Verse 17

{ "verseID": "Lamentations.1.17", "source": "פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה צִיּ֜וֹן בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לָ֔הּ צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב סְבִיבָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו הָיְתָ֧ה יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם לְנִדָּ֖ה בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "*pērśāh* *ṣîôn* with her *yāḏeyhā*, *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to her; *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* for *yaʿăqōḇ* his *səḇîḇāyw* his *ṣārāyw*; *hāyəṯāh* *yərûšālaim* to *niddāh* between them.", "grammar": { "*pērśāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she spreads out", "*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*bəyāḏeyhā*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 3rd feminine singular suffix - with her hands", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ləyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - for Jacob", "*səḇîḇāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his surroundings", "*ṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his adversaries", "*hāyəṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she became", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ləniddāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to impurity", "*bênêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - between them" }, "variants": { "*pērśāh yāḏeyhā*": "spreads out her hands/extends her hands/reaches out", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/decreed", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "Jacob/Israel", "*səḇîḇāyw ṣārāyw*": "those around him should be his adversaries/his neighbors should be his foes", "*niddāh*": "impurity/filth/menstrual impurity/something abhorrent" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Sion strekker ut sine hender, men ingen trøster henne. Herren har beordret at Jakobs naboer skal bli hans fiender; Jerusalem er blitt som uren blant dem.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Sion rekker ut sine hender, men det er ingen som trøster henne. Herren har befalt om Jakob at hans motstandere skal omringe ham. Jerusalem er blitt som en uren kvinne blant dem.

• Norsk King James

  Sion strekker ut sine hender, men ingen trøster henne. Herrens befaling til Jakob er at hans motstandere skal være rundt ham: Jerusalem er som en uønsket kvinne blant dem.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Sion rekker ut sine hender, men det er ingen som trøster henne. Herren har befalt om Jakob at de rundt ham skulle bli hans motstandere. Jerusalem er blitt som en uren kvinne blant dem.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Sion strekker ut hendene, men ingen trøster henne. Herren har befalt at Jakob skal være omringet av sine fiender. Jerusalem er blitt en avsky blant dem.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Sion brer ut sine hender, det er ingen til å trøste henne; Herren har befalt at fiendene skal være rundt Jakob; Jerusalem er som en uren kvinne blant dem.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Sion strekker ut hendene sine, men ingen er der til å trøste henne; HERREN har befalt at Jakobs motstandere skal samles rundt ham. Jerusalem er som en menstruerende kvinne midt blant dem.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Sion brer ut sine hender, det er ingen til å trøste henne; Herren har befalt at fiendene skal være rundt Jakob; Jerusalem er som en uren kvinne blant dem.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Sion strekker ut sine hender uten noen til å trøste henne. Herren har pålagt Jakob at hans naboer skal være hans fiender; Jerusalem er blitt uren blant dem.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Zion stretches out her hands, but there is no one to comfort her. The LORD has decreed for Jacob that his neighbors become his foes; Jerusalem has become an unclean thing among them.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Sion strekker ut sine hender, men det er ingen som trøster henne. Herren har befalt angrep over Jakob. Jerusalem har blitt som noe urent blant dem.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Zion udbreder sine Hænder, der er Ingen, som trøster den; Herren bød om Jakob, at de, (som vare) omkring ham, (skulde vorde) hans Modstandere; Jerusalem var som en ureen Qvinde imellem dem.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Sion strekker ut sine hender, og det er ingen som trøster henne: Herren har befalt om Jakob at hans motstandere skal omringe ham: Jerusalem er som en uren kvinne blant dem.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Zion spreads forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD has commanded concerning Jacob that his adversaries should be all around him: Jerusalem is like a menstruous woman among them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Sion sprer ut hendene; det er ingen til å trøste henne; Herren har befalt angående Jakob, at de som er rundt ham skal være hans motstandere: Jerusalem er blant dem som noe ureint.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Sion har strakt ut sine hender, det er ingen som trøster henne. Herren har beordret mot Jakob at hans naboer skal bli hans fiender. Jerusalem har blitt uren blant dem.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Sion strekker ut sine hender; det er ingen som trøster henne; Herren har befalt om Jakob, at de som er rundt ham skal være hans motstandere: Jerusalem er blant dem som noe urent.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Sions hender er utstrakt; hun har ingen trøster; Herren har gitt ordre til Jakobs angripere omkring ham: Jerusalem er blitt som en uren ting blant dem.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Sion casteth out hir hodes, and there is no man to comforte her. The LORDE hath layed the enemies rounde aboute Iacob, and Ierusalem is as it were a menstruous woma, in the myddest of them.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Zion stretcheth out her handes, and there is none to comfort her: the Lord hath appoynted the enemies of Iaakob rounde about him: Ierusalem is as a menstruous woman in the middes of them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Sion casteth out her handes, and there is no man to comfort her, the Lorde hath layde the enemies rounde about Iacob, and Hierusalem is become abhomination in the middest of them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Zion spreadeth forth her hands, [and there is] none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, [that] his adversaries [should be] round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Zion spreads forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; Yahweh has commanded concerning Jacob, that those who are round about him should be his adversaries: Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Spread forth hath Zion her hands, There is no comforter for her, Jehovah hath charged concerning Jacob, His neighbours `are' his adversaries, Jerusalem hath become impure among them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; Jehovah hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries: Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Zion's hands are outstretched; she has no comforter; the Lord has given orders to the attackers of Jacob round about him: Jerusalem has become like an unclean thing among them.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Zion spreads forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; Yahweh has commanded concerning Jacob, that those who are around him should be his adversaries: Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  פ(Pe)The Prophet Speaks: Zion spread out her hands, but there is no one to comfort her. The LORD has issued a decree against Jacob; his neighbors have become his enemies. Jerusalem has become like filthy garbage in their midst.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 4:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.31", "source": "כִּי֩ ק֨וֹל כְּחוֹלָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי צָרָה֙ כְּמַבְכִּירָ֔ה ק֧וֹל בַּת־צִיּ֛וֹן תִּתְיַפֵּ֖חַ תְּפָרֵ֣שׂ כַּפֶּ֑יהָ אֽוֹי־נָ֣א לִ֔י כִּֽי־עָיְפָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י לְהֹרְגִֽים׃ פ", "text": "For *qôl* like *ḥôlāh* *šāmaʿtî*, *ṣārāh* like *məbakkîrāh*, *qôl* *bat*-*Ṣiyyôn* *tityappēaḥ* *təpārēś* *kappehâ*; *ʾôy*-*nāʾ* to me, for *ʿāyəpāh* my *napšî* to *hōrəgîm*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "masculine singular noun - voice/sound", "*ḥôlāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - one in labor/birth pains", "*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I heard", "*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/anguish", "*məbakkîrāh*": "piel participle, feminine singular - woman bearing first child", "*qôl*": "masculine singular noun, construct - voice of", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*tityappēaḥ*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - gasps for breath", "*təpārēś*": "piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - spreads out", "*kappehâ*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hands", "*ʾôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ʿāyəpāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is faint/exhausted", "*napšî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*hōrəgîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - murderers/killers" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "voice/sound/cry", "*ḥôlāh*": "one in labor/birth pains/woman giving birth", "*šāmaʿtî*": "heard/listened to/perceived", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/anguish/trouble", "*məbakkîrāh*": "woman bearing first child/first-time mother", "*bat*": "daughter/female inhabitant", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "Zion (refers to Jerusalem)", "*tityappēaḥ*": "gasps for breath/pants/sighs", "*təpārēś*": "spreads out/extends/stretches forth", "*kappehâ*": "her hands/palms", "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/ah!", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*ʿāyəpāh*": "is faint/exhausted/weary", "*napšî*": "my soul/life/self", "*hōrəgîm*": "murderers/killers/slayers" } }
• Lam 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.9", "source": "טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס", "text": "Her *ṭumʾāṯāh* in her *šûleyhā*, *lōʾ* *zāḵərāh* her *ʾaḥărîṯāh*, *wa*-*tēreḏ* *pəlāʾîm*; *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to her; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-my *ʿānəyî*, *kî* *hiḡdîl* *ʾôyēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness", "*bəšûleyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her skirts", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her end/future", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*tēreḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she came down", "*pəlāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/astonishingly", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿānəyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my affliction", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiḡdîl*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified himself", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "her uncleanness/her impurity/her filthiness", "*šûleyhā*": "her skirts/her hems/her garment edges", "*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she considered", "*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "her end/her future/her outcome", "*tēreḏ pəlāʾîm*": "came down wonderfully/fell astonishingly/descended incredibly", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler", "*rəʾēh*": "see/look/behold", "*ʿānəyî*": "my affliction/my suffering/my misery", "*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/acted proudly/boasted", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary" } }
• Isa 1:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.15", "source": "וּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣ם כַּפֵּיכֶ֗ם אַעְלִ֤ים עֵינַי֙ מִכֶּ֔ם גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ יְדֵיכֶ֖ם דָּמִ֥ים מָלֵֽאוּ׃", "text": "*ûbᵉpāriśkem* *kappêkem* *ʾa'lîm* *'ênay* *mikkem* *gam* *kî*-*tarbû* *tᵉpillâ* *ʾênennî* *šōmēa'* *yᵉdêkem* *dāmîm* *mālēʾû*", "grammar": { "*ûbᵉpāriśkem*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bᵉ- + verb, piel infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and when you spread out", "*kappêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your palms/hands", "*ʾa'lîm*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will hide", "*'ênay*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mikkem*": "preposition min + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from you", "*gam*": "adverb - even/also", "*kî*": "conjunction - though/when", "*tarbû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you multiply", "*tᵉpillâ*": "noun, feminine singular - prayer", "*ʾênennî*": "negative particle + 1st person singular suffix - I am not", "*šōmēa'*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - hearing/listening", "*yᵉdêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your hands", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bloods/bloodshed", "*mālēʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are full" }, "variants": { "*pāriśkem*": "spread out/stretch forth/extend", "*kappêkem*": "your palms/hands/open hands", "*ʾa'lîm*": "hide/conceal/avert", "*tarbû*": "multiply/increase/make many", "*tᵉpillâ*": "prayer/supplication/intercession", "*šōmēa'*": "hearing/listening/heeding", "*dāmîm*": "bloods/bloodshed/blood guilt" } }
• Lam 1:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.16", "source": "עַל־אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ אֲנִ֣י בוֹכִיָּ֗ה עֵינִ֤י ׀ עֵינִי֙ יֹ֣רְדָה מַּ֔יִם כִּֽי־רָחַ֥ק מִמֶּ֛נִּי מְנַחֵ֖ם מֵשִׁ֣יב נַפְשִׁ֑י הָי֤וּ בָנַי֙ שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ים כִּ֥י גָבַ֖ר אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס", "text": "Upon-*ʾēlleh* *ʾănî* *ḇôḵîyāh*, my *ʿênî* my *ʿênî* *yōrəḏāh* *mayim*, *kî*-*rāḥaq* from me *mənaḥēm* *mēšîḇ* my *nap̄šî*; *hāyû* my *ḇānay* *šômēmîm*, *kî* *ḡāḇar* *ʾôyēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun - these", "*ʾănî*": "1st singular personal pronoun - I", "*ḇôḵîyāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - weeping", "*ʿênî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my eye", "*yōrəḏāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - running down", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rāḥaq*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is far", "*mimmennî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - from me", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*mēšîḇ*": "hifil participle, masculine singular construct - restorer of", "*nap̄šî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became", "*ḇānay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my children", "*šômēmîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - desolate", "*ḡāḇar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he prevailed", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*ḇôḵîyāh*": "weeping/crying", "*ʿênî ʿênî yōrəḏāh mayim*": "my eye, my eye runs down with water/my eyes shed streams of tears", "*rāḥaq*": "is far/is distant/has gone away", "*mənaḥēm mēšîḇ nap̄šî*": "comforter who restores my soul/consoler who revives my spirit", "*ḇānay*": "my children/my sons", "*šômēmîm*": "desolate/devastated/stunned", "*ḡāḇar*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary" } }
• 2 Kgs 24:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.24.2", "source": "וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בּ֡וֹ אֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּים֩ וְאֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֨י אֲרָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ גְּדוּדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ גְּדוּדֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥ם בִּֽיהוּדָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲבִיד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayəšallaḥ* *YHWH* against-him *ʾeṯ*-*gəḏûḏê* *kaśdîm* and-*ʾeṯ*-*gəḏûḏê* *ʾărām* and-*ʾēṯ* *gəḏûḏê* *môʾāḇ* and-*ʾēṯ* *gəḏûḏê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-*wayəšalləḥēm* in-*yəhûḏāh* to-*haʾăḇîḏô* according-to-*ḏəḇar* *YHWH* which *dibber* by-*yaḏ* *ʿăḇāḏāyw* *hannəḇîʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*gəḏûḏê*": "masculine plural construct noun - bands/troops of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wayəšalləḥēm*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he sent them", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*haʾăḇîḏô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to destroy it/him", "*ḏəḇar*": "masculine singular construct noun - word of", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct noun - hand of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*hannəḇîʾîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the prophets" }, "variants": { "*gəḏûḏê*": "bands/troops/raiders/marauders", "*haʾăḇîḏô*": "to destroy it/him/to bring it to ruin", "*yaḏ*": "hand of/by means of/through" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Kings.24.3", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה לְהָסִ֖יר מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו בְּחַטֹּ֣את מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃", "text": "Surely upon-*pî* *YHWH* *hāyəṯāh* in-*yəhûḏāh* to-*hāsîr* from-upon *pānāyw* because-of-*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯ* *mənaššeh* according-to-all which *ʿāśāh*.", "grammar": { "*pî*": "masculine singular construct noun - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - LORD", "*hāyəṯāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it happened/came to be", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*hāsîr*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to remove/take away", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯ*": "feminine plural construct noun - sins of", "*mənaššeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made" }, "variants": { "*pî*": "mouth/command/word", "*hāyəṯāh*": "it came to be/it was (feminine subject)", "*hāsîr*": "to remove/cast away/take away", "*pānāyw*": "his face/presence/before him" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Kings.24.4", "source": "וְגַ֤ם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפָ֔ךְ וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לִסְלֹֽחַ׃", "text": "And-also *dam*-*hannāqî* which *šāp̄āḵ* and-*wayəmallēʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*yərûšālaim* *dām* *nāqî* and-not-*ʾāḇāh* *YHWH* *lisəlōaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*dam*": "masculine singular construct noun - blood of", "*hannāqî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the innocent", "*šāp̄āḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he shed/poured out", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he filled", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*nāqî*": "masculine singular adjective - innocent", "*ʾāḇāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing/consented", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - LORD", "*lisəlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to forgive" }, "variants": { "*šāp̄āḵ*": "shed/poured out/spilled", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "and he filled/made full", "*ʾāḇāh*": "was willing/consented/desired" } }
• 2 Kgs 25:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Kings.25.1", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁנַ֨ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֜ית לְמָלְכ֗וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֧וּא וְכָל־חֵיל֛וֹ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ דָּיֵ֖ק סָבִֽיב׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* in *šānâ* the *təšîʿît* to *mālak* his in *ḥōdeš* the *ʿaśîrî* in *ʿāśôr* to *ḥōdeš*, *bôʾ* *nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar* *melek* *bāḇel* he and all *ḥayil* his against *yərûšālayim* and *ḥānâ* against her and *bānâ* against her *dāyēq* around.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "conjunction + consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*šānâ*": "construct state, feminine singular - year", "*təšîʿît*": "ordinal number, feminine singular - ninth", "*mālak*": "infinitive construct with lamed + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to reign/rule his", "*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - month", "*ʿaśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*ʿāśôr*": "noun, masculine singular - tenth (day)", "*bôʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bāḇel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - army/force his", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ḥānâ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - encamped/laid siege", "*bānâ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - built", "*dāyēq*": "noun, masculine singular - siege wall/bulwark" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/became", "*bôʾ*": "came/arrived/entered", "*ḥānâ*": "encamped/pitched camp/besieged", "*dāyēq*": "siege wall/bulwark/mound/watchtower" } }
• Lev 15:19-27 : 19 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.19", "source": "וְאִשָּׁה֙ כִּֽי־תִהְיֶ֣ה זָבָ֔ה דָּ֛ם יִהְיֶ֥ה זֹבָ֖הּ בִּבְשָׂרָ֑הּ שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה בְנִדָּתָ֔הּ וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And *ʾiššāh* when *tihyeh* *zābāh*, *dām* *yihyeh* *zōbāh* in *bibśārāh*, *šibʿat* *yāmîm* *tihyeh* in *bĕniddātāh*, and all the *hannōgēaʿ* in her *yiṭmāʾ* until the *hāʿāreb*", "grammar": { "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be", "*zābāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - having discharge/flowing", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*zōbāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her discharge", "*bibśārāh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her flesh", "*šibʿat*": "numeral, feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*bĕniddātāh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her menstruation", "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unclean", "*hāʿāreb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": { "*zābāh*": "having a discharge/flowing", "*bĕniddātāh*": "in her impurity/in her menstruation/in her separation" } } 20 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.20", "source": "וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו בְּנִדָּתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֑א וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא׃", "text": "And everything which *tiškab* upon it in *bĕniddātāh* *yiṭmāʾ*, and everything which *tēšēb* upon it *yiṭmāʾ*", "grammar": { "*tiškab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she lies", "*bĕniddātāh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her menstruation", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unclean", "*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sits" }, "variants": { "*bĕniddātāh*": "in her impurity/in her menstruation/in her separation" } } 21 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.21", "source": "וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בְּמִשְׁכָּבָ֑הּ יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And all the *hannōgēaʿ* in *bĕmiškābāh* *yĕkabbēs* *bĕgādāyw* and *rāḥaṣ* in the *bammayim* and *wĕṭāmēʾ* until the *hāʿāreb*", "grammar": { "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*bĕmiškābāh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her bed", "*yĕkabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall wash", "*bĕgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*rāḥaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he washed/bathed", "*bammayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water", "*wĕṭāmēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + adjective, masculine singular - and be unclean", "*hāʿāreb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": { "*bĕmiškābāh*": "her bed/her lying place" } } 22 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.22", "source": "וְכָל־הַנֹּגֵ֔עַ בְּכָל־כְּלִ֖י אֲשֶׁר־תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֑יו יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And all the *hannōgēaʿ* in any *kĕlî* which *tēšēb* upon it *yĕkabbēs* *bĕgādāyw* and *rāḥaṣ* in the *bammayim* and *wĕṭāmēʾ* until the *hāʿāreb*", "grammar": { "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*kĕlî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/object", "*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sits", "*yĕkabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall wash", "*bĕgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*rāḥaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he washed/bathed", "*bammayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water", "*wĕṭāmēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + adjective, masculine singular - and be unclean", "*hāʿāreb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": { "*kĕlî*": "vessel/object/furniture/item" } } 23 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.23", "source": "וְאִ֨ם עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֜ב ה֗וּא א֧וֹ עַֽל־הַכְּלִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥וא יֹשֶֽׁבֶת־עָלָ֖יו בְּנָגְעוֹ־ב֑וֹ יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And if on the *hammišĕkāb* *hûʾ* or on the *hakkĕlî* which *hîʾ* *yōšebet*-upon it in *bĕnogʿô-bô* *yiṭmāʾ* until the *hāʿāreb*", "grammar": { "*hammišĕkāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bed", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it/he", "*hakkĕlî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the vessel/object", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she", "*yōšebet*": "qal participle, feminine singular - sitting", "*bĕnogʿô-bô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his touching it", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unclean", "*hāʿāreb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": { "*yōšebet*": "sitting upon/dwelling upon", "*bĕnogʿô-bô*": "when he touches it/upon his contact with it" } } 24 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.24", "source": "וְאִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗הּ וּתְהִ֤י נִדָּתָהּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְטָמֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְכָל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ב אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא׃", "text": "And if *šākōb* *yiškab* *ʾîš* *ʾōtāh* and *ûtĕhî* *niddātāh* upon him and *wĕṭāmēʾ* *šibʿat* *yāmîm*, and all the *hammišĕkāb* which *yiškab* upon it *yiṭmāʾ*", "grammar": { "*šākōb*": "qal infinitive absolute - lying", "*yiškab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he lies with", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her", "*ûtĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it is", "*niddātāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her menstruation", "*wĕṭāmēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + adjective, masculine singular - and be unclean", "*šibʿat*": "numeral, feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*hammišĕkāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bed", "*yiškab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he lies", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unclean" }, "variants": { "*šākōb* *yiškab*": "surely lies with/certainly has intercourse with", "*niddātāh*": "her menstruation/her impurity/her separation" } } 25 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.25", "source": "וְאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּֽי־יָזוּב֩ ז֨וֹב דָּמָ֜הּ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים בְּלֹא֙ עֶת־נִדָּתָ֔הּ א֥וֹ כִֽי־תָז֖וּב עַל־נִדָּתָ֑הּ כָּל־יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗הּ כִּימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛הּ תִּהְיֶ֖ה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִֽוא׃", "text": "And *ʾiššāh* when *yāzûb* *zôb* *dāmāh* *yāmîm* *rabbîm* in not *ʿet*-*niddātāh* or when *tāzûb* upon *niddātāh*, all *yĕmê* *zôb* *ṭumʾātāh* as *kîmê* *niddātāh* *tihyeh* *ṭĕmēʾāh* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*yāzûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it flows", "*zôb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - discharge of", "*dāmāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her blood", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*niddātāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her menstruation", "*tāzûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she discharges", "*yĕmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*ṭumʾātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness", "*kîmê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - as days of", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be", "*ṭĕmēʾāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - unclean", "*hîʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she" }, "variants": { "*yāzûb* *zôb* *dāmāh*": "her blood flows/she has a discharge of blood", "*ʿet*-*niddātāh*": "time of her menstruation/period of her impurity", "*tāzûb* upon *niddātāh*": "she discharges beyond her menstruation/flows longer than her regular period" } } 26 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.26", "source": "כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָלָיו֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י זוֹבָ֔הּ כְּמִשְׁכַּ֥ב נִדָּתָ֖הּ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑הּ וְכָֽל־הַכְּלִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֔יו טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה כְּטֻמְאַ֖ת נִדָּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "All the *hammišĕkāb* which *tiškab* upon it all *yĕmê* *zôbāh* as *kĕmiškab* *niddātāh* *yihyeh*-to her, and all the *hakkĕlî* which *tēšēb* upon it *ṭāmēʾ* *yihyeh*, as *kĕṭumʾat* *niddātāh*", "grammar": { "*hammišĕkāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the bed", "*tiškab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she lies", "*yĕmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*zôbāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her discharge", "*kĕmiškab*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - as bed of", "*niddātāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her menstruation", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*hakkĕlî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the vessel/object", "*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sits", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean", "*kĕṭumʾat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - as uncleanness of" }, "variants": { "*kĕmiškab* *niddātāh*": "like the bed of her menstruation/as during her regular impurity", "*kĕṭumʾat* *niddātāh*": "as the uncleanness of her menstruation/as her menstrual impurity" } } 27 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.27", "source": "וְכָל־הַנּוֹגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖ם יִטְמָ֑א וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And all the *hannôgēaʿ* in them *yiṭmāʾ*, and *wĕkibbes* *bĕgādāyw* and *rāḥaṣ* in the *bammayim* and *wĕṭāmēʾ* until the *hāʿāreb*", "grammar": { "*hannôgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unclean", "*wĕkibbes*": "waw-consecutive + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall wash", "*bĕgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*rāḥaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he washed/bathed", "*bammayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water", "*wĕṭāmēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + adjective, masculine singular - and be unclean", "*hāʿāreb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": {} }
• 1 Kgs 8:22 : 22 { "verseID": "1 Kings.8.22", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה לִפְנֵי֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה נֶ֖גֶד כָּל־קְהַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿămōḏ* *Šəlōmōh* before *mizbaḥ* *YHWH* opposite all-*qəhal* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyiprōś* *kappāyw* *haššāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿămōḏ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stood", "*Šəlōmōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Solomon", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of", "*mizbaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - altar of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*neḡeḏ*": "preposition - opposite/in front of", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyiprōś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he spread out", "*kappāyw*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his palms/hands", "*haššāmāyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿămōḏ*": "and he stood/positioned himself", "*lipnê*": "before/in front of/in the presence of", "*mizbaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*neḡeḏ*": "opposite/in front of/before", "*qəhal*": "assembly/congregation/gathering", "*wayyiprōś*": "and he spread out/extended", "*kappāyw*": "his palms/hands/open hands", "*haššāmāyim*": "the heavens/sky" } }
• 1 Kgs 8:38 : 38 { "verseID": "1 Kings.8.38", "source": "כָּל־תְּפִלָּ֣ה כָל־תְּחִנָּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִֽהְיֶה֙ לְכָל־הָ֣אָדָ֔ם לְכֹ֖ל עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵדְע֗וּן אִ֚ישׁ נֶ֣גַע לְבָב֔וֹ וּפָרַ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו אֶל־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "All-*təp̄illâ* all-*təḥinnâ* which *tihyeh* to all-*hāʾādām*, to all *ʿamməkā* *yiśrāʾēl*, which *yēdəʿûn* *ʾîš* *negaʿ* *ləbābô*, and *ûp̄āraś* *kappāyw* to *habbayit* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*təp̄illâ*": "noun feminine singular - prayer", "*təḥinnâ*": "noun feminine singular - supplication", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - there will be", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the man/mankind", "*ʿamməkā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yēdəʿûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they will know", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/each one", "*negaʿ*": "noun masculine singular construct - plague of", "*ləbābô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ûp̄āraś*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he spreads", "*kappāyw*": "noun feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his palms/hands", "*habbayit*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the house", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*təp̄illâ*": "prayer/intercession", "*təḥinnâ*": "supplication/plea/entreaty", "*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/recognize", "*negaʿ*": "plague/stroke/wound/affliction", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*pāraś*": "spread/stretch out/extend" } }
• Jer 6:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.6.3", "source": "אֵלֶ֛יהָ יָבֹ֥אוּ רֹעִ֖ים וְעֶדְרֵיהֶ֑ם תָּקְע֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ אֹהָלִים֙ סָבִ֔יב רָע֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־יָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "To-her *yābōʾû* *rōʿîm* and-their-*ʿedrêhem* *tāqəʿû* against-her *ʾōhālîm* *sābîb* *rāʿû* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-his-*yādô*.", "grammar": { "*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will come", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds", "*ʿedrêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flocks", "*tāqəʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they pitched/set up", "*ʾōhālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - tents", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*rāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they pastured/grazed", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand/portion" }, "variants": { "*rāʿû*": "they pastured/grazed/fed/consumed", "*yādô*": "his hand/portion/place/space" } }
• Jer 16:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.16.6", "source": "וּמֵ֨תוּ גְדֹלִ֧ים וּקְטַנִּ֛ים בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את לֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֑רוּ וְלֹֽא־יִסְפְּד֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א יִתְגֹּדַ֔ד וְלֹ֥א יִקָּרֵ֖חַ לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*mēṯû* *gəḏōlîm* and-*qəṭannîm* in-*hā-ʾāreṣ* *ha-zzōʾṯ* not *yiqqāḇērû* and-not *yispəḏû* for-them and-not *yiṯgōḏaḏ* and-not *yiqqārēaḥ* for-them", "grammar": { "*mēṯû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they shall die", "*gəḏōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - great ones/important ones", "*qəṭannîm*": "masculine plural adjective - small ones/insignificant ones", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*ha-zzōʾṯ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*yiqqāḇērû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be buried", "*yispəḏû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall lament/mourn", "*yiṯgōḏaḏ*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one shall cut oneself", "*yiqqārēaḥ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one shall make himself bald" }, "variants": { "*yiṯgōḏaḏ*": "cut oneself (as mourning ritual)", "*yiqqārēaḥ*": "make oneself bald/shave head (as mourning ritual)" } }
• Jer 21:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.21.4", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הִנְנִ֣י מֵסֵב֮ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָה֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיֶדְכֶם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם נִלְחָמִ֣ים בָּ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ בָּבֶל֙ וְאֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַצָּרִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם מִח֖וּץ לַֽחוֹמָ֑ה וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י אוֹתָ֔ם אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl*: *hinĕnî* *mēsēb* *ʾet*-*kĕlê* the *milḥāmāh* which in your hand, which you *nilḥāmîm* with them *ʾet*-*melek* *bābel* and *ʾet*-the *kaśdîm* the *ṣārîm* against you from outside to the *ḥômāh*; and *ʾāsaptî* them to *tôk* the *ʿîr* the *zōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hinĕnî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*mēsēb*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - turning back/around", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kĕlê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - weapons/instruments of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - war/battle", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*bĕyedkem*": "preposition with noun and 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your hand", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine plural - you", "*nilḥāmîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - fighting", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - king of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Chaldeans", "*ṣārîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - besieging", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - against you", "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition with noun - from outside", "*laḥômāh*": "preposition with noun, feminine, singular - to the wall", "*wĕʾāsaptî*": "conjunction with verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will gather", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - midst of", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine, singular - city", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*mēsēb*": "turning back/turning around/turning against", "*kĕlê*": "weapons/instruments/tools", "*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/waging war", "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians", "*ṣārîm*": "besieging/pressing/confining", "*ʾāsaptî*": "I will gather/collect/assemble" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.21.5", "source": "וְנִלְחַמְתִּ֤י אֲנִי֙ אִתְּכֶ֔ם בְּיָ֥ד נְטוּיָ֖ה וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ חֲזָקָ֑ה וּבְאַ֥ף וּבְחֵמָ֖ה וּבְקֶ֥צֶף גָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "And *nilḥamtî* I with you with *yād* *nĕṭûyāh* and with *zĕrôaʿ* *ḥăzāqāh* and with *ʾaf* and with *ḥēmāh* and with *qeṣef* *gādôl*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*nilḥamtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I will fight", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾittĕkem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*bĕyād*": "preposition with noun, feminine, singular - with hand", "*nĕṭûyāh*": "verb, qal passive participle, feminine singular - stretched out", "*ûbizrôaʿ*": "conjunction with preposition with noun, feminine, singular - and with arm", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - strong", "*ûbĕʾaf*": "conjunction with preposition with noun, masculine, singular - and with anger", "*ûbĕḥēmāh*": "conjunction with preposition with noun, feminine, singular - and with wrath", "*ûbĕqeṣef*": "conjunction with preposition with noun, masculine, singular - and with rage", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular - great" }, "variants": { "*nilḥamtî*": "I will fight/I will wage war", "*nĕṭûyāh*": "stretched out/extended", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "strong/mighty", "*ʾaf*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*qeṣef*": "rage/indignation/wrath" } }
• Jer 34:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.34.22", "source": "הִנְנִ֨י מְצַוֶּ֜ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וַהֲשִׁ֨בֹתִ֜ים אֶל־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ וְנִלְחֲמ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְכָד֖וּהָ וּשְׂרָפֻ֣הָ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "Behold I *məṣawweh* *nəʾum*-*yhwh* and I *hăšibōtîm* to the *ʿîr* the *zōʾt*, and they will *nilḥămû* against her, and they will *ləkādûhā* and they will *śərāpuhā* with the *ʾēš*, and *ʾet*-*ʿārê* *yəhûdāh* I *ʾettēn* *šəmāmāh* from *ʾên* *yōšēb*", "grammar": { "*məṣawweh*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular - commanding", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - declaration of", "*yhwh*": "proper noun, divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*hăšibōtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will bring them back", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine, singular, definite - the city", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this", "*nilḥămû*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will fight", "*ləkādûhā*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will capture her", "*śərāpuhā*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will burn her", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular, definite - the fire", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - cities of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾettēn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will make", "*šəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - desolation", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without", "*yōšēb*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant" }, "variants": { "*məṣawweh*": "commanding/ordering/instructing", "*hăšibōtîm*": "I will bring them back/I will return them/I will restore them", "*nilḥămû*": "they will fight/they will battle/they will wage war", "*ləkādûhā*": "they will capture her/they will seize her/they will take her", "*śərāpuhā*": "they will burn her/they will set her on fire", "*ʾettēn*": "I will make/I will set/I will place", "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*yōšēb*": "inhabitant/resident/dweller" } }
• Lam 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.2", "source": "בָּכ֨וֹ תִבְכֶּ֜ה בַּלַּ֗יְלָה וְדִמְעָתָהּ֙ עַ֣ל לֶֽחֱיָ֔הּ אֵֽין־לָ֥הּ מְנַחֵ֖ם מִכָּל־אֹהֲבֶ֑יהָ כָּל־רֵעֶ֙יהָ֙ בָּ֣גְדוּ בָ֔הּ הָ֥יוּ לָ֖הּ לְאֹיְבִֽים׃ ס", "text": "*bāḵô* *ṯiḇkeh* in the *laylāh* *wə*-her *dimʿāṯāh* upon her *leḥĕyāh*, *ʾên*-to her *mənaḥēm* from all-her *ʾōhăḇeyhā*; all-her *rēʿeyhā* *bāḡəḏû* against her, *hāyû* to her to *ʾōyəḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*bāḵô*": "infinitive absolute - weeping", "*ṯiḇkeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she weeps", "*ballaylāh*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*dimʿāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her tear", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*leḥĕyāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cheek", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*mikkāl*": "preposition + noun - from all", "*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lovers", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*rēʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her friends", "*bāḡəḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they betrayed", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - against her", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became", "*ləʾōyəḇîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to enemies" }, "variants": { "*bāḵô ṯiḇkeh*": "weeping she weeps/she weeps bitterly/she continually weeps", "*laylāh*": "night/nighttime", "*dimʿāṯāh*": "her tear/her tears", "*leḥĕyāh*": "her cheek/her jaw", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler/one who comforts", "*ʾōhăḇeyhā*": "her lovers/those who love her/her allies", "*rēʿeyhā*": "her friends/her companions/her associates", "*bāḡəḏû*": "they betrayed/they acted treacherously/they dealt faithlessly", "*ʾōyəḇîm*": "enemies/foes/adversaries" } }
• Lam 1:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.19", "source": "קָרָ֤אתִי לַֽמְאַהֲבַי֙ הֵ֣מָּה רִמּ֔וּנִי כֹּהֲנַ֥י וּזְקֵנַ֖י בָּעִ֣יר גָּוָ֑עוּ כִּֽי־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֹ֙כֶל֙ לָ֔מוֹ וְיָשִׁ֖יבוּ אֶת־נַפְשָֽׁם׃ ס", "text": "I *qārāʾṯî* to my *məʾahăḇay*; *hēmmāh* *rimmûnî*; my *kōhănay* *û*-my *zəqēnay* in the *ʿîr* *gāwāʿû* *kî*-they *ḇiqšû* *ʾōḵel* for them *wə*-*yāšîḇû* *ʾeṯ*-their *nap̄šām*.", "grammar": { "*qārāʾṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I called", "*laməʾahăḇay*": "preposition + piel participle, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - to my lovers", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*rimmûnî*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with 1st singular suffix - they deceived me", "*kōhănay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my priests", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*zəqēnay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my elders", "*bāʿîr*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine singular - in the city", "*gāwāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they perished", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḇiqšû*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural - they sought", "*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yāšîḇû*": "hifil imperfect, 3rd plural - they might restore", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*nap̄šām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾṯî*": "I called/I cried out to", "*məʾahăḇay*": "my lovers/my allies/those who loved me", "*rimmûnî*": "they deceived me/they betrayed me/they dealt treacherously with me", "*kōhănay*": "my priests/my temple servants", "*zəqēnay*": "my elders/my old men/my officials", "*gāwāʿû*": "they perished/they died/they expired", "*ḇiqšû ʾōḵel*": "they sought food/they searched for nourishment", "*yāšîḇû nap̄šām*": "they might restore their life/they might revive themselves" } }
• Lam 1:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.21", "source": "שָׁמְע֞וּ כִּ֧י נֶאֱנָחָ֣ה אָ֗נִי אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לִ֔י כָּל־אֹ֨יְבַ֜י שָׁמְע֤וּ רָֽעָתִי֙ שָׂ֔שׂוּ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ הֵבֵ֥אתָ יוֹם־קָרָ֖אתָ וְיִֽהְי֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ ס", "text": "They *šāməʿû* *kî* *neʾĕnāḥāh* *ʾānî*, *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to me; all-my *ʾōyəḇay* *šāməʿû* my *rāʿāṯî* they *śāśû* *kî* *ʾattāh* *ʿāśîṯā*; *hēḇēʾṯā* *yôm*-you *qārāʾṯā* *wə*-*yihyû* like me.", "grammar": { "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they heard", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*neʾĕnāḥāh*": "nifal participle, feminine singular - groaning", "*ʾānî*": "1st singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*ʾōyəḇay*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my enemies", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they heard", "*rāʿāṯî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my calamity", "*śāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they rejoiced", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you did", "*hēḇēʾṯā*": "hifil perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you brought", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*qārāʾṯā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you called", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will be", "*ḵāmônî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - like me" }, "variants": { "*šāməʿû*": "they heard/they listened", "*neʾĕnāḥāh*": "groaning/sighing/moaning", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler", "*ʾōyəḇay*": "my enemies/my foes/my adversaries", "*rāʿāṯî*": "my calamity/my evil/my trouble", "*śāśû*": "they rejoiced/they were glad/they exulted", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "you did/you have done", "*hēḇēʾṯā yôm-qārāʾṯā*": "you have brought the day you proclaimed/you have brought the day you called for", "*yihyû ḵāmônî*": "they will be like me/they shall become as I am" } }
• Lam 2:1-8 : 1 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.1", "source": "אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "How *yāʿîb* in-*ʾap* his *ʾăḏōnāy* *ʾeṯ*-daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *hišlîḵ* from-*šāmayim* to-*ʾereṣ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* and-not-*zāḵar* footstool-*raḡlāyw* in-day *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*ʾēîḵâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yāʿîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has darkened/clouded", "*bəʾappô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his anger", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*hišlîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast down", "*miššāmayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heaven", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/beauty of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəlōʾ-zāḵar*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has not remembered", "*hăḏōm-raḡlāyw*": "construct chain + 3rd masculine singular suffix - footstool of his feet", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*yāʿîb*": "darken/bring darkness/cover with clouds/make gloomy", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/master/sovereign", "*hišlîḵ*": "cast down/throw down/fling down", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "beauty/glory/splendor/ornament", "*zāḵar*": "remember/recall/call to mind", "*hăḏōm*": "footstool/supporting platform" } } 2 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.2", "source": "בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י *לא **וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*billaʿ* *ʾăḏōnāy* and-not *ḥāmal* *ʾēṯ* all-*nəʾôṯ* *yaʿăqōḇ* *hāras* in-*ʿeḇrāṯô* *miḇṣərê* daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *higgîaʿ* to-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥillēl* *mamlāḵâ* and-*śārêhā*", "grammar": { "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up/devoured", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥāmal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spared/pitied", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kol-nəʾôṯ*": "construct chain - all dwellings/pastures of", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*hāras*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has torn down/destroyed", "*bəʿeḇrāṯô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his wrath", "*miḇṣərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fortresses/strongholds of", "*baṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "construct chain - daughter of Judah", "*higgîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has brought down/made touch", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has profaned/defiled", "*mamlāḵâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingdom", "*wəśārêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy", "*ḥāmal*": "spare/have compassion/show mercy", "*nəʾôṯ*": "dwellings/habitations/pastures", "*hāras*": "tear down/break down/destroy/overthrow", "*ʿeḇrāṯô*": "wrath/rage/fury/overflow of anger", "*miḇṣərê*": "fortresses/strongholds/fortified places", "*higgîaʿ*": "bring down to/make touch/reach", "*ḥillēl*": "profane/defile/pollute/desecrate" } } 3 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.3", "source": "גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִי אַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃", "text": "*gāḏaʿ* in-*ḥorî* *ʾap̄* all *qeren* *yiśrāʾēl* *hēšîḇ* *ʾāḥôr* *yəmînô* from-*pənê* *ʾôyēḇ* and-*wayyiḇʿar* in-*yaʿăqōḇ* like-*ʾēš* *lehāḇâ* *ʾāḵlâ* *sāḇîḇ*", "grammar": { "*gāḏaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cut off/hewn down", "*bāḥorî-ʾap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - in fierce anger", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular construct - horn/power of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hēšîḇ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has drawn back/withdrawn", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward", "*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/from the face of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*wayyiḇʿar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has burned", "*bəyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob", "*kəʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire", "*lehāḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - flame", "*ʾāḵlâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has devoured", "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding" }, "variants": { "*gāḏaʿ*": "cut off/cut down/hew down/break", "*ḥorî-ʾap̄*": "burning anger/fierce anger/heat of anger", "*qeren*": "horn/power/strength/might", "*hēšîḇ*": "turn back/withdraw/draw back/return", "*yəmînô*": "right hand/right side/south", "*wayyiḇʿar*": "burn/consume/kindle/be kindled", "*lehāḇâ*": "flame/blaze/flashing blade", "*ʾāḵlâ*": "devour/consume/eat" } } 4 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.4", "source": "דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*dāraḵ* *qaštô* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *niṣṣāḇ* *yəmînô* like-*ṣār* and-*wayyahărōḡ* all *maḥămaddê*-*ʿāyin* in-*ʾōhel* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *šāp̄aḵ* like-*ʾēš* *ḥămāṯô*", "grammar": { "*dāraḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has bent/drawn", "*qaštô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow", "*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy", "*niṣṣāḇ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has stationed/positioned himself", "*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*kəṣār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an adversary", "*wayyahărōḡ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has slain", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "construct chain - pleasant things to the eye/delights of the eye", "*bəʾōhel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the tent of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has poured out", "*kāʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire", "*ḥămāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fury" }, "variants": { "*dāraḵ*": "bend/draw/tread/march", "*niṣṣāḇ*": "station oneself/take a stand/be positioned", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor", "*wayyahărōḡ*": "kill/slay/murder", "*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "delights of the eye/pleasant things to see/visually pleasing things", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "pour out/spill/shed" } } 5 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.5", "source": "הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*hāyâ* *ʾăḏōnāy* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *billaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl* *billaʿ* all-*ʾarmənôṯêhā* *šiḥēṯ* *miḇṣārāyw* and-*wayyereḇ* in-daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *taʾăniyyâ* and-*ʾăniyyâ*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has become", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy", "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up", "*kol-ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "construct chain + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all her palaces", "*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed", "*miḇṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strongholds", "*wayyereḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has multiplied", "*bəḇaṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "preposition + construct chain - in daughter of Judah", "*taʾăniyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - mourning", "*waʾăniyyâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and moaning" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "become/come to pass/occur/happen", "*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil", "*wayyereḇ*": "multiply/increase/make great", "*taʾăniyyâ*": "mourning/lamentation/sorrow", "*ʾăniyyâ*": "moaning/groaning/sighing/lamentation" } } 6 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.6", "source": "וַיַּחְמֹ֤ס כַּגַּן֙ שֻׂכּ֔וֹ שִׁחֵ֖ת מוֹעֲד֑וֹ שִׁכַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּצִיּוֹן֙ מוֹעֵ֣ד וְשַׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּנְאַ֥ץ בְּזַֽעַם־אַפּ֖וֹ מֶ֥לֶךְ וְכֹהֵֽן׃", "text": "And-*wayaḥmōs* like-*gan* *śukkô* *šiḥēṯ* *môʿăḏô* *šikkaḥ* *YHWH* in-*ṣiyyôn* *môʿēḏ* and-*šabbāṯ* and-*wayyinʾaṣ* in-*zaʿam*-*ʾappô* *meleḵ* and-*ḵōhēn*", "grammar": { "*wayaḥmōs*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has violently taken away", "*kaggan*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like a garden", "*śukkô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his booth/tabernacle", "*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed", "*môʿăḏô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his appointed place/meeting place", "*šikkaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has caused to forget", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival", "*wəšabbāṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and Sabbath", "*wayyinʾaṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has spurned", "*bəzaʿam-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in the indignation of his anger", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wəḵōhēn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and priest" }, "variants": { "*wayaḥmōs*": "violently take away/treat violently/do violence to", "*gan*": "garden/enclosure", "*śukkô*": "booth/pavilion/tabernacle/shelter", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil", "*môʿăḏô*": "appointed place/meeting place/assembly place", "*šikkaḥ*": "cause to forget/make forget", "*môʿēḏ*": "appointed time/appointed place/festival/assembly", "*wayyinʾaṣ*": "spurn/reject/despise/treat with contempt", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/rage/fury" } } 7 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.7", "source": "זָנַ֨ח אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ מִזְבְּחוֹ֙ נִאֵ֣ר מִקְדָּשׁ֔וֹ הִסְגִּיר֙ בְּיַד־אוֹיֵ֔ב חוֹמֹ֖ת אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ ק֛וֹל נָתְנ֥וּ בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה כְּי֥וֹם מוֹעֵֽד׃", "text": "*zānaḥ* *ʾăḏōnāy* *mizḇəḥô* *niʾēr* *miqdāšô* *hisgîr* in-hand-*ʾôyēḇ* *ḥômōṯ* *ʾarmənôṯêhā* *qôl* *nāṯənû* in-house-*YHWH* like-day *môʿēḏ*", "grammar": { "*zānaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has rejected", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*mizḇəḥô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his altar", "*niʾēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spurned/disowned", "*miqdāšô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sanctuary", "*hisgîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has delivered up/given over", "*bəyaḏ-ʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + qal participle, masculine singular - into the hand of the enemy", "*ḥômōṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - walls of", "*ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*nāṯənû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have given/raised", "*bəḇêṯ-YHWH*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - in the house of the LORD", "*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like the day of", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed festival" }, "variants": { "*zānaḥ*": "reject/abandon/cast away", "*niʾēr*": "spurn/reject/refuse/disown", "*hisgîr*": "deliver up/hand over/shut in/enclose", "*ḥômōṯ*": "walls/ramparts/defenses", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise" } } 8 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.8", "source": "חָשַׁ֨ב יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לְהַשְׁחִית֙ חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן נָ֣טָה קָ֔ו לֹא־הֵשִׁ֥יב יָד֖וֹ מִבַּלֵּ֑עַ וַיּֽ͏ַאֲבֶל־חֵ֥ל וְחוֹמָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֥ו אֻמְלָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ḥāšaḇ* *YHWH* to-*hašḥîṯ* *ḥômaṯ* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *nāṭâ* *qāw* not-*hēšîḇ* *yāḏô* from-*balēaʿ* and-*wayyaʾăḇel*-*ḥēl* and-*ḥômâ* together *ʾumlālû*", "grammar": { "*ḥāšaḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has determined/purposed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ləhašḥîṯ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*ḥômaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wall of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*nāṭâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has stretched out", "*qāw*": "noun, masculine singular - measuring line", "*lōʾ-hēšîḇ*": "negative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has not drawn back", "*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*mibbalkēaʿ*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - from swallowing up", "*wayyaʾăḇel-ḥēl*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - and he has made mourn the rampart", "*wəḥômâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and wall", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*ʾumlālû*": "pulal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have languished/withered" }, "variants": { "*ḥāšaḇ*": "think/plan/devise/purpose", "*hašḥîṯ*": "destroy/ruin/spoil/corrupt", "*nāṭâ*": "stretch out/extend/spread out", "*qāw*": "measuring line/line/cord", "*hēšîḇ*": "turn back/withdraw/draw back", "*mibbalkēaʿ*": "from swallowing up/from devouring", "*wayyaʾăḇel*": "make mourn/cause to lament", "*ḥēl*": "rampart/fortress/bulwark/outer wall", "*ʾumlālû*": "languish/wither/fade away/droop" } }
• Lam 2:17-22 : 17 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.17", "source": "עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר זָמָ֗ם בִּצַּ֤ע אֶמְרָתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֔דֶם הָרַ֖ס וְלֹ֣א חָמָ֑ל וַיְשַׂמַּ֤ח עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ אוֹיֵ֔ב הֵרִ֖ים קֶ֥רֶן צָרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*ʿāśâ* *YHWH* which *zāmām* *biṣṣaʿ* *ʾemrāṯô* which *ṣiwwâ* from-days-*qeḏem* *hāras* and-not *ḥāmāl* and-*wayśammaḥ* upon-you *ʾôyēḇ* *hērîm* *qeren* *ṣārāyiḵ*", "grammar": { "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*zāmām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has purposed", "*biṣṣaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has carried out/fulfilled", "*ʾemrāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his word", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*mîmê-qeḏem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + noun - from days of ancient times", "*hāras*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has thrown down", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥāmāl*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has pitied", "*wayśammaḥ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has caused to rejoice", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - over you", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*hērîm*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has lifted up", "*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular construct - horn/power of", "*ṣārāyiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your adversaries" }, "variants": { "*zāmām*": "purpose/plan/devise", "*biṣṣaʿ*": "fulfill/carry out/accomplish/complete", "*ʾemrāṯô*": "word/saying/command", "*ṣiwwâ*": "command/order/charge", "*qeḏem*": "ancient/old/former/east", "*hāras*": "tear down/break down/overthrow", "*ḥāmāl*": "pity/spare/have compassion", "*wayśammaḥ*": "cause to rejoice/make glad", "*hērîm*": "lift up/raise/exalt", "*qeren*": "horn/power/strength", "*ṣārāyiḵ*": "adversaries/enemies/foes" } } 18 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.18", "source": "צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*ṣāʿaq* *libbām* to-*ʾăḏōnāy* *ḥômaṯ* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *hôrîḏî* like-*naḥal* *dimʿâ* *yômām* and-*laylâ* not-*tittənî* *p̄ûḡaṯ* to-you not-*tiḏḏōm* daughter-*ʿênēḵ*", "grammar": { "*ṣāʿaq*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has cried out", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*ʾel-ʾăḏōnāy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the Lord", "*ḥômaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wall of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*hôrîḏî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - bring down", "*kannaḥal*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like a stream/torrent", "*dimʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tear", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*wālaylâ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and by night", "*ʾal-tittənî*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular + paragogic nun - do not give", "*p̄ûḡaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - rest/relief", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to yourself", "*ʾal-tiḏḏōm*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - let it not be silent", "*baṯ-ʿênēḵ*": "construct chain + 2nd feminine singular suffix - daughter of your eye (pupil)" }, "variants": { "*ṣāʿaq*": "cry out/call/shout", "*libbām*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*ḥômaṯ*": "wall/rampart", "*hôrîḏî*": "bring down/cause to descend/let flow down", "*naḥal*": "stream/torrent/wadi", "*p̄ûḡaṯ*": "rest/relief/respite", "*tiḏḏōm*": "be silent/be still/cease", "*baṯ-ʿênēḵ*": "daughter of your eye/pupil/apple of your eye" } } 19 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.19", "source": "ק֣וּמִי ׀ רֹ֣נִּי *בליל **בַלַּ֗יְלָה לְרֹאשׁ֙ אַשְׁמֻר֔וֹת שִׁפְכִ֤י כַמַּ֙יִם֙ לִבֵּ֔ךְ נֹ֖כַח פְּנֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑י שְׂאִ֧י אֵלָ֣יו כַּפַּ֗יִךְ עַל־נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ עֽוֹלָלַ֔יִךְ הָעֲטוּפִ֥ים בְּרָעָ֖ב בְּרֹ֥אשׁ כָּל־חוּצֽוֹת׃", "text": "*qûmî* *rōnnî* in-*laylâ* to-*rōʾš* *ʾašmurôṯ* *šip̄ḵî* like-*mayim* *libbēḵ* *nōḵaḥ* *pənê* *ʾăḏōnāy* *śəʾî* to-him *kappayiḵ* on-*nep̄eš* *ʿôlālayiḵ* the-*hāʿăṭûp̄îm* in-*rāʿāḇ* in-*rōʾš* all-*ḥûṣôṯ*", "grammar": { "*qûmî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*rōnnî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cry out/wail", "*ballaylâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the night", "*lərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at the beginning of", "*ʾašmurôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - night watches", "*šip̄ḵî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - pour out", "*kammayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - like water", "*libbēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your heart", "*nōḵaḥ*": "preposition - in front of", "*pənê*": "noun, common plural construct - face of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*śəʾî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - lift up", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*kappayiḵ*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your palms/hands", "*ʿal-nep̄eš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - for the life of", "*ʿôlālayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your infants", "*hāʿăṭûp̄îm*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - the faint ones", "*bərāʿāḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with hunger", "*bərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at the head of", "*kol-ḥûṣôṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine plural - all streets" }, "variants": { "*qûmî*": "arise/stand up/get up", "*rōnnî*": "cry out/wail/sing", "*ʾašmurôṯ*": "watches (divisions of night)/night watches", "*šip̄ḵî*": "pour out/spill/shed", "*libbēḵ*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*nōḵaḥ*": "in front of/opposite/before", "*śəʾî*": "lift up/raise", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/self/person", "*hāʿăṭûp̄îm*": "faint/weak/languishing" } } 20 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.20", "source": "רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה לְמִ֖י עוֹלַ֣לְתָּ כֹּ֑ה אִם־תֹּאכַ֨לְנָה נָשִׁ֤ים פִּרְיָם֙ עֹלֲלֵ֣י טִפֻּחִ֔ים אִם־יֵהָרֵ֛ג בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ אֲדֹנָ֖י כֹּהֵ֥ן וְנָבִֽיא׃", "text": "*rəʾēh* *YHWH* and-*habḇîṭâ* to-whom *ʿôlaltā* thus if-*tōʾḵalnâ* *nāšîm* *piryām* *ʿōlălê* *ṭippuḥîm* if-*yēhārēḡ* in-*miqdaš* *ʾăḏōnāy* *kōhēn* and-*nāḇîʾ*", "grammar": { "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*wəhabḇîṭâ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular + paragogic he - and observe/consider", "*ləmî*": "preposition + interrogative - to whom", "*ʿôlaltā*": "poel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done/dealt severely", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾim-tōʾḵalnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - if they shall eat", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women", "*piryām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fruit", "*ʿōlălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - children of", "*ṭippuḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - span/handbreadths", "*ʾim-yēhārēḡ*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - if shall be slain", "*bəmiqdaš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in sanctuary of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine singular - priest", "*wənāḇîʾ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and prophet" }, "variants": { "*habḇîṭâ*": "look/observe/regard/consider", "*ʿôlaltā*": "deal severely with/inflict/abuse", "*piryām*": "fruit/offspring", "*ʿōlălê*": "children/infants", "*ṭippuḥîm*": "those carefully raised/those tenderly cared for", "*yēhārēḡ*": "be killed/be slain", "*miqdaš*": "sanctuary/holy place/temple" } } 21 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.21", "source": "שָׁכְב֨וּ לָאָ֤רֶץ חוּצוֹת֙ נַ֣עַר וְזָקֵ֔ן בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י נָפְל֣וּ בֶחָ֑רֶב הָרַגְ֙תָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אַפֶּ֔ךָ טָבַ֖חְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ׃", "text": "*šāḵəḇû* to-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥûṣôṯ* *naʿar* and-*zāqēn* *bəṯûlōṯay* and-*baḥûray* *nāp̄əlû* in-*ḥāreḇ* *hāraḡtā* in-day *ʾappeḵā* *ṭāḇaḥtā* not *ḥāmāltā*", "grammar": { "*šāḵəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they lie", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the ground", "*ḥûṣôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - streets", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - boy/youth", "*wəzāqēn*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and old man", "*bəṯûlōṯay*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st common singular suffix - my virgins", "*ûḇaḥûray*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - and my young men", "*nāp̄əlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fallen", "*beḥāreḇ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - by the sword", "*hāraḡtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have slain", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the day of", "*ʾappeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your anger", "*ṭāḇaḥtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have slaughtered", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḥāmāltā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have spared" }, "variants": { "*šāḵəḇû*": "lie down/lie prostrate", "*naʿar*": "boy/youth/young man", "*zāqēn*": "old man/elder", "*bəṯûlōṯay*": "my virgins/my maidens", "*baḥûray*": "my young men/my chosen ones", "*nāp̄əlû*": "fall/fall down/be killed", "*hāraḡtā*": "kill/slay", "*ṭāḇaḥtā*": "slaughter/butcher/kill", "*ḥāmāltā*": "spare/have compassion/show mercy" } } 22 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.22", "source": "תִּקְרָא֩ כְי֨וֹם מוֹעֵ֤ד מְגוּרַי֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְלֹ֥א הָיָ֛ה בְּי֥וֹם אַף־יְהוָ֖ה פָּלִ֣יט וְשָׂרִ֑יד אֲשֶׁר־טִפַּ֥חְתִּי וְרִבִּ֖יתִי אֹיְבִ֥י כִלָּֽם׃", "text": "*tiqrāʾ* like-day *môʿēḏ* *məḡûray* from-*sāḇîḇ* and-not *hāyâ* in-day anger-*YHWH* *pālîṭ* and-*śārîḏ* which-*ṭippaḥtî* and-*ribbîṯî* *ʾōyəḇî* *killām*", "grammar": { "*tiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you call/summon", "*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - as in the day of", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival", "*məḡûray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - my terrors", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + adverb - from round about", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - there was", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the day of", "*ʾap̄-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - anger of the LORD", "*pālîṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - fugitive/escapee", "*wəśārîḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and survivor", "*ʾăšer-ṭippaḥtî*": "relative pronoun + piel perfect, 1st common singular - whom I have nursed/cherished", "*wəribbîṯî*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 1st common singular - and brought up/raised", "*ʾōyəḇî*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my enemy", "*killām*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - has destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*tiqrāʾ*": "call/summon/invite", "*môʿēḏ*": "appointed time/meeting place/festival", "*məḡûray*": "my terrors/my fears/my dreaded ones", "*pālîṭ*": "fugitive/escapee/refugee", "*śārîḏ*": "survivor/remnant", "*ṭippaḥtî*": "nurture/cherish/care for/bring up", "*ribbîṯî*": "multiply/increase/make great", "*killām*": "destroy completely/finish off/annihilate" } }
• Lam 4:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.15", "source": "ס֣וּרוּ טָמֵ֞א קָ֣רְאוּ לָ֗מוֹ ס֤וּרוּ ס֙וּרוּ֙ אַל־תִּגָּ֔עוּ כִּ֥י נָצ֖וּ גַּם־נָ֑עוּ אָֽמְרוּ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֖יפוּ לָגֽוּר׃", "text": "*Sûrû ṭāmēʾ* they *qārəʾû* to them, *sûrû sûrû* not *tiggāʿû*; for they *nāṣû*, also they *nāʿû*; they *ʾāmərû* among the *gôyim*, not *yôsîp̄û* to *lāḡûr*", "grammar": { "*sûrû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - turn aside/depart", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "masculine singular adjective - unclean/impure", "*qārəʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they called", "*lāmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix (poetic) - to them", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - not/do not", "*tiggāʿû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you touch", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nāṣû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fled", "*gam*": "conjunction - also/even", "*nāʿû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they wandered", "*ʾāmərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said", "*ba-gôyim*": "preposition + definite masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yôsîp̄û*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will continue", "*lāḡûr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sojourn/dwell as aliens" }, "variants": { "*sûrû*": "turn aside/depart/go away", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*nāṣû*": "fled/scattered/departed", "*nāʿû*": "wandered/staggered/roamed", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*yôsîp̄û*": "will continue/will add/will do again", "*lāḡûr*": "to sojourn/to dwell temporarily/to reside as foreigners" } }
• Ezek 7:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.23", "source": "עֲשֵׂ֖ה הָֽרַתּ֑וֹק כִּ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ מָֽלְאָה֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט דָּמִ֔ים וְהָעִ֖יר מָלְאָ֥ה חָמָֽס׃", "text": "*ʿăśēh* *hā-rattôq* *kî* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *mālěʾāh* *mišpaṭ* *dāmîm* *wə-hā-ʿîr* *mālěʾāh* *ḥāmās*", "grammar": { "*ʿăśēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - make", "*hā-rattôq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the chain", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*mālěʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is full of", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment of", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bloods/bloodshed", "*wə-hā-ʿîr*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the city", "*mālěʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is full of", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - violence" }, "variants": { "*ʿăśēh*": "make/do/fashion", "*rattôq*": "chain/fetter/bond", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision", "*dāmîm*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/cruelty" } } 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.24", "source": "וְהֵֽבֵאתִי֙ רָעֵ֣י גוֹיִ֔ם וְיָרְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן עַזִּ֔ים וְנִחֲל֖וּ מְקַֽדְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-hēḇēʾṯî* *rāʿê* *ḡôyim* *wə-yārəšû* *ʾeṯ*-*bāttêhem* *wə-hišbattî* *gəʾôn* *ʿazzîm* *wə-niḥălû* *məqaḏəšêhem*", "grammar": { "*wə-hēḇēʾṯî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will bring", "*rāʿê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - worst/most evil of", "*ḡôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*wə-yārəšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will possess", "*ʾeṯ*-*bāttêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*wə-hišbattî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will make cease", "*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pride of", "*ʿazzîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strong ones", "*wə-niḥălû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be profaned", "*məqaḏəšêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sacred places" }, "variants": { "*hēḇēʾṯî*": "bring/cause to come", "*rāʿê*": "worst/most evil/wicked", "*ḡôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yārəšû*": "possess/inherit/take possession of", "*hišbattî*": "make cease/put an end to/cause to rest", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/excellency", "*ʿazzîm*": "strong ones/mighty ones/powerful people", "*niḥălû*": "be profaned/be defiled/be polluted", "*məqaḏəšêhem*": "their sacred places/sanctuaries/holy places" } }
• Ezek 36:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.36.17", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם בֵּ֤ית יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשְׁבִ֣ים עַל־אַדְמָתָ֔ם וַיְטַמְּא֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּדַרְכָּ֖ם וּבַעֲלִֽילוֹתָ֑ם כְּטֻמְאַת֙ הַנִּדָּ֔ה הָיְתָ֥ה דַרְכָּ֖ם לְפָנָֽי׃", "text": "*Ben*-*ʾādām* *bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* *yōšәbîm* on-*ʾadmātām* and-*yәṭammәʾû* her in-*darkām* and-in-*ʿălîlôtām* like-*ṭumʾat* the-*niddâ* *hāyәtâ* *darkām* before-me", "grammar": { "*Ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʾādām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Adam/man/mankind", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yōšәbîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - dwelling/sitting", "*ʾadmātām*": "feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their land", "*yәṭammәʾû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they defiled", "*darkām*": "feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their way", "*ʿălîlôtām*": "feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deeds/actions", "*ṭumʾat*": "construct state, feminine singular - uncleanness of", "*niddâ*": "feminine singular - menstrual impurity/separation", "*hāyәtâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she was/became", "*darkām*": "feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their way" }, "variants": { "*Ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/mortal man/human being", "*bêt Yiśrāʾēl*": "house of Israel/Israelite people", "*yōšәbîm*": "dwelling/living/residing/sitting", "*ʾadmātām*": "their land/their ground/their soil", "*yәṭammәʾû*": "they defiled/made unclean/polluted", "*darkām*": "their way/their conduct/their behavior", "*ʿălîlôtām*": "their deeds/their actions/their practices", "*ṭumʾat*": "uncleanness/impurity of", "*niddâ*": "menstrual impurity/woman in menstruation/separation" } }
• Hos 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.8", "source": "נִבְלַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ הָי֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּכְלִ֖י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*niḇlaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*; now *hāyû* among the *gôyim* like *kəlî* *ʾên*-*ḥēp̄eṣ* in him.", "grammar": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they were/have become", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - nations/gentiles", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - vessel/object of", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - delight/pleasure/desire" }, "variants": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "swallowed up/devoured/consumed", "*hāyû*": "they were/have become/have been", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*kəlî*": "vessel/object/utensil", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire/value" } }
• Luke 19:43-44 : 43 { "verseID": "Luke.19.43", "source": "Ὅτι ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ περιβαλοῦσιν οἱ ἐχθροί σου χάρακά σοι, καὶ περικυκλώσουσίν σε, καὶ συνέξουσίν σε πάντοθεν,", "text": "For will come *hēmerai* upon you, and will *peribalousin* the *echthroi* of you *charaka* for you, and will *perikyklōsousin* you, and will *synexousin* you *pantothen*,", "grammar": { "*hēmerai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - days", "*peribalousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will cast around", "*echthroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - enemies", "*charaka*": "accusative, masculine, singular - palisade/barricade", "*perikyklōsousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will surround", "*synexousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will press hard", "*pantothen*": "adverb - from all sides" }, "variants": { "*hēmerai*": "days/times", "*peribalousin*": "will cast around/build/construct", "*echthroi*": "enemies/foes", "*charaka*": "palisade/barricade/rampart", "*perikyklōsousin*": "will surround/encircle completely", "*synexousin*": "will press hard/hem in/constrain", "*pantothen*": "from all sides/on every side" } } 44 { "verseID": "Luke.19.44", "source": "Καὶ ἐδαφιοῦσίν σε, καὶ τὰ τέκνα σου ἐν σοί· καὶ οὐκ ἀφήσουσιν ἐν σοί λίθον ἐπὶ λίθῳ· ἀνθʼ ὧν οὐκ ἔγνως τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς σου.", "text": "And they will *edaphiousin* you, and the *tekna* of you in you; and not they will *aphēsousin* in you *lithon* upon *lithō*; because of which not you *egnōs* the *kairon* of the *episkopēs* of you.", "grammar": { "*edaphiousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will dash to the ground", "*tekna*": "accusative, neuter, plural - children", "*aphēsousin*": "future active, 3rd person plural - will leave", "*lithon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - stone", "*lithō*": "dative, masculine, singular - stone", "*egnōs*": "aorist active, 2nd person singular - knew", "*kairon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - time/season", "*episkopēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - visitation" }, "variants": { "*edaphiousin*": "will dash to the ground/level/raze", "*tekna*": "children/descendants/inhabitants", "*aphēsousin*": "will leave/allow/permit", "*kairon*": "time/season/opportune moment", "*episkopēs*": "visitation/inspection/looking upon" } }