Verse 1
{ "verseID": "Job.7.1", "source": "הֲלֹא־צָבָ֣א לֶאֱנ֣וֹשׁ עֲלֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְכִימֵ֖י שָׂכִ֣יר יָמָֽיו", "text": "?Not *tsāḇā'* to *'ĕnôsh* upon *'ārets*, and like *yāmê* *śāḵîr* his *yāmāyw*", "grammar": { "*hă*": "interrogative particle - is not?", "*tsāḇā'*": "noun, masculine singular - warfare/service/hardship", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*'ĕnôsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind/mortal", "*'ălê*": "preposition - upon/over", "*'ārets*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land/ground", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*kî*": "preposition - like/as", "*yāmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*śāḵîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired worker/laborer", "*yāmāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his days" }, "variants": { "*tsāḇā'*": "warfare/military service/hard service/appointed time", "*'ĕnôsh*": "man/mankind/mortal human", "*'ārets*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*śāḵîr*": "hired worker/hired laborer/mercenary" } }
Other Translations
GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk
Er ikke et menneskes liv på jorden en kamp, og hans dager som en dagarbeiders tid?
Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst
Er det ikke en fastsatt tid for mennesker på jorden? Er ikke hans dager som dagene til en leiekar?
Norsk King James
Har ikke menneskene en fastsatt tid her på jorden? Er ikke dagene deres som dagene til en leiekar?
Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866
Er ikke menneskers liv på jorden en strid, og er ikke deres tid her som en dagarbeiders tid?
Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål
Er ikke menneskets liv på jorden som en krigstjeneste, og dets dager som en dagleiers?
Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611
Er det ikke en fastsatt tid for mennesket på jorden? Er ikke hans dager som dagene til en leiekar?
o3-mini KJV Norsk
Er det ikke en fastsatt tid for mennesket på jorden? Er ikke hans dager også som for en leiearbeider?
En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)
Er det ikke en fastsatt tid for mennesket på jorden? Er ikke hans dager som dagene til en leiekar?
Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst
Er det ikke hardt arbeid for et menneske på jorden, og er ikke hans dager som en leiekars dager?
Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts
Isn't human life on earth like hard labor and their days like those of a hired worker?
GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024
Er ikke menneskets liv på jorden som en krigstjeneste, og dets dager som dagene til en leiekar?
Original Norsk Bibel 1866
Er ikke et Menneske i Strid paa Jorden, og hans Dage som en Daglønners Dage?
King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)
Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not his days also like the days of an hireling?
KJV 1769 norsk
Er det ikke en bestemt tid for mennesket på jorden? Er ikke hans dager også som dagene for en leiekar?
KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk
Is there not an appointed time for man on earth? Are not his days also like the days of a hired worker?
King James Version 1611 (Original)
Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not his days also like the days of an hireling?
Norsk oversettelse av Webster
Er ikke et menneske satt til å arbeide på jorden? Er ikke hans dager som dagene til en leiekar?
Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation
Er det ikke en strid for mennesket på jorden? Og er ikke hans dager som en dagarbeiders dager?
Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901
Er det ikke en kamp for mennesket på jorden? Er ikke hans dager som en leiekarls dager?
Norsk oversettelse av BBE
Har ikke mennesket sin fastsatte tid av prøvelser på jorden? Er ikke hans dager som dagene til en tjener som arbeider for lønn?
Coverdale Bible (1535)
Is not the life off ma vpon earth a very batayll? Are not his dayes, like the dayes of an hyred seruaunte?
Geneva Bible (1560)
Is there not an appointed time to man vpon earth? and are not his dayes as the dayes of an hyreling?
Bishops' Bible (1568)
Is ther not an appoynted time to man vpon earth? Are not his dayes also like the dayes of an hired seruaunt?
Authorized King James Version (1611)
¶ [Is there] not an appointed time to man upon earth? [are not] his days also like the days of an hireling?
Webster's Bible (1833)
"Isn't a man forced to labor on earth? Aren't his days like the days of a hired hand?
Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)
Is there not a warfare to man on earth? And as the days of an hireling his days?
American Standard Version (1901)
Is there not a warfare to man upon earth? And are not his days like the days of a hireling?
Bible in Basic English (1941)
Has not man his ordered time of trouble on the earth? and are not his days like the days of a servant working for payment?
World English Bible (2000)
"Isn't a man forced to labor on earth? Aren't his days like the days of a hired hand?
NET Bible® (New English Translation)
The Brevity of Life“Does not humanity have hard service on earth? Are not their days also like the days of a hired man?
Referenced Verses
- Job 14:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Job.14.5", "source": "אִ֥ם חֲרוּצִ֨ים ׀ יָמָ֗יו מִֽסְפַּר־חֳדָשָׁ֥יו אִתָּ֑ךְ *חקו **חֻקָּ֥יו עָ֝שִׂ֗יתָ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲבֽוֹר׃", "text": "*ʾim* *ḥărûṣîm* *yāmāyw* *mispar*-*ḥŏdāšāyw* *ʾittāk* *ḥuqqāyw* *ʿāśîtā* *wəlōʾ* *yaʿăbôr*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*ḥărûṣîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - determined/decided/fixed", "*yāmāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct + 3rd person, masculine, singular, suffix - his days", "*mispar*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - number of", "*ḥŏdāšāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct + 3rd person, masculine, singular, suffix - his months", "*ʾittāk*": "preposition + 2nd person, masculine, singular, suffix - with you", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct + 3rd person, masculine, singular, suffix - his limits/boundaries", "*ʿāśîtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular - you have made", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yaʿăbôr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he passes over/transgresses" }, "variants": { "*ḥărûṣîm*": "determined/fixed/decided/cut", "*mispar*": "number/count/reckoning", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "his limits/his boundaries/his prescribed limits", "*yaʿăbôr*": "passes over/transgresses/crosses/exceeds" } } 6 { "verseID": "Job.14.6", "source": "שְׁעֵ֣ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וְיֶחְדָּ֑ל עַד־יִ֝רְצֶ֗ה כְּשָׂכִ֥יר יוֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šəʿēh* *mēʿālāyw* *wəyeḥdāl* *ʿad*-*yirṣê* *kəśākîr* *yômô*", "grammar": { "*šəʿēh*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine, singular - look away/turn away", "*mēʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd person, masculine, singular, suffix - from upon him", "*wəyeḥdāl*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - and he ceases/desists", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*yirṣê*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he enjoys/is pleased with", "*kəśākîr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like a hired worker", "*yômô*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + 3rd person, masculine, singular, suffix - his day" }, "variants": { "*šəʿēh*": "look away/turn away/gaze away", "*yiḥdāl*": "ceases/desists/stops/leaves off", "*yirṣê*": "enjoys/is pleased with/accepts/finds satisfaction in", "*śākîr*": "hired worker/hireling/laborer", "*yômô*": "his day/his lifetime/his term" } }
- Ps 39:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.39.4", "source": "חַם־לִבִּ֨י ׀ בְּקִרְבִּ֗י בַּהֲגִיגִ֥י תִבְעַר־אֵ֑שׁ דִּ֝בַּ֗רְתִּי בִּלְשֽׁוֹנִי׃", "text": "*ḥam-libbî* in-*qirbî* in-*hăgîgî* *tibʿar-ʾēš* *dibbartî* with-*lišônî*", "grammar": { "*ḥam-libbî*": "adjective, masculine singular and noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - hot/warm (was) my heart", "*qirbî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition 'bə' - in my inward part", "*hăgîgî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition 'ba' - in my meditation/musing", "*tibʿar-ʾēš*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular and noun, feminine singular - burned fire/fire kindled", "*dibbartî*": "verb, piel perfect 1st person singular - I spoke", "*lišônî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition 'bə' - with my tongue" }, "variants": { "*ḥam-libbî*": "my heart was hot/burning/inflamed", "*qirbî*": "my inward part/inner being/midst", "*hăgîgî*": "my meditation/musing/sighing", "*tibʿar-ʾēš*": "fire burned/kindled/ignited", "*dibbartî*": "I spoke/said/uttered" } }
- Job 14:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "Job.14.13", "source": "מִ֤י יִתֵּ֨ן ׀ בִּשְׁא֬וֹל תַּצְפִּנֵ֗נִי תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי עַד־שׁ֣וּב אַפֶּ֑ךָ תָּ֤שִֽׁית לִ֖י חֹ֣ק וְתִזְכְּרֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*mî* *yittēn* *bišʾôl* *taṣpînēnî* *tastîrēnî* *ʿad*-*šûb* *ʾappekā* *tāšît* *lî* *ḥōq* *wətizkerēnî*", "grammar": { "*mî* *yittēn*": "interrogative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - who would give (idiomatic: if only/O that)", "*bišʾôl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - in Sheol", "*taṣpînēnî*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular + 1st person, singular, suffix - you would hide me", "*tastîrēnî*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular + 1st person, singular, suffix - you would conceal me", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*šûb*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - turning back of", "*ʾappekā*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + 2nd person, masculine, singular, suffix - your anger", "*tāšît*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular - you would set/appoint", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person, singular, suffix - for me", "*ḥōq*": "noun, masculine, singular - decree/limit/boundary", "*wətizkerēnî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular + 1st person, singular, suffix - and you would remember me" }, "variants": { "*mî* *yittēn*": "who would give/if only/O that (idiomatic expression)", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld", "*taṣpînēnî*": "hide me/conceal me/treasure me up", "*tastîrēnî*": "conceal me/hide me/shelter me", "*šûb*": "turning back/return/subsiding", "*ʾappekā*": "your anger/your wrath/your nostrils", "*tāšît*": "set/appoint/establish", "*ḥōq*": "decree/statute/appointed time/limit", "*tizkerēnî*": "remember me/be mindful of me/take notice of me" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.14.14", "source": "אִם־יָמ֥וּת גֶּ֗בֶר הֲיִ֫חְיֶ֥ה כָּל־יְמֵ֣י צְבָאִ֣י אֲיַחֵ֑ל עַד־בּ֝֗וֹא חֲלִיפָתִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*yāmût* *geber* *hăyiḥyê* *kol*-*yəmê* *ṣəbāʾî* *ʾăyaḥēl* *ʿad*-*bôʾ* *ḥălîpātî*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yāmût*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he dies", "*geber*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/mighty man", "*hăyiḥyê*": "interrogative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - will he live", "*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all of", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - days of", "*ṣəbāʾî*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + 1st person, singular, suffix - my warfare/service", "*ʾăyaḥēl*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person, singular - I will wait", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*bôʾ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - coming of", "*ḥălîpātî*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct + 1st person, singular, suffix - my renewal/relief/change" }, "variants": { "*yāmût*": "dies/perishes", "*geber*": "man/strong man/warrior", "*yiḥyê*": "lives/revives/comes to life", "*ṣābāʾ*": "warfare/hard service/army service", "*ʾăyaḥēl*": "wait/hope/expect", "*ḥălîpâ*": "renewal/relief/change/replacement" } }
- Lev 25:50 : 50 { "verseID": "Leviticus.25.50", "source": "וְחִשַּׁב֙ עִם־קֹנֵ֔הוּ מִשְּׁנַת֙ הִמָּ֣כְרוֹ ל֔וֹ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְהָיָ֞ה כֶּ֤סֶף מִמְכָּרוֹ֙ בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שָׁנִ֔ים כִּימֵ֥י שָׂכִ֖יר יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*ḥiššab* with-*qōnêhû* from-*šĕnat* *himmākrô* to-him until *šĕnat* the-*yōbēl* and-*hāyâ* *kesep* *mimkārô* in-*mispar* *šānîm* like-*yĕmê* *śākîr* *yihyeh* with-him.", "grammar": { "*ḥiššab*": "3rd person masculine singular piel perfect with waw consecutive - he shall calculate/reckon", "*qōnêhû*": "masculine singular qal participle with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his buyer", "*šĕnat*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*himmākrô*": "niphal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his being sold", "*šĕnat*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*yōbēl*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the jubilee", "*hāyâ*": "3rd person masculine singular qal perfect with waw consecutive - it shall be", "*kesep*": "masculine singular construct - money of/price of", "*mimkārô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sale", "*mispar*": "masculine singular construct - number of", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural noun - years", "*yĕmê*": "masculine plural construct - days of", "*śākîr*": "masculine singular noun - hired laborer", "*yihyeh*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect - he shall be" }, "variants": { "*ḥiššab*": "calculate/reckon/compute", "*qōnêhû*": "his buyer/purchaser/the one who bought him", "*himmākrô*": "his being sold/his sale", "*yōbēl*": "jubilee/ram's horn/fiftieth year", "*kesep* *mimkārô*": "price of his sale/his selling price" } }
- Deut 15:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.15.18", "source": "לֹא־יִקְשֶׁ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֗ךָ בְּשַׁלֵּֽחֲךָ֨ אֹת֤וֹ חָפְשִׁי֙ מֵֽעִמָּ֔ךְ כִּ֗י מִשְׁנֶה֙ שְׂכַ֣ר שָׂכִ֔יר עֲבֽ͏ָדְךָ֖ שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וּבֵֽרַכְךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶֽׂה׃", "text": "Not shall it be *qāšāh* in your *ʿayin* in your *šālaḥ* *ʾēṯ*-him *ḥāpšî* from with you, for *mišneh* *śāḵār* *śāḵîr* he has *ʿāḇaḏ* you *šēš* *šānîm*; and shall *bāraḵ* you *YHWH* your *ʾĕlōhîm* in all which you *ʿāśāh*.", "grammar": { "*qāšāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be hard", "*ʿayin*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine plural - your eyes", "*šālaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct with possessive suffix, 2nd person masculine singular - your sending away", "*ḥāpšî*": "adjective, masculine singular - free", "*mišneh*": "construct state, masculine singular - double of", "*śāḵār*": "construct state, masculine singular - wage of", "*śāḵîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired laborer", "*ʿāḇaḏ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has served", "*šēš*": "numeral - six", "*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years", "*bāraḵ*": "piel perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will bless", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - your God", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you do" }, "variants": { "*qāšāh*": "be hard/be difficult/be grievous", "*mišneh* *śāḵār* *śāḵîr*": "double the wage of a hired worker", "*bāraḵ*": "bless/favor/prosper" } }
- Job 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Job.5.7", "source": "כִּֽי־אָ֭דָם לְעָמָ֣ל יוּלָּ֑ד וּבְנֵי־רֶ֝֗שֶׁף יַגְבִּ֥יהוּ עֽוּף׃", "text": "*kî*-*ʾādām* to-*ʿāmāl* *yûllād* *û*-*benê*-*rešef* *yagbîhû* *ʿûf*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - trouble/labor", "*yûllād*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is born", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*benê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*rešef*": "noun, masculine singular - flame/spark/fire-bolt", "*yagbîhû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they make high", "*ʿûf*": "infinitive - to fly" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/human", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/labor/toil", "*benê*-*rešef*": "sons of flame/sparks/birds of prey", "*yagbîhû*": "make high/soar/lift up", "*ʿûf*": "to fly/soar" } }
- Eccl 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.8.8", "source": "אֵ֣ין אָדָ֞ם שַׁלִּ֤יט בָּר֙וּחַ֙ לִכְל֣וֹא אֶת־הָר֔וּחַ וְאֵ֤ין שִׁלְטוֹן֙ בְּי֣וֹם הַמָּ֔וֶת וְאֵ֥ין מִשְׁלַ֖חַת בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־יְמַלֵּ֥ט רֶ֖שַׁע אֶת־בְּעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "No *ʾādām* *šallîṭ* in-the-*rûaḥ* to-*kilôʾ* *ʾet*-the-*rûaḥ* and-no *šilṭôn* in-*yôm* the-*māwet* and-no *mišlaḥat* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-not-*yĕmallēṭ* *rešaʿ* *ʾet*-*bĕʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*šallîṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - having power/ruler", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/breath/spirit", "*kilôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - to restrain", "*šilṭôn*": "noun, masculine singular - power/authority", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*māwet*": "noun, masculine singular - death", "*mišlaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular - discharge/release", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*yĕmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - delivers/rescues", "*rešaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - wickedness", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its masters/owners" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/human", "*šallîṭ*": "ruler/having power over", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*kilôʾ*": "to restrain/to hold back/to retain", "*šilṭôn*": "power/authority/control", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*māwet*": "death", "*mišlaḥat*": "discharge/release/sending away", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/combat", "*yĕmallēṭ*": "delivers/rescues/saves", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/iniquity", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "its owners/its masters/those who practice it" } }
- Isa 21:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.16", "source": "כִּי־כֹ֛ה אָמַ֥ר אֲדֹנָ֖י אֵלָ֑י בְּע֤וֹד שָׁנָה֙ כִּשְׁנֵ֣י שָׂכִ֔יר וְכָלָ֖ה כָּל־כְּב֥וֹד קֵדָֽר׃", "text": "For-thus *'āmar* *'adōnāy* to me in *'ôd* *šānāh* like *šənê* *śākîr* and *kālāh* all-*kəbôd* *qēdār*", "grammar": { "*'āmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*'adōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*'ôd*": "adverb - yet/still", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*šənê*": "noun, masculine dual construct - years of", "*śākîr*": "noun, masculine singular - hired laborer", "*kālāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will end/be finished", "*kəbôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*qēdār*": "proper noun - Kedar" }, "variants": { "*'ôd šānāh kišnê śākîr*": "within a year, as the years of a hired worker/in one year, according to the years of a hired man", "*kālāh*": "will end/will be finished/will come to an end", "*kəbôd qēdār*": "glory of Kedar/splendor of Kedar" } }
- Isa 38:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.38.5", "source": "הָל֞וֹךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔יךָ שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־תְּפִלָּתֶ֔ךָ רָאִ֖יתִי אֶת־דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָ הִנְנִי֙ יוֹסִ֣ף עַל־יָמֶ֔יךָ חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃", "text": "*Hālôk* and-*wəʾāmartā* to-*Ḥizqîyāhû* thus-*kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Dāwid* *ʾābîkā* *šāmaʿtî* *ʾet*-*təpillātekā* *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*dimʿātekā* behold-me *yôsip* upon-*yāmêkā* *ḥămēš* *ʿeśrēh* *šānāh*.", "grammar": { "*Hālôk*": "qal infinitive absolute - go", "*wəʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with waw conjunction - and you shall say", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾābîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your father", "*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have heard", "*təpillātekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your prayer", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have seen", "*dimʿātekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your tear", "*yôsip*": "qal participle, masculine singular - adding", "*yāmêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your days", "*ḥămēš*": "numeral, feminine - five", "*ʿeśrēh*": "numeral, feminine - ten", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of, deity of", "*šāmaʿtî*": "I have heard, I have listened to, I have obeyed", "*təpillātekā*": "your prayer, your petition", "*dimʿātekā*": "your tear, your weeping", "*yôsip*": "adding, increasing, prolonging" } }
- Isa 40:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.40.2", "source": "דַּבְּר֞וּ עַל־לֵ֤ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וְקִרְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֤י מָֽלְאָה֙ צְבָאָ֔הּ כִּ֥י נִרְצָ֖ה עֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּ֤י לָקְחָה֙ מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּפְלַ֖יִם בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָ׃ ס", "text": "*dabběrû ʿal-lēb yěrûšālaim wě-qirʾû ʾēlêhā kî mālěʾāh ṣěbāʾāh kî nirṣāh ʿăwōnāh kî lāqěḥāh miyyad YHWH kipělayim běkol-ḥaṭṭōʾtêhā*", "grammar": { "*dabběrû*": "piel imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - 'speak'", "*ʿal-lēb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'to/upon heart of'", "*yěrûšālaim*": "proper noun - 'Jerusalem'", "*wě-qirʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - 'and call'", "*ʾēlêhā*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'to her'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'that/because/for'", "*mālěʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'she has completed/fulfilled'", "*ṣěbāʾāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'her service/warfare'", "*nirṣāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'has been accepted/satisfied'", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'her iniquity'", "*lāqěḥāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'she has received/taken'", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - 'from hand of'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*kipělayim*": "noun, masculine dual - 'double/twice'", "*běkol-ḥaṭṭōʾtêhā*": "preposition + noun + noun, feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'for all her sins'" }, "variants": { "*dabběrû ʿal-lēb*": "speak to heart/speak tenderly", "*mālěʾāh ṣěbāʾāh*": "completed her service/fulfilled her hard service/finished her warfare", "*nirṣāh*": "has been accepted/has been pardoned/has been paid", "*miyyad YHWH*": "from the hand of the LORD/from the LORD's power", "*kipělayim*": "double amount/twice as much" } }
- Matt 20:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.1", "source": "¶Ὁμοία γάρ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐξῆλθεν ἅμα πρωῒ μισθώσασθαι ἐργάτας εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα αὐτοῦ.", "text": "For *homoia* *estin* the *basileia* of the *ouranōn* to *anthrōpō* *oikodespotē*, who *exēlthen* *hama* early to *misthōsasthai* *ergatas* into the *ampelōna* of him.", "grammar": { "*homoia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - like/similar", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is", "*basileia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - kingdom", "*ouranōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - heavens", "*anthrōpō*": "dative, masculine, singular - man", "*oikodespotē*": "dative, masculine, singular - householder/master of house", "*exēlthen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - went out", "*hama*": "adverb - at once/together with", "*prōi*": "adverb - early morning", "*misthōsasthai*": "aorist infinitive, middle - to hire", "*ergatas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - workers/laborers", "*ampelōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - vineyard" }, "variants": { "*homoia*": "like/similar/comparable to", "*oikodespotē*": "householder/master of house/estate owner", "*hama*": "at once/together with/simultaneously" } } 2 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.2", "source": "Συμφωνήσας δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἐργατῶν ἐκ δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν, ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα αὐτοῦ.", "text": "*De* having *symphōnēsas* with the *ergatōn* for *dēnariou* the *hēmeran*, he *apesteilen* them into the *ampelōna* of him.", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - and/but/now", "*symphōnēsas*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having agreed", "*ergatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - workers/laborers", "*dēnariou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - denarius (Roman coin)", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*apesteilen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - sent", "*ampelōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - vineyard" }, "variants": { "*symphōnēsas*": "having agreed/having made an agreement", "*ek dēnariou*": "for a denarius/at the rate of a denarius" } } 3 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.3", "source": "Καὶ ἐξελθὼν περὶ τήν τρίτην ὥραν, εἶδεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἀργούς,", "text": "And having *exelthōn* about the *tritēn* *hōran*, he *eiden* others *hestōtas* in the *agora* *argous*,", "grammar": { "*exelthōn*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having gone out", "*tritēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - third", "*hōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hour", "*eiden*": "aorist, 3rd singular - saw", "*hestōtas*": "perfect participle, accusative, masculine, plural - standing", "*agora*": "dative, feminine, singular - marketplace", "*argous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - idle/unemployed" }, "variants": { "*peri tēn tritēn hōran*": "around the third hour (about 9:00 am)", "*agora*": "marketplace/public square", "*argous*": "idle/unemployed/without work" } } 4 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.4", "source": "Κἀκείνοις Εἶπεν· Ὑπάγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ ὃ ἐὰν ᾖ δίκαιον δώσω ὑμῖν.", "text": "And to those he *eipen*: *Hypagete* also you into the *ampelōna*, and whatever *ean* *ē* *dikaion* I will *dōsō* to you.", "grammar": { "*kakeinois*": "contraction of *kai ekeinois* - and to those", "*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said", "*hypagete*": "present imperative, 2nd plural - go", "*ampelōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - vineyard", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if/whatever", "*ē*": "present subjunctive, 3rd singular - may be", "*dikaion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - just/right", "*dōsō*": "future, 1st singular - will give" }, "variants": { "*dikaion*": "right/just/fair", "*dōsō*": "will give/will pay" } } 5 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.5", "source": "Οἱ δὲ ἀπῆλθόν. ⋄Πάλιν ἐξελθὼν περὶ ἕκτην καὶ ἐνάτην ὥραν, ἐποίησεν ὡσαύτως.", "text": "*De* they *apēlthon*. Again having *exelthōn* about *hektēn* and *enatēn* *hōran*, he *epoiēsen* *hōsautōs*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*apēlthon*": "aorist, 3rd plural - went away", "*exelthōn*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having gone out", "*hektēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sixth", "*enatēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - ninth", "*hōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hour", "*epoiēsen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - did/made", "*hōsautōs*": "adverb - likewise/in the same way" }, "variants": { "*hektēn*": "sixth hour (about noon)", "*enatēn*": "ninth hour (about 3:00 pm)", "*hōsautōs*": "likewise/in the same way/similarly" } } 6 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.6", "source": "Περὶ δὲ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν ἐξελθών, εὗρεν ἄλλους ἑστῶτας ἀργούς, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἀργοί;", "text": "*De* about the *hendekatēn* *hōran* having *exelthōn*, he *heuren* others *hestōtas* *argous*, and *legei* to them, Why here do you *hestēkate* *holēn* the *hēmeran* *argoi*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*hendekatēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - eleventh", "*hōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hour", "*exelthōn*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having gone out", "*heuren*": "aorist, 3rd singular - found", "*hestōtas*": "perfect participle, accusative, masculine, plural - standing", "*argous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - idle", "*legei*": "present, 3rd singular - says/is saying", "*hestēkate*": "perfect, 2nd plural - have been standing", "*holēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - whole/entire", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*argoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - idle" }, "variants": { "*hendekatēn hōran*": "eleventh hour (about 5:00 pm)", "*argoi*": "idle/unemployed/without work" } } 7 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.7", "source": "Λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, Ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἐμισθώσατο. Λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ὑπάγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα· καὶ ὃ ἐὰν ᾕ δίκαιον, λήψεσθε.", "text": "They *legousin* to him, Because *oudeis* us *emisthōsato*. He *legei* to them, *Hypagete* also you into the *ampelōna*; and whatever *ean* *ē* *dikaion*, you shall *lēpsesthe*.", "grammar": { "*legousin*": "present, 3rd plural - they say/are saying", "*oudeis*": "nominative, masculine, singular - no one", "*emisthōsato*": "aorist, 3rd singular, middle - hired", "*legei*": "present, 3rd singular - says/is saying", "*hypagete*": "present imperative, 2nd plural - go", "*ampelōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - vineyard", "*ean*": "conditional particle - if/whatever", "*ē*": "present subjunctive, 3rd singular - may be", "*dikaion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - just/right", "*lēpsesthe*": "future, 2nd plural, middle - you will receive" }, "variants": { "*hoti*": "because/that", "*dikaion*": "right/just/fair", "*lēpsesthe*": "you will receive/you will get" } } 8 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.8", "source": "Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, λέγει ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος τῷ ἐπιτρόπῳ αὐτοῦ, Κάλεσον τοὺς ἐργάτας, καὶ ἀπόδος αὐτοῖς τὸν μισθόν, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων.", "text": "*De* *opsias* having *genomenēs*, *legei* the *kyrios* of the *ampelōnos* to the *epitropō* of him, *Kaleson* the *ergatas*, and *apodos* to them the *misthon*, having *arxamenos* from the *eschatōn* until the *prōtōn*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*opsias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - evening", "*genomenēs*": "aorist participle, genitive, feminine, singular - having come/become", "*legei*": "present, 3rd singular - says/is saying", "*kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - lord/master", "*ampelōnos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - vineyard", "*epitropō*": "dative, masculine, singular - steward/manager", "*kaleson*": "aorist imperative, 2nd singular - call", "*ergatas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - workers", "*apodos*": "aorist imperative, 2nd singular - pay/give", "*misthon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wages/payment", "*arxamenos*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular, middle - having begun", "*eschatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - last ones", "*prōtōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - first ones" }, "variants": { "*opsias genomenēs*": "when evening had come/when it was evening", "*kyrios*": "lord/master/owner", "*epitropos*": "steward/manager/foreman", "*misthon*": "wages/payment/reward" } } 9 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.9", "source": "Καὶ ἐλθόντες οἱ περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν, ἔλαβον ἀνὰ δηνάριον.", "text": "And having *elthontes* those about the *hendekatēn* *hōran*, they *elabon* each *ana* *dēnarion*.", "grammar": { "*elthontes*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having come", "*hendekatēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - eleventh", "*hōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hour", "*elabon*": "aorist, 3rd plural - received/took", "*ana*": "distributive preposition - each/apiece", "*dēnarion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - denarius" }, "variants": { "*hoi peri tēn hendekatēn hōran*": "those hired about the eleventh hour", "*ana dēnarion*": "each a denarius/a denarius apiece" } } 10 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.10", "source": "Ἐλθόντες δὲ οἱ πρῶτοι, ἐνόμισαν ὅτι πλεῖονα λήψονται· καὶ ἔλαβον καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀνὰ δηνάριον.", "text": "*De* having *elthontes* the *prōtoi*, they *enomisan* that *pleiona* they will *lēpsontai*; and *elabon* also they *ana* *dēnarion*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*elthontes*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having come", "*prōtoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - first ones", "*enomisan*": "aorist, 3rd plural - supposed/thought", "*pleiona*": "accusative, neuter, plural - more", "*lēpsontai*": "future, 3rd plural, middle - will receive", "*elabon*": "aorist, 3rd plural - received/took", "*ana*": "distributive preposition - each/apiece", "*dēnarion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - denarius" }, "variants": { "*enomisan*": "supposed/thought/expected", "*pleiona*": "more/greater amount" } } 11 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.11", "source": "Λαβόντες δὲ, ἐγόγγυζον κατὰ τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου,", "text": "*De* having *labontes*, they were *egongyzon* against the *oikodespotou*,", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*labontes*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having received", "*egongyzon*": "imperfect, 3rd plural - were grumbling/complaining", "*kata*": "preposition with genitive - against", "*oikodespotou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - householder/master" }, "variants": { "*egongyzon*": "were grumbling/complaining/murmuring", "*kata*": "against/in opposition to" } } 12 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.12", "source": "Λέγοντες, ὅτι Οὗτοι οἱ ἔσχατοι μίαν ὥραν ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἴσους ἡμῖν αὐτοὺς ἐποίησας, τοῖς βαστάσασιν τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα.", "text": "*Legontes*, that These the *eschatoi* one *hōran* *epoiēsan*, and *isous* to us them you *epoiēsas*, to those having *bastasasin* the *baros* of the *hēmeras* and the *kausōna*.", "grammar": { "*legontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*eschatoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - last ones", "*mian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - one", "*hōran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - hour", "*epoiēsan*": "aorist, 3rd plural - did/worked", "*isous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - equal", "*epoiēsas*": "aorist, 2nd singular - made/have made", "*bastasasin*": "aorist participle, dative, masculine, plural - having borne/carried", "*baros*": "accusative, neuter, singular - burden/weight", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - day", "*kausōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heat/scorching heat" }, "variants": { "*epoiēsan*": "worked/did/spent", "*isous*": "equal/the same as", "*baros*": "burden/weight/load", "*kausōna*": "scorching heat/burning heat" } } 13 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.13", "source": "Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν ἑνὶ αὐτῶν, Ἑταῖρε, οὐκ ἀδικῶ σε: οὐχὶ δηναρίου συνεφώνησάς μοι;", "text": "*De* he having *apokritheis* *eipen* to one of them, *Hetaire*, not I *adikō* you: not for a *dēnariou* did you *synephōnēsas* with me?", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*apokritheis*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular, passive - having answered", "*eipen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - said", "*heni*": "dative, masculine, singular - to one", "*hetaire*": "vocative, masculine, singular - friend/companion", "*adikō*": "present, 1st singular - I wrong/injure", "*dēnariou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - denarius", "*synephōnēsas*": "aorist, 2nd singular - you agreed" }, "variants": { "*hetaire*": "friend/companion/fellow (can be used in a neutral or slightly reproachful sense)", "*adikō*": "wrong/treat unjustly/harm", "*synephōnēsas*": "agreed/made an agreement" } } 14 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.14", "source": "Ἆρον τὸ σὸν, καὶ ὕπαγε: θέλω δὲ τούτῳ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ δοῦναι, ὡς καὶ σοί.", "text": "*Aron* the *son*, and *hypage*: I *thelō* *de* to this the *eschatō* to *dounai*, as also to you.", "grammar": { "*aron*": "aorist imperative, 2nd singular - take", "*son*": "accusative, neuter, singular - yours", "*hypage*": "present imperative, 2nd singular - go", "*thelō*": "present, 1st singular - I wish/want", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*toutō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to this one", "*eschatō*": "dative, masculine, singular - last one", "*dounai*": "aorist infinitive - to give" }, "variants": { "*aron*": "take/pick up", "*hypage*": "go/go away", "*thelō*": "wish/want/desire" } } 15 { "verseID": "Matthew.20.15", "source": "Ἢ οὐκ ἔξεστίν μοι ποιῆσαι ὃ θέλω ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς; εἰ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἀγαθός εἰμι;", "text": "Or not is it *exestin* for me to *poiēsai* what I *thelō* with the things *emois*? If the *ophthalmos* of you *ponēros* *estin*, because I *agathos* *eimi*?", "grammar": { "*ē*": "conjunction - or", "*exestin*": "present, 3rd singular - it is lawful/permitted", "*poiēsai*": "aorist infinitive - to do", "*thelō*": "present, 1st singular - I wish/want", "*emois*": "dative, neuter, plural - my own things", "*ei*": "conditional particle - if", "*ophthalmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - eye", "*ponēros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - evil/bad", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because", "*agathos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - good", "*eimi*": "present, 1st singular - I am" }, "variants": { "*exestin*": "is lawful/is permitted/is allowed", "*ponēros*": "evil/bad/envious", "*ophthalmos ponēros*": "evil eye (idiom for envy/jealousy)", "*agathos*": "good/generous" } }
- John 11:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "John.11.9", "source": "Ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς, Οὐχὶ δώδεκα εἰσιν ὧραι τῆς ἡμέρας; Ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει.", "text": "*Apekrithē* *Iēsous*, *Ouchi* *dōdeka* *eisin* *hōrai* the *hēmeras*? *Ean* *tis* *peripatē* *en* the *hēmera*, *ou* *proskoptei*, *hoti* the *phōs* of the *kosmou* *toutou* *blepei*.", "grammar": { "*Apekrithē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - answered", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - proper name", "*Ouchi*": "negative interrogative particle - not", "*dōdeka*": "numeral - twelve", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - are", "*hōrai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - hours", "*hēmeras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of day", "*Ean*": "conditional particle - if", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - anyone", "*peripatē*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd singular - walks/may walk", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*hēmera*": "dative, feminine, singular - day", "*ou*": "negative particle - not", "*proskoptei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - stumbles", "*hoti*": "causal conjunction - because", "*phōs*": "accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - world", "*toutou*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - this", "*blepei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - sees/perceives" }, "variants": { "*Apekrithē*": "answered/replied/responded", "*Ouchi*": "not/is it not", "*hōrai*": "hours/periods of time", "*peripatē*": "walks/goes about/travels", "*proskoptei*": "stumbles/strikes against/trips", "*phōs*": "light/illumination", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/order", "*blepei*": "sees/perceives/looks at" } } 10 { "verseID": "John.11.10", "source": "Ἐὰν δέ τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί, προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ.", "text": "*Ean* *de* *tis* *peripatē* *en* the *nykti*, *proskoptei*, *hoti* the *phōs* *ouk* *estin* *en* *autō*.", "grammar": { "*Ean*": "conditional particle - if", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - anyone", "*peripatē*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd singular - walks/may walk", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*nykti*": "dative, feminine, singular - night", "*proskoptei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - stumbles", "*hoti*": "causal conjunction - because", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*autō*": "dative, masculine, singular, personal pronoun - him" }, "variants": { "*peripatē*": "walks/goes about/travels", "*nykti*": "night/darkness", "*proskoptei*": "stumbles/strikes against/trips", "*phōs*": "light/illumination" } }