Bible (1560)
The burden of the beasts of the South, in a land of trouble and anguish, from whence shall come the yong and olde lyon, the viper and fierie flying serpent against them that shall beare their riches vpon the shoulders of the coltes, and their treasures vpon the bounches of the camels, to a people that cannot profite.
Bishops' Bible (1568)
The burthen of the beastes of the south. In a land of trouble & anguishe, from whence shall come the young and olde lion, the viper and firie serpent that fleeth against them that vpon coltes beare their riches, and vpon camels their treasures, to a people that can do them no good.
Authorized King James Version (1611)
The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble and anguish, from whence [come] the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches upon the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures upon the bunches of camels, to a people [that] shall not profit [them].
Webster's Bible (1833)
The burden of the animals of the South. Through the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the lioness and the lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they carry their riches on the shoulders of young donkeys, and their treasures on the humps of camels, to a people that shall not profit [them].
Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)
The burden of the beasts of the south. Into a land of adversity and distress, Of young lion and of old lion, Whence `are' viper and flying saraph, They carry on the shoulder of asses their wealth, And on the hump of camels their treasures, Unto a people not profitable.
American Standard Version (1901)
The burden of the beasts of the South. Through the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the lioness and the lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they carry their riches upon the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures upon the humps of camels, to a people that shall not profit [them] .
Bible in Basic English (1941)
The word about the Beasts of the South. Through the land of trouble and grief, the land of the she-lion and the voice of the lion, of the snake and the burning winged snake, they take their wealth on the backs of young asses, and their stores on camels, to a people in whom is no profit.
World English Bible (2000)
The burden of the animals of the South. Through the land of trouble and anguish, of the lioness and the lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they carry their riches on the shoulders of young donkeys, and their treasures on the humps of camels, to an unprofitable people.
NET Bible® (New English Translation)
This is an oracle about the animals in the Negev: Through a land of distress and danger, inhabited by lionesses and roaring lions, by snakes and darting adders, they transport their wealth on the backs of donkeys, their riches on the humps of camels, to a nation that cannot help them.

Referenced Verses

Deut 8:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.15", "source": "הַמּוֹלִ֨יכֲךָ֜ בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּדֹ֣ל וְהַנּוֹרָ֗א נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ וְעַקְרָ֔ב וְצִמָּא֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־מָ֑יִם הַמּוֹצִ֤יא לְךָ֙ מַ֔יִם מִצּ֖וּר הֽ͏ַחַלָּמִֽישׁ׃", "text": "The-*môlîkăkā* in-the-*midbār* the-*gādōl* and-the-*nôrāʾ* *nāḥāš* *śārāp* and-*ʿaqrāb* and-*tsimmāʾôn* which *ʾên*-*māyim* the-*môtsîʾ* for-you *māyim* from-*tsûr* the-*ḥallāmîš*.", "grammar": { "*môlîkăkā*": "Hiphil participle with 2nd person masculine singular suffix with definite article - the one leading you", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article with prefixed preposition - in the wilderness", "*gādōl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "Niphal participle masculine singular with definite article - the terrible", "*nāḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - serpent", "*śārāp*": "masculine singular noun - fiery (serpent)", "*ʿaqrāb*": "masculine singular noun - scorpion", "*tsimmāʾôn*": "masculine singular noun - thirsty ground", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*māyim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*môtsîʾ*": "Hiphil participle with definite article - the one bringing out", "*tsûr*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*ḥallāmîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the flint" }, "variants": { "*môlîkăkā*": "leading you/guiding you/causing you to walk", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*gādōl*": "great/large/mighty", "*nôrāʾ*": "terrible/dreadful/awesome", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake", "*śārāp*": "fiery (serpent)/venomous serpent", "*ʿaqrāb*": "scorpion", "*tsimmāʾôn*": "thirsty ground/drought/parched land", "*tsûr*": "rock/cliff/boulder", "*ḥallāmîš*": "flint/hard rock" } }
Jer 11:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.11.4", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֡ם בְּי֣וֹם הוֹצִיאִֽי־אוֹתָ֣ם מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֩ מִכּ֨וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל לֵאמֹ֗ר שִׁמְע֤וּ בְקוֹלִי֙ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲצַוֶּ֖ה אֶתְכֶ֑ם וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְאָ֣נֹכִ֔י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "Which *ṣiwwîtî* *ʾet*-*ʾăbôtêkem* in-*yôm* *hôṣîʾî*-them from-*ʾereṣ*-*miṣrayim* from-*kûr* *habbarzel* *lēʾmōr*: *šimʿû* in-*qôlî* *waʿăśîtem* them according-to-all which-*ʾăṣawweh* you, *wihyîtem* to-me for-*ʿām*, and-*ʾānōkî* *ʾehyeh* to-you for-*ʾelōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*ṣiwwîtî*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*hôṣîʾî*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kûr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - furnace of", "*habbarzel*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the iron", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my voice", "*waʿăśîtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall do", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I command", "*wihyîtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall be", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*ʾehyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ʾelōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God" }, "variants": { "*kûr*": "furnace/crucible/smelting pot", "*habbarzel*": "the iron/iron-smelting", "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾelōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being" } }
Isa 46:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.46.1", "source": "כָּרַ֥ע בֵּל֙ קֹרֵ֣ס נְב֔וֹ הָיוּ֙ עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֔ם לַחַיָּ֖ה וְלַבְּהֵמָ֑ה נְשֻׂאֹתֵיכֶ֣ם עֲמוּס֔וֹת מַשָּׂ֖א לַעֲיֵפָֽה׃", "text": "*kāraʿ Bēl kōrēs Nəbô*, *hāyû* their-*ʿăṣabbêhem* for-the-*ḥayyâ* wə-for-the-*bəhēmâ*; your-*nəśuʾōtêkem ʿămûsôt maśśāʾ* for-the-*ʿăyēpâ*.", "grammar": { "*kāraʿ*": "perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - has bowed down/stooped", "*Bēl*": "proper noun - Bel (Babylonian deity)", "*kōrēs*": "participle, singular, masculine - stooping/collapsing", "*Nəbô*": "proper noun - Nebo (Babylonian deity)", "*hāyû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they have become", "*ʿăṣabbêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person plural suffix - their idols/images", "*ḥayyâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - living creature/beast", "*bəhēmâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - cattle/livestock/beast", "*nəśuʾōtêkem*": "passive participle, feminine, plural + 2nd person plural suffix - your carried things/burdens", "*ʿămûsôt*": "passive participle, feminine, plural - loaded/burdened", "*maśśāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - burden/load", "*ʿăyēpâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular - weary/faint" }, "variants": { "*kāraʿ*": "bow down/stoop/kneel/collapse", "*kōrēs*": "stooping/collapsing/bending", "*ʿăṣabbêhem*": "idols/images/objects of worship", "*nəśuʾōtêkem*": "things carried/burdens/loads", "*ʿămûsôt*": "loaded/burdened/weighed down", "*maśśāʾ*": "burden/load/lifting", "*ʿăyēpâ*": "weary/faint/exhausted one" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.46.2", "source": "קָרְס֤וּ כָֽרְעוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ מַלֵּ֣ט מַשָּׂ֑א וְנַפְשָׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִ֥י הָלָֽכָה׃", "text": "*qārəsû kārəʿû* together, *lōʾ yākəlû mallēṭ maśśāʾ*, wə-*napšām* in-the-*šəbî hālākâ*.", "grammar": { "*qārəsû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they have collapsed/stooped", "*kārəʿû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they have bowed down/crouched", "*yākəlû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they were able/could", "*mallēṭ*": "infinitive construct, piel - to deliver/rescue/save", "*maśśāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - burden/load", "*napšām*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person plural suffix - their soul/life/self", "*šəbî*": "noun, masculine, singular - captivity/exile", "*hālākâ*": "perfect, 3rd feminine, singular - has gone/walked" }, "variants": { "*qārəsû*": "collapse/stoop/bend down", "*kārəʿû*": "bow down/crouch/kneel", "*mallēṭ*": "deliver/rescue/save/escape", "*maśśāʾ*": "burden/load/oracle", "*napšām*": "their soul/life/self/person", "*šəbî*": "captivity/exile/imprisonment" } }
Deut 4:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.20", "source": "וְאֶתְכֶם֙ לָקַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וַיּוֹצִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִכּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם לִהְי֥וֹת ל֛וֹ לְעַ֥ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾetkem lāqaḥ YHWH wa-yyôṣîʾ ʾetkem mi-kkûr ha-barzel mi-mmiṣrāyim li-hyôt lô lə-ʿam naḥălāh ka-yyôm ha-zzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾetkem*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - and you", "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wa-yyôṣîʾ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and brought out", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*mi-kkûr*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from furnace of", "*ha-barzel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the iron", "*mi-mmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*li-hyôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lə-ʿam*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a people of", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance", "*ka-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - as the day", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - the this/present" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/received/selected", "*yôṣîʾ*": "brought out/led out/delivered", "*kûr*": "furnace/crucible/melting pot", "*barzel*": "iron/iron ore", "*miṣrāyim*": "Egypt/land of Egypt", "*hyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/community", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/heritage/possession", "*yôm*": "day/time/period", "*zeh*": "this/present" } }
1 Kgs 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Kings.10.2", "source": "וַתָּבֹ֣א יְרוּשָׁלְַ֗מָה בְּחַיִל֮ כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹד֒ גְּ֠מַלִּים נֹשְׂאִ֨ים בְּשָׂמִ֧ים וְזָהָ֛ב רַב־מְאֹ֖ד וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֑ה וַתָּבֹא֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־לְבָבָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Wa-tabo* *Yerushalamah* with *ḥayil* *kaved* *meʾod*, *gemalim* *noseʾim* *besamim* and *zahav* *rav*-*meʾod* and *even* *yeqarah*; *wa-tavo* to-*Shelomoh* *wa-tedaber* to him *et* all-that was with-*levavah*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tabo*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she came", "*Yerushalamah*": "proper noun with directional he - to Jerusalem", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine, singular - company/entourage/force", "*kaved*": "adjective, masculine, singular - heavy/impressive", "*meʾod*": "adverb - very", "*gemalim*": "noun, masculine plural - camels", "*noseʾim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - carrying/bearing", "*besamim*": "noun, masculine plural - spices", "*zahav*": "noun, masculine, singular - gold", "*rav*": "adjective, masculine, singular - abundant/much", "*even*": "noun, feminine, singular - stone", "*yeqarah*": "adjective, feminine, singular - precious/valuable", "*wa-tedaber*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she spoke", "*levavah*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her heart" }, "variants": { "*ḥayil*": "company/entourage/force/army/wealth", "*kaved*": "heavy/impressive/large/substantial", "*noseʾim*": "carrying/bearing/loaded with", "*yeqarah*": "precious/valuable/rare" } }
2 Chr 9:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.9.1", "source": "וּמַֽלְכַּת־שְׁבָ֗א שָֽׁמְעָה֮ אֶת־שֵׁ֣מַע שְׁלֹמֹה֒ וַתָּב֣וֹא לְנַסּוֹת֩ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה בְחִיד֜וֹת בִּירֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם בְּחַ֣יִל כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֡ד וּ֠גְמַלִּים נֹשְׂאִ֨ים בְּשָׂמִ֧ים וְזָהָ֛ב לָרֹ֖ב וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֑ה וַתָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־לְבָבָֽהּ", "text": "*wə-malkat-šəḇāʾ šāmʿāh* *ʾet-šēmaʿ šəlōmōh waṯāḇôʾ lənassôṯ* *ʾet-šəlōmōh bəḥîḏôṯ* in-*yərûšālayim bəḥayil kāḇēḏ məʾōḏ û-ḡəmallîm nōśəʾîm bəśāmîm wə-zāhāḇ lārōḇ wə-ʾeḇen yəqārāh waṯāḇôʾ* to-*šəlōmōh watədabbēr ʿimmô* *ʾēṯ kol-ʾăšer hāyāh ʿim-ləḇāḇāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-malkat-šəḇāʾ*": "conjunction + construct form - queen of Sheba", "*šāmʿāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she heard", "*ʾet-šēmaʿ*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the fame/report of", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*waṯāḇôʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she came", "*lənassôṯ*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to test", "*bəḥîḏôṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - with riddles/hard questions", "*bəḥayil*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with a force/company", "*kāḇēḏ məʾōḏ*": "adjective + adverb - very great/heavy", "*û-ḡəmallîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and camels", "*nōśəʾîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - bearing/carrying", "*bəśāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - spices", "*wə-zāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and gold", "*lārōḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in abundance", "*wə-ʾeḇen*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and stone(s)", "*yəqārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - precious", "*watədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she spoke", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*ʾēṯ kol-ʾăšer*": "direct object marker + noun + relative pronoun - all that", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was", "*ʿim-ləḇāḇāh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - with her heart" }, "variants": { "*šāmʿāh*": "heard/listened to/obeyed", "*šēmaʿ*": "fame/report/reputation", "*lənassôṯ*": "to test/to try/to prove", "*bəḥîḏôṯ*": "with riddles/with hard questions/with enigmas", "*bəḥayil*": "with army/with wealth/with entourage", "*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/numerous/honorable", "*ʿim-ləḇāḇāh*": "with her heart/in her mind/on her mind" } }
2 Chr 16:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.16.2", "source": "וַיֹּצֵ֨א אָסָ֜א כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב מֵאֹֽצְר֛וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶל־בֶּן־הֲדַד֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֔ם הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּדַרְמֶ֖שֶׂק לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And *wayyōṣēʾ* *ʾāsāʾ* *kesef* and *zāhāb* from *ʾōṣĕrôt* *bêt* *YHWH* and *bêt* *hammelek*, and *wayyišlaḥ* to *ben*-*hădad* *melek* *ʾărām* *hayyôšēb* in *darmeśeq* *lēʾmōr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōṣēʾ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out", "*ʾāsāʾ*": "proper noun - Asa", "*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*ʾōṣĕrôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - treasuries of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*hădad*": "proper noun - Hadad", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*hayyôšēb*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one dwelling", "*darmeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*wayyōṣēʾ*": "brought out, removed, extracted", "*kesef*": "silver, money, currency", "*zāhāb*": "gold, golden things", "*ʾōṣĕrôt*": "treasuries, storehouses, repositories", "*bêt*": "house, temple, palace", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "sent, dispatched, commissioned", "*hayyôšēb*": "the one dwelling, residing, sitting", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, to say, declaring" } }
2 Chr 28:20-23 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.20", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א עָלָ֔יו תִּלְּגַ֥ת פִּלְנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיָּ֥צַר ל֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א חֲזָֽקוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyāḇōʾ* *ʿālāyw* *Tilləgat* *Pilnəʾeser* *melek* *ʾAshshûr* *wayyāṣar* *lô* *wəlōʾ* *ḥazāqô*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he came", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Tilləgat* *Pilnəʾeser*": "proper noun - Tiglath-pileser", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾAshshûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wayyāṣar*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he distressed", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥazāqô*": "3rd masculine singular piel perfect + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he strengthened him" }, "variants": { "*wayyāṣar* *lô*": "distressed him/oppressed him/besieged him", "*ḥazāqô*": "strengthened him/supported him/helped him" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.21", "source": "כִּֽי־חָלַ֤ק אָחָז֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִ֑ים וַיִּתֵּן֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְלֹ֥א לְעֶזְרָ֖ה לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kî*-*ḥālaq* *ʾĀḥāz* *ʾet*-*bêt* *YHWH* *wəʾet*-*bêt* *hammelek* *wəhaśśārîm* *wayyittên* *ləmelek* *ʾAshshûr* *wəlōʾ* *ləʿezrāh* *lô*", "grammar": { "*kî*-*ḥālaq*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal perfect - for he divided/stripped", "*ʾĀḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz", "*ʾet*-*bêt*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*wəʾet*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine singular construct - and house of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wəhaśśārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the princes/officials", "*wayyittên*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he gave", "*ləmelek*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to king of", "*ʾAshshûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ləʿezrāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for help", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*ḥālaq*": "divided/stripped/plundered/took a portion from" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.22", "source": "וּבְעֵת֙ הָצֵ֣ר ל֔וֹ וַיּ֖וֹסֶף לִמְע֣וֹל בַּיהוָ֑ה ה֖וּא הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אָחָֽז׃", "text": "*ûḇəʿêt* *hāṣêr* *lô* *wayyôsep* *limʿôl* *baYHWH* *hûʾ* *hammelek* *ʾĀḥāz*", "grammar": { "*ûḇəʿêt*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular construct - and in time of", "*hāṣêr*": "infinitive construct - the distressing", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wayyôsep*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular hiphil imperfect waw-consecutive - and he added", "*limʿôl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to act treacherously", "*baYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - against Yahweh", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - he", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾĀḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz" }, "variants": { "*hāṣêr* *lô*": "his distress/when he was in distress/the pressuring against him", "*wayyôsep* *limʿôl*": "he continued/increased in his unfaithfulness/treachery" } } 23 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.23", "source": "וַיִּזְבַּ֗ח לֵֽאלֹהֵ֣י דַרְמֶשֶׂק֮ הַמַּכִּ֣ים בּוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּ֠י אֱלֹהֵ֤י מַלְכֵֽי־אֲרָם֙ הֵ֚ם מַעְזְרִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם לָהֶ֥ם אֲזַבֵּ֖חַ וְיַעְזְר֑וּנִי וְהֵ֛ם הָֽיוּ־ל֥וֹ לְהַכְשִׁיל֖וֹ וּלְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wayyizbaḥ* *lêʾlōhê* *Darmeśeq* *hammakkîm* *bô* *wayyōʾmer* *kî* *ʾĕlōhê* *malḵê*-*ʾĂrām* *hêm* *maʿzərîm* *ʾôtām* *lāhem* *ʾazabbêaḥ* *wəyaʿzərûnî* *wəhêm* *hāyû*-*lô* *ləhaḵshîlô* *ûləḵol*-*Yiśrāʾêl*", "grammar": { "*wayyizbaḥ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he sacrificed", "*lêʾlōhê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to gods of", "*Darmeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus", "*hammakkîm*": "definite article + hiphil participle masculine plural - the ones striking", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect waw-consecutive - and he said", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - gods of", "*malḵê*-*ʾĂrām*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - kings of Aram/Syria", "*hêm*": "3rd masculine plural personal pronoun - they", "*maʿzərîm*": "piel participle masculine plural - helping", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʾazabbêaḥ*": "1st common singular piel imperfect - I will sacrifice", "*wəyaʿzərûnî*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural qal imperfect + 1st common singular suffix - and they will help me", "*wəhêm*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine plural personal pronoun - and they", "*hāyû*-*lô*": "3rd masculine plural qal perfect + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - were to him", "*ləhaḵshîlô*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for causing him to stumble", "*ûləḵol*-*Yiśrāʾêl*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct + proper noun - and to all Israel" }, "variants": { "*hammakkîm*": "the ones striking/defeating/conquering", "*maʿzərîm*": "helping/strengthening/supporting", "*ləhaḵshîlô*": "for causing him to stumble/to bring him down/to cause his downfall" } }
Isa 8:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.22", "source": "וְאֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ יַבִּ֑יט וְהִנֵּ֨ה צָרָ֤ה וַחֲשֵׁכָה֙ מְע֣וּף צוּקָ֔ה וַאֲפֵלָ֖ה מְנֻדָּֽח׃", "text": "And-to-*ʾereṣ yabbîṭ* and-*hinnēh ṣārāh wa-ḥăšēkāh məʿûp ṣûqāh wa-ʾăpēlāh mənuddāḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*yabbîṭ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will look/gaze", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ṣārāh*": "noun feminine singular - distress/trouble", "*ḥăšēkāh*": "noun feminine singular - darkness", "*məʿûp*": "noun masculine singular construct - gloom of", "*ṣûqāh*": "noun feminine singular - anguish/distress", "*ʾăpēlāh*": "noun feminine singular - gloom/thick darkness", "*mənuddāḥ*": "pual participle masculine singular - driven away/thrust away" }, "variants": { "*yabbîṭ*": "he will look/he will gaze/he will behold", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ḥăšēkāh*": "darkness/gloom", "*məʿûp ṣûqāh*": "gloom of anguish/thick distress/deep oppression", "*ʾăpēlāh mənuddāḥ*": "darkness driven away/thick darkness thrust out/deep gloom banished" } }
Isa 15:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.7", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְרָ֣ה עָשָׂ֑ה וּפְקֻדָּתָ֔ם עַ֛ל נַ֥חַל הָעֲרָבִ֖ים יִשָּׂאֽוּם׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* *yitrâ* *ʿāśâ* *û*-*pĕquddātām* upon *naḥal* the *ʿărāḇîm* *yiśśāʾûm*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore", "*yitrâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - abundance/surplus/remainder", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*pĕquddātām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their deposit/store", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine, singular - wadi/stream", "*ʿărāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the willows/poplars", "*yiśśāʾûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will carry them" }, "variants": { "*yitrâ*": "abundance/surplus/remainder/that which is left", "*ʿāśâ*": "he made/did/produced", "*pĕquddātām*": "their deposit/store/possessions/that which was entrusted", "*naḥal*": "wadi/stream/valley/brook", "*ʿărāḇîm*": "willows/poplars (or possibly 'of the Arabim/Arabs')", "*yiśśāʾûm*": "they will carry them/bear them away" } }
Isa 19:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.19.4", "source": "וְסִכַּרְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּיַ֖ד אֲדֹנִ֣ים קָשֶׁ֑ה וּמֶ֤לֶךְ עַז֙ יִמְשָׁל־בָּ֔ם נְאֻ֥ם הָאָד֖וֹן יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*sikkartî* *et*-*Miṣrayim* in-*yad* *ʾăḏōnîm* *qāšeh* and-*meleḵ* *ʿaz* *yimšāl*-in-them *nĕʾum* the-*ʾāḏôn* *YHWH* *ṣĕḇāʾôṯ*", "grammar": { "*sikkartî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - I will shut up/deliver over", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun, masculine dual/plural - Egypt", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾăḏōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lords/masters", "*qāšeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - harsh/cruel/severe", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʿaz*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/fierce/mighty", "*yimšāl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rule", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾāḏôn*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*ṣĕḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*sikkartî*": "I will shut up/deliver over/give up/hand over", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*ʾăḏōnîm*": "lords/masters/rulers/cruel owners", "*qāšeh*": "harsh/cruel/severe/difficult/obstinate", "*ʿaz*": "strong/fierce/mighty/powerful/intense", "*yimšāl*": "he will rule/reign/govern/have dominion", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle/saying", "*ʾāḏôn*": "Lord/master/owner", "*ṣĕḇāʾôṯ*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
Deut 17:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.17.16", "source": "רַק֮ לֹא־יַרְבֶּה־לּ֣וֹ סוּסִים֒ וְלֹֽא־יָשִׁ֤יב אֶת־הָעָם֙ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה לְמַ֖עַן הַרְבּ֣וֹת ס֑וּס וַֽיהוָה֙ אָמַ֣ר לָכֶ֔ם לֹ֣א תֹסִפ֗וּן לָשׁ֛וּב בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ הַזֶּ֖ה עֽוֹד׃", "text": "Only not *yarbeh*-to him *sûsîm*, and not *yāšîḇ* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* *miṣrayəmāh* for *harebôt* *sûs*; and *YHWH* *ʾāmar* to you, \"Not *tōsipûn* to *lāšûḇ* in the *dereḵ* the this again.\"", "grammar": { "רַק֮": "adverb - only", "לֹא־יַרְבֶּה־לּ֣וֹ": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect 3ms + preposition + 3ms suffix - he shall not multiply for himself", "סוּסִים֒": "noun masculine plural - horses", "וְלֹֽא־יָשִׁ֤יב": "conjunction + negative particle + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he shall not cause to return", "אֶת־הָעָם֙": "direct object marker + article + noun masculine singular - the people", "מִצְרַ֔יְמָה": "proper noun + directional he - to Egypt", "לְמַ֖עַן": "preposition - in order to", "הַרְבּ֣וֹת": "hiphil infinitive construct - to multiply", "ס֑וּס": "noun masculine singular - horse", "וַֽיהוָה֙": "conjunction + divine name - and YHWH", "אָמַ֣ר": "qal perfect 3ms - said", "לָכֶ֔ם": "preposition + 2mp suffix - to you", "לֹ֣א": "negative particle - not", "תֹסִפ֗וּן": "hiphil imperfect 2mp paragogic nun - you shall again/continue", "לָשׁ֛וּב": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to return", "בַּדֶּ֥רֶךְ": "preposition + article + noun masculine singular - in the way", "הַזֶּ֖ה": "article + demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this", "עֽוֹד": "adverb - again/anymore" }, "variants": { "*yarbeh*": "multiply/increase/acquire many", "*sûsîm*": "horses", "*yāšîḇ*": "cause to return/send back", "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*miṣrayəmāh*": "to Egypt", "*harebôt*": "to multiply/to increase", "*sûs*": "horse", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke", "*tōsipûn*": "you shall continue/you shall again", "*lāšûḇ*": "to return/to go back", "*dereḵ*": "way/road/path" } }
Exod 1:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.1.14", "source": "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "And *way-mārərû* *ʾet*-*ḥayyêhem* in *ʿăḇōdâ* *qāšâ* with *ḥōmer* and with *ləḇēnîm* and with all *ʿăḇōdâ* in the *śādeh* *ʾēt* all *ʿăḇōdātām* which *ʿāḇədû* with them with *pāreḵ*", "grammar": { "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they made bitter'", "אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their lives'", "בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'with labor'", "*qāšâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'hard'", "בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with mortar'", "וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine plural - 'and with bricks'", "וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'and with all labor'", "בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the field'", "אֵ֚ת": "direct object marker", "כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם": "construct + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'all their labor'", "אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ": "relative pronoun + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'which they worked'", "בָהֶ֖ם": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'with them'", "בְּפָֽרֶךְ": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with rigor'" }, "variants": { "*way-mārərû*": "they made bitter, embittered", "*ḥayyêhem*": "their lives, their existence", "*ʿăḇōdâ*": "labor, service, work, servitude", "*qāšâ*": "hard, harsh, severe, cruel", "*ḥōmer*": "mortar, clay, cement", "*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks", "*śādeh*": "field, country, open land", "*ʿăḇōdātām*": "their service, their labor, their work", "*ʿāḇədû*": "they worked, served, labored", "*pāreḵ*": "rigor, harshness, cruelty" } }
Exod 5:10-21 : 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.10", "source": "וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "And *wayyēṣəʾû* *nōḡəśê* the *hāʿām* and his *wəšōṭərāyw* and *wayyōʾmərû* to the *hāʿām* *lēʾmōr*: Thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* *Parʿōh*, not *ʾênennî* *nōṯēn* to you *lāḵem* *teḇen*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out", "*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - taskmasters of", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*ʾênennî*": "particle of negation with 1st singular suffix - I am not", "*nōṯēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "and they went out, came forth, departed", "*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of, overseers of", "*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk", "*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers, foremen, scribes", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "and they said, declared, announced", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring", "*kōh*": "thus, so, in this manner", "*ʾāmar*": "he has said, spoken, declared", "*ʾênennî*": "I am not, I will not", "*nōṯēn*": "giving, providing, supplying", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.11", "source": "אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "You *ʾattem* *ləḵû* *qəḥû* for yourselves *lāḵem* *teḇen* from where *mēʾăšer* *timṣāʾû*; for *kî* not *ʾên* *niḡrāʿ* from your *mēʿăḇōḏaṯḵem* a *dāḇār*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ləḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!", "*qəḥû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - take!", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - where, which", "*timṣāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will find", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not", "*niḡrāʿ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - diminished", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʿăḇōḏaṯḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your work", "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - word, thing, matter" }, "variants": { "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*ləḵû*": "go!, depart!, proceed!", "*qəḥû*": "take!, get!, fetch!", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff", "*timṣāʾû*": "you will find, you may find, you can find", "*niḡrāʿ*": "diminished, reduced, lessened", "*ʿăḇōḏaṯḵem*": "your work, labor, service", "*dāḇār*": "word, thing, matter, anything" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.12", "source": "וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "And *wayyāp̄eṣ* the *hāʿām* in all *bəḵāl*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* *ləqōšēš* *qaš* for the *latteḇen*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and scattered", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ḵāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lə*": "preposition - to, for", "*qōšēš*": "poel infinitive construct - gather", "*qaš*": "noun, masculine singular - stubble", "*la*": "preposition with definite article - for the", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "and scattered, dispersed, spread out", "*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk", "*ʾereṣ*": "land, earth, territory", "*qōšēš*": "to gather, collect, glean", "*qaš*": "stubble, straw, chaff", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.13", "source": "וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים אָצִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּהְי֥וֹת הַתֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "And the *wəhannōḡəśîm* *ʾāṣîm* *lēʾmōr*: *kallû* your *maʿăśêḵem* *dəḇar*-*yôm* in its *bəyômô*, as *kaʾăšer* when there was the *bihyôṯ* *hatteḇen*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*nōḡəśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - taskmasters", "*ʾāṣîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - pressing, urging", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kallû*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - complete!", "*maʿăśêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your works", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter of", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*yômô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its day", "*ka*": "preposition - as, like", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - when", "*bi*": "preposition - in, when", "*hyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*nōḡəśîm*": "taskmasters, oppressors, overseers", "*ʾāṣîm*": "pressing, urging, hurrying", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring", "*kallû*": "complete!, fulfill!, finish!", "*maʿăśêḵem*": "your works, tasks, labors", "*dəḇar*": "matter, thing, quota", "*yôm*": "day, time, period", "*yômô*": "its day, its appointed time", "*hyôṯ*": "being, existing, presence", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.14", "source": "וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣מוּ עֲלֵהֶ֔ם נֹגְשֵׂ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *wayyukkû* *šōṭərê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *ʾăšer*-*śāmû* upon them *ʿălēhem* *nōḡəśê* *p̄arʿōh* *lēʾmōr*: *maddûaʿ* not *lōʾ* *killîṯem* your *ḥāqəḵem* *lilbōn* as *kitmôl* *šilšōm*, both *gam*-yesterday *təmôl* *gam*-today *hayyôm*?", "grammar": { "*wayyukkû*": "hophal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they were beaten", "*šōṭərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - officers of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of, children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who, which", "*śāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had placed", "*ʿălēhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - taskmasters of", "*p̄arʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why?", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*killîṯem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have completed", "*ḥāqəḵem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your quota", "*lilbōn*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to make bricks", "*ki*": "preposition - as", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday", "*gam*": "adverb - also, even", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*gam*": "adverb - also, even", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*wayyukkû*": "and they were beaten, struck, flogged", "*šōṭərê*": "officers of, foremen of", "*bənê*": "sons of, children of, descendants of", "*śāmû*": "they had placed, appointed, set", "*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, stating", "*maddûaʿ*": "why?, for what reason?", "*killîṯem*": "you have completed, fulfilled, finished", "*ḥāqəḵem*": "your quota, portion, assignment", "*lilbōn*": "to make bricks, to form bricks", "*təmôl*": "yesterday, before", "*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, previously", "*yôm*": "day, today" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.15", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾû* *šōṭərê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyiṣʿăqû* to *ʾel*-*p̄arʿōh* *lēʾmōr*: *lāmmâ* *ṯaʿăśeh* thus *ḵōh* to your *laʿăḇāḏêḵā*?", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*šōṭərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - officers of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of, children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyiṣʿăqû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*p̄arʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why?", "*ṯaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you do", "*ḵōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*la*": "preposition - to", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants" }, "variants": { "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "and they came, entered, approached", "*šōṭərê*": "officers of, foremen of", "*bənê*": "sons of, children of, descendants of", "*wayyiṣʿăqû*": "and they cried out, called out, complained", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring", "*lāmmâ*": "why?, for what reason?", "*ṯaʿăśeh*": "you do, act, deal", "*ḵōh*": "thus, so, this way", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants, slaves, workers" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.16", "source": "תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבֵנִ֛ים אֹמְרִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ עֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*Teḇen* not *ʾên* *nittān* to your *laʿăḇāḏêḵā*, and bricks *ûləḇēnîm* *ʾōmərîm* to us *lānû* *ʿăśû*; and behold *wəhinnēh* your *ʿăḇāḏêḵā* *mukkîm* and sin *wəḥāṭāʾṯ* your *ʿammêḵā*.", "grammar": { "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not", "*nittān*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - being given", "*la*": "preposition - to", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ləḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st plural suffix - to us", "*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - make!", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*mukkîm*": "hophal participle, masculine plural - being beaten", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāṭāʾṯ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has sinned", "*ʿammêḵā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people" }, "variants": { "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff", "*nittān*": "being given, provided, supplied", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants, slaves, workers", "*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks", "*ʾōmərîm*": "saying, telling, commanding", "*ʿăśû*": "make!, produce!, form!", "*hinnēh*": "behold, look, see", "*mukkîm*": "being beaten, struck, flogged", "*ḥāṭāʾṯ*": "has sinned, is at fault, has done wrong", "*ʿammêḵā*": "your people, nation, subjects" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּן֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*: *nirpîm* you are *ʾattem* *nirpîm*; therefore *ʿal*-*kēn* you *ʾattem* *ʾōmərîm*: *nēləḵâ* *nizḇəḥâ* to *laYHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - so, thus", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*nēləḵâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go", "*nizḇəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice", "*la*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, replied, answered", "*nirpîm*": "idle, lazy, slack", "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*kēn*": "so, thus, therefore", "*ʾōmərîm*": "saying, declaring, stating", "*nēləḵâ*": "let us go, we wish to go", "*nizḇəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.18", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ לְכ֣וּ עִבְד֔וּ וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וְתֹ֥כֶן לְבֵנִ֖ים תִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And *ʿattâ* (now) *lĕkû* (go) *ʿibdû* (work), and *teben* (straw) not-*yinnātēn* (will be given) to you, and *tōken* (quota of) *lĕbēnîm* (bricks) *tittēnû* (you shall give).", "grammar": { "*ʿattâ*": "temporal adverb - now", "*lĕkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!", "*ʿibdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - work!/serve!", "*teben*": "masculine singular noun - straw", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yinnātēn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be given", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*tōken*": "masculine singular construct noun - measure/quota of", "*lĕbēnîm*": "feminine plural noun - bricks", "*tittēnû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall give" }, "variants": { "*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time", "*ʿibdû*": "work/serve/labor", "*teben*": "straw/stubble", "*tōken*": "measure/quota/fixed amount", "*lĕbēnîm*": "bricks/mud-bricks" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.19", "source": "וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyirʾû* (saw) *šōṭĕrê* (officers of) *bĕnê*-*yiśrāʾēl* (sons of Israel) *ʾōtām* (themselves) *bĕrāʿ* (in trouble) *lēʾmōr* (saying): Not-*tigrĕʿû* (you shall diminish) from-*llibnêkem* (your bricks) *dĕbar*-*yôm* (matter of day) *bĕyômô* (in its day).", "grammar": { "*wayyirʾû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw", "*šōṭĕrê*": "masculine plural construct noun - officers/officials of", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them/themselves", "*bĕrāʿ*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - in evil/trouble", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition - saying", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tigrĕʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall diminish/reduce", "*millistnêkem*": "preposition (from) + noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your bricks", "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct - word/matter of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*bĕyômô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in its day" }, "variants": { "*šōṭĕrê*": "officers/foremen/officials", "*bĕrāʿ*": "in evil/in trouble/in a bad situation", "*tigrĕʿû*": "diminish/reduce/lessen", "*dĕbar-yôm bĕyômô*": "daily quota/each day's matter in its day" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.20", "source": "וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נִצָּבִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֵ֥ת פַּרְעֹֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyifgĕʿû* (they met) *ʾet*-*mōšeh* (Moses) and *ʾet*-*ʾahărōn* (Aaron) *niṣṣābîm* (standing) *liqrāʾtām* (to meet them) *bĕṣēʾtām* (in their going out) from *mēʾēt* *parʿōh* (Pharaoh).", "grammar": { "*wayyifgĕʿû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they met/encountered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*niṣṣābîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - standing/positioned", "*liqrāʾtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to meet them", "*bĕṣēʾtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their going out", "*mēʾēt*": "compound preposition - from with", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*wayyifgĕʿû*": "they met/they encountered/they came upon", "*niṣṣābîm*": "standing/positioned/waiting", "*liqrāʾtām*": "to meet them/to confront them", "*bĕṣēʾtām*": "as they went out/when they were leaving" } } 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.21", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו לָֽתֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּיָדָ֖ם לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmĕrû* (they said) to them, *yēreʾ* (may see) *YHWH* (the LORD) upon you and *wĕyišpōṭ* (judge), *ʾăšer* (who) *hibʾaštem* (you have made odious) *ʾet*-*rêḥēnû* (our scent) in *bĕʿênê* (eyes of) *parʿōh* (Pharaoh) and in *bĕʿênê* (eyes of) *ʿăbādāyw* (his servants), to *lātet* (put) *ḥereb* (sword) in their *bĕyādām* (hand) to *lĕhārgēnû* (kill us).", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*yēreʾ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - may he see/look", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - the LORD", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*wĕyišpōṭ*": "qal imperfect jussive with waw conjunction, 3rd person masculine singular - and may he judge", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*hibʾaštem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have made stink/made odious", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rêḥēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our scent/odor", "*bĕʿênê*": "preposition + dual construct noun - in the eyes of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*lātet*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition - to give/put", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*bĕyādām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their hand", "*lĕhārgēnû*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition and 1st person plural suffix - to kill us" }, "variants": { "*yēreʾ YHWH ʿălêkem wĕyišpōṭ*": "may YHWH see/look upon you and judge/may YHWH take notice of you and render judgment", "*hibʾaštem*": "made stink/made odious/caused to be abhorred", "*rêḥēnû*": "our scent/our reputation/our standing", "*bĕʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/in the opinion of", "*lātet-ḥereb bĕyādām*": "to put a sword in their hand/to give them a weapon" } }
Num 21:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Numbers.21.6", "source": "וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה בָּעָ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַנְּחָשִׁ֣ים הַשְּׂרָפִ֔ים וַֽיְנַשְּׁכ֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיָּ֥מָת עַם־רָ֖ב מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wə-yšallaḥ* *YHWH* among-the-*'ām* *'ēṯ* the-*nəḥāšîm* the-*śərāp̄îm* and *wə-yənaššəḵû* *'eṯ*-the-*'ām* and *wə-yāmāṯ* *'am*-*rāḇ* from-*yiśrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yšallaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*'ēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*nəḥāšîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the serpents", "*śərāp̄îm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the fiery/burning", "*wə-yənaššəḵû*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they bit", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*wə-yāmāṯ*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and died", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*rāḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/many", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*nəḥāšîm*": "serpents/snakes", "*śərāp̄îm*": "fiery/burning/poisonous/seraphim", "*'am-rāḇ*": "many people/a great number of people" } } 7 { "verseID": "Numbers.21.7", "source": "וַיָּבֹא֩ הָעָ֨ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ חָטָ֗אנוּ כִּֽי־דִבַּ֤רְנוּ בַֽיהוָה֙ וָבָ֔ךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵ֥ר מֵעָלֵ֖ינוּ אֶת־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-yāḇō'* the-*'ām* to-*mōšeh* and *wə-yō'mərû* *ḥāṭā'nû* for-*dibbarnû* against-*YHWH* and-against-*ḵā* *hiṯpallēl* to-*YHWH* and-*yāsēr* from-upon-us *'eṯ*-the-*nāḥāš* and *wə-yiṯpallēl* *mōšeh* for the-*'ām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yāḇō'*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wə-yō'mərû*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ḥāṭā'nû*": "qal perfect 1st common plural - we have sinned", "*dibbarnû*": "piel perfect 1st common plural - we have spoken", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*hiṯpallēl*": "hitpael imperative masculine singular - pray", "*yāsēr*": "hiphil jussive 3rd masculine singular - may he remove", "*nāḥāš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the serpent", "*wə-yiṯpallēl*": "conjunctive waw + hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he prayed", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people" }, "variants": { "*ḇə-YHWH*": "against YHWH/with YHWH", "*hiṯpallēl*": "pray/intercede", "*bə'aḏ*": "for/on behalf of", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake [singular used collectively]" } }
Isa 57:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.9", "source": "וַתָּשֻׁ֤רִי לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וַתַּרְבִּ֖י רִקֻּחָ֑יִךְ וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֤י צִרַ֙יִךְ֙ עַד־מֵ֣רָחֹ֔ק וַתַּשְׁפִּ֖ילִי עַד־שְׁאֽוֹל׃", "text": "*wattāšurî* *lammelek* *baššemen* *wattarbî* *riqqḥāyik* *wattəšalləḥî* *ṣirayik* *ʿad-mērāḥōq* *wattašpîlî* *ʿad-šəʾôl*.", "grammar": { "*wattāšurî*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you journeyed/went", "*lammelek*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - to the king/Molech", "*baššemen*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - with the oil", "*wattarbî*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you multiplied/increased", "*riqqḥāyik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your perfumes/ointments", "*wattəšalləḥî*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you sent", "*ṣirayik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your envoys/messengers", "*ʿad-mērāḥōq*": "preposition + preposition + noun/adverb - unto far away", "*wattašpîlî*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you debased/brought low", "*ʿad-šəʾôl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - unto Sheol/the grave" }, "variants": { "*wattāšurî*": "you journeyed/traveled/brought tribute", "*melek*": "king/Molech (deity)", "*riqqḥāyik*": "your perfumes/ointments/aromatic preparations", "*ṣirayik*": "your envoys/ambassadors/messengers", "*mērāḥōq*": "far away/distant place", "*wattašpîlî*": "you brought low/humbled/debased yourself", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/death" } }
Jer 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.6", "source": "וְלֹ֣א אָמְר֔וּ אַיֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּעֲלֶ֥ה אֹתָ֖נוּ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הַמּוֹלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בְּאֶ֨רֶץ עֲרָבָ֤ה וְשׁוּחָה֙ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ צִיָּ֣ה וְצַלְמָ֔וֶת בְּאֶ֗רֶץ לֹֽא־עָ֤בַר בָּהּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָשַׁ֥ב אָדָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wə-lōʾ* *ʾāmərû* *ʾayyēh* *YHWH* *ha-maʿăleh* *ʾōtānû* *mē-ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* *ha-môlîk* *ʾōtānû* *ba-midbār* *bə-ʾereṣ* *ʿărābāh* *wə-šûḥāh* *bə-ʾereṣ* *ṣiyyāh* *wə-ṣalmāwet* *bə-ʾereṣ* *lōʾ*-*ʿābar* *bāh* *ʾîš* *wə-lōʾ*-*yāšab* *ʾādām* *šām*", "grammar": { "*Wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up", "*ʾōtānû*": "direct object marker + 1st common plural suffix - us", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ha-môlîk*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one leading", "*ʾōtānû*": "direct object marker + 1st common plural suffix - us", "*ba-midbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ʿărābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desert plain/wilderness", "*wə-šûḥāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and pit", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ṣiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - drought/dryness", "*wə-ṣalmāwet*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and deep darkness", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in a land", "*lōʾ*-*ʿābar*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - not passed through", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*wə-lōʾ*-*yāšab*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and not dwelt", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - mankind/person", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/causing to ascend/bringing out", "*môlîk*": "leading/guiding/causing to walk", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*ʿărābāh*": "desert plain/wilderness/steppe", "*šûḥāh*": "pit/ditch/grave", "*ṣiyyāh*": "drought/dryness/parched land", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/deep gloom" } }
Hos 8:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.9", "source": "כִּֽי־הֵ֙מָּה֙ עָל֣וּ אַשּׁ֔וּר פֶּ֖רֶא בּוֹדֵ֣ד ל֑וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם הִתְנ֥וּ אֲהָבִֽים", "text": "For they *ʿālû* *ʾaššûr*, *pereʾ* *bôḏēḏ* to him; *ʾep̄rayim* *hiṯnû* *ʾăhāḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿālû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they went up", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*pereʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - wild donkey", "*bôḏēḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - alone/solitary", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*hiṯnû*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they hired/purchased", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - loves/lovers" }, "variants": { "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/have gone", "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*bôḏēḏ*": "alone/solitary/isolated", "*hiṯnû*": "hired/purchased/gave gifts", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "loves/lovers/love gifts" } } 10 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.10", "source": "גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־יִתְנ֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה אֲקַבְּצֵ֑ם וַיָּחֵ֣לּוּ מְּעָ֔ט מִמַּשָּׂ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ שָׂרִֽים׃", "text": "Even though they *yiṯnû* among the *gôyim*, now *ʾăqabbəṣēm*; and they *wayyāḥēllû* *məʿāṭ* from *maśśāʾ* *meleḵ* *śārîm*.", "grammar": { "*yiṯnû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they give", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - nations/gentiles", "*ʾăqabbəṣēm*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will gather them", "*wayyāḥēllû*": "verb, hifil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they began/started", "*məʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - little/few", "*maśśāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - burden of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*yiṯnû*": "they give/offer/hire", "*ʾăqabbəṣēm*": "I will gather them/collect them/assemble them", "*wayyāḥēllû*": "they began/started to be in pain/diminished", "*məʿāṭ*": "little/few/a little while", "*maśśāʾ*": "burden/tribute/load", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/leaders" } }
Hos 12:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.12.1", "source": "סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֙חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם־אֵ֔ל וְעִם־קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן׃", "text": "*sĕbābunî* in-*kaḥaš* *ʾeprayim* *û*-in-*mirmâ* *bêt yiśrāʾēl* *vî-yĕhûdâ* yet *rād* with-*ʾēl* *vĕ*-with-*qĕdôšîm* *neʾĕmān*", "grammar": { "*sĕbābunî*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd plural with 1st singular suffix - they surround me", "*kaḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - deceit/falsehood/lies", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim (tribe/kingdom)", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery", "*bêt yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - house of Israel", "*vî-yĕhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*rād*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - roams/wanders/rules", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/divine being", "*vĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*qĕdôšîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - holy ones/saints", "*neʾĕmān*": "verb, niphal participle masculine singular - faithful/trustworthy" }, "variants": { "*sĕbābunî*": "surround me/encompass me/encircle me", "*kaḥaš*": "deceit/lying/falsehood", "*rād*": "wanders/roams/rules/dominates", "*ʾēl*": "God/divine being/power", "*qĕdôšîm*": "holy ones/saints/holy beings" } }
Matt 12:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Matthew.12.42", "source": "Βασίλισσα νότου ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης, καὶ κατακρινεῖ αὐτήν: ὅτι ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς ἀκοῦσαι τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος· καὶ, ἰδού, πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε.", "text": "*Basilissa* *notou* *egerthēsetai* in the *krisei* with the *geneas* this, and *katakrinei* it: because *ēlthen* from the *peratōn* of the *gēs* *akousai* the *sophian* of *Solomōnos*; and, *idou*, greater than *Solomōnos* here.", "grammar": { "*Basilissa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - queen", "*notou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of south", "*egerthēsetai*": "future, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - will rise up", "*krisei*": "dative, feminine, singular - judgment", "*geneas*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of generation", "*katakrinei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - will condemn", "*ēlthen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - came/went", "*peratōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of the ends/extremities", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the earth", "*akousai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to hear", "*sophian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - wisdom", "*Solomōnos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Solomon", "*idou*": "aorist, middle, imperative, 2nd singular - behold/look" }, "variants": { "*Basilissa*": "queen/female ruler", "*notou*": "south/southern region/South Wind", "*egerthēsetai*": "will rise up/will be raised up", "*krisei*": "judgment/trial/evaluation", "*geneas*": "generation/race/age", "*katakrinei*": "will condemn/will pronounce judgment against", "*ēlthen*": "came/went/journeyed", "*peratōn*": "ends/extremities/limits", "*gēs*": "earth/land/world", "*akousai*": "to hear/to listen to", "*sophian*": "wisdom/knowledge/insight", "*idou*": "behold/look/see" } }