Verse 20

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.20", "source": "אָכֵ֛ן בָּגְדָ֥ה אִשָּׁ֖ה מֵרֵעָ֑הּ כֵּ֣ן בְּגַדְתֶּ֥ם בִּ֛י בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Indeed, as-*bāgᵉdâ* *ʾiššâ* from-*rēʿâh*, so *bᵉgadtem* against-me, *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*, *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*bāgᵉdâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she acts treacherously'", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'woman/wife'", "*rēʿâh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her companion/friend'", "*bᵉgadtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - 'you acted treacherously'", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state - 'utterance/declaration'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*bāgᵉdâ*": "she acts treacherously/is faithless/betrays", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*rēʿâh*": "her companion/friend/husband", "*bᵉgadtem*": "you acted treacherously/were faithless/betrayed", "*bêt*": "house/household/dynasty/family", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*nᵉʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Sannelig, som en hustru svikter sin følgesvenn, så har dere sviktet meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Sannelig, som en trelløs hustru går fra sin mann, slik har dere opptrådt troløst mot meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Norsk King James

  Sannelig, liksom en hustru svikaktig forlater sin ektemann, slik har dere handlet svikaktig mot meg, O Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Likevel, som en kvinne blir troløs mot sin mann, har dere av Israels hus vært troløse mot meg, sier Herren.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Sannelig, som en kvinne er troløs mot sin venn, har dere vært troløse mot meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Sannelig, som en kvinne forrædersk forlater sin mann, slik har dere forrådt meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Sannelig, slik som en hustru forræderisk forlater sin mann, har dere handlet forrædersk mot meg, o Israels hus, sier HERREN.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Sannelig, som en kvinne forrædersk forlater sin mann, slik har dere forrådt meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Men som en kvinne sviker sin venn, slik har dere forrådt meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But like a woman unfaithful to her husband, so you, Israel, have been unfaithful to me,' declares the LORD.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Men som en kvinnes svik mot sin venn, slik har dere sviktet meg, Israels hus,' sier Herren.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dog, (ligesom) en Qvinde bliver troløs imod sin Boler, saa ere I af Israels Huus blevne troløse imod mig, siger Herren.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Surely as a wife treacherously departeth from her husband, so have ye dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith the LORD.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Sannelig, som en kvinne forlater sin ektemann troløst, slik har dere handlet svikefullt mot meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Surely, as a wife treacherously departs from her husband, so have you dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, says the LORD.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Surely as a wife treacherously departeth from her husband, so have ye dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith the LORD.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Sannelig, som en kone svikter sin mann, slik har du sviktet meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Men som en kvinne svek sin venn, slik har dere sveket meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Sannelig, som en kone svikaktig forlater sin mann, har dere svikfullt vendt dere bort fra meg, Israels hus, sier Herren.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Sannelig, som en hustru er falsk mot sin ektemann, slik har du vært falsk mot meg, Israel, sier Herren.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But like as a woman fayleth hir louer, so are ye vnfaithfull vnto me (o ye house of Israel) saieth the LORDE.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But as a woman rebelleth against her husband: so haue yee rebelled against me, O house of Israel, sayeth the Lord.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Truely, lyke as a woman fayleth her husbande, so are ye vnfaithfull vnto me O ye house of Israel, saith the Lorde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Surely [as] a wife treacherously departeth from her husband, so have ye dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith the LORD.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Surely as a wife treacherously departs from her husband, so have you dealt treacherously with me, house of Israel, says Yahweh.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  But -- a woman hath deceived her friend, So ye have dealt treacherously with Me, O house of Israel, an affirmation of Jehovah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Surely as a wife treacherously departeth from her husband, so have ye dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith Jehovah.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Truly, as a wife is false to her husband, so have you been false to me, O Israel, says the Lord.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Surely as a wife treacherously departs from her husband, so you have dealt treacherously with me, house of Israel," says Yahweh.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  But, you have been unfaithful to me, nation of Israel, like an unfaithful wife who has left her husband,” says the LORD.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 5:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.11", "source": "כִּי֩ בָג֨וֹד בָּגְד֜וּ בִּ֗י בֵּ֧ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "For *bāgôd* they *bāgədû* against me, house of *Yiśrā'ēl* and house of *Yəhûdâ*, *nə'um*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bāgôd*": "infinitive absolute - acting treacherously", "*bāgədû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they acted treacherously", "*bî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - against me", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*nə'um*": "construct noun - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*bāgôd bāgədû*": "they have utterly betrayed/thoroughly dealt treacherously", "*nə'um*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }
• Isa 48:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.8", "source": "גַּ֣ם לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ גַּ֚ם לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתָּ גַּ֕ם מֵאָ֖ז לֹא־פִתְּחָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ בָּג֣וֹד תִּבְגּ֔וֹד וּפֹשֵׁ֥עַ מִבֶּ֖טֶן קֹ֥רָא לָֽךְ׃", "text": "Also not *shāmaʿtā* also not *yādaʿtā* also from *ʾāz* not *pittḥāh* *ʾoznekā* for *yādaʿtî* *bāgôd* *tibgôd* and *pōshēaʿ* from *beṭen* *qōrāʾ* to you", "grammar": { "*shāmaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you heard", "*yādaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you knew", "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time/formerly", "*pittḥāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it opened", "*ʾoznekā*": "feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ear", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I knew", "*bāgôd*": "infinitive absolute qal - acting treacherously", "*tibgôd*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you act treacherously", "*pōshēaʿ*": "qal participle masculine singular - transgressor/rebel", "*beṭen*": "feminine singular - womb/belly", "*qōrāʾ*": "pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was called" }, "variants": { "*shāmaʿtā*": "you heard/you listened/you obeyed", "*yādaʿtā*": "you knew/you understood/you were aware", "*pittḥāh*": "opened/was opened", "*ʾoznekā*": "your ear/your hearing", "*yādaʿtî*": "I knew/I was aware/I understood", "*bāgôd tibgôd*": "you would surely deal treacherously/you would certainly be unfaithful", "*pōshēaʿ*": "transgressor/rebel/one who breaks away", "*beṭen*": "womb/belly/birth", "*qōrāʾ*": "was called/was named/was designated" } }
• Jer 3:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.1", "source": "לֵאמֹ֡ר הֵ֣ן יְשַׁלַּ֣ח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ וְהָלְכָ֨ה מֵאִתּ֜וֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵ֗ר הֲיָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ ע֔וֹד הֲל֛וֹא חָנ֥וֹף תֶּחֱנַ֖ף הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאַ֗תְּ זָנִית֙ רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְשׁ֥וֹב אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃", "text": "*lēʾmōr* *hēn* *yᵉšallaḥ* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* *wᵉhālᵉḵâ* from-him *wᵉhāyᵉtâ* to-*ʾîš*-another, *hᵃyāšûḇ* to-her again? *hᵃlôʾ* *ḥānôp̄* *teḥĕnap̄* the-*ʾereṣ* that? And-you *zānît* *rēʿîm* many, yet-*šôḇ* to-me *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to say/saying'", "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - 'behold/if'", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'sends away/dismisses'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - 'man/husband'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his wife'", "*wᵉhālᵉḵâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she goes/went'", "*wᵉhāyᵉtâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she becomes/became'", "*hᵃyāšûḇ*": "interrogative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will he return?'", "*hᵃlôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'will not?'", "*ḥānôp̄*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'utterly polluted'", "*teḥĕnap̄*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'be polluted'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'land/earth'", "*zānît*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you have played the harlot'", "*rēʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'companions/lovers'", "*šôḇ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'return'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state, utterance/declaration", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*hēn*": "behold/look/if", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "sends away/divorces/dismisses", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband/each one", "*wᵉhālᵉḵâ*": "and she goes/departs/leaves", "*wᵉhāyᵉtâ*": "and she becomes/belongs to", "*hᵃyāšûḇ*": "will he return/take her back", "*ḥānôp̄*": "greatly polluted/utterly defiled", "*teḥĕnap̄*": "be polluted/defiled/profaned", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*zānît*": "played the harlot/been promiscuous/been unfaithful", "*rēʿîm*": "companions/friends/lovers", "*šôḇ*": "return/come back", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.2", "source": "שְׂאִֽי־עֵינַ֨יִךְ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם וּרְאִ֗י אֵיפֹה֙ לֹ֣א *שגלת **שֻׁכַּ֔בְתְּ עַל־דְּרָכִים֙ יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ לָהֶ֔ם כַּעֲרָבִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי אֶ֔רֶץ בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*śᵉʾî*-*ʿênayiḵ* upon-*šᵉp̄āyim* and-*rᵉʾî*, where not *šuggalᵉt/**šukkaḇᵉt*. Upon-*dᵉrāḵîm* *yāšaḇᵉt* for-them like-*ʿarāḇî* in-the-*midbar*. *wattaḥănîp̄î* *ʾereṣ* with-*zᵉnûtayiḵ* and-with-*rāʿātēḵ*.", "grammar": { "*śᵉʾî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'lift up'", "*ʿênayiḵ*": "noun, dual construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your eyes'", "*šᵉp̄āyim*": "noun, masculine plural - 'bare heights/high places'", "*rᵉʾî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'see/look'", "*šuggalᵉt/**šukkaḇᵉt*": "Kethib/Qere: Pual perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you were ravished/you were lain with'", "*dᵉrāḵîm*": "noun, feminine plural - 'roads/ways/paths'", "*yāšaḇᵉt*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you sat/waited'", "*ʿarāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'Arab/nomad'", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular - 'wilderness/desert'", "*wattaḥănîp̄î*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and you polluted'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'land/earth'", "*zᵉnûtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your harlotries/prostitutions'", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your wickedness/evil'" }, "variants": { "*śᵉʾî*": "lift up/raise", "*ʿênayiḵ*": "your eyes", "*šᵉp̄āyim*": "bare heights/high places/barren hills", "*rᵉʾî*": "see/look/observe", "*šuggalᵉt/**šukkaḇᵉt*": "you were ravished/you were lain with/you were violated", "*dᵉrāḵîm*": "roads/ways/paths", "*yāšaḇᵉt*": "you sat/you waited/you dwelled", "*ʿarāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*wattaḥănîp̄î*": "and you polluted/defiled/profaned", "*zᵉnûtayiḵ*": "your harlotries/prostitutions/adulteries", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "your wickedness/evil/wrongdoing" } }
• Jer 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.8", "source": "וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃", "text": "*wāʾēreʾ* that for-all-*ʾōdôt* which *niʾăp̄â* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl*, *šillaḥtîhā* *wāʾettēn* *ʾet*-*sēp̄er* *kᵉrîtutehā* to-her; and-not *yārᵉʾâ* *bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh*, *wattēleḵ* *wattizen* also-she.", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I saw'", "*ʾōdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'causes/reasons'", "*niʾăp̄â*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she committed adultery'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'I sent her away'", "*wāʾettēn*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I gave'", "*sēp̄er*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'document/scroll'", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her divorce'", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she feared/was afraid'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*wattēleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she went'", "*wattizen*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she played the harlot'" }, "variants": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "and I saw/observed/noticed", "*ʾōdôt*": "causes/reasons/occasions", "*niʾăp̄â*": "she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/dismissed her/divorced her", "*wāʾettēn*": "and I gave/provided/handed over", "*sēp̄er*": "document/scroll/certificate", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "her divorce/separation/cutting off", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "she feared/was afraid/was in awe", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/proceeded", "*wattizen*": "and she played the harlot/prostituted herself" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.9", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ מִקֹּ֣ל זְנוּתָ֔הּ וַתֶּחֱנַ֖ף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַתִּנְאַ֥ף אֶת־הָאֶ֖בֶן וְאֶת־הָעֵֽץ׃", "text": "*wᵉhāyâ* from-*qōl* *zᵉnûtâh* *wattĕḥĕnap̄* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ*, *wattinʾap̄* *ʾet*-the-*ʾeḇen* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʿēṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wᵉhāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and it came to pass/happened'", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound/lightness'", "*zᵉnûtâh*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her harlotry/prostitution'", "*wattĕḥĕnap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she polluted'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the land/earth'", "*wattinʾap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she committed adultery'", "*ʾeḇen*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the stone'", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the tree/wood'" }, "variants": { "*wᵉhāyâ*": "and it came to pass/happened/occurred", "*qōl*": "sound/voice/lightness/frivolity", "*zᵉnûtâh*": "her harlotry/prostitution/promiscuity", "*wattĕḥĕnap̄*": "and she polluted/defiled/profaned", "*ʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*wattinʾap̄*": "and she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*ʾeḇen*": "the stone/rock", "*ʿēṣ*": "the tree/wood" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.10", "source": "וְגַם־בְּכָל־זֹ֗את לֹא־שָׁ֨בָה אֵלַ֜י בָּגוֹדָ֧ה אֲחוֹתָ֛הּ יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּכָל־לִבָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י אִם־בְּשֶׁ֖קֶר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-also-in-all-this not-*šāḇâ* to-me *bāgôdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh* *yᵉhûdâ* with-all-*libbâh*, but-rather-in-*šeqer* *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*šāḇâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she returned'", "*bāgôdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*libbâh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her heart'", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - 'falsehood/lie'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state - 'utterance/declaration'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šāḇâ*": "she returned/came back/repented", "*bāgôdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*libbâh*": "her heart/mind/inner being", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*nᵉʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } }
• Ezek 16:15-52 : 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.15", "source": "וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י בְיָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתִּזְנִ֖י עַל־שְׁמֵ֑ךְ וַתִּשְׁפְּכִ֧י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַ֛יִךְ עַל־כָּל־עוֹבֵ֖ר לוֹ־יֶֽהִי׃", "text": "*wa-tiḇṭəḥî* *ḇə-yāpyēḵ* *wa-tiznî* *ʿal*-*šəmēḵ* *wa-tiššəpəḵî* *ʾet*-*taznûtayiḵ* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*ʿôḇēr* *lô*-*yehî*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiḇṭəḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you trusted", "*ḇə-yāpyēḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your beauty", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of", "*šəmēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your name/fame", "*wa-tiššəpəḵî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you poured out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznûtayiḵ*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your harlotries", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*kāl*": "masculine singular construct - every", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - passer-by", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*yehî*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - may it be/let it be" }, "variants": { "*tiḇṭəḥî*": "you trusted/relied upon/were confident in", "*tiznî*": "you played the harlot/were unfaithful/prostituted yourself", "*tiššəpəḵî*": "you poured out/lavished/bestowed", "*taznûtayiḵ*": "your harlotries/prostitutions/infidelities", "*ʿôḇēr*": "passer-by/one who passes", "*lô*-*yehî*": "to him it might be/his for the taking (unclear idiomatic expression)" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.16", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֣י מִבְּגָדַ֗יִךְ וַתַּֽעֲשִׂי־לָךְ֙ בָּמ֣וֹת טְלֻא֔וֹת וַתִּזְנִ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א בָא֖וֹת וְלֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*wa-tiqḥî* *mi-bbəgādayiḵ* *wa-taʿăśî*-*lāḵ* *bāmôt* *ṭəluʾôt* *wa-tiznî* *ʿălêhem* *lōʾ* *ḇāʾôt* *wə-lōʾ* *yihyeh*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you took", "*mi-bbəgādayiḵ*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - from your garments", "*wa-taʿăśî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you made", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun - high places", "*ṭəluʾôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - many-colored/patched", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḇāʾôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - coming", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/platforms", "*ṭəluʾôt*": "many-colored/patched/diverse", "*lōʾ* *ḇāʾôt* *wə-lōʾ* *yihyeh*": "not coming and not being/such things should not come and should not be/unprecedented and should not happen (difficult idiom)" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.17", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֞י כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְ מִזְּהָבִ֤י וּמִכַּסְפִּי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔ךְ וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֖ךְ צַלְמֵ֣י זָכָ֑ר וַתִּזְנִי־בָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tiqḥî* *kəlê* *tipʾartēḵ* *mi-zzəhāḇî* *û-mi-kkaspî* *ʾăšer* *nātattî* *lāḵ* *wa-taʿăśî*-*lāḵ* *ṣalmê* *zāḵār* *wa-tiznî*-*ḇām*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you took", "*kəlê*": "masculine plural construct - vessels/instruments of", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your beauty", "*mi-zzəhāḇî*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - from my gold", "*û-mi-kkaspî*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - and from my silver", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*wa-taʿăśî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you made", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for yourself", "*ṣalmê*": "masculine plural construct - images of", "*zāḵār*": "masculine singular noun - male", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ḇām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them" }, "variants": { "*kəlê*": "vessels/instruments/jewelry", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "your beauty/glory/splendor", "*ṣalmê*": "images/figures/idols", "*zāḵār*": "male/man/masculine", "*tiznî*-*ḇām*": "you played the harlot with them/committed fornication with them" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.18", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֛י אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י רִקְמָתֵ֖ךְ וַתְּכַסִּ֑ים וְשַׁמְנִי֙ וּקְטָרְתִּ֔י נָתַ֖תְּ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wattiqqəḥî* *ʾet*-*bigdê* *riqmātêk* and *wattəkassîm* and *wəšamnî* and *ûqəṭārtî* *nātatt* before them.", "grammar": { "*wattiqqəḥî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bigdê*": "construct state, plural of *beged* - garments/clothes of", "*riqmātêk*": "your embroidery, feminine singular noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattəkassîm*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you covered them", "*wəšamnî*": "and my oil, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*ûqəṭārtî*": "and my incense, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*nātatt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you gave/placed" }, "variants": { "*bigdê riqmātêk*": "your embroidered garments/your colorful garments/your richly woven garments", "*wattəkassîm*": "you covered them/you clothed them/you placed them over", "*nātatt*": "you gave/you placed/you set/you put" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.19", "source": "וְלַחְמִי֩ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֨תִּי לָ֜ךְ סֹ֣לֶת וָשֶׁ֤מֶן וּדְבַשׁ֙ הֶֽאֱכַלְתִּ֔יךְ וּנְתַתִּ֧יהוּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֛ם לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ וַיֶּ֑הִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "And *wəlaḥmî* which *ʾăšer*-*nātattî* to you, *sōlet* and *wāšemen* and *ûdəbaš* *heʾĕkaltîk*, and *ûnətattîhû* before them for *lərêaḥ* *nîḥōaḥ*. And *wayyehî*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wəlaḥmî*": "and my bread, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I gave", "*sōlet*": "fine flour, noun absolute", "*wāšemen*": "and oil, noun absolute", "*ûdəbaš*": "and honey, noun absolute", "*heʾĕkaltîk*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I fed you", "*ûnətattîhû*": "and I gave it, qal perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix", "*lərêaḥ*": "for a scent/smell, preposition + noun construct", "*nîḥōaḥ*": "pleasing/soothing, adjective", "*wayyehî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it was/became", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance of, noun construct", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*sōlet*": "fine flour/fine meal/choice flour", "*lərêaḥ nîḥōaḥ*": "for a pleasing aroma/for a sweet savor/for a soothing fragrance", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle/says" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.20", "source": "וַתִּקְחִ֞י אֶת־בָּנַ֤יִךְ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָלַ֣דְתְּ לִ֔י וַתִּזְבָּחִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם לֶאֱכ֑וֹל הַמְעַ֖ט מִתַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And *wattiqqəḥî* *ʾet*-*bānayik* and *ʾet*-*bənôtayik* which *ʾăšer* *yāladt* to me, and *wattizbaḥîm* to them to *leʾĕkôl*. *haməʿaṭ* from *mittaznûtāyik*?", "grammar": { "*wattiqqəḥî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānayik*": "your sons, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bənôtayik*": "your daughters, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*yāladt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you bore/gave birth to", "*wattizbaḥîm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you sacrificed them", "*leʾĕkôl*": "to eat/consume, preposition + qal infinitive construct", "*haməʿaṭ*": "interrogative particle + adjective - was it a small thing/was it too little", "*mittaznûtāyik*": "from your prostitutions/harlotries, preposition + plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*yāladt*": "you bore/you gave birth to/you delivered", "*wattizbaḥîm*": "you sacrificed them/you slaughtered them", "*haməʿaṭ*": "was it a small thing/was it insignificant/was it too little", "*mittaznûtāyik*": "from your prostitutions/from your harlotries/from your acts of fornication" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.21", "source": "וַֽתִּשְׁחֲטִ֖י אֶת־בָּנָ֑י וַֽתִּתְּנִ֔ים בְּהַעֲבִ֥יר אוֹתָ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wattišḥăṭî* *ʾet*-*bānāy* and *wattittnîm* in *bəhaʿăbîr* *ʾôtām* to them.", "grammar": { "*wattišḥăṭî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you slaughtered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānāy*": "my sons, plural noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*wattittnîm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you gave them", "*bəhaʿăbîr*": "in causing to pass over, preposition + hiphil infinitive construct", "*ʾôtām*": "them, direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix" }, "variants": { "*wattišḥăṭî*": "you slaughtered/you butchered/you killed", "*bəhaʿăbîr*": "in causing to pass through [fire]/in offering up/in dedicating" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.22", "source": "וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ וְתַזְנֻתַ֔יִךְ לֹ֥א זָכַ֖רְתְּ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ בִּֽהְיוֹתֵךְ֙ עֵרֹ֣ם וְעֶרְיָ֔ה מִתְבּוֹסֶ֥סֶת בְּדָמֵ֖ךְ הָיִֽית׃", "text": "And *wəʾēt* all-*tôʿăbōtayik* and *wətaznūtayik*, not *zākart* *ʾet*-*yəmê* *nəʿûrāyik*, in *bihyôtēk* *ʿērōm* and *wəʿeryāh*, *mitbôseset* in *bədāmēk* *hāyît*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾēt*": "and with, conjunction + direct object marker", "*tôʿăbōtayik*": "your abominations, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wətaznūtayik*": "and your prostitutions, conjunction + plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*zākart*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you remembered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəmê*": "days of, construct state", "*nəʿûrāyik*": "your youth, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bihyôtēk*": "in your being, preposition + qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʿērōm*": "naked, adjective", "*wəʿeryāh*": "and bare, conjunction + adjective", "*mitbôseset*": "wallowing/floundering, hithpolel participle feminine singular", "*bədāmēk*": "in your blood, preposition + noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*hāyît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were" }, "variants": { "*tôʿăbōtayik*": "your abominations/your detestable acts/your abhorrent practices", "*taznūtayik*": "your prostitutions/your harlotries/your acts of fornication", "*nəʿûrāyik*": "your youth/your adolescence/your early days", "*mitbôseset*": "wallowing/kicking/floundering/struggling" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.23", "source": "וַיְהִ֕י אַחֲרֵ֖י כָּל־רָעָתֵ֑ךְ א֣וֹי א֣וֹי לָ֔ךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* after all-*rāʿātēk* *ʾôy* *ʾôy* to you, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it came to pass/it happened", "*rāʿātēk*": "your wickedness, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʾôy*": "woe, interjection (repeated)", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance of, noun construct", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātēk*": "your wickedness/your evil/your calamity", "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/ah" } } 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.24", "source": "וַתִּבְנִי־לָ֖ךְ גֶּ֑ב וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֥ךְ רָמָ֖ה בְּכָל־רְחֽוֹב׃", "text": "And *wattibnî*-to you *geb* and *wattaʿăśî*-to you *rāmāh* in all-*rəḥôb*.", "grammar": { "*wattibnî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you built", "*geb*": "mound/arched place/vaulted chamber, noun absolute", "*wattaʿăśî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you made", "*rāmāh*": "high place/elevated place, noun absolute", "*rəḥôb*": "street/plaza/square, noun absolute" }, "variants": { "*geb*": "mound/arched place/vaulted chamber/brothel/shrine", "*rāmāh*": "high place/elevated place/shrine", "*rəḥôb*": "street/plaza/public square/open area" } } 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.25", "source": "אֶל־כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ דֶּ֗רֶךְ בָּנִית֙ רָֽמָתֵ֔ךְ וַתְּתַֽעֲבִי֙ אֶת־יָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתְּפַשְּׂקִ֥י אֶת־רַגְלַ֖יִךְ לְכָל־עוֹבֵ֑ר וַתַּרְבִּ֖י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "To all-*rōʾš* *derek* *bānît* *rāmātēk* and *wattətaʿăbî* *ʾet*-*yāfyēk* and *wattəfaśśəqî* *ʾet*-*raglayik* to all-*ʿôbēr* and *watarbî* *ʾet*-*taznûtāyik*.", "grammar": { "*rōʾš*": "head/top, noun construct", "*derek*": "way/road/path, noun absolute", "*bānît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you built", "*rāmātēk*": "your high place, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattətaʿăbî*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you abominated/made abominable", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yāfyēk*": "your beauty, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattəfaśśəqî*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you spread wide", "*raglayik*": "your feet/legs, dual noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʿôbēr*": "one passing by, qal participle masculine singular", "*watarbî*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you multiplied/increased", "*taznûtāyik*": "your prostitutions, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš derek*": "head of the way/top of the road/prominent place on the path", "*wattətaʿăbî*": "you made abominable/you defiled/you profaned", "*wattəfaśśəqî*": "you spread wide/you opened/you parted", "*watarbî*": "you multiplied/you increased/you made abundant" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.26", "source": "וַתִּזְנִ֧י אֶל־בְּנֵֽי־מִצְרַ֛יִם שְׁכֵנַ֖יִךְ גִּדְלֵ֣י בָשָׂ֑ר וַתַּרְבִּ֥י אֶת־תַּזְנֻתֵ֖ךְ לְהַכְעִיסֵֽנִי׃", "text": "And *wattizniî* to-*bənê*-*miṣrayim* *šəkēnayik* *gidlê* *bāśār* and *watarbî* *ʾet*-*taznūtēk* to *ləhak'îsēnî*.", "grammar": { "*wattizniî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you prostituted yourself", "*bənê*": "sons of, construct state", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt, proper noun", "*šəkēnayik*": "your neighbors, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*gidlê*": "great ones of, construct state", "*bāśār*": "flesh, noun absolute", "*watarbî*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you multiplied/increased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznūtēk*": "your prostitution/harlotry, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ləhak'îsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger, preposition + hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*gidlê bāśār*": "great of flesh/well-endowed/having large sexual organs", "*ləhak'îsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to vex me/to offend me" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.27", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֨ה נָטִ֤יתִי יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֶגְרַ֖ע חֻקֵּ֑ךְ וָאֶתְּנֵ֞ךְ בְּנֶ֤פֶשׁ שֹׂנְאוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ בְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים הַנִּכְלָמ֖וֹת מִדַּרְכֵּ֥ךְ זִמָּֽה׃", "text": "And *wəhinnēh* *nāṭîtî* *yādî* against you and *wāʾegrā* *ḥuqqēk* and *wāʾettnēk* in *bənefeš* *śōnəʾôtayik* *bənôt* *pəlištîm* *hanniklāmôt* from *midarkēk* *zimmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wəhinnēh*": "and behold, interjection", "*nāṭîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I stretched out", "*yādî*": "my hand, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*wāʾegrā*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I diminished", "*ḥuqqēk*": "your portion/allotment, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wāʾettnēk*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - and I gave you", "*bənefeš*": "to the desire/will, preposition + noun construct", "*śōnəʾôtayik*": "those hating you, qal participle feminine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bənôt*": "daughters of, construct state", "*pəlištîm*": "Philistines, proper noun", "*hanniklāmôt*": "the ones being ashamed, niphal participle feminine plural with definite article", "*midarkēk*": "from your way, preposition + noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*zimmāh*": "lewdness/licentiousness, noun absolute" }, "variants": { "*ḥuqqēk*": "your portion/your allotment/your allowance/your prescribed portion", "*bənefeš*": "to the desire/will/appetite/discretion", "*śōnəʾôtayik*": "those hating you/your enemies/those detesting you", "*hanniklāmôt*": "those being ashamed/those being embarrassed/those feeling disgust", "*zimmāh*": "lewdness/depravity/licentiousness/wickedness" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.28", "source": "וַתִּזְנִי֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר מִבִּלְתִּ֖י שָׂבְעָתֵ֑ךְ וַתִּזְנִ֕ים וְגַ֖ם לֹ֥א שָׂבָֽעַתְּ׃", "text": "And *wattizŋî* to-*bənê* *ʾaššûr* from *mibbiltî* *śābʿātēk* and *ttiznîm* and also not *śābāʿat*.", "grammar": { "*wattizŋî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you prostituted yourself", "*bənê*": "sons of, construct state", "*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria, proper noun", "*mibbiltî*": "from not, preposition + preposition + negative particle", "*śābʿātēk*": "your satisfaction/satiety, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ttiznîm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and you committed prostitution with them", "*śābāʿat*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were satisfied" }, "variants": { "*mibbiltî śābʿātēk*": "from your lack of satisfaction/because you were not satisfied/due to your insatiability", "*ttiznîm*": "you committed prostitution with them/you played the harlot with them" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.29", "source": "וַתַּרְבִּ֧י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתֵ֛ךְ אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ימָה וְגַם־בְּזֹ֖את לֹ֥א שָׂבָֽעַתְּ׃", "text": "And *watarbî* *ʾet*-*taznûtēk* to-*ʾereṣ* *kənaʿan* *kaśdîmāh* and also-in *bəzōʾt* not *śābāʿat*.", "grammar": { "*watarbî*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you multiplied/increased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznûtēk*": "your prostitution/harlotry, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʾereṣ*": "land of, construct state", "*kənaʿan*": "Canaan, proper noun", "*kaśdîmāh*": "to Chaldea, proper noun with directional heh", "*bəzōʾt*": "in this, preposition + demonstrative feminine singular", "*śābāʿat*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were satisfied" }, "variants": { "*kaśdîmāh*": "to Chaldea/toward the Chaldeans/to Babylonia", "*bəzōʾt*": "in this/with this/by this" } } 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.30", "source": "מָ֤ה אֲמֻלָה֙ לִבָּתֵ֔ךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה בַּעֲשׂוֹתֵךְ֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֔לֶּה מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אִשָּֽׁה־זוֹנָ֖ה שַׁלָּֽטֶת׃", "text": "How *ʾămullāh* *libbātēk*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*, in *baʿăśôtēk* *ʾet*-all-*ʾēlleh*, *maʿăśēh* *ʾiššāh*-*zônāh* *šallāṭet*.", "grammar": { "*ʾămullāh*": "weak/feeble/languishing, qal passive participle feminine singular", "*libbātēk*": "your heart, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance of, noun construct", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord, noun with 1st person singular suffix", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*baʿăśôtēk*": "in your doing, preposition + qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēlleh*": "these, demonstrative", "*maʿăśēh*": "deed/work/act, noun construct", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman, noun construct", "*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot, qal participle feminine singular", "*šallāṭet*": "ruling/domineering/imperious, qal participle feminine singular" }, "variants": { "*ʾămullāh*": "weak/feeble/languishing/sick", "*libbātēk*": "your heart/your will/your mind", "*šallāṭet*": "domineering/imperious/brazen/shameless" } } 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.31", "source": "בִּבְנוֹתַ֤יִךְ גַּבֵּךְ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כָּל־דֶּ֔רֶךְ וְרָמָתֵ֥ךְ עָשִׂ֖ית בְּכָל־רְח֑וֹב וְלֹא־הָיִ֥ית כַּזּוֹנָ֖ה לְקַלֵּ֥ס אֶתְנָֽן׃", "text": "In *bibnôtayik* *gabbēk* in *bərōʾš* all-*derek* and *wərāmātēk* *ʿāśît* in all-*rəḥôb* and not-*hāyît* like *kazzônāh* to *ləqallēs* *ʾetnān*.", "grammar": { "*bibnôtayik*": "in your building, preposition + qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*gabbēk*": "your mound/arched place, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bərōʾš*": "in the head/top of, preposition + noun construct", "*derek*": "way/road/path, noun absolute", "*wərāmātēk*": "and your high place, conjunction + noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you made", "*rəḥôb*": "street/plaza/square, noun absolute", "*hāyît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were", "*kazzônāh*": "like the prostitute, preposition + definite article + qal participle feminine singular", "*ləqallēs*": "to mock/scorn, preposition + piel infinitive construct", "*ʾetnān*": "hire/payment/fee, noun absolute" }, "variants": { "*gabbēk*": "your mound/your arched place/your vaulted chamber/your shrine", "*ləqallēs*": "to mock/to scorn/to reject/to disdain", "*ʾetnān*": "hire/payment/fee/wages [of prostitution]" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.32", "source": "הָאִשָּׁ֖ה הַמְּנָאָ֑פֶת תַּ֣חַת אִישָׁ֔הּ תִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־זָרִֽים׃", "text": "The *hāʾiššāh* *hamənāʾāfet* *taḥat* *ʾîšāh* *tiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*zārîm*.", "grammar": { "*hāʾiššāh*": "the woman, definite article + noun absolute", "*hamənāʾāfet*": "the committing adultery, definite article + piel participle feminine singular", "*taḥat*": "under/instead of, preposition", "*ʾîšāh*": "her husband, noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix", "*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she takes", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zārîm*": "strangers, plural adjective" }, "variants": { "*hamənāʾāfet*": "the one committing adultery/the adulteress", "*taḥat*": "under/instead of/in place of", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreign men/those who are alien" } } 33 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.33", "source": "לְכָל־זֹנ֖וֹת יִתְּנוּ־נֵ֑דֶה וְאַ֨תְּ נָתַ֤תְּ אֶת־נְדָנַ֙יִךְ֙ לְכָל־מְאַֽהֲבַ֔יִךְ וַתִּשְׁחֳדִ֣י אוֹתָ֗ם לָב֥וֹא אֵלַ֛יִךְ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּתַזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "To all-*zōnôt* *yittenû*-*nēdeh* and you *nātatt* *ʾet*-*nədānayik* to all-*məʾahăbayik* and *wattišḥŏdî* *ʾôtām* to *lābôʾ* to you from *missābîb* in *bətaznûtāyik*.", "grammar": { "*zōnôt*": "prostitutes, qal participle feminine plural", "*yittenû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they give", "*nēdeh*": "gift/payment, noun absolute", "*nātatt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you gave", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nədānayik*": "your gifts, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*məʾahăbayik*": "your lovers, piel participle masculine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattišḥŏdî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you bribed", "*ʾôtām*": "them, direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix", "*lābôʾ*": "to come, preposition + qal infinitive construct", "*missābîb*": "from around, preposition + adverb", "*bətaznûtāyik*": "in your prostitutions, preposition + plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*nēdeh*": "gift/payment/price/fee", "*nədānayik*": "your gifts/your payments/your bribes", "*wattišḥŏdî*": "you bribed/you gave gifts to/you hired", "*missābîb*": "from around/from all sides/from every direction" } } 34 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.34", "source": "וַיְהִי־בָ֨ךְ הֵ֤פֶךְ מִן־הַנָּשִׁים֙ בְּתַזְנוּתַ֔יִךְ וְאַחֲרַ֖יִךְ לֹ֣א זוּנָּ֑ה וּבְתִתֵּ֣ךְ אֶתְנָ֗ן וְאֶתְנַ֛ן לֹ֥א נִתַּן־לָ֖ךְ וַתְּהִ֥י לְהֶֽפֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî*-in you *hēfek* from-*hannāšîm* in *bətaznûtayik* and *wəʾaḥărayik* not *zûnnāh* and in *ûbətittēk* *ʾetnān* and *wəʾetnān* not *nittan*-to you and *wattəhî* to *ləhefek*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it was", "*hēfek*": "contrary/opposite, noun absolute", "*hannāšîm*": "the women, definite article + plural noun", "*bətaznûtayik*": "in your prostitutions, preposition + plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wəʾaḥărayik*": "and after you, conjunction + preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*zûnnāh*": "pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was prostituted/was hired", "*ûbətittēk*": "and in your giving, conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʾetnān*": "hire/payment/fee, noun absolute", "*wəʾetnān*": "and hire/payment/fee, conjunction + noun absolute", "*nittan*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was given", "*wattəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you were", "*ləhefek*": "to the opposite/contrary, preposition + definite article + noun absolute" }, "variants": { "*hēfek*": "contrary/opposite/reverse", "*zûnnāh*": "was prostituted/was hired/was sought", "*ʾetnān*": "hire/payment/fee/wages [of prostitution]", "*ləhefek*": "to the opposite/to the contrary/in reverse" } } 35 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.35", "source": "לָכֵ֣ן זוֹנָ֔ה שִׁמְעִ֖י דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "Therefore, *zônāh*, *šimʿî* *dəbar*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot, qal participle feminine singular", "*šimʿî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - hear", "*dəbar*": "word of, construct state", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot/whore", "*dəbar*": "word/message/speaking" } } 36 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.36", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה יַ֣עַן הִשָּׁפֵ֤ךְ נְחֻשְׁתֵּךְ֙ וַתִּגָּלֶ֣ה עֶרְוָתֵ֔ךְ כְּ‪[t]‬תַזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ עַל־מְאַהֲבָ֑יִךְ וְעַל֙ כָּל־גִּלּוּלֵ֣י תוֹעֲבוֹתַ֔יִךְ וְכִדְמֵ֣י בָנַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תְּ לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *yəhōwih*, because *hišāpēḵ* your *nəḥuštēḵ* and *watigāleh* your *ʿerwātēḵ* in your *tazənûtayiḵ* upon your *məʾahăḇāyiḵ* and upon all *gilûlê* your *tôʿăḇôtayiḵ* and like the *ḏimê* your *ḇānayiḵ* which *nātat* to them.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with suffix - my Lord", "*yəhōwih*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because/on account of", "*hišāpēḵ*": "niphal infinitive construct - was poured out/spilled", "*nəḥuštēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bronze/filthiness/lust", "*watigāleh*": "niphal consecutive imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was uncovered/revealed", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nakedness/genitals", "*tazənûtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fornications/acts of harlotry", "*məʾahăḇāyiḵ*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your lovers", "*gilûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*tôʿăḇôtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your abominations", "*ḏimê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - blood of", "*ḇānayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sons/children", "*nātat*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you gave" }, "variants": { "*nəḥuštēḵ*": "filthiness/lust/copper/bronze/brass", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "nakedness/genitals/shame", "*tazənûtayiḵ*": "prostitutions/whoredoms/fornications", "*məʾahăḇāyiḵ*": "lovers/paramours", "*gilûlê*": "idols/logs/dung-gods", "*tôʿăḇôtayiḵ*": "abominations/detestable things", "*ḏimê*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt" } } 37 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.37", "source": "לָ֠כֵן הִנְנִ֨י מְקַבֵּ֤ץ אֶת־כָּל־מְאַהֲבַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָרַ֣בְתְּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהַ֔בְתְּ עַ֖ל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֑את וְקִבַּצְתִּי֩ אֹתָ֨ם עָלַ֜יִךְ מִסָּבִ֗יב וְגִלֵּיתִ֤י עֶרְוָתֵךְ֙ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וְרָא֖וּ אֶת־כָּל־עֶרְוָתֵֽךְ׃", "text": "Therefore *hinənî* *məqabēṣ* *ʾet*-all your *məʾahăḇayiḵ* whom *ʿāraḇt* upon them, and *ʾēt* all whom *ʾāhaḇt* upon all whom *śānēʾt*; and *wəqibaṣtî* them *ʿālayiḵ* from *misāḇîḇ* and *wəgilêtî* your *ʿerwātēḵ* to them, and *wərāʾû* *ʾet*-all your *ʿerwātēḵ*.", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus/consequently", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - here am I/behold me", "*məqabēṣ*": "piel participle, masculine singular - gathering/assembling", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*məʾahăḇayiḵ*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your lovers", "*ʿāraḇt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you found sweet/pleasant/pleasing", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāhaḇt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you loved", "*śānēʾt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you hated", "*wəqibaṣtî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will gather", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you/against you", "*misāḇîḇ*": "preposition + noun - from all around/from every side", "*wəgilêtî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will uncover/reveal", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nakedness/genitals", "*wərāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will see" }, "variants": { "*məʾahăḇayiḵ*": "lovers/paramours", "*ʿāraḇt*": "you found sweet/pleasant/you mingled with/engaged with", "*ʾāhaḇt*": "you loved/desired", "*śānēʾt*": "you hated/detested/rejected", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "nakedness/genitals/shame/exposed parts" } } 38 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.38", "source": "וּשְׁפַטְתִּיךְ֙ מִשְׁפְּטֵ֣י נֹאֲפ֔וֹת וְשֹׁפְכֹ֖ת דָּ֑ם וּנְתַתִּ֕יךְ דַּ֥ם חֵמָ֖ה וְקִנְאָֽה׃", "text": "And *ûšəpaṭtîḵ* *mišpəṭê* *nōʾăpôt* and *wəšōpəḵōt* *dām*; and *ûnətattîḵ* *dam* *ḥēmāh* and *wəqinʾāh*.", "grammar": { "*ûšəpaṭtîḵ*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive and 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I will judge you", "*mišpəṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - judgments of", "*nōʾăpôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - adulteresses/women who commit adultery", "*wəšōpəḵōt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - and those who shed/pour out", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*ûnətattîḵ*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive and 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I will give you/make you", "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*ḥēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/fury/heat", "*wəqinʾāh*": "noun, feminine singular - and jealousy/envy" }, "variants": { "*nōʾăpôt*": "adulteresses/women who commit adultery", "*šōpəḵōt*": "those who shed/pour out/spill", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage/poison", "*qinʾāh*": "jealousy/envy/zeal" } } 39 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.39", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֨י אוֹתָ֜ךְ בְּיָדָ֗ם וְהָרְס֤וּ גַבֵּךְ֙ וְנִתְּצ֣וּ רָמֹתַ֔יִךְ וְהִפְשִׁ֤יטוּ אוֹתָךְ֙ בְּגָדַ֔יִךְ וְלָקְח֖וּ כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֑ךְ וְהִנִּיח֖וּךְ עֵירֹ֥ם וְעֶרְיָֽה׃", "text": "And *wənātattî* *ʾôtāḵ* in *bəyādām* and *wəhārəsû* your *gabēḵ* and *wənitəṣû* your *rāmōtayiḵ* and *wəhipšîṭû* *ʾôtāḵ* your *bəgādayiḵ* and *wəlāqəḥû* *kəlê* your *tipʾartēḵ* and *wəhinîḥûḵ* *ʿêrōm* and *wəʿeryāh*.", "grammar": { "*wənātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will give", "*ʾôtāḵ*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*bəyādām*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their hand/power", "*wəhārəsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will demolish/tear down", "*gabēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your eminence/mound/brothel", "*wənitəṣû*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will break down/destroy", "*rāmōtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your high places/platforms", "*wəhipšîṭû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will strip/remove", "*bəgādayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your clothes/garments", "*wəlāqəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will take", "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - articles/vessels/implements of", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your beauty/glory/ornament", "*wəhinîḥûḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive and 2nd feminine singular suffix - and they will leave you", "*ʿêrōm*": "adjective, masculine singular - naked/bare", "*wəʿeryāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - and naked/bare" }, "variants": { "*gabēḵ*": "your mound/back/eminence/brothel/vault", "*rāmōtayiḵ*": "your high places/elevated platforms/cult sites", "*kəlê*": "vessels/articles/implements/instruments", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "your beauty/glory/splendor/ornament" } } 40 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.40", "source": "וְהֶעֱל֤וּ עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ קָהָ֔ל וְרָגְמ֥וּ אוֹתָ֖ךְ בָּאָ֑בֶן וּבִתְּק֖וּךְ בְּחַרְבוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And *wəheʿĕlû* upon *ʿālayiḵ* *qāhāl*, and *wərāgəmû* *ʾôtāḵ* with the *bāʾāḇen*, and *ûbitəqûḵ* with their *bəḥarḇôtām*.", "grammar": { "*wəheʿĕlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will bring up/cause to go up", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you/against you", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular - assembly/congregation/crowd", "*wərāgəmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will stone", "*ʾôtāḵ*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*bāʾāḇen*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the stone(s)", "*ûbitəqûḵ*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive and 2nd feminine singular suffix - and they will cut you/hack you to pieces", "*bəḥarḇôtām*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with their swords" }, "variants": { "*qāhāl*": "assembly/crowd/multitude/congregation", "*rāgəmû*": "stone/pelt with stones", "*bitəqûḵ*": "cut you up/hack you to pieces/slice you" } } 41 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.41", "source": "וְשָׂרְפ֤וּ בָתַּ֙יִךְ֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְעָשׂוּ־בָ֣ךְ שְׁפָטִ֔ים לְעֵינֵ֖י נָשִׁ֣ים רַבּ֑וֹת וְהִשְׁבַּתִּיךְ֙ מִזּוֹנָ֔ה וְגַם־אֶתְנַ֖ן לֹ֥א תִתְּנִי־עֽוֹד׃", "text": "And *wəśārəpû* your *ḇātayiḵ* with the *bāʾēš*, and *wəʿāśû* in *ḇāḵ* *šəpāṭîm* to the eyes *ləʿênê* of *nāšîm* *rabôt*; and *wəhišbattîḵ* from *mizônāh*, and also *wəgam*-*ʾetnan* not *titənî*-*ʿôd*.", "grammar": { "*wəśārəpû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will burn", "*ḇātayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your houses", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the fire", "*wəʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will execute/do", "*ḇāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - in you/on you", "*šəpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/acts of judgment", "*ləʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - before the eyes of/in the sight of", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women", "*rabôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many", "*wəhišbattîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive and 2nd feminine singular suffix - and I will cause you to cease", "*mizônāh*": "preposition + qal participle, feminine singular - from being a harlot/prostitute", "*wəgam*": "conjunction - and also", "*ʾetnan*": "noun, masculine singular - fee/hire/payment (for prostitution)", "*titənî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will give", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/anymore" }, "variants": { "*ḇātayiḵ*": "your houses/dwellings", "*šəpāṭîm*": "judgments/punishments/acts of judgment", "*zônāh*": "harlot/prostitute/whore", "*ʾetnan*": "hire/fee/payment (for prostitution)" } } 42 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.42", "source": "וַהֲנִחֹתִ֤י חֲמָתִי֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְסָ֥רָה קִנְאָתִ֖י מִמֵּ֑ךְ וְשָׁ֣קַטְתִּ֔י וְלֹ֥א אֶכְעַ֖ס עֽוֹד׃", "text": "And *wahănîḥōtî* my *ḥămātî* in *bāḵ*, and *wəsārāh* my *qinʾātî* from *mimmēḵ*; and *wəšāqaṭtî* and not *ʾeḵʿas* *ʿôd*.", "grammar": { "*wahănîḥōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will cause to rest/satisfy", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my wrath/fury/rage", "*bāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - in you/on you", "*wəsārāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it will depart/turn aside", "*qinʾātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my jealousy/zeal", "*mimmēḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - from you", "*wəšāqaṭtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will be quiet/calm/at rest", "*ʾeḵʿas*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will be angry", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/anymore" }, "variants": { "*hănîḥōtî*": "I will cause to rest/satisfy/bring to rest/calm/appease", "*ḥămātî*": "my wrath/fury/rage/burning anger", "*qinʾātî*": "my jealousy/envy/zeal", "*šāqaṭtî*": "I will be quiet/at rest/calm down/be pacified" } } 43 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.43", "source": "יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־*זכרתי **זָכַרְתְּ֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרַ֔יִךְ וַתִּרְגְּזִי־לִ֖י בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְגַם־אֲנִ֨י הֵ֜א דַּרְכֵּ֣ךְ ׀ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ נָתַ֗תִּי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְלֹ֤א *עשיתי **עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־הַזִּמָּ֔ה עַ֖ל כָּל־תּוֹעֲבֹתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "Because *yaʿan* that *ʾăšer* not-*zāḵart* *ʾet*-days *yəmê* of your *nəʿûrayiḵ* and *watirgəzî*-to me in *bəḵol*-these, and also-I *wəgam*-*ʾănî* *hēʾ* your *darkēḵ* in *bərōʾš* *nātattî*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *yəhōwih*, and not *ʿāśît* *ʾet*-the *hazimmāh* upon *ʿal* all-your *tôʿăḇōtāyiḵ*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because/on account of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zāḵart*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you remembered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*nəʿûrayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your youth", "*watirgəzî*": "qal consecutive imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you raged/were agitated/trembled", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me/against me", "*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun - in all/with all", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun - these", "*wəgam*": "conjunction - and also", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*hēʾ*": "interjection - behold", "*darkēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way/path/conduct", "*bərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on the head/on top", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have given/placed", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/my Lord", "*yəhōwih*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you did/made", "*hazimmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the wickedness/depravity/lewdness", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/concerning/besides", "*tôʿăḇōtāyiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your abominations" }, "variants": { "*zāḵart*": "you remembered/recalled/called to mind", "*nəʿûrayiḵ*": "your youth/early life", "*tirgəzî*": "you raged/were agitated/provoked/angered", "*darkēḵ*": "your way/path/conduct/actions", "*bərōʾš*": "on the head/on top of/first", "*zimmāh*": "wickedness/lewdness/depravity/evil plan", "*tôʿăḇōtāyiḵ*": "your abominations/detestable acts" } } 44 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.44", "source": "הִנֵּה֙ כָּל־הַמֹּשֵׁ֔ל עָלַ֥יִךְ יִמְשֹׁ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּאִמָּ֖ה בִּתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "Behold *hinnēh*, all-the *kol*-*hammōšēl* upon *ʿālayiḵ* *yimšōl* to say *lēʾmōr*: As *kəʾimmāh* her *bittāh*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*hammōšēl*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one who speaks in proverbs/makes comparisons", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - concerning you/against you", "*yimšōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will make a proverb/speak a byword", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kəʾimmāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - like her mother", "*bittāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her daughter" }, "variants": { "*mōšēl*": "one who makes a proverb/speaks in parables/makes comparisons", "*yimšōl*": "he will speak in proverbs/make comparisons/use as a byword" } } 45 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.45", "source": "בַּת־אִמֵּ֣ךְ אַ֔תְּ גֹּעֶ֥לֶת אִישָׁ֖הּ וּבָנֶ֑יהָ וַאֲח֨וֹת אֲחוֹתֵ֜ךְ אַ֗תְּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר גָּֽעֲ֙לוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ן וּבְנֵיהֶ֔ן אִמְּכֶ֣ן חִתִּ֔ית וַאֲבִיכֶ֖ן אֱמֹרִֽי׃", "text": "Daughter-of *bat*-your *ʾimmēḵ* you *ʾat* *gōʿelet* her *ʾîšāh* and her *ûḇānehā*; and sister *waʾăḥôt* of your *ʾăḥôtēḵ* you *ʾat*, who *ʾăšer* *gāʿălû* their *ʾanšêhen* and their *ûḇənêhen*; your mother *ʾimməḵen* *ḥittît* and your father *waʾăḇîḵen* *ʾĕmōrî*.", "grammar": { "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾimmēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your mother", "*ʾat*": "personal pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - you", "*gōʿelet*": "qal participle, feminine singular - one who loathes/abhors/rejects", "*ʾîšāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband", "*ûḇānehā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her children", "*waʾăḥôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and sister of", "*ʾăḥôtēḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sisters", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*gāʿălû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they loathed/abhorred/rejected", "*ʾanšêhen*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their husbands", "*ûḇənêhen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - and their children", "*ʾimməḵen*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine plural suffix - your (plural) mother", "*ḥittît*": "gentilic adjective, feminine singular - Hittite woman", "*waʾăḇîḵen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine plural suffix - and your (plural) father", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Amorite man" }, "variants": { "*gōʿelet*": "one who loathes/abhors/rejects/despises", "*gāʿălû*": "they loathed/abhorred/rejected/despised", "*ḥittît*": "Hittite woman/of Hittite origin", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "Amorite man/of Amorite origin" } } 46 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.46", "source": "וַאֲחוֹתֵ֨ךְ הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה שֹֽׁמְרוֹן֙ הִ֣יא וּבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת עַל־שְׂמֹאולֵ֑ךְ וַאֲחוֹתֵ֞ךְ הַקְּטַנָּ֣ה מִמֵּ֗ךְ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֙בֶת֙ מִֽימִינֵ֔ךְ סְדֹ֖ם וּבְנוֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And your *waʾăḥôtēḵ* the *hagədôlāh* *šōmərôn* she *hîʾ* and her *ûḇənôtehā*, the *hayyôšeḇet* on *ʿal*-your *śəmōʾwlēḵ*; and your *waʾăḥôtēḵ* the *haqqəṭannāh* than *mimmēḵ*, the *hayyôšeḇet* from your *mîmînēḵ*, *sədōm* and her *ûḇənôtehā*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăḥôtēḵ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your sister", "*hagədôlāh*": "definite article + adjective, feminine singular - the older/greater", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her daughters/surrounding villages", "*hayyôšeḇet*": "definite article + qal participle, feminine singular - the one who dwells/sits", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/at", "*śəmōʾwlēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your left side/north", "*haqqəṭannāh*": "definite article + adjective, feminine singular - the younger/smaller", "*mimmēḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - than you", "*mîmînēḵ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - from your right side/south", "*sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom" }, "variants": { "*gədôlāh*": "older/greater/larger", "*yôšeḇet*": "dwelling/sitting/located at", "*śəmōʾwl*": "left side/north", "*qəṭannāh*": "younger/smaller/lesser", "*yāmîn*": "right side/south", "*bənôtehā*": "her daughters/surrounding towns and villages" } } 47 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.47", "source": "וְלֹ֤א בְדַרְכֵיהֶן֙ הָלַ֔כְתְּ וּבְתוֹעֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ן *עשיתי **עָשִׂ֑ית כִּמְעַ֣ט קָ֔ט וַתַּשְׁחִ֥תִי מֵהֵ֖ן בְּכָל־דְּרָכָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And not in *wəlōʾ* *ḇəḏarḵêhen* *hālaḵt* and in their *ûḇətôʿăḇôtêhen* *ʿāśît*; in *kiməʿaṭ* *qāṭ* and *wataš*ḥîtî* than *mēhēn* in all-your *bəḵol*-*dərāḵāyiḵ*.", "grammar": { "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḇəḏarḵêhen*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - in their ways", "*hālaḵt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you walked", "*ûḇətôʿăḇôtêhen*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - and in their abominations", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you did/acted", "*kiməʿaṭ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - as a little/almost", "*qāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - small/trifling", "*wataš*ḥîtî*": "hiphil consecutive imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you acted corruptly/were corrupted", "*mēhēn*": "preposition with 3rd feminine plural suffix - than them", "*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all of", "*dərāḵāyiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your ways" }, "variants": { "*ḏarḵêhen*": "their ways/paths/conduct", "*tôʿăḇôtêhen*": "their abominations/detestable acts", "*kiməʿaṭ* *qāṭ*": "as if that were a small thing/almost nothing/too little", "*taš*ḥîtî*": "you acted corruptly/became more corrupt/were more depraved", "*dərāḵāyiḵ*": "your ways/paths/conduct" } } 48 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.48", "source": "חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־עָֽשְׂתָה֙ סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֔ךְ הִ֖יא וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ית אַ֖תְּ וּבְנוֹתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "Living-I *ḥay*-*ʾānî*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *yəhōwih*, if-*ʾim*-*ʿāśətāh* *sədōm* your *ʾăḥôtēḵ*, she *hîʾ* and her *ûḇənôtehā*, as *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśît* you *ʾat* and your *ûḇənôtāyiḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/alive", "*ʾānî*": "personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/my Lord", "*yəhōwih*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*ʿāśətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she did/made", "*sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʾăḥôtēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sister", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her daughters/surrounding villages", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/according to what", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you did/made", "*ʾat*": "personal pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - you", "*ûḇənôtāyiḵ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your daughters/towns" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*-*ʾānî*": "as I live/as surely as I live (oath formula)", "*ʿāśətāh*": "she did/acted/committed", "*bənôtehā*": "her daughters/surrounding towns", "*bənôtāyiḵ*": "your daughters/towns under your control" } } 49 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.49", "source": "הִנֵּה־זֶ֣ה הָיָ֔ה עֲוֺ֖ן סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֑ךְ גָּא֨וֹן שִׂבְעַת־לֶ֜חֶם וְשַׁלְוַ֣ת הַשְׁקֵ֗ט הָ֤יָה לָהּ֙ וְלִבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיַד־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֖וֹן לֹ֥א הֶחֱזִֽיקָה׃", "text": "Behold-this *hinnēh*-*zeh* *hāyāh* *ʿăwōn* *sədōm* your *ʾăḥôtēḵ*: *gāʾôn* *śiḇʿat*-*leḥem* and *wəšalwat* the *hašqēṭ* *hāyāh* to her *lāh* and to her *wəliḇnôtehā*, and hand-of *wəyad*-*ʿānî* and *wəʾeḇyôn* not *lōʾ* *heḥĕzîqāh*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*ʿăwōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʾăḥôtēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sister", "*gāʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pride/arrogance", "*śiḇʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - fullness/satisfaction of", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*wəšalwat*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and abundance/ease of", "*hašqēṭ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the quiet/undisturbed rest", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her/for her", "*wəliḇnôtehā*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and to her daughters", "*wəyad*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and hand of", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*wəʾeḇyôn*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and needy", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*heḥĕzîqāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she strengthened/helped" }, "variants": { "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/sin/punishment", "*gāʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/exaltation", "*śiḇʿat*-*leḥem*": "fullness of bread/abundance of food", "*šalwat* *hašqēṭ*": "careless ease/peaceful security/prosperous tranquility", "*heḥĕzîqāh* *yad*": "she strengthened the hand/helped/supported" } } 50 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.50", "source": "וַֽתִּגְבְּהֶ֔ינָה וַתַּעֲשֶׂ֥ינָה תוֹעֵבָ֖ה לְפָנָ֑י וָאָסִ֥יר אֶתְהֶ֖ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִֽיתִי׃ ס", "text": "And *wattīgbəhênāh* and *wattaʿăśênāh* *tôʿēbāh* before *lǝpānāy*; and *wāʾāsīr* *ʾethên* according to what *rāʾîtî*.", "grammar": { "*wattīgbəhênāh*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they became proud/haughty", "*wattaʿăśênāh*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they did/made", "*tôʿēbāh*": "feminine singular noun - abomination", "*lǝpānāy*": "preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - before me/in my sight", "*wāʾāsīr*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 1st singular - and I removed/took away", "*ʾethên*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine plural suffix - them", "*rāʾîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I saw" }, "variants": { "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable thing/repulsive act", "*wattīgbəhênāh*": "they became high/proud/haughty/arrogant", "*wāʾāsīr*": "I removed/took away/destroyed", "*rāʾîtî*": "I saw/perceived/observed" } } 51 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.51", "source": "וְשֹׁ֣מְר֔וֹן כַּחֲצִ֥י חַטֹּאתַ֖יִךְ לֹ֣א חָטָ֑אָה וַתַּרְבִּ֤י אֶת־תּוֹעֲבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ מֵהֵ֔נָּה וַתְּצַדְּקִי֙ אֶת־אֲחוֹתַ֔יִךְ בְּכָל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתַ֖יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִֽׂית׃", "text": "And *šōmrôn* like half *ḥaṭṭōʾtayik* not *ḥāṭāʾāh*; and *wattarbî* *ʾet-tôʿăbôtayik* more than *mēhēnnāh*, and *watṣaddĕqî* *ʾet-ʾăḥôtayik* in all *tôʿăbôtayik* which *ʿāśît*.", "grammar": { "*šōmrôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtayik*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sins", "*ḥāṭāʾāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sinned", "*wattarbî*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you multiplied/increased", "*ʾet-tôʿăbôtayik*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your abominations", "*mēhēnnāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural pronoun - more than them", "*watṣaddĕqî*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you justified/made righteous", "*ʾet-ʾăḥôtayik*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sisters", "*tôʿăbôtayik*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your abominations", "*ʿāśît*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you did/committed" }, "variants": { "*šōmrôn*": "Samaria (capital of Northern Kingdom of Israel)", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtayik*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*wattarbî*": "you increased/multiplied/made abundant", "*tôʿăbôtayik*": "your abominations/detestable acts/repulsive deeds", "*watṣaddĕqî*": "you made to appear righteous/justified/vindicated", "*ʾăḥôtayik*": "your sisters (metaphorical for other cities/nations)" } } 52 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.52", "source": "גַּם־אַ֣תְּ ׀ שְׂאִ֣י כְלִמָּתֵ֗ךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר פִּלַּלְתְּ֙ לַֽאֲחוֹתֵ֔ךְ בְּחַטֹּאתַ֛יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־הִתְעַ֥בְתְּ מֵהֵ֖ן תִּצְדַּ֣קְנָה מִמֵּ֑ךְ וְגַם־אַ֥תְּ בּ֙וֹשִׁי֙ וּשְׂאִ֣י כְלִמָּתֵ֔ךְ בְּצַדֶּקְתֵּ֖ךְ אַחְיוֹתֵֽךְ׃", "text": "Also *gam-ʾatt* *śĕʾî* *kĕlimmātēk* which *pillalt* to *laʾăḥôtēk* in *bĕḥaṭṭōʾtayik* which *hitʿabt* more than *mēhēn* *tiṣdaqnāh* from *mimmēk*; and also *wĕgam-ʾatt* *bôšî* and *ûśĕʾî* *kĕlimmātēk* in *bĕṣaddĕqtēk* *ʾaḥyôtēk*.", "grammar": { "*gam-ʾatt*": "particle + 2nd feminine singular pronoun - also you", "*śĕʾî*": "imperative, 2nd feminine singular - bear/carry", "*kĕlimmātēk*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your shame/disgrace", "*pillalt*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you judged/decided/interceded", "*laʾăḥôtēk*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for your sisters", "*bĕḥaṭṭōʾtayik*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in/by your sins", "*hitʿabt*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular, Hithpael - you committed abominations", "*mēhēn*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural pronoun - more than them", "*tiṣdaqnāh*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they are more righteous", "*mimmēk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - than you", "*wĕgam-ʾatt*": "conjunction + particle + 2nd feminine singular pronoun - and also you", "*bôšî*": "imperative, 2nd feminine singular - be ashamed/embarrassed", "*ûśĕʾî*": "conjunction + imperative, 2nd feminine singular - and bear/carry", "*bĕṣaddĕqtēk*": "preposition + infinitive construct, Piel + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your justifying", "*ʾaḥyôtēk*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sisters" }, "variants": { "*śĕʾî*": "bear/carry/lift/endure", "*kĕlimmātēk*": "your shame/disgrace/humiliation", "*pillalt*": "you judged/decided/mediated/interceded", "*hitʿabt*": "you committed abominations/acted abominably", "*tiṣdaqnāh*": "they are more righteous/justified/vindicated", "*bôšî*": "be ashamed/embarrassed/disgraced", "*bĕṣaddĕqtēk*": "in your justifying/making righteous/vindicating" } }
• Hos 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.3.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ע֚וֹד לֵ֣ךְ אֱ‍ֽהַב־אִשָּׁ֔ה אֲהֻ֥בַת רֵ֖עַ וּמְנָאָ֑פֶת כְּאַהֲבַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהֵ֗ם פֹּנִים֙ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְאֹהֲבֵ֖י אֲשִׁישֵׁ֥י עֲנָבִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me, yet *lēk* *ʾĕhab*-*ʾiššāh* *ʾăhūbat* *rēaʿ* and-*mənāʾāpet* according-to-*ʾahăbat* *YHWH* *ʾet*-sons-of *Yiśrāʾēl* and-they *pōnîm* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and-*ʾōhăbê* *ʾăšîšê* *ʿănābîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*lēk*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*ʾĕhab*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - love", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*ʾăhūbat*": "passive participle construct, feminine singular - beloved of", "*rēaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - friend/companion/another", "*mənāʾāpet*": "piel participle, feminine singular - adulteress/committing adultery", "*ʾahăbat*": "noun construct, feminine singular - love of", "*pōnîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - turning/facing", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*ʾōhăbê*": "qal participle construct, masculine plural - lovers of", "*ʾăšîšê*": "noun construct, feminine plural - cakes of", "*ʿănābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - grapes/raisins" }, "variants": { "*rēaʿ*": "friend/companion/neighbor/another/lover", "*mənāʾāpet*": "adulteress/adulterous woman/one who commits adultery", "*pōnîm*": "turning to/facing/regarding/inclining toward", "*ʾăšîšê ʿănābîm*": "raisin cakes/grape cakes (possibly used in pagan rituals)" } }
• Hos 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.7", "source": "בַּיהוָ֣ה בָּגָ֔דוּ כִּֽי־בָנִ֥ים זָרִ֖ים יָלָ֑דוּ עַתָּ֛ה יֹאכְלֵ֥ם חֹ֖דֶשׁ אֶת־חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "Against-*YHWH* *bāḡāḏû* for-*ḇānîm* *zārîm* *yālāḏû*; *ʿattâ* *yōʾḵlēm* *ḥōḏeš* *ʾeṯ*-portions-of-them.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*bāḡāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have dealt treacherously", "*ḇānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/sons", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strange/foreign", "*yālāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have borne/begotten", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*yōʾḵlēm*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - it will devour them", "*ḥōḏeš*": "noun, masculine singular - new moon/month", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*bāḡāḏû*": "they have dealt treacherously/they have been faithless/they have betrayed", "*ḇānîm*": "children/sons", "*zārîm*": "strange/foreign/alien", "*yālāḏû*": "they have borne/they have begotten/they have given birth to", "*yōʾḵlēm*": "it will devour them/it will consume them", "*ḥōḏeš*": "new moon/month/lunar cycle" } }
• Hos 6:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.6.7", "source": "וְהֵ֕מָּה כְּאָדָ֖ם עָבְר֣וּ בְרִ֑ית שָׁ֖ם בָּ֥גְדוּ בִֽי׃", "text": "And-*hēmmāh* like-*ʾāḏām* *'āḇәrû* *bәrîṯ*; there *bāḡәḏû* against-me", "grammar": { "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*ʾāḏām*": "proper noun or collective noun - Adam/mankind", "*'āḇәrû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they transgressed/crossed over", "*bәrîṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*bāḡәḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they acted treacherously" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḏām*": "Adam [as proper name]/mankind/humans/a place name", "*'āḇәrû*": "they transgressed/they violated/they broke", "*bāḡәḏû*": "they acted treacherously/they dealt faithlessly/they betrayed" } }
• Mal 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Malachi.2.11", "source": "בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃", "text": "*bāgdâ* *Yəhûdâ* and-*tôʿēbâ* *neʿeśtâ* in-*Yiśrāʾēl* and-in-*Yərûšālāim* for *ḥillēl* *Yəhûdâ* *qōdeš* *YHWH* *ʾăšer* *ʾāhēb* and-*bāʿal* *bat*-*ʾēl* *nēkār*", "grammar": { "*bāgdâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she has dealt treacherously", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*tôʿēbâ*": "feminine singular noun - abomination", "*neʿeśtâ*": "niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she has been done/made", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has profaned", "*qōdeš*": "masculine singular construct - holiness/sanctuary of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/whom", "*ʾāhēb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has loved", "*bāʿal*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has married/possessed", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - god", "*nēkār*": "masculine singular noun - foreigner/strange" }, "variants": { "*bāgdâ*": "she has dealt treacherously/faithlessly/deceitfully", "*tôʿēbâ*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*neʿeśtâ*": "she has been done/made/performed", "*ḥillēl*": "he has profaned/defiled/polluted", "*qōdeš*": "holiness/sanctuary/holy thing of", "*ʾāhēb*": "he has loved/had affection for", "*bāʿal*": "he has married/possessed/become master of", "*bat*": "daughter/female descendant of", "*ʾēl* *nēkār*": "foreign god/strange deity" } }