Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.3", "source": "מִפְּנֵ֣י רָעָתָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי לָלֶ֣כֶת לְקַטֵּ֔ר לַעֲבֹ֖ד לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יְדָע֔וּם הֵ֖מָּה אַתֶּ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "From-face-of *rāʿātām* which *ʿāśû* to-*hakʿîsēnî* to-*lāleket* to-*qaṭṭēr* to-*ʿăbōd* to-*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm* which not *yedāʿûm* they you and-*ʾăbōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*rāʿātām*": "noun with possessive suffix, 3rd plural - their evil/wickedness", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect verb, 3rd plural - they did/made", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "hiphil infinitive with object suffix, 1st singular - to provoke me to anger", "*lāleket*": "infinitive construct with preposition - to go/walk", "*qaṭṭēr*": "piel infinitive with preposition - to burn incense/offer sacrifices", "*ʿăbōd*": "infinitive construct with preposition - to serve/worship", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "plural noun with adjective - other gods", "*yedāʿûm*": "perfect verb with object suffix, 3rd plural - they knew them", "*ʾăbōtêkem*": "plural noun with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your fathers/ancestors" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/wickedness/sin/calamity", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to vex me", "*qaṭṭēr*": "to burn incense/offer sacrifices by burning" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dette skjedde på grunn av deres onde gjerninger. De provoserte meg ved å brenne røkelse og tilbe andre guder som verken de eller deres fedre kjente til.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Dette skjedde på grunn av deres ondskap, fordi de vekket min vrede ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder som de ikke kjente, verken dere, fedrene deres eller dere selv.

• Norsk King James

  På grunn av den ondskapen de har begått for å vekke min vrede, fordi de gikk for å brenne røkelse og tilbe andre guder som de ikke kjente, verken de, dere, eller deres fedre.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  På grunn av deres ondskap, som de gjorde for å vekke min harme ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder, som de ikke kjente, verken de, dere eller deres fedre.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Dette skjedde på grunn av det onde de gjorde for å provosere meg, ved å brenne røkelse til og tilbe andre guder som verken de, dere eller fedrene deres kjente.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  på grunn av deres ondskap som de har begått for å vekke min vrede, ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder, som verken de, dere eller deres fedre kjente.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  På grunn av den ondskap de har utøvd for å gjøre meg sint, ved at de gikk til å brenne røkelse og tilbe andre guder, som de ikke kjente – verken de, dere eller deres fedre.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  på grunn av deres ondskap som de har begått for å vekke min vrede, ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder, som verken de, dere eller deres fedre kjente.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dette skjedde på grunn av deres ondskap. De gjorde meg til vrede ved å gå og brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder som hverken de, dere eller deres fedre kjente.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  This happened because of their wickedness in provoking me to anger by burning incense and worshiping other gods—gods they, you, and your ancestors did not know.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  På grunn av deres onde gjerninger som gjorde meg rasende, ved å brenne røkelse for og tjene andre guder som verken dere eller deres fedre kjente.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  for deres Ondskabs Skyld, som de gjorde til at opirre mig med, at gaae hen at gjøre Røgelse til at tjene andre Guder, hvilke de ikke kjendte, de, I, eller eders Fædre.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  på grunn av deres ondskap som de har begått for å egge meg til vrede, ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder som de ikke kjente, verken de, dere eller deres fedre.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they did not know, neither you nor your fathers.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  på grunn av deres ondskap som de har gjort for å vekke min vrede ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder som de ikke kjente, verken de, dere eller fedrene deres.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Dette skjedde på grunn av de onde gjerningene de gjorde, ved å vekke min harme ved å brenne røkelse for andre guder som de ikke kjente, de, dere og deres fedre.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  på grunn av ondskapen deres som de har begått for å vekke min vrede, ved å brenne røkelse og tjene andre guder som de ikke kjente, verken de, dere eller deres fedre.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  På grunn av det onde de har gjort, har de vekket min vrede ved å brenne røkelse til andre guder som verken var deres egne guder eller fedrenes.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  & yt because of the greate blasphemies, which they committed, to prouoke me vnto anger: In that they wente backe to do sacrifice ad worshipe vnto straunge goddes: whom nether they, ner ye, ner yor fathers haue knowne.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Because of their wickednes which they haue comitted, to prouoke me to anger in that they went to burne incense, & to serue other gods, who they knew not, neither they nor you nor your fathers.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And that because of the great blasphemies, which they commited to prouoke me vnto anger, in that they went backe to do sacrifice and worship vnto straunge gods, whom neither they, nor ye, nor your fathers haue knowen.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, [and] to serve other gods, whom they knew not, [neither] they, ye, nor your fathers.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, [and] to serve other gods, that they didn't know, neither they, nor you, nor your fathers.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  because of their wickedness that they have done, by provoking Me to anger, by going to make perfume, by serving other gods, that they knew not, they, ye, and your fathers.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, [and] to serve other gods, that they knew not, neither they, nor ye, nor your fathers.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Because of the evil which they have done, moving me to wrath by burning perfumes in worship to other gods, who were not their gods or yours or the gods of their fathers.

• World English Bible (2000)

  because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, [and] to serve other gods, that they didn't know, neither they, nor you, nor your fathers.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This happened because of the wickedness the people living there did. They made me angry by worshiping and offering sacrifice to other gods whom neither they nor you nor your ancestors previously knew.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 13:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.13.6", "source": "וְהַנָּבִ֣יא הַה֡וּא א֣וֹ חֹלֵם֩ הַחֲל֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יוּמָ֗ת כִּ֣י דִבֶּר־סָ֠רָה עַל־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֜ם הַמּוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֣ם ׀ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם וְהַפֹּֽדְךָ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים לְהַדִּֽיחֲךָ֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוְּךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֑הּ וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "And-the-*nābîʾ* the-*hahûʾ* or *ḥōlēm* the-*ḥălôm* the-*hahûʾ* shall-be-*yûmāt* because he-*dibbēr*-*sārāh* against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* the-one-*hammôṣîʾ* *ʾetkem* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* and-the-*happōdkā* from-*bêt* *ʿăbādîm* to-*lĕhaddîḥăkā* from-the-*hadderek* which *ṣiwwĕkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-*lāleket* in-her; and-you-shall-*ûbiʿartā* the-*hārāʿ* from-*miqqirbekā*.", "grammar": { "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*ḥōlēm*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - dreamer of", "*ḥălôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dream", "*yûmāt*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*sārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - rebellion/apostasy/defection", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*happōdkā*": "qal participle, masculine singular with definite article and 2nd person masculine singular suffix - the one redeeming you", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slaves/servants", "*lĕhaddîḥăkā*": "preposition lamed + hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to lead you astray", "*hadderek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the way", "*ṣiwwĕkā*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he commanded you", "*lāleket*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to walk", "*ûbiʿartā*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall purge/remove", "*hārāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*miqqirbekā*": "preposition min + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your midst" }, "variants": { "*mût*": "die/be killed/put to death", "*sārāh*": "rebellion/apostasy/turning aside", "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/bring out", "*pādāh*": "redeem/ransom/rescue", "*nādaḥ*": "lead astray/mislead/banish", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/manner", "*ṣāwāh*": "command/order/instruct", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*bāʿar*": "burn/consume/remove/purge", "*raʿ*": "evil/wicked/bad", "*qereb*": "midst/among/within" } }
• Deut 29:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.26", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑וא לְהָבִ֤יא עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַקְּלָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֥פֶר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*yiḥar*-*ʾap̄* *YHWH* against-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-that to-*hābîʾ* upon-it *ʾet*-all-the-*qᵉlālāh* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-the-*sēp̄er* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*yiḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it burned", "*ʾap̄*": "noun masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*hābîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*qᵉlālāh*": "noun feminine singular - curse", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular - book/scroll", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar*": "burned/was kindled/became hot", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*hābîʾ*": "to bring/cause to come", "*qᵉlālāh*": "curse/imprecation/execration" } }
• Deut 32:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.17", "source": "יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*yizbəḥû* *laššēdîm* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōah* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûm* *ḥădāšîm* *miqqārōḇ* *bāʾû* *lōʾ* *śəʿārûm* *ʾăḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*yizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrificed", "*laššēdîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with definite article - to the demons", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōah*": "masculine singular noun - God/god", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "masculine plural adjective - new ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from recently", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*śəʿārûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they dreaded them", "*ʾăḇōṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrificed/they offered/they slaughtered", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods", "*lōʾ ʾĕlōah*": "not God/no god/godless things", "*yədāʿûm*": "they knew them/they were acquainted with them/they recognized them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "new ones/newcomers/recent ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "from recently/from nearby/lately", "*bāʾû*": "they came/they arrived/they appeared", "*śəʿārûm*": "they dreaded them/they feared them/they were terrified of them" } }
• Jer 44:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.8", "source": "לְהַכְעִסֵ֙נִי֙ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י יְדֵיכֶ֔ם לְקַטֵּ֞ר לֵאלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם בָּאִ֖ים לָג֣וּר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְרִ֣ית לָכֶ֔ם וּלְמַ֤עַן הֱיֽוֹתְכֶם֙ לִקְלָלָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "To-*hakʿîsēnî* in-*maʿăśê yedêkem* to-*qaṭṭēr* to-*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm* in-*ʾereṣ miṣrayim* which-you *bāʾîm* to-*lāgûr* there to-*maʿan* *hakrît* to-you and-to-*maʿan* *hĕyôtekem* to-*qelālāh* and-to-*ḥerpāh* in-all *gôyê hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hakʿîsēnî*": "hiphil infinitive with object suffix, 1st singular - to provoke me to anger", "*maʿăśê yedêkem*": "construct chain - works of your hands", "*qaṭṭēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to burn incense/offer sacrifices", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "noun with adjective - other gods", "*ʾereṣ miṣrayim*": "construct chain - land of Egypt", "*bāʾîm*": "participle, masculine plural - coming/entering", "*lāgûr*": "infinitive construct - to sojourn/dwell temporarily", "*maʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*hakrît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off", "*hĕyôtekem*": "infinitive construct with possessive suffix, 2nd plural - your becoming", "*qelālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - curse", "*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace", "*gôyê hāʾāreṣ*": "construct chain - nations of the earth" }, "variants": { "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to vex me", "*maʿăśê yedêkem*": "works of your hands/your deeds", "*qaṭṭēr*": "to burn incense/offer sacrifices by burning", "*lāgûr*": "to sojourn/dwell temporarily/live as foreigners", "*qelālāh*": "curse/cursing/execration", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/taunt/insult" } }
• Ezek 8:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.8.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָם֒ הֲנָקֵל֙ לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה מֵעֲשׂ֕וֹת אֶת־הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽשׂוּ־פֹ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלְא֨וּ אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ חָמָ֗ס וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי וְהִנָּ֛ם שֹׁלְחִ֥ים אֶת־הַזְּמוֹרָ֖ה אֶל־אַפָּֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to-me *hărāʾîtā* *ben-ʾādām* *hănāqēl* to-*bêt* *yĕhûdāh* from-*ʿăśôt* *ʾet*-the-*tôʿēbôt* which *ʿāśû*-here for-*kî*-they-*mālʾû* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥāmās* and-*wayyāšubû* to-*haḵĕʿîsēnî* and-*hinnām* *šōlĕḥîm* *ʾet*-the-*zĕmôrāh* to-*ʾappām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*hărāʾîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - have you seen", "*ben-ʾādām*": "construct form - son of man", "*hănāqēl*": "Qal infinitive absolute with interrogative he - is it light/trivial", "*bêt*": "construct form - house of", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*tôʿēbôt*": "feminine plural noun - abominations", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they did/made", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they filled", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land/earth", "*ḥāmās*": "masculine singular noun - violence", "*wayyāšubû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they returned", "*haḵĕʿîsēnî*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person common singular suffix - to provoke me", "*hinnām*": "demonstrative particle with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - behold they", "*šōlĕḥîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - sending", "*zĕmôrāh*": "feminine singular noun - branch/twig", "*ʾappām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their nose" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded", "*hărāʾîtā*": "have you seen/observed/noticed", "*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human/Adam (as title for prophet)", "*hănāqēl*": "is it light/trivial/insignificant", "*bêt*": "house/household/family", "*yĕhûdāh*": "Judah (tribe/kingdom)", "*ʿăśôt*": "to do/make/perform", "*tôʿēbôt*": "abominations/detestable things/offensive practices", "*ʿāśû*": "they did/made/performed", "*kî*": "for/because/that", "*mālʾû*": "they filled/completed/satisfied", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice", "*wayyāšubû*": "and they returned/turned back/repeated", "*haḵĕʿîsēnî*": "to provoke/irritate/anger me", "*hinnām*": "behold they/look they are", "*šōlĕḥîm*": "sending/stretching out/extending", "*zĕmôrāh*": "branch/twig/shoot (possible ritual object)", "*ʾappām*": "their nose/nostril/face" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.8.18", "source": "וְגַם־אֲנִי֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה בְחֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֖י וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמֹ֑ל וְקָרְא֤וּ בְאָזְנַי֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁמַ֖ע אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And-also-I *ʾeʿĕśeh* in-*ḥēmāh* not-*tāḥôs* *ʿênî* and-not *ʾeḥmōl* and-*qārʾû* in-*ʾoznay* *qôl* *gādôl* and-not *ʾešmaʿ* them.", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will do/act", "*ḥēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wrath/fury", "*tāḥôs*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will spare/pity", "*ʿênî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person common singular suffix - my eye", "*ʾeḥmōl*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will have compassion", "*qārʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they will call/cry out", "*ʾoznay*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person common singular suffix - my ears", "*qôl*": "masculine singular noun - voice/sound", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/loud", "*ʾešmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will hear" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/act/make", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*tāḥôs*": "it will spare/pity/show mercy", "*ʿênî*": "my eye/sight/look", "*ʾeḥmōl*": "I will have compassion/pity/mercy", "*qārʾû*": "they will call/cry out/proclaim", "*ʾoznay*": "my ears/hearing", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*gādôl*": "great/loud/mighty", "*ʾešmaʿ*": "I will hear/listen/obey" } }
• Neh 9:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.33", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה צַדִּ֔יק עַ֖ל כָּל־הַבָּ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־אֱמֶ֥ת עָשִׂ֖יתָ וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃", "text": "And-you are *ṣaddîq* concerning all-*hab-bāʾ* upon-us, for-*ʾĕmeṯ* you-*ʿāśîṯā* and-we *hiršāʿnû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective - righteous/just", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/regarding", "*kāl-hab-bāʾ*": "noun + definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - all that has come", "*ʿālênû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - upon us", "*kî-ʾĕmeṯ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - for truth", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you have done", "*wa-ʾănaḥnû*": "conjunction + 1st person plural pronoun - and we", "*hiršāʿnû*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person plural - we have acted wickedly" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/correct", "*bāʾ*": "come/happened/befallen", "*ʾĕmeṯ*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "done/acted/performed", "*hiršāʿnû*": "acted wickedly/done wrong/been guilty" } }
• Jer 2:17-19 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.17", "source": "הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ עָזְבֵךְ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ בְּעֵ֖ת מוֹלִיכֵ֥ךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*Hălôʾ*-*zōʾt* *taʿăśeh*-*lāk* *ʿāzəbēk* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhayik* *bə-ʿēt* *môlîkēk* *ba-dārek*", "grammar": { "*Hălôʾ*-*zōʾt*": "interrogative particle + negative particle + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - is not this", "*taʿăśeh*-*lāk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - it does to you", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your forsaking", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + divine name - YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhayik*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your God", "*bə-ʿēt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in time of", "*môlîkēk*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - his leading you", "*ba-dārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the way" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśeh*": "it does/it brings/it causes", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "your forsaking/your abandoning/your leaving", "*ʾĕlōhayik*": "your God", "*ʿēt*": "time/period/season", "*môlîkēk*": "his leading you/his guiding you/his bringing you", "*dārek*": "way/path/road/journey" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.18", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֣י שִׁח֑וֹר וּמַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֥י נָהָֽר׃", "text": "*Wə-ʿattāh* *mah*-*lāk* *lə-derek* *Miṣrayim* *lištôt* *mê* *šiḥôr* *û-mah*-*lāk* *lə-derek* *ʾAššûr* *lištôt* *mê* *nāhār*", "grammar": { "*Wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*mah*-*lāk*": "interrogative pronoun + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what to you", "*lə-derek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to way of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lištôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*šiḥôr*": "proper noun - Shihor/Nile", "*û-mah*-*lāk*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and what to you", "*lə-derek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to way of", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*lištôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river" }, "variants": { "*mah*-*lāk*": "what is it to you/what business have you/what profit for you", "*derek*": "way/road/path/journey", "*lištôt*": "to drink/for drinking", "*mê*": "waters of/water from", "*šiḥôr*": "Shihor/Nile/Black River", "*nāhār*": "river/Euphrates" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.19", "source": "תְּיַסְּרֵ֣ךְ רָעָתֵ֗ךְ וּמְשֻֽׁבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ תּוֹכִחֻ֔ךְ וּדְעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ כִּי־רַ֣ע וָמָ֔ר עָזְבֵ֖ךְ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ וְלֹ֤א פַחְדָּתִי֙ אֵלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "*təyassərēk* *rāʿātēk* *ūməšubôtayik* *tôkiḥuk* *ūdəʿî* *ūrəʾî* *kî*-*raʿ* *wāmār* *ʿāzəbēk* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhāyik* *wəlōʾ* *paḥdātî* *ʾēlayik* *nəʾum*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*", "grammar": { "*təyassərēk*": "imperfect Piel, 3rd feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - will discipline/chastise you", "*rāʿātēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your evil/wickedness", "*ūməšubôtayik*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your backslidings/apostasies", "*tôkiḥuk*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - they will rebuke/reprove you", "*ūdəʿî*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and know!", "*ūrəʾî*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and see!", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*wāmār*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and bitter", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "infinitive construct Qal with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your forsaking", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your God", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*paḥdātî*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - my fear/dread", "*ʾēlayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to/toward you", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration/oracle of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*təyassərēk*": "will discipline/chastise/correct/punish you", "*rāʿātēk*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*məšubôtayik*": "your backslidings/apostasies/rebellions", "*tôkiḥuk*": "will rebuke/reprove/correct/convict you", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/harmful", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "your forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*paḥdātî*": "my fear/dread/terror", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
• Dan 9:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Daniel.9.5", "source": "חָטָ֥אנוּ וְעָוִ֖ינוּ *והרשענו **הִרְשַׁ֣עְנוּ וּמָרָ֑דְנוּ וְס֥וֹר מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖ךָ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*ḥāṭāʾnû* and *ʿāwînû* and *hiršaʿnû* and *mārāḏnû* and *sôr* from *miṣwōṯeḵā* and from *mišpāṭeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have sinned", "*ʿāwînû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have committed iniquity", "*hiršaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, hiphil - we have done wickedly", "*mārāḏnû*": "perfect, 1st plural, qal - we have rebelled", "*sôr*": "infinitive absolute, qal - turning away", "*miṣwōṯeḵā*": "noun, feminine, plural with 2ms suffix - your commandments", "*mišpāṭeḵā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2ms suffix - your judgments/ordinances" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾnû*": "we have sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*ʿāwînû*": "we have committed iniquity/twisted/perverted", "*hiršaʿnû*": "we have acted wickedly/done wrong/been guilty", "*mārāḏnû*": "we have rebelled/been disobedient/revolted", "*sôr*": "turning away/departing/deviating", "*mišpāṭeḵā*": "your judgments/ordinances/laws" } }
• Zech 7:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Zechariah.7.12", "source": "וְלִבָּ֞ם שָׂ֣מוּ שָׁמִ֗יר מִ֠שְּׁמוֹעַ אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֤ה וְאֶת־הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֜ח יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בְּרוּח֔וֹ בְּיַ֖ד הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים וַֽיְהִי֙ קֶ֣צֶף גָּד֔וֹל מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wə-libbām śāmû šāmîr* from *miššəmôaʿ* *ʾeṯ-hattôrāh* and *ʾeṯ-haddəḇārîm* which *šālaḥ YHWH ṣəḇāʾôṯ* in *bərûḥô* by hand the *nəḇîʾîm hārîʾšōnîm*. And *wa-yəhî qeṣep̄ gāḏôl* from *mēʾēṯ YHWH ṣəḇāʾôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-libbām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their heart", "*śāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made/set", "*šāmîr*": "noun, masculine singular - adamant stone/diamond/flint", "*miššəmôaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from hearing", "*ʾeṯ-hattôrāh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the law", "*ʾeṯ-haddəḇārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine plural - the words", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - sent", "*bərûḥô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - by his spirit", "*nəḇîʾîm hārîʾšōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the former prophets", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and there was/came", "*qeṣep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - wrath/anger", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*mēʾēṯ*": "preposition + preposition - from with" }, "variants": { "*libbām*": "their heart/their mind", "*šāmîr*": "adamant stone/diamond/flint (metaphor for hardness)", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*bərûḥô*": "by his spirit/through his spirit", "*qeṣep̄*": "wrath/anger/indignation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Zechariah.7.13", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י כַאֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֖א וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ כֵּ֤ן יִקְרְאוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֔ע אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* as which *qārāʾ* and not *šāmēʿû*, so *kēn yiqrəʾû* and not *ʾešmāʿ*, *ʾāmar YHWH ṣəḇāʾôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*qārāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he called", "*šāmēʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they heard/listened", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*yiqrəʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*ʾešmāʿ*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will hear/listen", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*qārāʾ*": "he called/he cried out/he proclaimed", "*šāmēʿû*": "they heard/they listened/they obeyed", "*yiqrəʾû*": "they will call/they would call/they call out", "*ʾešmāʿ*": "I will hear/I will listen/I will pay attention" } }
• Jer 4:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.17", "source": "כְּשֹׁמְרֵ֣י שָׂדַ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּי־אֹתִ֥י מָרָ֖תָה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Like *šōmərê* *śāday* they *hāyû* against her from *sābîb*; for me *mārātāh*, *nəʾum*-*Yhwh*", "grammar": { "*šōmərê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - keepers of", "*śāday*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were/became", "*sābîb*": "masculine singular noun/adverb - around/surrounding", "*mārātāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she rebelled against", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*šōmərê*": "keepers/watchers/guards", "*śāday*": "field/countryside/open land", "*hāyû*": "were/became/came to be", "*sābîb*": "around/surrounding/on every side", "*mārātāh*": "rebelled against/defied/was rebellious toward", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.18", "source": "דַּרְכֵּךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְ עָשׂ֥וֹ אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ זֹ֤את רָעָתֵךְ֙ כִּ֣י מָ֔ר כִּ֥י נָגַ֖ע עַד־לִבֵּֽךְ׃ ס", "text": "Your *darəkēḵ* and your *maʿălālayiḵ* *ʿāśû* *ʾēlleh* to you; *zōʾt* your *rāʿātēḵ* for *mār*, for *nāgaʿ* to your *libbēḵ*", "grammar": { "*darəkēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*maʿălālayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your deeds", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done/made", "*ʾēlleh*": "common plural demonstrative pronoun - these things", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your evil", "*mār*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter", "*nāgaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has reached/touched", "*libbēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your heart" }, "variants": { "*darəkēḵ*": "your way/path/conduct", "*maʿălālayiḵ*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*ʿāśû*": "done/made/caused", "*ʾēlleh*": "these things/these", "*zōʾt*": "this/this is", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*nāgaʿ*": "reached/touched/struck", "*libbēḵ*": "your heart/mind/inner self" } }
• Jer 5:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.19", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּ֣י תֹאמְר֔וּ תַּ֣חַת מֶ֗ה עָשָׂ֨ה יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ לָ֖נוּ אֶת־כָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עֲזַבְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ וַתַּעַבְד֞וּ אֱלֹהֵ֤י נֵכָר֙ בְּאַרְצְכֶ֔ם כֵּ֚ן תַּעַבְד֣וּ זָרִ֔ים בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֥א לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And it will *hāyâ* when you *tō'mərû*, \"because *meh* *'āśâ* *YHWH* our *'ĕlōhênû* to us *'et*-all-these?\"; and you shall *'āmartā* to them, \"as which you *'ăzabtem* me and you *watta'abdû* *'ĕlōhê* *nēkār* in your *'arṣəkem*, so you shall *ta'abdû* *zārîm* in *'ereṣ* not to you.\"", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/that", "*tō'mərû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will say", "*taḥat*": "preposition - because/instead of", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*'āśâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st plural suffix - our God", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st plural suffix - to us", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*'ēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*'āmartā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will say", "*'ălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ka'ăšer*": "conjunction - as/just as", "*'ăzabtem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you forsook", "*'ôtî*": "direct object marker + 1st singular suffix - me", "*watta'abdû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you served", "*'ĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*nēkār*": "noun, masculine singular - foreignness/foreign", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*'arṣəkem*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your land", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ta'abdû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will serve", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strangers/foreigners", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you/yours" }, "variants": { "*'ĕlōhê nēkār*": "foreign gods/gods of foreigners/strange gods", "*ta'abdû*": "you will serve/be slaves to", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/others", "*'ereṣ lō' lākem*": "land not yours/strange country" } }
• Jer 5:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.29", "source": "הַֽעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לֹֽא־אֶפְקֹ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה אִ֚ם בְּג֣וֹי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃ ס", "text": "?Upon-these not-I will *'epqōd* *nə'um*-*YHWH*; if on *gôy* that-like this not *titnaqēm* my *napšî*.", "grammar": { "*ha*": "interrogative prefix - ?", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/for", "*'ēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*'epqōd*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will visit/punish", "*nə'um*": "construct noun - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*'im*": "conditional particle - if", "*bə*": "preposition - in/by", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*kāzeh*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun - like this", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*titnaqēm*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, hithpael - she will avenge herself", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my soul" }, "variants": { "*'epqōd*": "I will visit/punish/take account", "*nə'um*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*titnaqēm*": "avenge herself/take vengeance", "*napšî*": "my soul/self/being" } }
• Jer 7:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.19", "source": "הַאֹתִ֛י הֵ֥ם מַכְעִסִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הֲל֣וֹא אֹתָ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן בֹּ֥שֶׁת פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "?*ha-ʾōtî hēm makʿîsîm nəʾum-YHWH* ?*hălôʾ ʾōtām* for-*bōšet pənêhem*.", "grammar": { "*ha-ʾōtî*": "interrogative particle + direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - is it me?", "*hēm*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*makʿîsîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - provoking to anger", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not?", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun - shame", "*pənêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their faces" }, "variants": { "*makʿîsîm*": "provoking to anger/vexing/irritating", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/utterance of the LORD", "*bōšet*": "shame/humiliation/disgrace" } }
• Jer 9:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־עָזְבָם֙ אֶת־תּ֣וֹרָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֥וּ בְקוֹלִ֖י וְלֹא־הָ֥לְכוּ בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wayyō'mer* *YHWH* for-*'āzĕbām* *'et*-*tôrātî* *'ăšer* *nātattî* before-*pĕnêhem* *wĕlō'*-*šāmĕ'û* in-*qôlî* *wĕlō'*-*hālĕkû* in-*bāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'āzĕbām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed preposition - for their forsaking", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*tôrātî*": "feminine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my law", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*nātattî*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular - I gave", "*pĕnêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed preposition - before them", "*wĕlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmĕ'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they listened", "*qôlî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition - to my voice", "*hālĕkû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they walked", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*wayyō'mer*": "and he said/spoke/answered", "*'āzĕbām*": "their forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*tôrātî*": "my law/instruction/teaching", "*nātattî*": "I gave/set/placed", "*pĕnêhem*": "before them/in their presence", "*šāmĕ'û*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "my voice/word/command", "*hālĕkû*": "they walked/went/followed", "*bāh*": "in it/by it/according to it" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.13", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ אַחֲרֵ֖י שְׁרִר֣וּת לִבָּ֑ם וְאַחֲרֵי֙ הַבְּעָלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִמְּד֖וּם אֲבוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyēlĕkû* after *šĕrîrût* *libbām* and-after *habbĕ'ālîm* *'ăšer* *limdûm* *'ăbôtām*", "grammar": { "*wayyēlĕkû*": "waw consecutive + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - and they walked", "*šĕrîrût*": "feminine noun, construct state - stubbornness of", "*libbām*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*habbĕ'ālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Baals", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*limdûm*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they taught them", "*'ăbôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers" }, "variants": { "*wayyēlĕkû*": "and they walked/went/followed", "*šĕrîrût*": "stubbornness/hardness/imagination", "*libbām*": "their heart/mind/inner self", "*habbĕ'ālîm*": "the Baals/false gods/idols", "*limdûm*": "they taught them/instructed them/trained them", "*'ăbôtām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.14", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֧י מַאֲכִילָ֛ם אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה לַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְהִשְׁקִיתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "*lākēn* thus-*'āmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbā'ôt* *'ĕlōhê* *yiśrā'ēl* *hinĕnî* *ma'ăkîlām* *'et*-*hā'ām* *hazzeh* *la'ănāh* *wĕhišqîtîm* *mê*-*rō'š*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*'āmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - of hosts", "*'ĕlōhê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - God of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hinĕnî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*ma'ăkîlām*": "participle, masculine singular, hiphil with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - feeding them", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*hā'ām*": "masculine noun with definite article - the people", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective with definite article - this", "*la'ănāh*": "feminine noun - wormwood", "*wĕhišqîtîm*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular, hiphil with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will make them drink", "*mê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - waters of", "*rō'š*": "masculine noun - poison/gall" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/for this reason", "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "of hosts/armies/multitudes", "*'ĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*hinĕnî*": "behold me/look, I am/here I am", "*ma'ăkîlām*": "feeding them/causing them to eat", "*hā'ām hazzeh*": "this people/these people", "*la'ănāh*": "wormwood/bitterness/poison plant", "*wĕhišqîtîm*": "and I will make them drink/give them to drink", "*mê-rō'š*": "waters of poison/poisonous water/bitter water" } }
• Jer 11:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.11.17", "source": "וַיהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ הַנּוֹטֵ֣עַ אוֹתָ֔ךְ דִּבֶּ֥ר עָלַ֖יִךְ רָעָ֑ה בִּ֠גְלַל רָעַ֨ת בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם לְהַכְעִסֵ֖נִי לְקַטֵּ֥ר לַבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And-*yhwh* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *hannôṭēaʿ* you *dibbēr* against-you *rāʿāh* because-of *rāʿat* *bêt*-*yiśrāʾēl* and-*bêt*-*yĕhûdāh* which *ʿāśû* to-themselves to-*hakʿîsēnî* to-*qaṭṭēr* to-*baʿal*.", "grammar": { "*yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*hannôṭēaʿ*": "definite Qal participle, masculine singular - the one planting", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke/pronounced", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*rāʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - evil of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they did", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - to provoke me", "*qaṭṭēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - to burn incense", "*baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal" }, "variants": { "*yhwh ṣĕbāʾôt*": "YHWH of hosts/LORD of armies", "*hannôṭēaʿ*": "the one planting/the one who planted/the planter", "*dibbēr rāʿāh*": "pronounced disaster/decreed calamity/spoken evil", "*hakʿîsēnî*": "to provoke me/to anger me/to vex me", "*qaṭṭēr*": "to burn incense/to offer sacrifice/to make offerings" } }
• Jer 16:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.16.11", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם עַל֩ אֲשֶׁר־עָזְב֨וּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֤ם אוֹתִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיַּעַבְד֖וּם וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֹתִ֣י עָזָ֔בוּ וְאֶת־תּוֹרָתִ֖י לֹ֥א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmartā* to-them: Because *ʾăšer*-*ʿāzḇû* *ʾăḇôṯêḵem* *ʾôṯî* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* and-*wayyēləḵû* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and-*wayyaʿaḇḏûm* and-*wayyištaḥăwû* to-them and-me *ʿāzāḇû* and-*ʾeṯ*-*tôrāṯî* not *šāmārû*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʿāzḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forsook/abandoned", "*ʾăḇôṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*ʾôṯî*": "direct object marker + 1st person singular suffix - me", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyēləḵû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other/foreign", "*wayyaʿaḇḏûm*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they served them", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "hishtaphel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down", "*ʿāzāḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forsook/abandoned", "*tôrāṯî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my law/instruction", "*šāmārû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they kept/observed" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzaḇ*": "forsake/abandon/leave", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*šāmar*": "keep/observe/guard" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.16.12", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֛ם הֲרֵעֹתֶ֥ם לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת מֵאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִנְּכֶ֣ם הֹלְכִ֗ים אִ֚ישׁ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ שְׁרִר֣וּת לִבּֽוֹ־הָרָ֔ע לְבִלְתִּ֖י שְׁמֹ֥עַ אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "And-you *hărēʿōṯem* to-*laʿăśôṯ* more-than-*ʾăḇôṯêḵem* and-behold-you *hōləḵîm* each-one after *šərirûṯ* *libbô*-*hā-rāʿ* to-*ḇiltî* *šəmōʿa* to-me", "grammar": { "*hărēʿōṯem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have done evil", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ʾăḇôṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*hōləḵîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - walking/going", "*šərirûṯ*": "feminine singular construct - stubbornness of", "*libbô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*hā-rāʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil", "*ḇiltî*": "conjunction - to not/without", "*šəmōʿa*": "qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen" }, "variants": { "*hărēʿōṯem*": "done evil/acted wickedly", "*šərirûṯ*": "stubbornness/hardness/imagination", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person" } }
• Jer 19:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.19.3", "source": "וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ שִׁמְע֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֤יא רָעָה֙ עַל־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּל־שֹׁמְעָ֖הּ תִּצַּ֥לְנָה אָזְנָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmartā* *šimʿû* *dəḇar*-*Yhwh* *malḵê* *Yəhûdāh* and-*yōšḇê* *Yərûšālāim*; thus-*ʾāmar* *Yhwh* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *hinənî* *mēḇîʾ* *rāʿāh* upon-the-*māqôm* the-this, *ʾăšer* all-*šōməʿāh* *tiṣṣalnāh* *ʾoznāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall say", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/YHWH", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yōšḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me", "*mēḇîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*šōməʿāh*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - hearing it", "*tiṣṣalnāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will tingle", "*ʾoznāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ears" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "say/speak/tell", "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter", "*malḵê*": "kings/rulers", "*yōšḇê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am", "*mēḇîʾ*": "bringing/causing to come", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/disaster/misfortune", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*šōməʿāh*": "hearing it/listening to it", "*tiṣṣalnāh*": "will tingle/ring/buzz", "*ʾoznāyw*": "his ears" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.19.4", "source": "יַ֣עַן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָבֻ֗נִי וַֽיְנַכְּר֞וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וַיְקַטְּרוּ־בוֹ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יְדָע֛וּם הֵ֥מָּה וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם וּמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמָֽלְא֛וּ אֶת־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה דַּ֥ם נְקִיִּֽם׃", "text": "*Yaʿan* *ʾăšer* *ʿăzāḇûnî* and-*yənakkərû* *ʾeṯ*-the-*māqôm* the-this and-*yəqaṭṭərû*-in-it to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *ʾăšer* not-*yəḏāʿûm* they and-*ʾăḇôṯêhem* and-*malḵê* *Yəhûdāh*; and-*mālʾû* *ʾeṯ*-the-*māqôm* the-this *dam* *nəqiyyîm*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿăzāḇûnî*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 1st common singular suffix - they have forsaken me", "*yənakkərû*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - they have estranged/alienated", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*yəqaṭṭərû*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - they have burned incense", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*yəḏāʿûm*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ʾăḇôṯêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*mālʾû*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they have filled", "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*nəqiyyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - innocent ones" }, "variants": { "*yaʿan*": "because/since/on account of", "*ʿăzāḇûnî*": "forsaken me/abandoned me/left me", "*yənakkərû*": "estranged/alienated/treated as foreign", "*yəqaṭṭərû*": "burn incense/offer sacrifice/make offerings", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/strange/foreign", "*yəḏāʿûm*": "knew them/recognized them", "*ʾăḇôṯêhem*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*mālʾû*": "filled/loaded/satisfied", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed", "*nəqiyyîm*": "innocent ones/blameless ones" } }
• Jer 22:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.9", "source": "׃22 9 וְאָ֣מְר֔וּ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽזְב֔וּ אֶת־בְּרִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֛וּ לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים וַיַּעַבְדֽוּם׃ ס", "text": "And *ʾāmᵉrû*, because *ʾašer* *ʿāzᵉbû* *ʾet-bᵉrît* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* and *yištaḥăwû* to *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and *yaʿabdûm*.", "grammar": { "*wᵉ-ʾāmᵉrû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd common plural with waw consecutive, qal - and they will say", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because", "*ʾašer*": "relative pronoun - that/which/because", "*ʿāzᵉbû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural, qal - they forsook", "*ʾet-bᵉrît*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the covenant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*way-yištaḥăwû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd common plural with waw consecutive, hishtaphel - and they bowed down", "*lē-ʾĕlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*way-yaʿabdûm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd common plural with waw consecutive, qal + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they served them" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzᵉbû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*bᵉrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*yištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshiped", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities/divine beings", "*yaʿabdûm*": "they served them/worked for them/worshiped them" } }
• Ezek 9:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.9.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י עֲוֺ֨ן בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ גָּדוֹל֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דָּמִ֔ים וְהָעִ֖יר מָלְאָ֣ה מֻטֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י אָמְר֗וּ עָזַ֤ב יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין יְהוָ֖ה רֹאֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer ʾēlay ʿăwōn bêt-yiśrāʾēl wîhûdāh gādôl bimʾōd mĕʾōd*, and *wattimmālēʾ hāʾāreṣ dāmîm*, and *hāʿîr mālĕʾāh muṭṭeh*; for *kî ʾāmrû ʿāzab YHWH* *ʾet-hāʾāreṣ wĕʾên YHWH rōʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - to me", "*ʿăwōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wîhûdāh*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*bimʾōd mĕʾōd*": "preposition + adverb + adverb - exceedingly great", "*wattimmālēʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it is filled", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - blood/bloodshed", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*mālĕʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is full of", "*muṭṭeh*": "hophal participle, masculine singular - perversion/injustice", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāmrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they say", "*ʿāzab*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has forsaken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*wĕʾên*": "waw-conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*rōʾeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seeing" }, "variants": { "*muṭṭeh*": "perversion/injustice/perversity/crookedness", "*ʿāzab*": "has forsaken/has abandoned/has left" } }
• Ezek 22:25-31 : 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.25", "source": "קֶ֤שֶׁר נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ כַּאֲרִ֥י שׁוֹאֵ֖ג טֹ֣רֵֽף טָ֑רֶף נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָכָ֗לוּ חֹ֤סֶן וִיקָר֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ אַלְמְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ הִרְבּ֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Qešer* her *nəḇîʾeyhā* in *tôḵāh*, like the *ʾărî* *šôʾēḡ* *ṭōrēp̄* *ṭārep̄*; *nep̄eš* they *ʾāḵālû*, *ḥōsen* and *yəqār* they *yiqqāḥû*, her *ʾalmenôṯeyhā* they *hirbû* in *ṯôḵāh*", "grammar": { "*qešer*": "masculine singular noun - 'conspiracy'", "*nəḇîʾeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her prophets'", "*tôḵāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*ʾărî*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the lion'", "*šôʾēḡ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'roaring'", "*ṭōrēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'tearing'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*nep̄eš*": "feminine singular noun - 'soul/life'", "*ʾāḵālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they devoured'", "*ḥōsen*": "masculine singular noun - 'wealth'", "*yəqār*": "masculine singular noun - 'precious thing'", "*yiqqāḥû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - 'they take'", "*ʾalmenôṯeyhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her widows'", "*hirbû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they increased'" }, "variants": { "*qešer*": "conspiracy/plot/alliance", "*šôʾēḡ*": "roaring/growling", "*ṭōrēp̄*": "tearing/rending/ravening", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person", "*ḥōsen*": "wealth/treasure/riches", "*yəqār*": "precious thing/value/splendor", "*hirbû*": "increased/multiplied/made many" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.26", "source": "כֹּהֲנֶ֜יהָ חָמְס֣וּ תוֹרָתִי֮ וַיְחַלְּל֣וּ קָדָשַׁי֒ בֵּֽין־קֹ֤דֶשׁ לְחֹל֙ לֹ֣א הִבְדִּ֔ילוּ וּבֵין־הַטָּמֵ֥א לְטָה֖וֹר לֹ֣א הוֹדִ֑יעוּ וּמִשַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ הֶעְלִ֣ימוּ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם וָאֵחַ֖ל בְּתוֹכָֽם׃", "text": "Her *kōhăneyhā* *ḥāməsû* my *tôrāṯî* and *wayəḥalləlû* my *qāḏāšay*; between-*qōḏeš* to *ḥōl* not they *hiḇdîlû*, and between-the *ṭāmēʾ* to *ṭāhôr* not they *hôḏîʿû*; and from my *šabbəṯôṯay* they *heʿlîmû* their *ʿênêhem*, and I am *ʾēḥal* in *tôḵām*", "grammar": { "*kōhăneyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her priests'", "*ḥāməsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they did violence to'", "*tôrāṯî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my law'", "*wayəḥalləlû*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - 'they profaned'", "*qāḏāšay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my holy things'", "*qōḏeš*": "masculine singular noun - 'holy'", "*ḥōl*": "masculine singular noun - 'common/profane'", "*hiḇdîlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they distinguished'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the unclean'", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'clean'", "*hôḏîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they made known'", "*šabbəṯôṯay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my sabbaths'", "*heʿlîmû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they hid'", "*ʿênêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their eyes'", "*ʾēḥal*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - 'I am profaned'", "*tôḵām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their midst'" }, "variants": { "*ḥāməsû*": "did violence to/violated/treated violently", "*qāḏāšay*": "my holy things/my sacred things/my sanctuary", "*hiḇdîlû*": "distinguished/separated/made a distinction", "*hôḏîʿû*": "made known/taught/informed", "*heʿlîmû*": "hid/concealed/averted", "*ʾēḥal*": "am profaned/am dishonored/am desecrated" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.27", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ כִּזְאֵבִ֖ים טֹ֣רְפֵי טָ֑רֶף לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ לְאַבֵּ֣ד נְפָשׁ֔וֹת לְמַ֖עַן בְּצֹ֥עַ בָּֽצַע׃", "text": "Her *śāreyhā* in *qirbāh* like *zəʾēḇîm* *ṭōrəp̄ê* *ṭārep̄*; to *lišpāḵ*-*dām*, to *ʾabbēḏ* *nəp̄āšôṯ*, for *ləmaʿan* *bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*", "grammar": { "*śāreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her princes'", "*qirbāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*zəʾēḇîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'wolves'", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - 'tearing of'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*lišpāḵ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to shed'", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - 'blood'", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "piel infinitive construct - 'to destroy'", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - 'souls/lives'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - 'for the purpose of'", "*bəṣōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to gain'", "*bāṣaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'profit/gain'" }, "variants": { "*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her rulers", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "tearing of/rending of/ravening", "*ṭārep̄*": "prey/torn flesh", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/to cause to perish", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "souls/lives/persons", "*bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*": "to gain unjust gain/to make dishonest profit" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.28", "source": "וּנְבִיאֶ֗יהָ טָח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ תָּפֵ֔ל חֹזִ֣ים שָׁ֔וְא וְקֹסְמִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם כָּזָ֑ב אֹמְרִ֗ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א דִבֵּֽר׃", "text": "And her *nəḇîʾeyhā* *ṭāḥû* for them *tāp̄ēl*, *ḥōzîm* *šāwəʾ* and *qōsəmîm* for them *kāzāḇ*; *ʾōmərîm*, thus *ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*, though *YHWH* has not *dibbēr*", "grammar": { "*nəḇîʾeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her prophets'", "*ṭāḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they plastered'", "*tāp̄ēl*": "masculine singular noun - 'whitewash/untempered mortar'", "*ḥōzîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'seeing'", "*šāwəʾ*": "masculine singular noun - 'falsehood/vanity'", "*qōsəmîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'divining'", "*kāzāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - 'lie'", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'saying'", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he said'", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st plural suffix as divine title - 'my Lord'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he has spoken'" }, "variants": { "*ṭāḥû*": "plastered/coated/daubed", "*tāp̄ēl*": "whitewash/untempered mortar/plaster", "*šāwəʾ*": "falsehood/vanity/emptiness", "*qōsəmîm*": "divining/practicing divination", "*kāzāḇ*": "lie/falsehood/deception" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.29", "source": "עַ֤ם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ עָ֣שְׁקוּ עֹ֔שֶׁק וְגָזְל֖וּ גָּזֵ֑ל וְעָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנ֔וּ וְאֶת־הַגֵּ֥ר עָשְׁק֖וּ בְּלֹ֥א מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "*ʿAm* the *ʾāreṣ* *ʿāšəqû* *ʿōšeq* and *ḡāzəlû* *gāzēl*; and the *ʿānî* and *ʾeḇyôn* they have *hônû*, and *ʾeṯ*-the *gēr* they *ʿāšəqû* without *mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - 'people'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the land'", "*ʿāšəqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they oppressed'", "*ʿōšeq*": "masculine singular noun - 'oppression'", "*ḡāzəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they robbed'", "*gāzēl*": "masculine singular noun - 'robbery'", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the poor'", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the needy'", "*hônû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they wronged'", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*gēr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the sojourner'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - 'judgment/justice'" }, "variants": { "*ʿam* *ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people", "*ʿāšəqû* *ʿōšeq*": "oppressed with oppression (idiom for severe oppression)", "*ḡāzəlû* *gāzēl*": "robbed with robbery (idiom for severe robbery)", "*hônû*": "wronged/oppressed/defrauded", "*gēr*": "sojourner/alien/foreigner", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal right" } } 30 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.30", "source": "וָאֲבַקֵּ֣שׁ מֵהֶ֡ם אִ֣ישׁ גֹּֽדֵר־גָּדֵר֩ וְעֹמֵ֨ד בַּפֶּ֧רֶץ לְפָנַ֛י בְּעַ֥ד הָאָ֖רֶץ לְבִלְתִּ֣י שַׁחֲתָ֑הּ וְלֹ֖א מָצָֽאתִי׃", "text": "And I *wāʾăḇaqqēš* from them *ʾîš* *gōḏēr*-*gāḏēr* and *ʿōmēḏ* in the *pereṣ* before me for *bəʿaḏ* the *ʾāreṣ*, for *ləḇiltî* *šaḥăṯāh*; and not I *māṣāʾṯî*", "grammar": { "*wāʾăḇaqqēš*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - 'I sought'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man'", "*gōḏēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'one building'", "*gāḏēr*": "masculine singular noun - 'wall'", "*ʿōmēḏ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'standing'", "*pereṣ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the breach'", "*bəʿaḏ*": "preposition - 'on behalf of'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the land'", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition + conjunction - 'so as not to'", "*šaḥăṯāh*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'destroy it'", "*māṣāʾṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - 'I found'" }, "variants": { "*gōḏēr*-*gāḏēr*": "one building a wall/one who repairs the wall", "*ʿōmēḏ* in the *pereṣ*": "standing in the breach/one who stands in the gap", "*bəʿaḏ*": "on behalf of/for the sake of", "*ləḇiltî*": "so as not to/in order not to" } } 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.31", "source": "וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ זַעְמִ֔י בְּאֵ֥שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֖י כִּלִּיתִ֑ים דַּרְכָּם֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם נָתַ֔תִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃ פ", "text": "So I *wāʾešpōḵ* upon them my *zaʿmî*, with *ʾēš* my *ʿeḇrāṯî* I have *killîṯîm*; their *darkām* on their *rōʾšām* I have *nāṯattî*, *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*. *p*", "grammar": { "*wāʾešpōḵ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - 'I poured out'", "*zaʿmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my indignation'", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - 'fire'", "*ʿeḇrāṯî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my wrath'", "*killîṯîm*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I consumed them'", "*darkām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their way'", "*rōʾšām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their head'", "*nāṯattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - 'I have given/placed'", "*nəʾum*": "construct masculine singular noun - 'declaration of'", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st plural suffix as divine title - 'my Lord'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*p*": "Hebrew paragraph marker" }, "variants": { "*wāʾešpōḵ*": "I poured out/I spilled", "*zaʿmî*": "my indignation/my fury/my wrath", "*ʿeḇrāṯî*": "my wrath/my fury/my overflowing anger", "*killîṯîm*": "I consumed them/I destroyed them/I finished them", "*darkām* on their *rōʾšām*": "their way on their head (idiom for retribution)" } }
• Lam 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.8", "source": "חֵ֤טְא חָֽטְאָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן לְנִידָ֣ה הָיָ֑תָה כָּֽל־מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙ כִּי־רָא֣וּ עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ גַּם־הִ֥יא נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה וַתָּ֥שָׁב אָחֽוֹר׃ ס", "text": "*ḥēṭə* *ḥāṭəʾāh* *yərûšālaim*, upon-*kēn* to *nîḏāh* *hāyāṯāh*; all-her *məḵabbəḏeyhā* *hizzîlûhā* *kî*-*rāʾû* her *ʿerwāṯāh*; *gam*-*hîʾ* *neʾenḥāh* *wa*-*tāšāḇ* *ʾāḥôr*.", "grammar": { "*ḥēṭə*": "noun, masculine singular - sin", "*ḥāṭəʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sinned", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*lənîḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to impurity/abhorrence", "*hāyāṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she became", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*məḵabbəḏeyhā*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her honorers", "*hizzîlûhā*": "hifil perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they despised her", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they saw", "*ʿerwāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she", "*neʾenḥāh*": "nifal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she groaned", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*tāšāḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she turns back", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward" }, "variants": { "*ḥēṭə ḥāṭəʾāh*": "greatly sinned/committed grave sin", "*nîḏāh*": "impurity/filth/abhorrence/menstrual impurity", "*məḵabbəḏeyhā*": "her honorers/those who honored her/those who respected her", "*hizzîlûhā*": "they despised her/they held her in contempt/they degraded her", "*ʿerwāṯāh*": "her nakedness/her shame/her private parts", "*neʾenḥāh*": "she groaned/she sighed/she moaned", "*tāšāḇ ʾāḥôr*": "turns backward/retreats/withdraws" } }
• Lam 4:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.13", "source": "מֵֽחַטֹּ֣את נְבִיאֶ֔יהָ עֲוֺנ֖וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֑יהָ הַשֹּׁפְכִ֥ים בְּקִרְבָּ֖הּ דַּ֥ם צַדִּיקִֽים׃", "text": "From *ḥaṭṭōʾṯ* her *nəḇîʾehā*, *ʿăwōnôṯ* her *kōhănehā*, the ones *haššōp̄ḵîm* in her *qirbbāh* *dam ṣaddîqîm*", "grammar": { "*mē-ḥaṭṭōʾṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from sins of", "*nəḇîʾehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her prophets", "*ʿăwōnôṯ*": "masculine plural construct - iniquities of", "*kōhănehā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her priests", "*ha-šōp̄ḵîm*": "definite masculine plural Qal participle - the ones shedding/pouring out", "*bə-qirbbāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*dam*": "masculine singular construct - blood of", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - righteous ones" }, "variants": { "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯ*": "sins/wrongdoings/transgressions", "*ʿăwōnôṯ*": "iniquities/guilt/punishments", "*ha-šōp̄ḵîm*": "ones shedding/ones pouring out/ones spilling", "*qirbbāh*": "her midst/her interior/within her", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed/lifeblood", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just ones/innocent ones" } }
• Ezra 9:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.6", "source": "וָאֹמְרָ֗ה אֱלֹהַי֙ בֹּ֣שְׁתִּי וְנִכְלַ֔מְתִּי לְהָרִ֧ים אֱלֹהַ֛י פָּנַ֖י אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֣י עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤ינוּ רָבוּ֙ לְמַ֣עְלָה רֹּ֔אשׁ וְאַשְׁמָתֵ֥נוּ גָדְלָ֖ה עַ֥ד לַשָּׁמָֽיִם", "text": "And-*ʾāmar*-I, \"*ʾĕlōhay*, *bôš*-I and-*kālam*-I to-*rûm* *ʾĕlōhay* *pānay* unto-you, for *ʿăwōnôt*-our *rābâ* to-above *rōʾš*, and-*ʾašmâ*-our *gādal* unto the-*šāmayim*\"", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular with conversive waw - 'and I said'", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine singular with 1st person suffix - 'my God'", "*bôš*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - 'I am ashamed'", "*kālam*": "Niphal perfect 1st singular - 'I am embarrassed/humiliated'", "*rûm*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to lift up'", "*pānay*": "masculine plural with 1st person suffix - 'my face'", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our iniquities'", "*rābâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'have increased/multiplied'", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular - 'head'", "*ʾašmâ*": "feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our guilt'", "*gādal*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'has grown/increased'", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural - 'heavens'" }, "variants": { "*bôš*": "ashamed/embarrassed/disgraced", "*kālam*": "humiliated/ashamed/dishonored", "*rûm*": "lift up/raise/elevate", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "iniquities/sins/guilt", "*rābâ*": "increased/multiplied/grown numerous", "*ʾašmâ*": "guilt/offense/sin", "*gādal*": "grown/increased/become great" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.7", "source": "מִימֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ בְּאַשְׁמָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֡ינוּ נִתַּ֡נּוּ אֲנַחְנוּ֩ מְלָכֵ֨ינוּ כֹהֲנֵ֜ינוּ בְּיַ֣ד ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֲרָצ֗וֹת בַּחֶ֜רֶב בַּשְּׁבִ֧י וּבַבִּזָּ֛ה וּבְבֹ֥שֶׁת פָּנִ֖ים כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "From-*yāmîm* *ʾăbōtênû* we in-*ʾašmâ* *gǝdōlâ* until the-*yôm* the-this, and-in-*ʿăwōnôt*-our *nātan* we, *mǝlākênû*, *kōhănênû* into-*yād* *malkê hāʾărāṣôt*, in-the-*ḥereb*, in-the-*šǝbî*, and-in-the-*bizzâ*, and-in-*bōšet pānîm* as-the-*yôm* the-this", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*ʾăbōtênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our fathers'", "*ʾašmâ*": "feminine singular - 'guilt'", "*gǝdōlâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'great'", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - 'day'", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our iniquities'", "*nātan*": "Niphal perfect 1st plural - 'we have been given'", "*mǝlākênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our kings'", "*kōhănênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - 'our priests'", "*yād*": "feminine singular construct - 'hand of'", "*malkê hāʾărāṣôt*": "construct relationship - 'kings of the lands'", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular with prefix ב - 'by the sword'", "*šǝbî*": "masculine singular with prefix ב - 'in captivity'", "*bizzâ*": "feminine singular with prefix ב - 'to plunder'", "*bōšet pānîm*": "construct relationship - 'shame of face'" }, "variants": { "*ʾašmâ*": "guilt/offense/sin", "*nātan*": "given/delivered/handed over", "*ḥereb*": "sword/warfare/violence", "*šǝbî*": "captivity/imprisonment", "*bizzâ*": "plunder/spoil/looting", "*bōšet pānîm*": "shame of face/disgrace/humiliation" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.8", "source": "וְעַתָּ֡ה כִּמְעַט־רֶגַע֩ הָיְתָ֨ה תְחִנָּ֜ה מֵאֵ֣ת ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ לְהַשְׁאִ֥יר לָ֙נוּ֙ פְּלֵיטָ֔ה וְלָתֶת־לָ֥נוּ יָתֵ֖ד בִּמְק֣וֹם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ לְהָאִ֤יר עֵינֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וּלְתִתֵּ֛נוּ מִֽחְיָ֥ה מְעַ֖ט בְּעַבְדֻתֵֽנוּ", "text": "And-now like-*mǝʿaṭ*-*regaʿ* *hāyǝtâ* *tǝḥinnâ* from-*ʾēt* *YHWH ʾĕlōhênû* to-*šāʾar* to-us *pǝlêṭâ* and-to-give to-us *yātēd* in-*māqôm* *qādōš*-his, to-*ʾôr* *ʿênênû* *ʾĕlōhênû* and-to-give-us *miḥyâ* *mǝʿaṭ* in-*ʿabdût*-our", "grammar": { "*mǝʿaṭ*": "masculine singular - 'little/few'", "*regaʿ*": "masculine singular - 'moment/instant'", "*hāyǝtâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'there has been'", "*tǝḥinnâ*": "feminine singular - 'favor/grace'", "*ʾēt*": "preposition - 'from'", "*YHWH ʾĕlōhênû*": "divine name with 1st person plural suffix - 'YHWH our God'", "*šāʾar*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to leave/preserve'", "*pǝlêṭâ*": "feminine singular - 'remnant/escaped'", "*yātēd*": "feminine singular - 'peg/nail/tent stake'", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular construct - 'place of'", "*qādōš*": "masculine singular with 3rd person suffix - 'his holiness/sanctuary'", "*ʾôr*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to enlighten'", "*ʿênênû*": "dual with 1st person plural suffix - 'our eyes'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our God'", "*miḥyâ*": "feminine singular - 'revival/preservation'", "*mǝʿaṭ*": "masculine singular adjective - 'little/small'", "*ʿabdût*": "feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our bondage'" }, "variants": { "*mǝʿaṭ*": "little/small/few", "*regaʿ*": "moment/instant/brief time", "*tǝḥinnâ*": "favor/grace/supplication", "*šāʾar*": "leave/preserve/save", "*pǝlêṭâ*": "remnant/survivors/escaped ones", "*yātēd*": "peg/nail/tent stake/secure position", "*ʾôr*": "enlighten/brighten/give light", "*miḥyâ*": "revival/preservation/life", "*ʿabdût*": "bondage/slavery/servitude" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.9", "source": "כִּֽי־עֲבָדִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וּבְעַבְדֻ֔תֵנוּ לֹ֥א עֲזָבָ֖נוּ אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וֽ͏ַיַּט־עָלֵ֣ינוּ חֶ֡סֶד לִפְנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י פָרַ֜ס לָֽתֶת־לָ֣נוּ מִֽחְיָ֗ה לְרוֹמֵ֞ם אֶת־בֵּ֤ית אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ וּלְהַעֲמִ֣יד אֶת־חָרְבֹתָ֔יו וְלָֽתֶת־לָ֣נוּ גָדֵ֔ר בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה וּבִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "For *ʿăbādîm* we, and-in-*ʿabdût*-our not *ʿāzab*-us *ʾĕlōhênû*, and-*nāṭâ* upon-us *ḥesed* before *malkê pāras* to-give to-us *miḥyâ*, to-*rûm* *ʾet*-*bêt ʾĕlōhênû* and-to-*ʿāmad* *ʾet*-*ḥorbôt*-his, and-to-give to-us *gādēr* in-*yǝhûdâ* and-in-*yǝrûšāláim*", "grammar": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural - 'servants/slaves'", "*ʿabdût*": "feminine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our bondage'", "*ʿāzab*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'he has not forsaken us'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our God'", "*nāṭâ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with conversive waw - 'and he extended'", "*ḥesed*": "masculine singular - 'steadfast love/kindness'", "*malkê pāras*": "construct relationship - 'kings of Persia'", "*miḥyâ*": "feminine singular - 'revival/preservation'", "*rûm*": "Polel infinitive construct - 'to raise up'", "*bêt ʾĕlōhênû*": "construct relationship - 'house of our God'", "*ʿāmad*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to set up/establish'", "*ḥorbôt*": "feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his ruins'", "*gādēr*": "masculine singular - 'wall/fence'", "*yǝhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*yǝrûšāláim*": "proper name - 'Jerusalem'" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves/bondservants", "*ʿāzab*": "forsaken/abandoned/left", "*nāṭâ*": "extended/stretched out/inclined", "*ḥesed*": "steadfast love/kindness/mercy/favor", "*miḥyâ*": "revival/preservation/life", "*rûm*": "raise up/exalt/restore", "*ʿāmad*": "set up/establish/restore", "*ḥorbôt*": "ruins/desolations/waste places", "*gādēr*": "wall/fence/protective boundary" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.10", "source": "וְעַתָּ֛ה מַה־נֹּאמַ֥ר אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֽ͏ַחֲרֵי־זֹ֑את כִּ֥י עָזַ֖בְנוּ מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ", "text": "And-now what-*ʾāmar* *ʾĕlōhênû* after-this, for *ʿāzab*-we *miṣwōt*-your", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 1st plural - 'shall we say'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - 'our God'", "*ʿāzab*": "Qal perfect 1st plural - 'we have forsaken'", "*miṣwōt*": "feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your commandments'" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*ʿāzab*": "forsaken/abandoned/left", "*miṣwōt*": "commandments/precepts/ordinances" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezra.9.11", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֗יתָ בְּיַ֨ד עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ הַנְּבִיאִים֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֤ם בָּאִים֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ אֶ֤רֶץ נִדָּה֙ הִ֔יא בְּנִדַּ֖ת עַמֵּ֣י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת בְּתוֹעֲבֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלְא֛וּהָ מִפֶּ֥ה אֶל־פֶּ֖ה בְּטֻמְאָתָֽם", "text": "Which *ṣāwâ*-you by-*yād ʿăbādêkā* the-*nǝbîʾîm* *lēʾmōr*: \"The-*ʾereṣ* which you *bôʾ* to-*yāraš*-it, *ʾereṣ niddâ* it in-*niddâ* of-*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*, in-*tôʿăbōtêhem* which *mālēʾ*-they-it from-*peh* to-*peh* in-*ṭumʾâ*-their", "grammar": { "*ṣāwâ*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you commanded'", "*yād ʿăbādêkā*": "construct relationship - 'hand of your servants'", "*nǝbîʾîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - 'the prophets'", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'saying'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular - 'land'", "*bôʾ*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'entering/going'", "*yāraš*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to possess it'", "*niddâ*": "feminine singular - 'impurity/uncleanness'", "*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*": "construct relationship - 'peoples of the lands'", "*tôʿăbōtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their abominations'", "*mālēʾ*": "Piel perfect 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'they have filled it'", "*peh*": "masculine singular - 'mouth/edge'", "*ṭumʾâ*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their uncleanness'" }, "variants": { "*ṣāwâ*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*nǝbîʾîm*": "prophets/seers", "*yāraš*": "possess/inherit/take possession", "*niddâ*": "impurity/uncleanness/menstrual impurity", "*tôʿăbōtêhem*": "abominations/detestable practices", "*mālēʾ*": "filled/completed/satisfied", "*ṭumʾâ*": "uncleanness/impurity/defilement" } }