Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Micah.6.2", "source": "שִׁמְע֤וּ הָרִים֙ אֶת־רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה וְהָאֵתָנִ֖ים מֹ֣סְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־עַמּ֔וֹ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְוַכָּֽח׃", "text": "*šimʿû* *hārîm* *ʾet*-*rîb* *YHWH* *wə-hāʾētānîm* *mōsədê* *ʾāreṣ* *kî* *rîb* *la-YHWH* *ʿim*-*ʿammô* *wə-ʿim*-*yiśrāʾēl* *yitwakkāḥ*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dispute/contention of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wə-hāʾētānîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the enduring/ancient ones", "*mōsədê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/contention", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʿammô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ʿim*": "conjunction + preposition - and with", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will argue/reason" }, "variants": { "*rîb*": "dispute/contention/lawsuit/legal case", "*hāʾētānîm*": "enduring ones/ancient ones/mighty ones/foundations", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "argue/reason/reprove/dispute" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Hør, fjell, på Herrens sak, og jordens støttemurer. For Herren har en rettssak mot sitt folk, og han vil føre anklage mot Israel.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens sak, og dere mektige grunnvoller av jorden; for Herren har en sak med sitt folk, og han skal føre sak mot Israel.

• Norsk King James

  Hør, O fjell, Herrens strid, og jordens sterke grunnlag; for Herren har en strid med sitt folk, og han vil føre sak mot Israel.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Hør, dere fjell! Herrens sak, og dere sterke jordens grunnvoller! For Herren har en sak med sitt folk og vil gå i rette med Israel.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens rettssak, dere mektige grunnvoller av jorden. For Herren fører sak mot sitt folk, han dømmer Israel.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens sak, og dere sterke grunnvoller på jorden. For Herren har en sak med sitt folk, og han vil argumentere med Israel.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Hør, dere fjell, HERRENs oppgjør, dere faste fundamenter i jorden! For HERREN har et oppgjør med sitt folk, og han vil føre sin sak mot Israel.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens sak, og dere sterke grunnvoller på jorden. For Herren har en sak med sitt folk, og han vil argumentere med Israel.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens sak, og dere evige grunnvoller på jorden! For Herren har en sak med sitt folk, og med Israel vil han føre bevis.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Hear, O mountains, the Lord's lawsuit, and you enduring foundations of the earth. For the Lord has a case against His people, and He will dispute with Israel.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Hør, fjell, Herrens sak, og dere evige grunnvoller på jorden! For Herren har en sak med sitt folk, og med Israel vil han gå i rette.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Hører, I Bjerge! Herrens Trætte, og I stærke Jordens Grundvolde! thi Herren haver Trætte med sit Folk, og vil gaae irette med Israel.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD'S controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens rettergang, og dere sterke grunnvoller av jorden! For Herren har en sak mot sitt folk, og han vil føre rettssak mot Israel.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Hear, O mountains, the LORD'S dispute, and you strong foundations of the earth, for the LORD has a dispute with His people, and He will plead with Israel.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD'S controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens klagesang, og dere varige grunnvollen av jorden; for Herren har en sak mot sitt folk, og han vil ta et oppgjør med Israel.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens stridssak, dere sterke grunnvoller av jorden! For Herren har en sak mot sitt folk, og mot Israel skal Han føre sak.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens anklage, og dere varige grunnvoller i jorden; for Herren har en sak mot sitt folk, og han vil føre sak mot Israel.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Hør, dere fjell, Herrens sak, og gi akt, dere jordens grunnvoller: for Herren har en sak mot sitt folk, og han tar den opp med Israel.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  O Heare the punyshment of the LORDE, ye mountaynes, and ye mightie foundacios of ye earth: for the LORDE wil reproue his people, ad reason with Israel:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Heare ye, O mountaynes, the Lordes quarel, and ye mightie foundations of the earth: for the Lord hath a quarell against his people, and he will pleade with Israel.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Heare O ye mountaines the Lordes quarel, and ye mightie foundations of the earth: for the Lorde hath a quarell against his people, and wyll pleade with Israel.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD'S controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Hear, you mountains, Yahweh's controversy, And you enduring foundations of the earth; For Yahweh has a controversy with his people, And he will contend with Israel.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Hear, O mountains, the strife of Jehovah, Ye strong ones -- foundations of earth! For a strife `is' to Jehovah, with His people, And with Israel He doth reason.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Hear, O ye mountains, Jehovah's controversy, and ye enduring foundations of the earth; for Jehovah hath a controversy with his people, and he will contend with Israel.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Give ear, O you mountains, to the Lord's cause, and take note, you bases of the earth: for the Lord has a cause against his people, and he will take it up with Israel.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Hear, you mountains, Yahweh's controversy, and you enduring foundations of the earth; for Yahweh has a controversy with his people, and he will contend with Israel.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Hear the LORD’s accusation, you mountains, you enduring foundations of the earth! For the LORD has a case against his people; he has a dispute with Israel!

Referenced Verses

• Hos 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֠י אֵין־אֱמֶ֧ת וְֽאֵין־חֶ֛סֶד וְאֵֽין־דַּ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *rîb* *l-YHWH* *ʿim*-*yôšbê* *hāʾāreṣ* *kî* *ʾên*-*ʾĕmet* *wə-ʾên*-*ḥesed* *wə-ʾên*-*daʿat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *bāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/speech of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, subject of construct chain", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/controversy/lawsuit", "*l-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - belonging to YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*yôšbê*": "participle construct, masculine plural - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun with definite article - the land", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth/faithfulness", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - steadfast love/covenant loyalty/mercy", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural form (divine singular) - God", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun with definite article - in the land" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/speech/matter/thing", "*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/controversy/quarrel", "*ḥesed*": "steadfast love/covenant loyalty/kindness/mercy", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/insight/understanding", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural but referring to the singular deity)", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } }
• Hos 12:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.12.2", "source": "אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֙וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם־אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל׃", "text": "*ʾeprayim* *rōʿeh* *rûaḥ* *wĕ*-*rōdēp* *qādîm* all-*ha-yôm* *kāzāb* *wā-šōd* *yarbeh* *û-bĕrît* with-*ʾaššûr* *yikrōtû* *wĕ-šemen* to-*miṣrayim* *yûbāl*", "grammar": { "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim (tribe/kingdom)", "*rōʿeh*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - shepherding/feeding on", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit/breath", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*rōdēp*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - pursuing/chasing", "*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east wind", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun - the day", "*kāzāb*": "noun, masculine singular - lie/falsehood", "*wā-šōd*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and destruction/violence", "*yarbeh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - multiplies/increases", "*û-bĕrît*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and covenant/treaty", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*yikrōtû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - they cut/make", "*wĕ-šemen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and oil", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yûbāl*": "verb, hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is carried/brought" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh*": "shepherds/feeds on/pursues", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath/emptiness", "*qādîm*": "east wind/scorching wind", "*kāzāb*": "lying/falsehood/deception", "*šōd*": "destruction/violence/devastation", "*yikrōtû*": "they cut/they make/they establish" } }
• Isa 1:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.18", "source": "לְכוּ־נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם־יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם־יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ* *wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ* *yōʾmar* *YHWH* *ʾim*-*yihyû* *ḥăṭāʾêkem* *kaššānîm* *kaššeleg* *yalbînû* *ʾim*-*yaʾdîmû* *kattôlā'* *kaṣṣemer* *yihyû*", "grammar": { "*lᵉkû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - come", "*nāʾ*": "particle - now/please", "*wᵉniwwākᵉḥâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us reason together", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sins", "*kaššānîm*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, feminine plural - like scarlet", "*kaššeleg*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like snow", "*yalbînû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be white", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*yaʾdîmû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are red", "*kattôlā'*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like crimson", "*kaṣṣemer*": "preposition kᵉ- + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like wool", "*yihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be" }, "variants": { "*lᵉkû*-*nāʾ*": "come now/come please", "*niwwākᵉḥâ*": "reason together/argue/dispute/settle", "*yōʾmar*": "says/speaks/declares", "*ḥăṭāʾêkem*": "your sins/offenses/transgressions", "*šānîm*": "scarlet/crimson/bright red", "*yalbînû*": "they shall be white/become white/be made white", "*yaʾdîmû*": "they are red/they glow red", "*tôlā'*": "crimson/worm/crimson dye" } }
• 2 Sam 22:16 : 16 { "verseID": "2Samuel.22.16", "source": "וַיֵּֽרָאוּ֙ אֲפִ֣קֵי יָ֔ם יִגָּל֖וּ מֹסְד֣וֹת תֵּבֵ֑ל בְּגַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה מִנִּשְׁמַ֖ת ר֥וּחַ אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyērāʾû* *ʾăpîqê* *yām*, *yiggālû* *môsedôt* *tēbēl* in *gaʿărat* *YHWH*, from *nišmat* *rûaḥ* *ʾappô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyērāʾû*": "Niphal imperfect 3mp with waw-consecutive - they were seen", "*ʾăpîqê*": "masculine plural construct of *ʾāpîq* - channels of", "*yām*": "masculine noun - sea", "*yiggālû*": "Niphal imperfect 3mp - they were uncovered", "*môsedôt*": "masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*tēbēl*": "feminine noun - world", "*gaʿărat*": "feminine construct - rebuke of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*nišmat*": "feminine construct - breath of", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine noun construct - spirit/breath of", "*ʾappô*": "masculine noun with 3ms suffix - his nostril/anger" }, "variants": { "*wayyērāʾû*": "were seen, appeared, were exposed", "*ʾăpîqê*": "channels, beds, ravines", "*yiggālû*": "were uncovered, were laid bare, were exposed", "*môsedôt*": "foundations, bases", "*tēbēl*": "world, earth, habitable part", "*gaʿărat*": "rebuke, reproof, threat", "*nišmat*": "breath, blast", "*ʾappô*": "his nostril, his anger" } }
• Ps 104:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.5", "source": "יָֽסַד־אֶ֭רֶץ עַל־מְכוֹנֶ֑יהָ בַּל־תִּ֝מּ֗וֹט עוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃", "text": "*yāsad*-*ʾereṣ* *ʿal*-*mĕkônehā* *bal*-*timmôṭ* *ʿôlām* *wāʿed*", "grammar": { "*yāsad*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he founded", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth, land", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, on", "*mĕkônehā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her foundations/bases", "*bal*": "negative particle - not", "*timmôṭ*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be moved/shaken", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever, eternity", "*wāʿed*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and ever/perpetuity" }, "variants": { "*yāsad*": "founded, established, set, fixed", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth, land, ground, world", "*mĕkônehā*": "her foundations, her bases, her places", "*timmôṭ*": "be moved, be shaken, totter, slip", "*ʿôlām*": "forever, eternal, perpetual, ancient time", "*ʿed*": "ever, perpetuity, continuing future" } }
• Prov 8:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Proverbs.8.29", "source": "בְּשׂ֘וּמ֤וֹ לַיָּ֨ם ׀ חֻקּ֗וֹ וּ֭מַיִם לֹ֣א יַֽעַבְרוּ־פִ֑יו בְּ֝חוּק֗וֹ מ֣וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "When-*śûmô layyām ḥuqqô*, and-*mayim* not *yaʿabrû-pîw*, when-*ḥûqô môsᵊdê ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*śûmô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his setting", "*layyām*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular noun - for the sea", "*ḥuqqô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his decree", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*yaʿabrû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they transgress", "*pîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his command", "*ḥûqô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his marking out", "*môsᵊdê*": "masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*śûmô*": "his setting/placing/establishing", "*ḥuqqô*": "his decree/boundary/statute", "*yaʿabrû-pîw*": "they transgress his command/mouth/word", "*môsᵊdê*": "foundations/bases", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } }
• Deut 32:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.22", "source": "כִּי־אֵשׁ֙ קָדְחָ֣ה בְאַפִּ֔י וַתִּיקַ֖ד עַד־שְׁא֣וֹל תַּחְתִּ֑ית וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶ֙רֶץ֙ וִֽיבֻלָ֔הּ וַתְּלַהֵ֖ט מוֹסְדֵ֥י הָרִֽים׃", "text": "For *ʾēš* *qāḏəḥāh* in-*ʾappî*, *wattîqaḏ* unto-*šəʾôl* *taḥtît*; *wattōʾḵal* *ʾereṣ* and-*yəḇulāh*, *wattəlahēṭ* *môsəḏê* *hārîm*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*qāḏəḥāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has kindled/ignited", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my nostril/anger", "*wattîqaḏ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it burns", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - unto/to", "*šəʾôl*": "noun, feminine, singular - Sheol/underworld", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine, singular - lowest/nethermost", "*wattōʾḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it consumes", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*yəḇulāh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/yield", "*wattəlahēṭ*": "verb, piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it sets aflame", "*môsəḏê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - foundations of", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - mountains" }, "variants": { "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāḏəḥāh*": "kindled/ignited/blazed", "*ʾappî*": "my nostril/my anger/my wrath", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave", "*taḥtît*": "lowest/deepest/nethermost", "*yəḇulāh*": "its produce/yield/increase", "*môsəḏê*": "foundations/bases" } }
• 2 Sam 22:8 : 8 { "verseID": "2Samuel.22.8", "source": "*ותגעש **וַיִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ וַתִּרְעַשׁ֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מוֹסְד֥וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ כִּֽי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyitgāʿaš* and *wattirʿaš* *hāʾāreṣ*; *môsedôt* *haššāmayim* *yirgāzû* and *wayyitgāʿăšû* because-*ḥārâ* to him.", "grammar": { "*wayyitgāʿaš*": "Hithpael imperfect 3ms with waw-consecutive - it swayed", "*wattirʿaš*": "Qal imperfect 3fs with waw-consecutive - it quaked", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine noun - the earth", "*môsedôt*": "masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual/plural noun - the heavens", "*yirgāzû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp - they trembled", "*wayyitgāʿăšû*": "Hithpael imperfect 3mp with waw-consecutive - they swayed", "*ḥārâ*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he was angry" }, "variants": { "*wayyitgāʿaš*": "quaked, reeled, shook", "*wattirʿaš*": "trembled, quaked, shook", "*môsedôt*": "foundations, bases, supports", "*yirgāzû*": "trembled, quaked, were agitated", "*wayyitgāʿăšû*": "swayed, shook, were in commotion", "*ḥārâ*": "burned with anger, was enraged, was furious" } }
• Isa 5:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.3", "source": "וְעַתָּ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃", "text": "And *wə*-now *yôšēb* *yərûšālaim* and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ*, *šipṭû-nāʾ* between me and between my *karmî*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller in", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun construct - man of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šipṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - judge", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard" }, "variants": { "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one" } }
• Isa 43:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.43.26", "source": "הַזְכִּירֵ֕נִי נִשָּׁפְטָ֖ה יָ֑חַד סַפֵּ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה לְמַ֥עַן תִּצְדָּֽק׃", "text": "*hazkîrēnî*, let us *niššāpəṭâ* *yāḥad*; *sappēr* you, so that you may *tiṣdāq*.", "grammar": { "*hazkîrēnî*": "imperative, masculine singular, Hiphil with 1st person singular suffix - remind me", "*niššāpəṭâ*": "cohortative, 1st person plural, Niphal - let us enter into judgment", "*yāḥad*": "adverb - together", "*sappēr*": "imperative, masculine singular, Piel - recount/declare", "*tiṣdāq*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you may be justified" }, "variants": { "*hazkîrēnî*": "remind me/put me in remembrance/cause me to remember", "*niššāpəṭâ*": "let us enter into judgment/let us argue our case/let us contend", "*yāḥad*": "together/as one/jointly", "*sappēr*": "recount/declare/relate", "*tiṣdāq*": "be justified/be right/be vindicated" } }
• Jer 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.9", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן עֹ֛ד אָרִ֥יב אִתְּכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י בְנֵיכֶ֖ם אָרִֽיב׃", "text": "*Lākēn* *ʿōd* *ʾārîb* *ʾittəkem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *wə-ʾet*-*bənê* *bənêkem* *ʾārîb*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*ʿōd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*ʾārîb*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will contend/dispute", "*ʾittəkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH", "*wə-ʾet*-*bənê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - and with sons of", "*bənêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*ʾārîb*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will contend/dispute" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/consequently", "*ʿōd*": "still/yet/again/continuously", "*ʾārîb*": "I will contend/I will dispute/I will bring charges against", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of" } }
• Jer 2:29-35 : 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.29", "source": "לָ֥מָּה תָרִ֖יבוּ אֵלָ֑י כֻּלְּכֶ֛ם פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם בִּ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*lāmmāh* *tārîbû* *ʾēlāy* *kullkem* *pəšaʿtem* *bî* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*tārîbû*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd masculine plural - you contend/strive", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - with me", "*kullkem*": "masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - all of you", "*pəšaʿtem*": "perfect Qal, 2nd masculine plural - you have transgressed/rebelled", "*bî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - against me", "*nəʾum*": "masculine singular construct noun - declaration/oracle of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*lāmmāh*": "why/for what reason", "*tārîbû*": "you contend/strive/dispute/bring charges", "*pəšaʿtem*": "you have transgressed/rebelled/revolted", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } } 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.30", "source": "לַשָּׁוְא֙ הִכֵּ֣יתִי אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֔ם מוּסָ֖ר לֹ֣א לָקָ֑חוּ אָכְלָ֧ה חַרְבְּכֶ֛ם נְבִֽיאֵיכֶ֖ם כְּאַרְיֵ֥ה מַשְׁחִֽית׃", "text": "*laššāwʾ* *hikkêtî* *ʾet*-*bənêkem* *mûsār* *lōʾ* *lāqāḥû* *ʾāklāh* *ḥarbkem* *nəbîʾêkem* *kəʾaryēh* *mašḥît*", "grammar": { "*laššāwʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in vain", "*hikkêtî*": "perfect Hiphil, 1st singular - I have struck", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bənêkem*": "masculine plural construct noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your children/sons", "*mûsār*": "masculine singular noun - discipline/correction", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lāqāḥû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - they received/accepted", "*ʾāklāh*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - it has devoured", "*ḥarbkem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sword", "*nəbîʾêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your prophets", "*kəʾaryēh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - like a lion", "*mašḥît*": "participle Hiphil, masculine singular - destroying/ravaging" }, "variants": { "*šāwʾ*": "in vain/for nothing/futilely", "*hikkêtî*": "I have struck/smitten/disciplined", "*bənêkem*": "your children/sons/offspring", "*mûsār*": "discipline/correction/instruction", "*lāqāḥû*": "they received/accepted/took", "*ʾāklāh*": "it has devoured/consumed/eaten", "*ḥereb*": "sword/weapon/violence", "*nəbîʾêkem*": "your prophets/seers", "*ʾaryēh*": "lion/predator", "*mašḥît*": "destroying/ravaging/ruining" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.31", "source": "הַדּ֗וֹר אַתֶּם֙ רְא֣וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֔ה הֲמִדְבָּ֤ר הָיִי֙תִי֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֛ם אֶ֥רֶץ מַאְפֵּ֖לְיָ֑ה מַדּ֜וּעַ אָמְר֤וּ עַמִּי֙ רַ֔דְנוּ לֽוֹא־נָב֥וֹא ע֖וֹד אֵלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*haddôr* *ʾattem* *rəʾû* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *hămidbār* *hāyîtî* *ləyiśrāʾēl* *ʾim* *ʾereṣ* *maʾpēlyāh* *maddûaʿ* *ʾāmrû* *ʿammî* *radnû* *lôʾ*-*nābôʾ* *ʿôd* *ʾēlêkā*", "grammar": { "*haddôr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the generation", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*rəʾû*": "imperative Qal, masculine plural - see/consider", "*dəbar*": "masculine singular construct noun - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hămidbār*": "interrogative + masculine singular noun - a wilderness", "*hāyîtî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - have I been", "*ləyiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Israel", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - or", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct noun - land of", "*maʾpēlyāh*": "feminine singular noun - deep darkness", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*ʾāmrû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - they say", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*radnû*": "perfect Qal, 1st plural - we roam freely/we rule", "*lôʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nābôʾ*": "imperfect Qal, 1st plural - we will come", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/anymore", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*rəʾû*": "see/consider/observe", "*dəbar*": "word/speech/command", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*hāyîtî*": "have I been/was I", "*maʾpēlyāh*": "deep darkness/gloom/thick darkness", "*maddûaʿ*": "why/for what reason", "*radnû*": "we roam freely/we rule/we have dominion (possibly from root meaning 'to wander' or 'to rule')", "*nābôʾ*": "we will come/return/approach" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.32", "source": "הֲתִשְׁכַּ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ עֶדְיָ֔הּ כַּלָּ֖ה קִשֻּׁרֶ֑יהָ וְעַמִּ֣י שְׁכֵח֔וּנִי יָמִ֖ים אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*hătiškaḥ* *bətûlāh* *ʿedyāh* *kallāh* *qiššurêhā* *wəʿammî* *šəkēḥûnî* *yāmîm* *ʾên* *mispār*", "grammar": { "*hătiškaḥ*": "interrogative + imperfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - does she forget", "*bətûlāh*": "feminine singular noun - virgin/maiden", "*ʿedyāh*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ornaments/jewelry", "*kallāh*": "feminine singular noun - bride", "*qiššurêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sashes/bands/attire", "*wəʿammî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - yet my people", "*šəkēḥûnî*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural with 1st singular suffix - they have forgotten me", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʾên*": "particle of non-existence - without", "*mispār*": "masculine singular noun - number/count" }, "variants": { "*tiškaḥ*": "does she forget/does she neglect", "*bətûlāh*": "virgin/maiden/young woman", "*ʿedyāh*": "her ornaments/jewelry/adornments", "*kallāh*": "bride/daughter-in-law", "*qiššurêhā*": "her sashes/bands/ribbons/bridal attire", "*šəkēḥûnî*": "they have forgotten me/they have neglected me", "*ʾên mispār*": "without number/countless/innumerable" } } 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.33", "source": "מַה־תֵּיטִ֥בִי דַרְכֵּ֖ךְ לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אַהֲבָ֑ה לָכֵן֙ גַּ֣ם אֶת־הָרָע֔וֹת למדתי לִמַּ֖דְתְּ אֶת־דְּרָכָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*mah*-*têṭîbî* *darkēk* *ləbaqqēš* *ʾahăbāh* *lākēn* *gam* *ʾet*-*hārāʿôt* *limmadt* *ʾet*-*dərākāyik*", "grammar": { "*mah*": "interrogative - how/why", "*têṭîbî*": "imperfect Hiphil, 2nd feminine singular - you make good/prepare", "*darkēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*ləbaqqēš*": "preposition + infinitive construct Piel - to seek", "*ʾahăbāh*": "feminine singular noun - love", "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hārāʿôt*": "definite article + feminine plural adjective - the evil women/evils", "*limmadt*": "perfect Piel, 2nd feminine singular - you have taught (Qere, corrected reading)", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dərākāyik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your ways" }, "variants": { "*têṭîbî*": "you make good/prepare/improve/direct", "*darkēk*": "your way/path/conduct", "*baqqēš*": "to seek/search for/pursue", "*ʾahăbāh*": "love/affection", "*hārāʿôt*": "the evil women/the wicked ones/the evil things (feminine plural form)", "*limmadt*": "you have taught/trained/instructed (textual variant: *limmaḏtî* [Ketiv] = I have taught vs. *limmaḏt* [Qere] = you have taught)", "*dərākāyik*": "your ways/paths/conduct" } } 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.34", "source": "גַּ֤ם בִּכְנָפַ֙יִךְ֙ נִמְצְא֔וּ דַּ֛ם נַפְשׁ֥וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים נְקִיִּ֑ים לֹֽא־בַמַּחְתֶּ֥רֶת מְצָאתִ֖ים כִּ֥י עַל־כָּל־אֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*Gam* in *kənāp̄ayik* *nimṣəʾû* *dam* *nap̄šôt* *ʾeḇyônîm* *nəqiyyîm* not in *maḥteret* *məṣāʾtîm* for *ʿal*-all-*ʾēlleh*.", "grammar": { "*Gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*kənāp̄ayik*": "noun with preposition and 2nd person feminine singular possessive suffix - in your skirts/borders", "*nimṣəʾû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - were found", "*dam*": "construct state, masculine singular - blood of", "*nap̄šôt*": "feminine plural construct - souls/lives of", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "masculine plural - poor ones", "*nəqiyyîm*": "masculine plural adjective - innocent", "*maḥteret*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - in breaking in/house-breaking", "*məṣāʾtîm*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I found them", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon/concerning", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative plural - these" }, "variants": { "*kənāp̄ayik*": "your skirts/borders/wings/edges of garments", "*dam*": "blood/bloodguilt", "*nap̄šôt*": "souls/lives/persons", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "poor/needy/destitute ones", "*nəqiyyîm*": "innocent/clean/free from guilt", "*maḥteret*": "breaking in/house-breaking/place of forced entry", "*ʿal*": "on/upon/concerning/because of" } } 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.35", "source": "וַתֹּֽאמְרִי֙ כִּ֣י נִקֵּ֔יתִי אַ֛ךְ שָׁ֥ב אַפּ֖וֹ מִמֶּ֑נִּי הִנְנִי֙ נִשְׁפָּ֣ט אוֹתָ֔ךְ עַל־אָמְרֵ֖ךְ לֹ֥א חָטָֽאתִי׃", "text": "*Wattōʾmərî* that *niqqêtî* *ʾak* *šāḇ* *ʾappô* from me *hinnənî* *nišpāṭ* *ʾôtāk* *ʿal*-*ʾāmrēk* not *ḥāṭāʾtî*.", "grammar": { "*Wattōʾmərî*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 2nd person feminine singular - and you said", "*niqqêtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I am innocent/I am cleansed", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*šāḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - turned away/turned back", "*ʾappô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril", "*hinnənî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nišpāṭ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - entering into judgment/contending", "*ʾôtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - with you", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/because of", "*ʾāmrēk*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your saying", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned" }, "variants": { "*niqqêtî*": "I am innocent/I am cleansed/I am acquitted", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed/nevertheless", "*šāḇ*": "turned away/turned back/has subsided", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nostril/his wrath", "*nišpāṭ*": "entering into judgment/contending/bringing to trial", "*ʿal*": "concerning/because of/on account of" } }
• Jer 25:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.31", "source": "בָּ֤א שָׁאוֹן֙ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם נִשְׁפָּ֥ט ה֖וּא לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים נְתָנָ֥ם לַחֶ֖רֶב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Bāʾ* *šāʾôn* unto-*qəṣēh* *hāʾāreṣ* because *rîb* to-*YHWH* with-*haggôyîm* *nišpāṭ* *hûʾ* to-all-*bāśār* *hārəšāʿîm* *nətānām* to-*ḥereb* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Bāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has come", "*šāʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular - tumult/noise", "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - controversy/dispute", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*haggôyîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations", "*nišpāṭ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - entering into judgment", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - flesh", "*hārəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the wicked", "*nətānām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of" }, "variants": { "*šāʾôn*": "tumult/noise/roaring/clamor", "*rîb*": "controversy/dispute/legal case/lawsuit", "*nišpāṭ*": "entering into judgment/bringing to trial/contending legally", "*bāśār*": "flesh/body/all living beings", "*hārəšāʿîm*": "the wicked/the guilty/the unrighteous", "*ḥereb*": "sword/destruction/violence" } }
• Jer 31:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.37", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־יִמַּ֤דּוּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וְיֵחָקְר֥וּ מֽוֹסְדֵי־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמָ֑טָּה גַּם־אֲנִ֞י אֶמְאַ֨ס בְּכָל־זֶ֧רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, if-*yimmaddû* *šāmayim* from above, and *yēḥāqᵊrû* *môsᵊdê*-*ʾereṣ* to below, also-I *ʾemʾas* in all-*zeraʿ* *Yiśrāʾēl* for all-which *ʿāśû*, *nᵊʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yimmaddû*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be measured", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*yēḥāqᵊrû*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be searched out", "*môsᵊdê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - foundations of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*ʾemʾas*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will reject", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - seed/offspring of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿāśû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they did/made", "*nᵊʾum*": "construct state noun - utterance/declaration of" }, "variants": { "*yimmaddû*": "they will be measured/estimated", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*yēḥāqᵊrû*": "they will be searched out/investigated/explored", "*môsᵊdê*": "foundations/bases", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*ʾemʾas*": "I will reject/despise/refuse", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants/posterity" } }
• Ezek 20:35-36 : 35 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.35", "source": "וְהֵבֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־מִדְבַּ֖ר הָֽעַמִּ֑ים וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֤י אִתְּכֶם֙ שָׁ֔ם פָּנִ֖ים אֶל־פָּנִֽים׃", "text": "*wəhēḇēʾṯî* *ʾeṯḵem* *ʾel*-*miḏbar* *hāʿammîm* *wənišpaṭtî* *ʾittəḵem* *šām* *pānîm* *ʾel*-*pānîm*", "grammar": { "*wəhēḇēʾṯî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will bring", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*miḏbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness/desert of", "*hāʿammîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the peoples", "*wənišpaṭtî*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 1st singular - and I will enter into judgment", "*ʾittəḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face" }, "variants": { "*wəhēḇēʾṯî*": "and I will bring/and I will lead/and I will cause to enter", "*miḏbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited place", "*hāʿammîm*": "the peoples/the nations/populations", "*wənišpaṭtî*": "and I will enter into judgment/and I will contend/and I will execute judgment", "*pānîm* *ʾel*-*pānîm*": "face to face/directly/in person [idiom for direct confrontation]" } } 36 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.36", "source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁפַּ֙טְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֲב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כֵּ֚ן אִשָּׁפֵ֣ט אִתְּכֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "*kaʾăšer* *nišpaṭtî* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾăḇôṯêḵem* *bəmiḏbar* *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* *kēn* *ʾiššāp̄ēṭ* *ʾittəḵem* *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as/according to how", "*nišpaṭtî*": "niphal perfect, 1st singular - I entered into judgment", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăḇôṯêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bəmiḏbar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in wilderness of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*ʾiššāp̄ēṭ*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - I will enter into judgment", "*ʾittəḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*kaʾăšer*": "just as/according to how/in the same way that", "*nišpaṭtî*": "I entered into judgment/I contended/I executed judgment", "*ʾăḇôṯêḵem*": "your fathers/your ancestors/your forefathers", "*bəmiḏbar*": "in the wilderness of/in the desert of/in the uninhabited region of", "*ʾiššāp̄ēṭ*": "I will enter into judgment/I will contend/I will execute judgment", "*nəʾum*": "declaration of/utterance of/oracle of" } }