Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.11", "source": "הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־עַל־בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hāvērû* the-*ḥiṣṣîm*, *milʾû* the-*šĕlāṭîm*. *Hēʿîr* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*rûaḥ* *malḵê Māday*, for-against-*Bāvel* *mĕzimmātô* to-destroy-her, for-*niqmat* *YHWH* *hîʾ*, *niqmat* *hêḵālô*.", "grammar": { "*Hāvērû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - sharpen/polish", "*ḥiṣṣîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the arrows", "*milʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - fill", "*šĕlāṭîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the shields/quivers", "*Hēʿîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has stirred up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural noun construct - kings of", "*Māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*mĕzimmātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his purpose/device", "*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it (is)", "*niqmat*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*hêḵālô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his temple" }, "variants": { "*Hāvērû*": "sharpen/polish/make bright", "*šĕlāṭîm*": "shields/quivers", "*Hēʿîr*": "stirred up/aroused/awakened", "*mĕzimmātô*": "his device/his purpose/his plan", "*niqmat*": "vengeance of/retribution of/revenge of" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Forbered pilene! Klargjør skipene! Herren har vekket opp Medias konger, for hans plan er mot Babylon for å ødelegge det. Dette er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Gjør pilene skarpe, samle skjoldene: Herren har vekket ånden hos Medernes konger; for hans bestemmelse er mot Babylon, for å ødelegge det, fordi dette er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• Norsk King James

  Gjør pilene klare; samle skjoldene; HERREN har reist opp ånden til medernes konger, for hans plan er mot Babylon for å ødelegge henne; fordi det er HERRENs hevn for hans tempel.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Gjør pilene blanke, saml opp skjoldene; Herren har vekket opp kongene av Medien for sin plan mot Babel, for å gjøre det til en ødeleggelse; dette er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Spiss pilene, fyll skjoldene! Herren har vekket opp kongene i Media, for det er hans plan mot Babylon for å ødelegge det. For dette er Herrens hevn, hans hevn for sitt tempel.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Gjør pilene skarpe; gjør skjoldene klare: Herren har reist kongene av Medienes ånd; for hans hensikt er mot Babylon, for å ødelegge den; for dette er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  La pilene skinne, samle skjoldene: HERREN har oppildnet medenes kongers ånd; for hans hensikt er mot Babylon, for å ødelegge den – det er HERRENS hevn, hevnen over hans tempel.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Gjør pilene skarpe; gjør skjoldene klare: Herren har reist kongene av Medienes ånd; for hans hensikt er mot Babylon, for å ødelegge den; for dette er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Skjerp pilene, fyll skjoldene! Herren har vekket opp Medias kongers ånd, for Hans plan mot Babel er å ødelegge henne. Dette er Herrens hevn, hevn for Hans tempel.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Sharpen the arrows; fill the quivers! The Lord has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes, because His purpose is against Babylon to destroy her. This is the Lord's vengeance, the vengeance for His temple.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Skarp pilene, fyll koggerne! Herren har vekket opp ånden til kongene av Media, for hans hensikt er å ødelegge Babel. Dette er Herrens hevn, tempelens hevn.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Polerer Pilene, samler fuldt (Tal af) Skjolde, Herren haver opvakt Kongerne af Mediens Aand, thi hans Anslag (staaer) imod Babel til at lade den fordærve; thi det er Herrens Hevn, hans Tempels Hevn.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Gjøre pilene lysende; samle skjoldene; Herren har oppreist ånden hos kongene av Media; for hans formål er mot Babylon, for å ødelegge det; fordi det er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Polish the arrows; gather the shields; the LORD has raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes, for His plan is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of His temple.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Gjør pilene skarpe; hold skjoldene faste: Herren har oppildnet kongene i Medienes ånd; for hans hensikt er mot Babylon, for å ødelegge det: for det er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Rens pilene, fyll skjoldene. Herren har vekket ånden til kongene av Media, for Hans plan mot Babylon er å ødelegge det. Dette er Herrens hevn, hevnen for Hans tempel.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Gjør pilene skarpe, hold skjoldene klare: Herren har oppildnet medaljenes konger; hans hensikt er mot Babel, for å ødelegge det: for det er Herrens hevn, hevnen for hans tempel.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Gjør pilene klare; ta på bodyguardene: Herren har rørt mediene kongens ånd; for hans plan mot Babylon er dens ødeleggelse: for det er Herrens straff, belønningen for hans tempel.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Make sharpe the arowes, and fyll the quyuers: for the LORDE shall rayse vp the sprete of the kynge of the Meedes, which hath allready a desyre to destroye Babilon. This shalbe the vengeaunce of the LORDES, and the vengeaunce of his temple.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Make bright the arrowes: gather the shieldes: the Lorde hath raised vp the spirit of the King of the Medes: for his purpose is against Babel to destroy it, because it is the vengeance of the Lord, and the vengeance of his Temple.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Make sharpe the arrowes, and multiplie your shieldes: for the Lorde shall rayse vp the spirite of the kyng of the Medes, which hath alredy a desire to destroy Babylon: this shalbe the vengeaunce of the Lorde, & the vengeaunce of his temple.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device [is] against Babylon, to destroy it; because it [is] the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Make sharp the arrows; hold firm the shields: Yahweh has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it: for it is the vengeance of Yahweh, the vengeance of his temple.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Cleanse ye the arrows, fill the shields, Stirred up hath Jehovah the spirit of the kings of Madia, For against Babylon His device `is' to destroy it, For the vengeance of Jehovah it `is', The vengeance of His temple.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Make sharp the arrows; hold firm the shields: Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it: for it is the vengeance of Jehovah, the vengeance of his temple.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Make bright the arrows; take up the body-covers: the Lord has been moving the spirit of the king of the Medes; because his design against Babylon is its destruction: for it is the punishment from the Lord, the payment for his Temple.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Make sharp the arrows; hold firm the shields: Yahweh has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it: for it is the vengeance of Yahweh, the vengeance of his temple.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “Sharpen your arrows! Fill your quivers! The LORD will arouse a spirit of hostility in the kings of Media. For he intends to destroy Babylonia. For that is how the LORD will get his revenge– how he will get his revenge for the Babylonians’ destruction of his temple.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 46:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.4", "source": "אִסְר֣וּ הַסּוּסִ֗ים וַֽעֲלוּ֙ הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּכ֥וֹבָעִ֑ים מִרְקוּ֙ הָֽרְמָחִ֔ים לִבְשׁ֖וּ הַסִּרְיֹנֹֽת׃", "text": "*ʾisrû* the-*sûsîm* *wa*-*ʿălû* the-*pārāšîm* *wə*-*hityaṣṣəḇû* with-*ḵôḇāʿîm*; *mirqû* the-*rəmāḥîm*, *liḇšû* the-*siryōnōt*.", "grammar": { "*ʾisrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - harness/bind", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the horses", "*wa*-*ʿălû*": "consecutive conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and mount up", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the horsemen/cavalry", "*wə*-*hityaṣṣəḇû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperative, masculine plural - and take your stand/position yourselves", "*ḵôḇāʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition (בְּ) - with helmets", "*mirqû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - polish/furbish", "*rəmāḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the spears", "*liḇšû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - put on/wear", "*siryōnōt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the coats of mail/armor" }, "variants": { "*ʾisrû*": "harness/bind/tie", "*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/mounted soldiers", "*hityaṣṣəḇû*": "take your stand/station yourselves/stand firm", "*mirqû*": "polish/furbish/sharpen", "*rəmāḥîm*": "spears/lances", "*liḇšû*": "put on/wear/clothe yourselves with", "*siryōnōt*": "coats of mail/armor/breastplates" } }
• Jer 50:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.45", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־בָּבֶ֔ל וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נָוֶֽה׃", "text": "Therefore *šimʿû* *ʿăṣat*-*YHWH* which *yāʿaṣ* against-*bābel* and-*maḥšĕbôtāyw* which *ḥāšab* against-*ʾereṣ* *kaśdîm*: *ʾim*-not *yisḥābûm* *ṣĕʿîrê* *haṣṣōʾn*, *ʾim*-not *yaššîm* upon-them *nāweh*.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*ʿăṣat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - counsel/plan of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāʿaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has purposed/planned", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thoughts/plans", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ḥāšab*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has devised", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yisḥābûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will drag them away", "*ṣĕʿîrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - little ones of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the flock", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaššîm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will make desolate", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - habitation/pasture" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/heed", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel/plan/purpose", "*yāʿaṣ*": "purposed/planned/devised", "*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "his thoughts/plans/intentions", "*ḥāšab*": "devised/planned/purposed", "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)", "*yisḥābûm*": "will drag them away/pull them/draw them", "*ṣĕʿîrê*": "little ones/young/least of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "the flock/sheep (metaphor for weak ones)", "*yaššîm*": "make desolate/devastate/lay waste", "*nāweh*": "habitation/pasture/dwelling place" } }
• Jer 46:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.9", "source": "עֲל֤וּ הַסּוּסִים֙ וְהִתְהֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב וְיֵצְא֖וּ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים כּ֤וּשׁ וּפוּט֙ תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י מָגֵ֔ן וְלוּדִ֕ים תֹּפְשֵׂ֖י דֹּ֥רְכֵי קָֽשֶׁת׃", "text": "*ʿălû* the-*sûsîm* *wə*-*hithōləlû* the-*reḵeḇ*, *wə*-*yēṣəʾû* the-*gibbôrîm*: *Kûš* and-*Pûṭ* *tōpəśê* *māgēn*, and-*Lûdîm* *tōpəśê* *dōrəḵê* *qāšet*.", "grammar": { "*ʿălû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - mount up/go up", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the horses", "*wə*-*hithōləlû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperative, masculine plural - and rage/act madly", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the chariots", "*wə*-*yēṣəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural jussive - and let go forth", "*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the mighty men", "*Kûš*": "proper name - Cush/Ethiopia", "*Pûṭ*": "proper name - Put/Libya", "*tōpəśê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - handlers of", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield", "*Lûdîm*": "proper name, plural - Lydians", "*dōrəḵê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drawers/benders of", "*qāšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow" }, "variants": { "*ʿălû*": "mount up/go up/charge", "*hithōləlû*": "rage/act madly/drive furiously", "*reḵeḇ*": "chariots/chariotry/vehicles", "*yēṣəʾû*": "go forth/come out/march out", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*tōpəśê*": "handlers/wielders/those who grasp", "*dōrəḵê*": "drawers/benders/those who bend" } }
• Jer 50:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.9", "source": "כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "For *hinnê* *ʾānōkî* *mēʿîr* and-*maʿălê* against-*Bābel* *qĕhal*-*gôyim* *gĕdōlîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* and-*ʿārĕkû* to-her from-there *tillākēd* *ḥiṣṣāyw* like-*gibbôr* *maśkîl* not *yāšûb* *rêqām*.", "grammar": { "*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*maʿălê*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing up/causing to go up", "*qĕhal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of/congregation of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*ʿārĕkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will arrange/set in order", "*tillākēd*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be captured", "*ḥiṣṣāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrows", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior", "*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/skillful", "*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty/without effect" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*maʿălê*": "bringing up/causing to go up", "*ʿārĕkû*": "they will arrange/set in order/prepare [for battle]", "*gibbôr* *maśkîl*": "skilled warrior/expert fighter", "*rêqām*": "empty/without effect/in vain" } }
• Jer 50:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.14", "source": "עִרְכ֨וּ עַל־בָּבֶ֤ל ׀ סָבִיב֙ כָּל־דֹּ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת יְד֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַֽל־תַּחְמְל֖וּ אֶל־חֵ֑ץ כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָֽאָה׃", "text": "*ʿIrkû* against-*Bābel* *sābîb* all-*dōrĕkê* *qešet* *yĕdû* to-her not-*taḥmĕlû* to-*ḥēṣ* for to-*YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿIrkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - array/draw up in battle order", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*dōrĕkê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who bend/tread", "*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*yĕdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - shoot/throw", "*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural (jussive sense with negative) - spare/pity", "*ḥēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - arrow", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has sinned" }, "variants": { "*ʿIrkû*": "array/draw up in battle order/prepare", "*dōrĕkê* *qešet*": "those who bend/tread the bow (archers)", "*yĕdû*": "shoot/throw/cast", "*taḥmĕlû*": "spare/pity/have compassion", "*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "she has sinned/offended/done wrong" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.15", "source": "הָרִ֨יעוּ עָלֶ֤יהָ סָבִיב֙ נָתְנָ֣ה יָדָ֔הּ נָֽפְלוּ֙ *אשויתיה **אָשְׁיוֹתֶ֔יהָ נֶהֶרְס֖וּ חֽוֹמוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי֩ נִקְמַ֨ת יְהוָ֥ה הִיא֙ הִנָּ֣קְמוּ בָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Hārîʿû* against-her *sābîb* *nātĕnâ* *yādāh* *nāpĕlû* *ʾāšyôtêhā* *nehersû* *ḥômôtêhā* for *niqmat* *YHWH* she *hinnāqĕmû* in-her as-which *ʿāśĕtâ* *ʿăśû*-to-her.", "grammar": { "*Hārîʿû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - shout/sound alarm", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*nātĕnâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has given", "*yādāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hand", "*nāpĕlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fallen", "*ʾāšyôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her foundations (Kethib/Qere variant in source)", "*nehersû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are demolished", "*ḥômôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her walls", "*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*hinnāqĕmû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - take vengeance", "*ʿāśĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has done", "*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - do" }, "variants": { "*Hārîʿû*": "shout/raise war cry/sound alarm", "*nātĕnâ* *yādāh*": "idiom - she has surrendered/given up", "*ʾāšyôtêhā*": "her foundations/pillars/supports", "*nehersû*": "they are demolished/torn down/destroyed", "*hinnāqĕmû*": "take vengeance/avenge yourselves" } }
• Jer 50:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.25", "source": "פָּתַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־א֣וֹצָר֔וֹ וַיּוֹצֵ֖א אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י זַעְמ֑וֹ כִּי־מְלָאכָ֣ה הִ֗יא לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃", "text": "*pataḥ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ʾotsaro* and *yotseʾ* *ʾet*-*kəley* *zaʿmo* for *məlaʾkhah* she for *ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* in *ʾerets* *kasdim*.", "grammar": { "*pataḥ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has opened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾotsaro*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his storehouse/treasury", "*yotseʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought out", "*kəley*": "noun, masculine plural construct - instruments/weapons of", "*zaʿmo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his indignation", "*məlaʾkhah*": "noun, feminine singular - work/task", "*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*kasdim*": "proper noun - Chaldeans" }, "variants": { "*pataḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released", "*ʾotsaro*": "his storehouse/treasury/armory", "*yotseʾ*": "brought out/produced/brought forth", "*kəley*": "instruments/weapons/implements", "*zaʿmo*": "his indignation/wrath/anger", "*məlaʾkhah*": "work/task/business/deed", "*kasdim*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)" } }
• Jer 50:28-29 : 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.28", "source": "ק֥וֹל נָסִ֛ים וּפְלֵטִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ בָּבֶ֑ל לְהַגִּ֣יד בְּצִיּ֗וֹן אֶת־נִקְמַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*qol* *nasim* and *pəletim* from *ʾerets* *bavel* to *haggid* in *tsiyyon* *ʾet*-*niqmat* *YHWH* *ʾeloheynu* *niqmat* *hekhalo*.", "grammar": { "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*nasim*": "participle, masculine plural - fleeing ones", "*pəletim*": "participle, masculine plural - escaping ones", "*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*haggid*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to declare/tell", "*tsiyyon*": "proper noun - Zion", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾeloheynu*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*hekhalo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his temple" }, "variants": { "*qol*": "sound/voice/noise", "*nasim*": "fleeing ones/fugitives", "*pəletim*": "escaped ones/fugitives/survivors", "*haggid*": "to declare/announce/proclaim", "*niqmat*": "vengeance/retribution/revenge", "*hekhalo*": "his temple/palace/sanctuary" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.29", "source": "הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶל־בָּבֶ֣ל ׀ רַ֠בִּים כָּל־דֹּ֨רְכֵי קֶ֜שֶׁת חֲנ֧וּ עָלֶ֣יהָ סָבִ֗יב אַל־יְהִי־לָהּ֙ פְּלֵטָ֔ה שַׁלְּמוּ־לָ֣הּ כְּפָעֳלָ֔הּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָ֑הּ כִּ֧י אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה זָ֖דָה אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hashmiʿu* to *bavel* *rabbim* all-*dorkhey* *qeshet* *ḥanu* against her *saviv* not *yəhi*-to her *pəletah* *shallemu*-to her according to *pŏʿolah* according to all which *ʿastah* *ʿasu*-to her for against *YHWH* *zadah* against *qədosh* *yisraʾel*.", "grammar": { "*hashmiʿu*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - summon/call/announce", "*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*rabbim*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*dorkhey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - drawers/benders of", "*qeshet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*ḥanu*": "imperative, masculine plural - encamp", "*saviv*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*yəhi*": "jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be", "*pəletah*": "noun, feminine singular - escape/deliverance", "*shallemu*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - repay", "*pŏʿolah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her deed", "*ʿastah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has done", "*ʿasu*": "imperative, masculine plural - do", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*zadah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has acted proudly", "*qədosh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of", "*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hashmiʿu*": "summon/call/announce to", "*rabbim*": "many/numerous/great", "*dorkhey*": "drawers/benders of/archers", "*qeshet*": "bow/weapon", "*ḥanu*": "encamp/set up camp/besiege", "*saviv*": "around/surrounding/on every side", "*pəletah*": "escape/deliverance/fugitive", "*shallemu*": "repay/requite/recompense", "*pŏʿolah*": "her deed/work/action", "*zadah*": "acted proudly/presumptuously/arrogantly" } }
• Jer 51:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.12", "source": "אֶל־חוֹמֹ֨ת בָּבֶ֜ל שְׂאוּ־נֵ֗ס הַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר הָקִ֙ימוּ֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים הָכִ֖ינוּ הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים כִּ֚י גַּם־זָמַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה גַּם־עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃", "text": "Against-*ḥômōt* *Bāvel* *śĕʾû*-*nēs*, *haḥăzîqû* the-*mišmār*, *hāqîmû* *šōmĕrîm*, *hāḵînû* the-*ʾōrĕbîm*, for also-*zāmam* *YHWH*, also-*ʿāśāh* *ʾēt* which-*dibbēr* against-*yōšvê* *Bāvel*.", "grammar": { "*ḥômōt*": "feminine plural construct - walls of", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*śĕʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise", "*nēs*": "masculine singular noun - standard/banner", "*haḥăzîqû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - strengthen", "*mišmār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the watch/guard", "*hāqîmû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - set up/establish", "*šōmĕrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - watchmen", "*hāḵînû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - prepare", "*ʾōrĕbîm*": "qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ambushers/liers in wait", "*zāmam*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has devised/planned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has done", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*yōšvê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*Bāvel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*nēs*": "standard/banner/signal", "*haḥăzîqû*": "strengthen/make strong/reinforce", "*mišmār*": "watch/guard/sentinel", "*hāqîmû*": "set up/establish/appoint", "*ʾōrĕbîm*": "ambushers/liers in wait/those who lie in ambush", "*zāmam*": "devised/planned/purposed" } }
• Jer 51:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.24", "source": "וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֜ל וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֗ים אֵ֧ת כָּל־רָעָתָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ בְצִיּ֖וֹן לְעֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And I shall *shillem* to *Babel* and to all *yoshebey Kasdim* *'et* all their *ra'ah* which they *'asah* in *Tsiyon* before your eyes, *ne'um YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*we-shillamti*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will repay/recompense", "*le-Babel*": "preposition + proper noun - to Babylon", "*u-le-kol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and to all", "*yoshebey*": "participle, Qal active, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of/dwellers in", "*Kasdim*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kol-ra'atam*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all their evil", "*'asher-'asu*": "relative pronoun + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - which they did", "*be-Tsiyon*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion", "*le-'eyneykhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - before your eyes", "*ne'um YHWH*": "construct phrase + proper noun - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*shillem*": "repay/recompense/requite/restore", "*yoshebey*": "inhabitants of/dwellers in/residents of", "*Kasdim*": "Chaldeans/inhabitants of Chaldea", "*ra'ah*": "evil/wickedness/calamity/misery", "*'asah*": "do/make/perform/accomplish", "*ne'um*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } }
• Jer 51:27-29 : 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.27", "source": "שְׂאוּ־נֵ֣ס בָּאָ֗רֶץ תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֤ר בַּגּוֹיִם֙ קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם הַשְׁמִ֧יעוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מַמְלְכ֥וֹת אֲרָרַ֖ט מִנִּ֣י וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז פִּקְד֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ טִפְסָ֔ר הַֽעֲלוּ־ס֖וּס כְּיֶ֥לֶק סָמָֽר׃", "text": "*Se'u-nes ba-'arets*, *tiq'u shofar ba-goyim*, *qaddeshu* against her *goyim*, *hashmi'u* against her *mamlekot 'Ararat Minni we-'Ashkenaz*; *piqdu* against her *tifsar*, *ha'alu-sus ke-yeleq samar*.", "grammar": { "*se'u-nes*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - lift up a standard", "*ba-'arets*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the land", "*tiq'u*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - blow", "*shofar*": "noun, masculine singular - trumpet/ram's horn", "*ba-goyim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - among the nations", "*qaddeshu*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate/prepare", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*hashmi'u*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cause to hear/proclaim", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*mamlekot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*'Ararat*": "proper noun - Ararat", "*Minni*": "proper noun - Minni", "*we-'Ashkenaz*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ashkenaz", "*piqdu*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine plural - appoint", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*tifsar*": "noun, masculine singular - marshal/captain", "*ha'alu-sus*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + noun, masculine singular - bring up horses", "*ke-yeleq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like locusts", "*samar*": "adjective, masculine singular - bristling/rough" }, "variants": { "*nes*": "standard/banner/signal/pole", "*tiq'u shofar*": "blow trumpet/sound ram's horn", "*qaddesh*": "consecrate/prepare/sanctify/set apart", "*hashmi'u*": "cause to hear/proclaim/announce", "*piqdu*": "appoint/command/oversee", "*tifsar*": "marshal/captain/official", "*ha'alu*": "bring up/offer up/cause to ascend", "*yeleq*": "locusts/caterpillars", "*samar*": "bristling/rough/horrid" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.28", "source": "קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Qaddeshu* against her *goyim*, *'et-malkey Maday*, *'et-pachoteyha* and *'et-kol-seganeyha*, and *'et* all *'erets memshalto*.", "grammar": { "*qaddeshu*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine plural - consecrate/prepare", "*'aleyha*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her", "*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*malkey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Maday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*pachoteyha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her governors", "*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol-seganeyha*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all her rulers", "*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol-'erets*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular construct - all the land of", "*memshalto*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dominion" }, "variants": { "*qaddesh*": "consecrate/prepare/sanctify/set apart", "*malkey*": "kings of/rulers of", "*pachot*": "governors/deputies/provincial rulers", "*seganim*": "rulers/officials/prefects", "*memshalah*": "dominion/rule/authority" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.29", "source": "וַתִּרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ וַתָּחֹ֑ל כִּ֣י קָ֤מָה עַל־בָּבֶל֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂ֞וּם אֶת־אֶ֧רֶץ בָּבֶ֛ל לְשַׁמָּ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "And *ra'ash ha-'arets* and *chul*; for *qum* against *Babel machshevot YHWH*, to *sum 'et-'erets Babel le-shammah me'eyn yoshev*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tir'ash*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect + consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it trembles", "*ha-'arets*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*wa-tachol*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect + consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it writhes", "*ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qamah*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she arises/stands", "*'al-Babel*": "preposition + proper noun - against Babylon", "*machshevot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - plans/thoughts of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Divine Name", "*la-sum*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to make", "*'et-'erets*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the land of", "*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*le-shammah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a desolation", "*me'eyn*": "preposition + construct particle - without", "*yoshev*": "participle, Qal active, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*ra'ash*": "tremble/quake/shake", "*chul*": "writhe/twist/be in pain", "*qum*": "arise/stand/be established", "*machshevot*": "plans/thoughts/devices/designs", "*sum*": "put/place/set/make", "*shammah*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*me'eyn yoshev*": "without inhabitant/with no one dwelling" } }
• Jer 51:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.35", "source": "חֲמָסִ֤י וּשְׁאֵרִי֙ עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל תֹּאמַ֖ר יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צִיּ֑וֹן וְדָמִי֙ אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים תֹּאמַ֖ר יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "*ḥămāsî* and-*šəʾērî* against-*Bābel* *tōʾmar* *yōšebet* *Ṣiyyôn* and-*dāmî* to-*yōšəbê* *Kaśdîm* *tōʾmar* *Yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*ḥămāsî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my violence/my wrong", "*šəʾērî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flesh/my remnant", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*tōʾmar*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will say", "*yōšebet*": "participle, Qal feminine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller of", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*dāmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my blood", "*yōšəbê*": "participle, Qal masculine plural construct - inhabitants of/dwellers of", "*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Chaldeans", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*ḥămāsî*": "my violence/my wrong/my injury", "*šəʾērî*": "my flesh/my remnant/my body", "*yōšebet*": "female inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*Kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians" } }
• Hab 2:17-20 : 17 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.17", "source": "כִּ֣י חֲמַ֤ס לְבָנוֹן֙ יְכַסֶּ֔ךָּ וְשֹׁ֥ד בְּהֵמ֖וֹת יְחִיתַ֑ן מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ ס", "text": "For *ḥămas lĕbānôn yĕkassekā* and *šōd bĕhēmôt yĕḥîtan*, from *dĕmēy ʾādām* and *ḥămas-ʾereṣ qiryâ* and all *yōšĕbēy* in her.", "grammar": { "*ḥămas*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - violence of", "*lĕbānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon", "*yĕkassekā*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - it will cover you", "*šōd*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - destruction of", "*bĕhēmôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - beasts", "*yĕḥîtan*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - it will terrify them", "*dĕmēy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind", "*ḥămas*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - violence of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - city", "*yōšĕbēy*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of" }, "variants": { "*ḥămas lĕbānôn*": "violence done to Lebanon/destruction of Lebanon", "*šōd bĕhēmôt*": "destruction of beasts/devastation of animals", "*yĕḥîtan*": "will terrify them/will shatter them/will dismay them" } } 18 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.18", "source": "מָֽה־הוֹעִ֣יל פֶּ֗סֶל כִּ֤י פְסָלוֹ֙ יֹֽצְר֔וֹ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וּמ֣וֹרֶה שָּׁ֑קֶר כִּ֣י בָטַ֞ח יֹצֵ֤ר יִצְרוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֱלִילִ֥ים אִלְּמִֽים׃ ס", "text": "What *hôʿîl pesel kî pĕsālô yōṣĕrô*, *massēkâ* and *môreh šāqer*? For *bāṭaḥ yōṣēr yiṣrô* upon it, to *laʿăśôt ʾĕlîlîm ʾillĕmîm*.", "grammar": { "*hôʿîl*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it profits", "*pesel*": "noun, masculine, singular - carved image/idol", "*pĕsālô*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he carved it", "*yōṣĕrô*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its maker", "*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - cast image/molten idol", "*môreh*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - teacher of", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine, singular - lie/falsehood", "*bāṭaḥ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he trusts", "*yōṣēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - maker/former", "*yiṣrô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his formation", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to make", "*ʾĕlîlîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - idols/worthless things", "*ʾillĕmîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - mute/dumb/silent" }, "variants": { "*hôʿîl*": "profits/benefits/helps", "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/graven image", "*massēkâ*": "cast image/molten idol", "*môreh šāqer*": "teacher of lies/false instruction", "*yiṣrô*": "his formation/his work/his creation", "*ʾĕlîlîm*": "idols/worthless gods/nothings" } } 19 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.19", "source": "ה֣וֹי אֹמֵ֤ר לָעֵץ֙ הָקִ֔יצָה ע֖וּרִי לְאֶ֣בֶן דּוּמָ֑ם ה֣וּא יוֹרֶ֔ה הִנֵּה־ה֗וּא תָּפוּשׂ֙ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֔סֶף וְכָל־ר֖וּחַ אֵ֥ין בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hôy ʾōmēr lāʿēṣ hāqîṣâ*, *ʿûrî lĕʾeben dûmām*! He *yôreh*? Behold, it is *tāpûś zāhāb wākeśep*, and all *rûaḥ ʾên bĕqirbô*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*ʾōmēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - saying", "*lāʿēṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - to the wood", "*hāqîṣâ*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine singular - awake", "*ʿûrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*lĕʾeben*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - to stone", "*dûmām*": "adjective, masculine, singular - silent/still", "*yôreh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he teaches", "*tāpûś*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular - overlaid/covered", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine, singular - gold", "*wākeśep*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and silver", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine, singular - breath/spirit", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*bĕqirbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - within it" }, "variants": { "*hāqîṣâ*": "awake/wake up", "*ʿûrî*": "arise/awake/rouse yourself", "*dûmām*": "silent/still/lifeless", "*tāpûś*": "overlaid/covered/encased", "*rûaḥ*": "breath/spirit/life" } } 20 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.2.20", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֖ה בְּהֵיכַ֣ל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַ֥ס מִפָּנָ֖יו כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ פ", "text": "But *YHWH bĕhêkal qodšô*. *Has mippānāyw* all *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*bĕhêkal*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - in temple of", "*qodšô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness", "*has*": "interjection - hush/be silent", "*mippānāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from his face", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the earth" }, "variants": { "*bĕhêkal qodšô*": "in his holy temple/in the temple of his holiness", "*has*": "hush/be silent/keep silence", "*mippānāyw*": "before him/from his presence/from his face" } }
• Zech 12:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Zechariah.12.2", "source": "הִנֵּ֣ה אָ֠נֹכִי שָׂ֣ם אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֧͏ִם סַף־רַ֛עַל לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֖ים סָבִ֑יב וְגַ֧ם עַל־יְהוּדָ֛ה יִֽהְיֶ֥ה בַמָּצ֖וֹר עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *śām* *ʾet*-*Yərûšālaim* *sap̄*-*raʿal* to-all-*hāʿammîm* *sāḇîḇ* *wə*-also against-*Yəhûdāh* *yihyeh* in-*hammāṣôr* against-*Yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*śām*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - placing/setting/making", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Jerusalem", "*sap̄*": "construct state, masculine singular - threshold/basin/bowl", "*raʿal*": "masculine singular - reeling/trembling/staggering", "*hāʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the peoples/nations", "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, Qal - he/it will be", "*hammāṣôr*": "definite article + masculine singular - the siege", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*Hinnēh*": "behold/look/see here", "*ʾānōḵî*": "I (emphatic form)", "*śām*": "placing/setting/making/appointing", "*sap̄*-*raʿal*": "cup of reeling/bowl of staggering/threshold of trembling", "*sāḇîḇ*": "around/surrounding/on all sides", "*hammāṣôr*": "the siege/distress/confinement" } } 3 { "verseID": "Zechariah.12.3", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה בַיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא אָשִׂ֨ים אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אֶ֤בֶן מַֽעֲמָסָה֙ לְכָל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כָּל־עֹמְסֶ֖יהָ שָׂר֣וֹט יִשָּׂרֵ֑טוּ וְנֶאֶסְפ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hāyāh* in-*hayyôm*-that *ʾāśîm* *ʾet*-*Yərûšālaim* *ʾeḇen* *maʿămāsāh* to-all-*hāʿammîm* all-*ʿōməsêhā* *śārôṭ* *yiśśārēṭû* *wə*-*neʾespû* against-her all *gôyê* *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, Qal - it will be/come to pass", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular - the day", "*ʾāśîm*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, Qal - I will make/set/place", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Jerusalem", "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular - stone", "*maʿămāsāh*": "feminine singular - burden/heavy weight", "*hāʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the peoples/nations", "*ʿōməsêhā*": "masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - those lifting her/her lifters", "*śārôṭ*": "infinitive absolute, Qal - severely/surely lacerate", "*yiśśārēṭû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, Niphal - they will be lacerated/cut/wounded", "*neʾespû*": "perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural, Niphal - they will be gathered", "*gôyê*": "masculine plural construct - nations of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/come to pass/happen", "*ʾeḇen* *maʿămāsāh*": "burdensome stone/heavy stone/weight-bearing stone", "*ʿōməsêhā*": "those who lift her/burden themselves with her", "*śārôṭ* *yiśśārēṭû*": "surely be cut/definitely be wounded/certainly be lacerated", "*neʾespû*": "will be gathered/assembled/collected together" } }
• Zech 14:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Zechariah.14.2", "source": "וְאָסַפְתִּ֨י אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ אֶֽל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם֮ לַמִּלְחָמָה֒ וְנִלְכְּדָ֣ה הָעִ֗יר וְנָשַׁ֙סּוּ֙ הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים *תשגלנה **תִּשָּׁכַ֑בְנָה וְיָצָ֞א חֲצִ֤י הָעִיר֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֔ה וְיֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם לֹ֥א יִכָּרֵ֖ת מִן־הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And *wəʾāsapətî* *ʾet-kol-haggôyim* to *Yərûšālaim* for *hammilḥāmâ*, and *wənilkədâ hāʿîr* and *wənāšassû habbātîm* and *hannāšîm tiššākabənâ*, and *wəyāṣāʾ ḥăṣî hāʿîr baggôlâ* and *yeter hāʿām lōʾ yikkārēt min-hāʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾāsapətî*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will gather", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol-haggôyim*": "all-the-nations, masculine plural noun with definite article", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the battle/war", "*wənilkədâ*": "waw-consecutive + niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and will be captured", "*hāʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*wənāšassû*": "waw-consecutive + niphal perfect 3rd plural - and will be plundered", "*habbātîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the houses", "*hannāšîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the women", "*tiššākabənâ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd feminine plural (qere reading) - will be violated/ravished", "*wəyāṣāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will go out", "*ḥăṣî*": "construct state - half of", "*hāʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*baggôlâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with definite article - into the exile", "*yeter*": "construct state - remainder of", "*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yikkārēt*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be cut off", "*min-hāʿîr*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with definite article - from the city" }, "variants": { "*wəʾāsapətî*": "I will gather/collect/assemble", "*haggôyim*": "the nations/gentiles/peoples", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "the battle/war/fighting", "*wənilkədâ*": "will be captured/seized/taken", "*wənāšassû*": "will be plundered/looted/pillaged", "*tiššākabənâ*": "will be violated/ravished/raped [ketiv *tišāgalnâ*]", "*baggôlâ*": "into exile/captivity", "*yikkārēt*": "will be cut off/removed/destroyed" } }
• Zech 14:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Zechariah.14.12", "source": "וְזֹ֣את ׀ תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה הַמַּגֵּפָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִגֹּ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר צָבְא֖וּ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם הָמֵ֣ק ׀ בְּשָׂר֗וֹ וְהוּא֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וְעֵינָיו֙ תִּמַּ֣קְנָה בְחֹֽרֵיהֶ֔ן וּלְשׁוֹנ֖וֹ תִּמַּ֥ק בְּפִיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wəzōʾt tihyeh hammaggēpâ ʾăšer yiggōp YHWH ʾet-kol-hāʿammîm ʾăšer ṣābəʾû ʿal-yərûšālāim hāmēq bəśārô wəhûʾ ʿōmēd ʿal-raglāyw wəʿênāyw timmaqdnâ bəḥōrêhen ûləšônô timaq bəpîhem*.", "grammar": { "*wəzōʾt*": "waw-conjunction + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - and this", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be", "*hammaggēpâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plague", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yiggōp*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will strike", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet-kol-hāʿammîm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun with definite article - all the peoples", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ṣābəʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - warred/fought", "*ʿal-yərûšālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Jerusalem", "*hāmēq*": "haphal infinitive absolute - rotting", "*bəśārô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flesh", "*wəhûʾ*": "waw-conjunction + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*ʿōmēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - standing", "*ʿal-raglāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - on his feet", "*wəʿênāyw*": "waw-conjunction + feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his eyes", "*timmaqdnâ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - will rot", "*bəḥōrêhen*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine plural suffix - in their sockets", "*ûləšônô*": "waw-conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his tongue", "*timaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will rot", "*bəpîhem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their mouths" }, "variants": { "*tihyeh*": "will be/happen to/become", "*hammaggēpâ*": "the plague/slaughter/defeat", "*yiggōp*": "will strike/smite/afflict", "*ṣābəʾû*": "warred/fought/waged war", "*hāmēq*": "rotting/decaying/wasting away", "*bəśārô*": "his flesh/body/skin", "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/positioned", "*timmaqdnâ*": "will rot/decay/waste away", "*bəḥōrêhen*": "in their sockets/holes", "*timaq*": "will rot/decay/waste away", "*bəpîhem*": "in their mouths/openings" } }
• Rev 17:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.16", "source": "Καὶ τὰ δέκα κέρατα ἃ εἶδες ἐπὶ τὸ θηρίον, οὗτοι μισήσουσιν τὴν πόρνην, καὶ ἠρημωμένην ποιήσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ γυμνήν, καὶ τὰς σάρκας αὐτῆς φάγονται, καὶ αὐτὴν κατακαύσουσιν ἐν πυρί.", "text": "And the *deka* *kerata* which *eides* upon the *thērion*, these *misēsousin* the *pornēn*, and *ērēmōmenēn* *poiēsousin* her and *gymnēn*, and the *sarkas* of her *phagontai*, and her *katakausousin* in *pyri*.", "grammar": { "*deka*": "cardinal number - ten", "*kerata*": "nominative plural neuter - horns", "*eides*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - you saw", "*thērion*": "accusative singular neuter - beast", "*misēsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will hate", "*pornēn*": "accusative singular feminine - prostitute", "*ērēmōmenēn*": "perfect passive participle, accusative singular feminine - having been made desolate", "*poiēsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will make", "*gymnēn*": "accusative singular feminine - naked", "*sarkas*": "accusative plural feminine - flesh/bodies", "*phagontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - they will eat", "*katakausousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd plural - they will burn completely", "*pyri*": "dative singular neuter - with fire" }, "variants": { "*kerata*": "horns/powers/authorities", "*thērion*": "beast/wild animal/brutal entity", "*misēsousin*": "will hate/will detest/will abhor", "*pornēn*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*ērēmōmenēn*": "desolate/devastated/laid waste", "*poiēsousin*": "will make/will render/will cause to be", "*gymnēn*": "naked/bare/exposed", "*sarkas*": "flesh/physical bodies/mortal parts", "*phagontai*": "will eat/will devour/will consume", "*katakausousin*": "will burn completely/will consume with fire/will incinerate", "*pyri*": "fire/flame/burning" } } 17 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.17", "source": "Ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἔδωκεν εἰς τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν ποιῆσαι τὴν γνώμην αὐτοῦ, καὶ ποιῆσαι μίαν γνώμην, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ, ἄχρι τελεσθήσονται οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Θεοῦ.", "text": "For the *Theos* *edōken* into the *kardias* of them *poiēsai* the *gnōmēn* of him, and *poiēsai* one *gnōmēn*, and *dounai* the *basileian* of them to the *thēriō*, until *telesthēsontai* the *logoi* of the *Theou*.", "grammar": { "*Theos*": "nominative singular masculine - God", "*edōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - gave", "*kardias*": "accusative plural feminine - hearts", "*poiēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to do/make", "*gnōmēn*": "accusative singular feminine - purpose/mind", "*dounai*": "aorist active infinitive - to give", "*basileian*": "accusative singular feminine - kingdom", "*thēriō*": "dative singular neuter - to beast", "*telesthēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd plural - will be fulfilled", "*logoi*": "nominative plural masculine - words", "*Theou*": "genitive singular masculine - of God" }, "variants": { "*Theos*": "God/Deity/Supreme Being", "*edōken*": "gave/granted/put", "*kardias*": "hearts/inner beings/minds", "*poiēsai*": "to do/to make/to accomplish", "*gnōmēn*": "purpose/mind/intent/will", "*dounai*": "to give/to grant/to bestow", "*basileian*": "kingdom/royal power/reign", "*thēriō*": "beast/wild animal/brutal entity", "*telesthēsontai*": "will be fulfilled/will be completed/will be accomplished", "*logoi*": "words/sayings/messages" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:14 : 14 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.14", "source": "וַיָּ֨קֶם יְהוָ֤ה שָׂטָן֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֵ֖ת הֲדַ֣ד הָאֲדֹמִ֑י מִזֶּ֧רַע הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ ה֖וּא בֶּאֱדֽוֹם׃", "text": "And-*wayyāqem* *YHWH* *sāṭān* to-*Shelomoh* *ʾēt* *Hădad* the-*ʾĂdōmī*; from-*zeraʿ* the-*melekh* he in-*ʾĔdōm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqem*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he raised up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*sāṭān*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - adversary/opponent", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Hădad*": "proper noun, masculine - Hadad", "*ʾĂdōmī*": "article + adjective, masculine, singular - the Edomite", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - seed/offspring of", "*melekh*": "article + noun, masculine, singular, absolute - the king", "*ʾĔdōm*": "proper noun - Edom" }, "variants": { "*sāṭān*": "adversary/opponent/enemy", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:23 : 23 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.23", "source": "וַיָּ֨קֶם אֱלֹהִ֥ים לוֹ֙ שָׂטָ֔ן אֶת־רְז֖וֹן בֶּן־אֶלְיָדָ֑ע אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּרַ֗ח מֵאֵ֛ת הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־צוֹבָ֖ה אֲדֹנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyaqem* *Elohim* to him *satan* *et*-*Rezon* *ben*-*Elyada*, who *barach* from *Hadadezer* *melekh*-*Tzovah* his *adonav*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaqem*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he raised up", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - God", "*satan*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*Rezon*": "proper noun, masculine singular - name of a person", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Elyada*": "proper noun, masculine singular - name of a person", "*barach*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he fled", "*Hadadezer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - name of a king", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Tzovah*": "proper noun - name of a place/kingdom", "*adonav*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his lord/master" }, "variants": { "*wayyaqem*": "and he raised up/established/appointed", "*Elohim*": "God/deity", "*satan*": "adversary/opponent/enemy", "*barach*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*adonav*": "his lord/master/ruler" } }
• 1 Chr 5:26 : 26 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.5.26", "source": "וַיָּעַר֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־ר֣וּחַ ׀ פּ֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֗וּר וְאֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ תִּלְּגַ֤ת פִּלְנֶ֙סֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיַּגְלֵם֙ לָראוּבֵנִ֣י וְלַגָּדִ֔י וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַ֠יְבִיאֵם לַחְלַ֨ח וְחָב֤וֹר וְהָרָא֙ וּנְהַ֣ר גּוֹזָ֔ן עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *yaʿar* *ʾElohe* *Yisrael* *et*-*ruaḥ* *Pul* *melek*-*ʾAššur* and *et*-*ruaḥ* *Tillegat Pilneser* *melek* *ʾAššur* and *yaglem* to the *Rəʾubeni* and to the *Gadi* and to half *šebeṭ* *Mənaššeh* and *yəbiʾem* to *Ḥalaḥ* and *Ḥabor* and *Haraʾ* and *nəhar* *Gozan* until *hayom* *hazze*", "grammar": { "*yaʿar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he stirred up", "*ʾElohe*": "construct plural - God of", "*Yisrael*": "proper name - Israel", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*ruaḥ*": "construct singular - spirit of", "*Pul*": "proper name - Pul", "*melek*": "construct singular - king of", "*ʾAššur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*Tillegat Pilneser*": "proper name - Tiglath-pileser", "*yaglem*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he carried them into exile", "*Rəʾubeni*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Reubenite", "*Gadi*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Gadite", "*šebeṭ*": "construct singular - tribe of", "*Mənaššeh*": "proper name - Manasseh", "*yəbiʾem*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he brought them", "*Ḥalaḥ*": "proper name - Halah", "*Ḥabor*": "proper name - Habor", "*Haraʾ*": "proper name - Hara", "*nəhar*": "construct singular - river of", "*Gozan*": "proper name - Gozan", "*hayom*": "noun with definite article - the day", "*hazze*": "demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*yaʿar*": "stirred up/aroused/awakened", "*yaglem*": "carried them into exile/deported them" } }
• 2 Chr 36:22 : 22 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.22", "source": "וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֗ת לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס לִכְל֥וֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּפִ֣י יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ כּ֣וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֔ס וַיַּֽעֲבֶר־קוֹל֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס", "text": "And-in-*šənat* one to-*kôreš* *melek* *pāras* to-*kĕlôt* *dəbar-yhwh* by-mouth-of *yirmĕyāhû* *hēʿîr* *yhwh* *ʾet-rûaḥ* *kôreš* *melek-pāras* and *wayyaʿăber-qôl* in-all-his-*malkûtô* and-also-in-*miktāb* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*šənat*": "feminine singular construct noun - year of", "*kôreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*kĕlôt*": "Piel infinitive construct - to complete", "*dəbar-yhwh*": "construct chain - word of YHWH", "*yirmĕyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah", "*hēʿîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he aroused", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct noun - spirit of", "*kôreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*melek-pāras*": "construct chain - king of Persia", "*wayyaʿăber-qôl*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + masculine singular noun - and he sent a proclamation", "*malkûtô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*miktāb*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - in writing", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*hēʿîr*": "aroused/stirred up/awakened", "*wayyaʿăber-qôl*": "he sent a proclamation/he made a proclamation/he caused a voice to pass" } }
• Ezra 1:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Ezra.1.1", "source": "וּבִשְׁנַ֣ת אַחַ֗ת לְכ֙וֹרֶשׁ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס לִכְל֥וֹת דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה מִפִּ֣י יִרְמְיָ֑ה הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ כֹּ֣רֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֔ס וַיַּֽעֲבֶר־קוֹל֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְגַם־בְּמִכְתָּ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And in *shənath* *ʾachath* to *kōreš* *melek* *pāras* to *kəlōth* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* from *pî* *yirməyāh* *hēʿîr* *YHWH* *ʾeth*-*rûaḥ* *kōreš* *melek*-*pāras* and *yaʿăḇer*-*qōl* in all-*malkûthō* and also-in *miktāḇ* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*shənath*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*ʾachath*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - one/first", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*kōreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*kəlōth*": "infinitive construct, piel - to complete/fulfill", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*pî*": "construct state, masculine singular - mouth of", "*yirməyāh*": "proper noun - Jeremiah", "*hēʿîr*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - stirred up/awakened", "*ʾeth*": "direct object marker", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular - spirit/breath", "*wa*": "consecutive conjunction", "*yaʿăḇer*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil with waw consecutive - caused to pass/proclaimed", "*qōl*": "masculine singular - voice/proclamation", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*kol*": "construct state - all of", "*malkûthō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*wəgam*": "conjunction plus adverb - and also", "*miktāḇ*": "masculine singular - writing/document", "*lēʾmōr*": "infinitive construct, qal - saying" }, "variants": { "*shənath ʾachath*": "first year/in year one", "*kəlōth*": "to complete/fulfill/accomplish", "*dəḇar*": "word/matter/thing", "*hēʿîr*": "stirred up/awakened/aroused", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind/mind", "*yaʿăḇer-qōl*": "caused voice to pass/issued proclamation/made announcement", "*miktāḇ*": "writing/document/letter" } }
• Ps 74:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.3", "source": "הָרִ֣ימָה פְ֭עָמֶיךָ לְמַשֻּׁא֣וֹת נֶ֑צַח כָּל־הֵרַ֖ע אוֹיֵ֣ב בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃", "text": "*Harimah* your *pe'amecha* to *mashu'ot netsach*, all *hera'* *oyev* in the *qodesh*.", "grammar": { "*Harimah*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular with cohortative he - 'lift up!/raise!'", "*pe'amecha*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your steps/feet'", "*mashu'ot*": "feminine plural construct - 'ruins/desolations of'", "*netsach*": "masculine singular noun - 'perpetuity/forever'", "*hera'*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'has done evil'", "*oyev*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'enemy'", "*qodesh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the holy place/sanctuary'" }, "variants": { "*Harimah*": "lift up/raise/direct", "*pe'amecha*": "your steps/feet/footsteps", "*mashu'ot*": "ruins/desolations/destructions", "*hera'*": "done evil/damaged/destroyed", "*qodesh*": "sanctuary/holy place/holiness" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.4", "source": "שָׁאֲג֣וּ צֹ֭רְרֶיךָ בְּקֶ֣רֶב מוֹעֲדֶ֑ךָ שָׂ֖מוּ אוֹתֹתָ֣ם אֹתֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Sha'agu* your *tsorereicha* in *qerev* your *mo'adecha*, *samu* their *ototam* *otot*.", "grammar": { "*Sha'agu*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they roared'", "*tsorereicha*": "qal participle masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your adversaries'", "*qerev*": "masculine singular construct - 'midst of'", "*mo'adecha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your meeting place/appointed place'", "*samu*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they placed/set'", "*ototam*": "common plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their signs'", "*otot*": "common plural noun - 'signs'" }, "variants": { "*Sha'agu*": "roared/bellowed/growled", "*tsorereicha*": "your adversaries/oppressors/enemies", "*mo'adecha*": "your appointed place/meeting place/sanctuary", "*otot*": "signs/banners/standards/emblems" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.5", "source": "יִ֭וָּדַע כְּמֵבִ֣יא לְמָ֑עְלָה בִּֽסֲבָךְ־עֵ֝֗ץ קַרְדֻּמּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Yivvada* as *mevi* to *ma'lah* in *sevach-ets qarduumot*.", "grammar": { "*Yivvada*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'it is/was known/it appeared'", "*mevi*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - 'one bringing'", "*ma'lah*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition - 'upward/above'", "*sevach-ets*": "construct phrase - 'thicket of a tree/wooded thicket'", "*qarduumot*": "feminine plural noun - 'axes'" }, "variants": { "*Yivvada*": "it was known/it appeared/he was recognized", "*mevi*": "bringing in/lifting up/raising", "*ma'lah*": "upward/above/on high", "*sevach-ets*": "thicket of trees/wooded area/entangled branches", "*qarduumot*": "axes/hatchets/cutting tools" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.6", "source": "*ועת **וְ֭עַתָּה פִּתּוּחֶ֣יהָ יָּ֑חַד בְּכַשִּׁ֥יל וְ֝כֵֽילַפֹּ֗ת יַהֲלֹמֽוּן׃", "text": "*Ve'attah pitucheha yachad bekashil vechelapot yahalomun*.", "grammar": { "*Ve'attah*": "conjunction + adverb - 'and now'", "*pitucheha*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'its carvings'", "*yachad*": "adverb - 'together'", "*bekashil*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'with axes/hatchets'", "*vechelapot*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun - 'and hammers/sledges'", "*yahalomun*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + paragogic nun - 'they smash/break'" }, "variants": { "*pitucheha*": "its carvings/engravings/carved works", "*kashil*": "axe/hatchet/cutting tool", "*chelapot*": "hammers/sledges/striking tools", "*yahalomun*": "they smash/beat down/strike" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.7", "source": "שִׁלְח֣וּ בָ֭אֵשׁ מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑ךָ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ חִלְּל֥וּ מִֽשְׁכַּן־שְׁמֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*Shilchu va'esh miqdashecha*, to *ha'arets chillelu mishkan-shemecha*.", "grammar": { "*Shilchu*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they sent/cast'", "*va'esh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - 'into the fire'", "*miqdashecha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your sanctuary'", "*la'arets*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - 'to the ground'", "*chillelu*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they profaned/defiled'", "*mishkan-shemecha*": "construct phrase with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'dwelling place of your name'" }, "variants": { "*Shilchu*": "they cast/sent/set", "*miqdashecha*": "your sanctuary/holy place", "*chillelu*": "they profaned/defiled/polluted", "*mishkan-shemecha*": "dwelling place of your name/tabernacle of your name" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.8", "source": "אָמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם נִינָ֣ם יָ֑חַד שָׂרְפ֖וּ כָל־מוֹעֲדֵי־אֵ֣ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Amru* in their *libbam*, \"*Ninam yachad*\"; *sarfu* all *mo'adei-El* in the *arets*.", "grammar": { "*Amru*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they said'", "*belibbam*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'in their heart'", "*Ninam*": "qal imperfect 1st person common plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'let us oppress them'", "*yachad*": "adverb - 'together/completely'", "*sarfu*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they burned'", "*mo'adei-El*": "construct phrase - 'meeting places of God'", "*ba'arets*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - 'in the land'" }, "variants": { "*Ninam*": "let us oppress them/destroy them/subdue them", "*mo'adei-El*": "meeting places of God/assembly places of God/appointed places of God", "*sarfu*": "they burned/consumed with fire" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.9", "source": "אֽוֹתֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֥א רָ֫אִ֥ינוּ אֵֽין־ע֥וֹד נָבִ֑יא וְלֹֽא־אִ֝תָּ֗נוּ יֹדֵ֥עַ עַד־מָֽה׃", "text": "Our *ototenu* not *ra'inu*, *ein-od navi*, and not with us *yodea* *ad-mah*.", "grammar": { "*ototenu*": "common plural noun with 1st person common plural suffix - 'our signs'", "*ra'inu*": "qal perfect 1st person common plural - 'we have seen'", "*ein-od*": "particle of negation + adverb - 'there is no longer'", "*navi*": "masculine singular noun - 'prophet'", "*itanu*": "preposition with 1st person common plural suffix - 'with us'", "*yodea*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'one knowing/knower'", "*ad-mah*": "preposition + interrogative - 'until when/how long'" }, "variants": { "*ototenu*": "our signs/our banners/our emblems", "*ein-od*": "there is no longer/no more", "*yodea*": "one who knows/knower/one understanding", "*ad-mah*": "until when/how long/until what time" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.10", "source": "עַד־מָתַ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים יְחָ֣רֶף צָ֑ר יְנָ֘אֵ֤ץ אוֹיֵ֖ב שִׁמְךָ֣ לָנֶֽצַח׃", "text": "*Ad-matay*, *Elohim*, *yecharef tsar*? *Yena'ets oyev* your *shimcha lanetsach*?", "grammar": { "*Ad-matay*": "preposition + interrogative - 'until when/how long'", "*Elohim*": "masculine plural noun used as singular divine name - 'God'", "*yecharef*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will reproach'", "*tsar*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - 'adversary/foe'", "*yena'ets*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will spurn/despise'", "*oyev*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'enemy'", "*shimcha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your name'", "*lanetsach*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - 'forever'" }, "variants": { "*yecharef*": "will reproach/taunt/insult", "*tsar*": "adversary/foe/enemy/oppressor", "*yena'ets*": "will despise/spurn/blaspheme", "*lanetsach*": "forever/perpetually/completely" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.11", "source": "לָ֤מָּה תָשִׁ֣יב יָ֭דְךָ וִֽימִינֶ֑ךָ מִקֶּ֖רֶב *חוקך **חֽ͏ֵיקְךָ֣ כַלֵּֽה׃", "text": "*Lammah tashiv yadcha viyminecha*? From *qerev cheiqcha kalleh*.", "grammar": { "*Lammah*": "interrogative + preposition - 'why/for what reason'", "*tashiv*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you turn back/withdraw'", "*yadcha*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your hand'", "*viyminecha*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'and your right hand'", "*miqqerev*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - 'from midst of'", "*cheiqcha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your bosom'", "*kalleh*": "piel imperative masculine singular - 'destroy!/consume!'" }, "variants": { "*tashiv*": "you withdraw/hold back/turn back", "*cheiqcha*": "your bosom/chest/lap", "*kalleh*": "destroy/consume/bring to an end" } }
• Ps 83:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.3", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה א֭וֹיְבֶיךָ יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֶ֗יךָ נָ֣שְׂאוּ רֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "*kî-hinnēh* *ʾôyḇêḵā* *yehĕmāyûn* *ûmeśanʾêḵā* *nāśʾû* *rōʾš*", "grammar": { "*kî-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - for behold/indeed", "*ʾôyḇêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2ms suffix - your enemies", "*yehĕmāyûn*": "3mp Qal imperfect with paragogic nun - they make noise/are in an uproar", "*ûmeśanʾêḵā*": "conjunction + masculine plural Piel participle + 2ms suffix - and those hating you", "*nāśʾû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have lifted up", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - head" }, "variants": { "*hāmāh*": "make noise/be in uproar/growl/roar", "*śānēʾ*": "hate/despise", "*nāśāʾ* *rōʾš*": "lift up head (idiom for rebellion/pride/exaltation)" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.4", "source": "עַֽל־עַ֭מְּךָ יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ ס֑וֹד וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ עַל־צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*ʿal-ʿammeḵā* *yaʿărîmû* *sôd* *weyityāʿăṣû* *ʿal-ṣep̄ûnêḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-ʿammeḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2ms suffix - against your people", "*yaʿărîmû*": "3mp Hiphil imperfect - they make crafty/cunning", "*sôd*": "masculine singular noun - secret council/plan", "*weyityāʿăṣû*": "conjunction + 3mp Hithpael imperfect - and they consult together", "*ʿal-ṣep̄ûnêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural passive participle + 2ms suffix - against your hidden/treasured ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿāram*": "be crafty/shrewd/cunning", "*sôd*": "secret council/assembly/plan", "*yāʿaṣ*": "advise/consult/plan together", "*ṣāp̄an*": "hide/treasure/store up" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.5", "source": "אָמְר֗וּ לְ֭כוּ וְנַכְחִידֵ֣ם מִגּ֑וֹי וְלֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֖ר שֵֽׁם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ʾāmerû* *leḵû* *wenaḵḥîdēm* *miggôy* *welōʾ-yizzāḵēr* *šēm-yiśrāʾēl* *ʿôd*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmerû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have said", "*leḵû*": "2mp Qal imperative - come/go", "*wenaḵḥîdēm*": "conjunction + 1cp Hiphil imperfect + 3mp suffix - and let us cut them off", "*miggôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from being a nation", "*welōʾ-yizzāḵēr*": "conjunction + negative particle + 3ms Niphal imperfect - and will not be remembered", "*šēm-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - name of Israel", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore" }, "variants": { "*kāḥad*": "hide/conceal/cut off/destroy", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*zāḵar*": "remember/mention/recall", "*šēm*": "name/reputation" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.6", "source": "כִּ֤י נוֹעֲצ֣וּ לֵ֣ב יַחְדָּ֑ו עָ֝לֶ֗יךָ בְּרִ֣ית יִכְרֹֽתוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *nôʿăṣû* *lēḇ* *yaḥdāw* *ʿālêḵā* *berît* *yiḵrōtû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nôʿăṣû*": "3cp Niphal perfect - they have consulted together", "*lēḇ*": "masculine singular noun - heart/mind", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/unitedly", "*ʿālêḵā*": "preposition + 2ms suffix - against you", "*berît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*yiḵrōtû*": "3mp Qal imperfect - they cut/make" }, "variants": { "*yāʿaṣ*": "advise/consult/plan", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*kārat* *berît*": "cut a covenant (idiom for making an agreement/alliance)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.7", "source": "אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרֽ͏ִים׃", "text": "*ʾohŏlê* *ʾĕdôm* *weyišmeʿēlîm* *môʾāḇ* *wehagˈrîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*weyišmeʿēlîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Ishmaelites", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wehagˈrîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Hagrites" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation descended from Esau)", "*yišmeʿēlîm*": "Ishmaelites (descendants of Ishmael)", "*môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation descended from Lot)", "*hagˈrîm*": "Hagrites (Arabian tribe)" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.8", "source": "גְּבָ֣ל וְ֭עַמּוֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק פְּ֝לֶ֗שֶׁת עִם־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי צֽוֹר׃", "text": "*geḇāl* *weʿammôn* *waʿămālēq* *pelešet* *ʿim-yōšeḇê* *ṣôr*", "grammar": { "*geḇāl*": "proper noun - Gebal", "*weʿammôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ammon", "*waʿămālēq*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Amalek", "*pelešet*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*ʿim-yōšeḇê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct Qal participle - with inhabitants of", "*ṣôr*": "proper noun - Tyre" }, "variants": { "*geḇāl*": "Gebal (region south of Dead Sea or in Lebanon)", "*ʿammôn*": "Ammon (nation descended from Lot)", "*ʿămālēq*": "Amalek (nomadic tribe)", "*pelešet*": "Philistia (coastal region)", "*yāšaḇ*": "dwell/sit/remain", "*ṣôr*": "Tyre (Phoenician city)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.9", "source": "גַּם־אַ֭שּׁוּר נִלְוָ֣ה עִמָּ֑ם הָ֤י֥וּ זְר֖וֹעַ לִבְנֵי־ל֣וֹט סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*gam-ʾaššûr* *nilwâ* *ʿimmām* *hāyû* *zerôaʿ* *liḇnê-lôṭ* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*gam-ʾaššûr*": "adverb + proper noun - also Assyria", "*nilwâ*": "3ms Niphal perfect - has joined", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*hāyû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have become", "*zerôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm/strength/support", "*liḇnê-lôṭ*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + proper noun - for sons of Lot", "*selâ*": "musical or liturgical term - selah" }, "variants": { "*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria (empire to the northeast)", "*lāwâ*": "join/attach/accompany", "*zerôaʿ*": "arm/strength/support/help", "*benê-lôṭ*": "sons of Lot (referring to Moab and Ammon)", "*selâ*": "musical pause/interlude/emphasis" } }
• Isa 10:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.26", "source": "וְעוֹרֵר עָלָיו יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שׁוֹט כְּמַכַּת מִדְיָן בְּצוּר עוֹרֵב וּמַטֵּהוּ עַל־הַיָּם וּנְשָׂאוֹ בְּדֶרֶךְ מִצְרָיִם", "text": "*weʿôrēr* *ʿālāyw* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *šôṭ* *kemakkat* *midyān* *beṣûr* *ʿôrēb* *ûmaṭṭēhû* *ʿal*-*hayyām* *ûneśāʾô* *bedereḵ* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*weʿôrēr*": "waw conjunction + polel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will stir up", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*šôṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - whip/scourge", "*kemakkat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like the striking of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*beṣûr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at rock of", "*ʿôrēb*": "proper noun - Oreb", "*ûmaṭṭēhû*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his staff", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*ûneśāʾô*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he will lift it", "*bedereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the way of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿûr*": "stir up/awaken/rouse", "*šôṭ*": "whip/scourge/lash", "*makkāh*": "blow/striking/wound/defeat", "*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/boulder", "*nāśāʾ*": "lift/carry/raise/bear", "*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/manner" } }
• Isa 13:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.17", "source": "הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "Behold-me *mēʿîr* against-them *ʾeṯ*-*Māḏāy* who-*kesep̄* not *yaḥšōḇû* *wə*-*zāhāḇ* not *yaḥpəṣû*-in-it", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold me", "*mēʿîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʾeṯ-māḏāy*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the Medes", "*ʾăšer-kesep̄*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - who silver", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they regard/esteem", "*wəzāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and gold", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaḥpəṣû-ḇô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they delight in it" }, "variants": { "*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening", "*yaḥšōḇû*": "they regard/esteem/value/consider", "*yaḥpəṣû*": "they delight in/desire/take pleasure in" } } 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.18", "source": "וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי־בֶ֙טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל־בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא־תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם׃", "text": "*Û*-*qəšāṯôṯ* *nəʿārîm* *təraṭṭašnāh* *û*-*p̄ərî*-*ḇeṭen* not *yəraḥēmû* upon-*bānîm* not-*ṯāḥûs* *ʿênām*", "grammar": { "*ûqəšāṯôṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural - and bows", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - young men/youths", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will shatter", "*ûp̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct + noun, masculine, singular - and fruit of womb", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəraḥēmû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will have mercy on", "*ʿal-bānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - upon children/sons", "*lōʾ-ṯāḥûs*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will not pity", "*ʿênām*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eye" }, "variants": { "*qəšāṯôṯ*": "bows/weapons", "*nəʿārîm*": "young men/youths/lads", "*təraṭṭašnāh*": "they will shatter/smash/dash to pieces", "*p̄ərî-ḇeṭen*": "fruit of womb/children/offspring", "*yəraḥēmû*": "they will have mercy on/compassion on/pity", "*ṯāḥûs*": "will pity/spare/look with compassion" } }
• Isa 21:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.2", "source": "חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃", "text": "*ḥāzūt* *qāšāh* *huggad*-to me the *bōgēd* *bōgēd* and the *šōdēd* *šōdēd* go up *'ēylām* besiege *māday* all-*'anḥātāh* *hišbattî*", "grammar": { "*ḥāzūt*": "noun, feminine singular - vision/revelation", "*qāšāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - hard/harsh/severe", "*huggad*": "verb, hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was told/declared", "*bōgēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the treacherous one/betrayer", "*bōgēd*": "verb, qal active participle - betrays/deals treacherously", "*šōdēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the devastator/plunderer", "*šōdēd*": "verb, qal active participle - devastates/plunders", "*'ēylām*": "proper noun - Elam (region east of Babylon)", "*ṣūrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - besiege", "*māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*'anḥātāh*": "noun, feminine singular with suffix - sighing/groaning", "*hišbattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have caused to cease/ended" }, "variants": { "*ḥāzūt qāšāh*": "harsh vision/grievous vision/hard prophecy", "*bōgēd bōgēd*": "the betrayer betrays/the treacherous one deals treacherously", "*šōdēd šōdēd*": "the destroyer destroys/the plunderer plunders", "*ṣūrî*": "besiege/attack/lay siege to", "*hišbattî*": "I have ended/I have made to cease/I have caused to stop" } }
• Isa 21:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.5", "source": "עָרֹ֧ךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ן צָפֹ֥ה הַצָּפִ֖ית אָכ֣וֹל שָׁתֹ֑ה ק֥וּמוּ הַשָּׂרִ֖ים מִשְׁח֥וּ מָגֵֽן׃ פ", "text": "*'ārōk* the *šulḥān* *ṣāpōh* the *ṣāpît* *'ākôl* *šātōh* *qūmū* the *śārîm* *mišḥū* *māgēn*", "grammar": { "*'ārōk*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - setting/arranging", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the table", "*ṣāpōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - watching", "*ṣāpît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the watchtower/watchpost", "*'ākôl*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*šātōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - drinking", "*qūmū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - arise/stand up", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the princes/officials", "*mišḥū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - anoint", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield" }, "variants": { "*'ārōk*": "arrange/prepare/set up", "*ṣāpōh*": "watch/keep lookout", "*ṣāpît*": "watchtower/watchpost/lookout", "*mišḥū māgēn*": "anoint the shield/prepare the shield/oil the shield" } }
• Isa 41:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Isaiah.41.25", "source": "הַעִיר֤וֹתִי מִצָּפוֹן֙ וַיַּ֔את מִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ יִקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֑י וְיָבֹ֤א סְגָנִים֙ כְּמוֹ־חֹ֔מֶר וּכְמ֥וֹ יוֹצֵ֖ר יִרְמָס־טִֽיט׃", "text": "*haʿîrôtî miṣṣāpôn wayyaʾt mi-mizraḥ-šemeš yiqrāʾ ḇišmî wəyāḇōʾ səḡānîm kəmô-ḥōmer ûḵəmô yôṣēr yirmās-ṭîṭ*", "grammar": { "*haʿîrôtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st person common singular - I have aroused/stirred up", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the north", "*wayyaʾt*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular (with waw consecutive) - and he came", "*mi-mizraḥ-šemeš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - from the east/sunrising", "*yiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he calls", "*ḇišmî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix - on my name", "*wəyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will come", "*səḡānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rulers/officials", "*kəmô-ḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mortar", "*ûḵəmô*": "conjunction + preposition - and like", "*yôṣēr*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - potter/one forming", "*yirmās-ṭîṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - treads clay/mud" }, "variants": { "*haʿîrôtî*": "I have aroused/stirred up/awakened", "*miṣṣāpôn*": "from the north/northern region", "*wayyaʾt*": "and he came/has come/will come", "*mizraḥ-šemeš*": "east/sunrising/sunrise", "*yiqrāʾ ḇišmî*": "calls on my name/proclaims my name/invokes my name", "*səḡānîm*": "rulers/officials/governors/princes", "*kəmô-ḥōmer*": "like clay/mortar/mud", "*yôṣēr*": "potter/craftsman/one who forms", "*yirmās-ṭîṭ*": "treads clay/mud/tramples mortar" } }
• Isa 45:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.1", "source": "כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִמְשִׁיחוֹ֮ לְכ֣וֹרֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־הֶחֱזַ֣קְתִּי בִֽימִינ֗וֹ לְרַד־לְפָנָיו֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וּמָתְנֵ֥י מְלָכִ֖ים אֲפַתֵּ֑חַ לִפְתֹּ֤חַ לְפָנָיו֙ דְּלָתַ֔יִם וּשְׁעָרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִסָּגֵֽרוּ", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to-*māšîḥô* to-*kôreš* whom-*heḥĕzaqtî* in-*yĕmînô* to-*rad* before-him *gôyim* and-*mātĕnê* *mĕlākîm* *ʾăpattēaḥ* to-*pĕtōaḥ* before-him *dĕlātayim* and-*šĕʿārîm* not *yissāgērû*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*māšîḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his anointed one", "*kôreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I strengthened/grasped", "*yĕmînô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his right hand", "*rad*": "infinitive construct - to subdue", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*mātĕnê*": "construct plural of *moten* - loins of", "*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*ʾăpattēaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will loosen/open", "*pĕtōaḥ*": "qal infinitive construct - to open", "*dĕlātayim*": "feminine dual noun - doors/gates", "*šĕʿārîm*": "masculine plural noun - gates", "*yissāgērû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be shut" }, "variants": { "*māšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "I strengthened/I grasped/I took hold of", "*rad*": "to subdue/to rule over/to have dominion", "*mātĕnê*": "loins/waist/strength", "*ʾăpattēaḥ*": "I will loosen/I will open/I will ungird" } }
• Isa 45:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.5", "source": "אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין ע֔וֹד זוּלָתִ֖י אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֲאַזֶּרְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א יְדַעְתָּֽנִי", "text": "*ʾănî* *YHWH* and-*ʾên* *ʿôd* *zûlātî* *ʾên* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăʾazzerkā* and-not *yĕdaʿtānî*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/there is no", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*zûlātî*": "preposition with 1st person suffix - besides me/except me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*ʾăʾazzerkā*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person suffix - I will gird you/I will strengthen you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person suffix - you knew me" }, "variants": { "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no/none", "*ʿôd*": "still/yet/besides/in addition", "*zûlātî*": "besides me/except me/other than me", "*ʾăʾazzerkā*": "I will gird you/I will strengthen you/I will equip you", "*yĕdaʿtānî*": "you knew me/you recognized me/you acknowledged me" } }
• Isa 46:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.46.11", "source": "קֹרֵ֤א מִמִּזְרָח֙ עַ֔יִט מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק אִ֣ישׁ *עצתו **עֲצָתִ֑י אַף־דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ אַף־אֲבִיאֶ֔נָּה יָצַ֖רְתִּי אַף־אֶעֱשֶֽׂנָּה׃", "text": "*qōrēʾ* from-*mizrāḥ ʿayiṭ* from-*ʾereṣ merḥāq ʾîš ʿăṣātî*; indeed-*dibbartî* indeed-*ʾăbîʾennāh*, *yāṣartî* indeed-*ʾeʿĕśennāh*.", "grammar": { "*qōrēʾ*": "participle, masculine, singular - calling", "*mizrāḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - east/rising (of sun)", "*ʿayiṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular - bird of prey/eagle", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - land of", "*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - distance/far country", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man", "*ʿăṣātî*": "noun, feminine, singular + 1st singular suffix - my counsel/purpose", "*dibbartî*": "perfect, 1st singular, piel - I have spoken", "*ʾăbîʾennāh*": "imperfect, 1st singular, hiphil + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I will bring it", "*yāṣartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have formed/planned", "*ʾeʿĕśennāh*": "imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I will do it" }, "variants": { "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/inviting", "*mizrāḥ*": "east/rising (of sun)/eastern place", "*ʿayiṭ*": "bird of prey/eagle/vulture", "*merḥāq*": "distance/far country/remote place", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/one", "*ʿăṣātî*": "my counsel/my purpose/my plan", "*dibbartî*": "I have spoken/I have declared/I have promised", "*ʾăbîʾennāh*": "I will bring it/I will bring it about/I will cause it to come", "*yāṣartî*": "I have formed/I have planned/I have purposed", "*ʾeʿĕśennāh*": "I will do it/I will accomplish it/I will perform it" } }