Verse 31

{ "verseID": "Romans.1.31", "source": "Ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀσπόνδους, ἀνελεήμονας:", "text": "*Asynetous*, *asynthetous*, *astorgous*, *aspondous*, *aneleēmonas*:", "grammar": { "*Asynetous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - without understanding", "*asynthetous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - covenant-breakers", "*astorgous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - unloving", "*aspondous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - implacable", "*aneleēmonas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - unmerciful" }, "variants": { "*Asynetous*": "without understanding/senseless/foolish", "*asynthetous*": "covenant-breakers/faithless/untrustworthy", "*astorgous*": "unloving/without natural affection", "*aspondous*": "implacable/irreconcilable/unforgiving", "*aneleēmonas*": "unmerciful/merciless/without compassion" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • 2 Tim 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "2 Timothy.3.3", "source": "Ἄστοργοι, ἄσπονδοι, διάβολοι, ἀκρατεῖς, ἀνήμεροι, ἀφιλάγαθοι,", "text": "*Astorgoi*, *aspondoi*, *diaboloi*, *akrateis*, *anēmeroi*, *aphilagathoi*,", "grammar": { "*astorgoi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - without natural affection", "*aspondoi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - implacable/unforgiving", "*diaboloi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - slanderous/false accusers", "*akrateis*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - without self-control", "*anēmeroi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - fierce/savage", "*aphilagathoi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - not lovers of good" }, "variants": { "*astorgoi*": "without natural affection/unloving/heartless", "*aspondoi*": "implacable/irreconcilable/truce-breakers/unforgiving", "*diaboloi*": "slanderers/accusers/devils", "*akrateis*": "without self-control/incontinent/undisciplined", "*anēmeroi*": "fierce/brutal/savage/untamed", "*aphilagathoi*": "not lovers of good/hostile to good/despisers of good" } }
  • 2 Kgs 18:14-37 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.14", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חִזְקִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֣ה אֶל־מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֩ ׀ לָכִ֨ישָׁה ׀ לֵאמֹ֤ר ׀ חָטָ֙אתִי֙ שׁ֣וּב מֵֽעָלַ֔י אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־תִּתֵּ֥ן עָלַ֖י אֶשָּׂ֑א וַיָּ֨שֶׂם מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֜וּר עַל־חִזְקִיָּ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה שְׁלֹ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ כִּכַּר־כֶּ֔סֶף וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים כִּכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃", "text": "And *wayyishlaḥ* *Ḥizqiyyah* *melek*-*Yəhudah* to *melek*-*ʾAshshur* to *Lakhishah* *leʾmor*, *ḥataʾti* *shuv* from upon me, *ʾet* which *titten* upon me *ʾessaʾ*. And *wayyasem* *melek*-*ʾAshshur* upon *Ḥizqiyyah* *melek*-*Yəhudah* three hundred *kikkar*-*kesef* and thirty *kikkar* *zahav*.", "grammar": { "*wayyishlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*Ḥizqiyyah*": "proper noun, masculine singular", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yəhudah*": "proper noun, masculine singular", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Assyria", "*Lakhishah*": "proper noun with directional he - to Lachish", "*leʾmor*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ḥataʾti*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have sinned", "*shuv*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - turn back/withdraw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*titten*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will put/impose", "*ʾessaʾ*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will bear/carry", "*wayyasem*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he imposed", "*kikkar*": "noun, feminine singular construct - talent of", "*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*zahav*": "noun, masculine singular - gold" }, "variants": { "*wayyishlaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*ḥataʾti*": "I have sinned/I have offended/I have done wrong", "*shuv*": "turn back/withdraw/depart", "*titten*": "put/impose/place", "*ʾessaʾ*": "I will bear/I will carry/I will pay", "*wayyasem*": "imposed/placed/set" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.15", "source": "וַיִּתֵּן֙ חִזְקִיָּ֔ה אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֖סֶף הַנִּמְצָ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֑ה וּבְאֹצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-yitten* *ḥizqîyāh* *ʾet*-all-the-*kesep* the-*nimṣāʾ* *bêt*-*YHWH* and-in-*ʾôṣərôt* *bêt* the-*melek*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yitten*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*ḥizqîyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*nimṣāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - being found/present", "*bêt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾôṣərôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - treasuries of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king" }, "variants": { "*kesep*": "silver/money/currency", "*bêt*": "house/temple/palace", "*ʾôṣərôt*": "treasuries/storehouses/repositories" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.16", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא קִצַּ֨ץ חִזְקִיָּ֜ה אֶת־דַּלְת֨וֹת הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ וְאֶת־הָאֹ֣מְנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִפָּ֔ה חִזְקִיָּ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם לְמֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃ פ", "text": "At-the-*ʿēt* the-*hîʾ* *qiṣṣaṣ* *ḥizqîyāh* *ʾet*-*daltôt* *hêkal* *YHWH* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʾōmnôt* which *ṣippāh* *ḥizqîyāh* *melek* *yəhûdāh* *wə-yittənēm* to-*melek* *ʾaššûr*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*hîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - that", "*qiṣṣaṣ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - cut off/stripped", "*ḥizqîyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*daltôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - doors of", "*hêkal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - temple of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾōmnôt*": "noun, feminine plural - doorposts/pillars", "*ṣippāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - overlaid/covered", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-yittənēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he gave them", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria" }, "variants": { "*qiṣṣaṣ*": "cut off/stripped/cut down", "*daltôt*": "doors/gates", "*hêkal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*ʾōmnôt*": "doorposts/pillars/supports", "*ṣippāh*": "overlaid/covered/plated" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.17", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֡וּר אֶת־תַּרְתָּ֥ן וְאֶת־רַב־סָרִ֣יס ׀ וְאֶת־רַב־שָׁקֵ֨ה מִן־לָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ בְּחֵ֥יל כָּבֵ֖ד יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיַּעֲל֣וּ וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ בִּתְעָלַת֙ הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה הָֽעֶלְיוֹנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֕ר בִּמְסִלַּ֖ת שְׂדֵ֥ה כוֹבֵֽס׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *melek*-*ʾaššûr* *ʾet*-*tartān* and-*ʾet*-*rab*-*sārîs* and-*ʾet*-*rab*-*šāqēh* from-*lākîš* to-the-*melek* *ḥizqîyāhû* with-*ḥayil* *kābēd* *yərûšālāim* *wə-yaʿălû* *wə-yābōʾû* *yərûšālaim* *wə-yaʿălû* *wə-yābōʾû* *wə-yaʿamdû* in-*təʿālat* the-*bərēkāh* the-*ʿelyônāh* which in-*məsillat* *śədēh* *kôbēs*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*tartān*": "proper noun/title - Tartan (commander)", "*rab*-*sārîs*": "compound title - chief eunuch/chamberlain", "*rab*-*šāqēh*": "compound title - chief cupbearer/field commander", "*lākîš*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - army/force", "*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/large", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə-yaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went up", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*wə-yaʿamdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they stood", "*təʿālat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - conduit/channel of", "*bərēkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - pool", "*ʿelyônāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - upper", "*məsillat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - highway of", "*śədēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - field of", "*kôbēs*": "noun, masculine singular - fuller/launderer" }, "variants": { "*ḥayil*": "army/force/strength", "*kābēd*": "heavy/large/impressive", "*təʿālat*": "conduit/channel/aqueduct", "*bərēkāh*": "pool/reservoir", "*məsillat*": "highway/road/path", "*kôbēs*": "fuller/launderer/washer" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.18", "source": "וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם אֶלְיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֖הוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וְשֶׁבְנָה֙ הַסֹּפֵ֔ר וְיוֹאָ֥ח בֶּן־אָסָ֖ף הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃", "text": "*wə-yiqrəʾû* to-the-*melek* *wə-yēṣēʾ* to-them *ʾelyāqîm* *ben*-*ḥilqîyāhû* who over-the-*bayit* and-*šebnāh* the-*sōpēr* and-*yôʾāḥ* *ben*-*ʾāsāp* the-*mazkîr*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they called", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*ʾelyāqîm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Eliakim", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ḥilqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hilkiah", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house/palace", "*šebnāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shebnah", "*sōpēr*": "noun, masculine singular - scribe/secretary", "*yôʾāḥ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joah", "*ʾāsāp*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Asaph", "*mazkîr*": "noun, masculine singular - recorder/chronicler" }, "variants": { "*bayit*": "house/palace/household", "*sōpēr*": "scribe/secretary/writer", "*mazkîr*": "recorder/chronicler/remembrancer" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.19", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה אִמְרוּ־נָ֖א אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר מָ֧ה הַבִּטָּח֛וֹן הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּטָֽחְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to-them *rab*-*šāqēh* *ʾimrû*-*nāʾ* to-*ḥizqîyāhû* thus-*ʾāmar* the-*melek* the-*gādôl* *melek* *ʾaššûr* what the-*biṭṭāḥôn* the-*zeh* which *bāṭāḥtā*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rab*-*šāqēh*": "compound title - chief cupbearer/field commander", "*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - say", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*biṭṭāḥôn*": "noun, masculine singular - confidence/trust", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*bāṭāḥtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you trusted" }, "variants": { "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*biṭṭāḥôn*": "confidence/trust/reliance" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.20", "source": "אָמַ֙רְתָּ֙ אַךְ־דְּבַר־שְׂפָתַ֔יִם עֵצָ֥ה וּגְבוּרָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה עַתָּה֙ עַל־מִ֣י בָטַ֔חְתָּ כִּ֥י מָרַ֖דְתָּ בִּֽי׃", "text": "*ʾāmartā* only-*dəbar*-*śəpātayim* *ʿēṣāh* and-*gəbûrāh* for-the-*milḥāmāh* *ʿattāh* on-who *bāṭaḥtā* that *mārādtā* in-me.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you said", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*śəpātayim*": "noun, feminine dual - lips", "*ʿēṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular - counsel/advice", "*gəbûrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - strength/might", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*bāṭaḥtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you trusted", "*mārādtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you rebelled" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*-*śəpātayim*": "empty talk/mere words", "*ʿēṣāh*": "counsel/advice/strategy", "*gəbûrāh*": "strength/might/power", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/combat" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.21", "source": "עַתָּ֡ה הִנֵּ֣ה בָטַ֣חְתָּ לְּךָ֡ עַל־מִשְׁעֶנֶת֩ הַקָּנֶ֨ה הָרָצ֤וּץ הַזֶּה֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִסָּמֵ֥ךְ אִישׁ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבָ֥א בְכַפּ֖וֹ וּנְקָבָ֑הּ כֵּ֚ן פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְכָֽל־הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*ʿattāh* *hinnēh* *bāṭaḥtā* to-you on-*mišʿenet* the-*qāneh* the-*rāṣûṣ* the-*zeh* on-*miṣrayim* which *yissāmēk* *ʾîš* upon-it and-*bāʾ* in-*kappô* and-*nəqābāh* thus *parʿōh* *melek*-*miṣrayim* to-all-the-*bōṭəḥîm* upon-him.", "grammar": { "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*bāṭaḥtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you trusted", "*mišʿenet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - staff of", "*qāneh*": "noun, masculine singular - reed", "*rāṣûṣ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - crushed/broken", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yissāmēk*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he leans", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it goes", "*kappô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his palm", "*nəqābāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it pierces", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - trusting" }, "variants": { "*mišʿenet*": "staff/support/prop", "*qāneh*": "reed/cane/stalk", "*rāṣûṣ*": "crushed/broken/bruised", "*bāʾ*": "goes/enters/penetrates", "*nəqābāh*": "pierces/punctures" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.22", "source": "וְכִי־תֹאמְר֣וּן אֵלַ֔י אֶל־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ בָּטָ֑חְנוּ הֲלוֹא־ה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵסִ֤יר חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶת־בָּמֹתָ֣יו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֔יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לִֽיהוּדָה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לִפְנֵי֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֣חַ הַזֶּ֔ה תִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And-if-*tōʾmərûn* to-me to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *bāṭāḥnû* is-not-he who *hēsîr* *ḥizqîyāhû* *ʾet*-*bāmōtāyw* and-*ʾet*-*mizbəḥōtāyw* *wə-yōʾmer* to-*yəhûdāh* and-to-*yərûšālaim* before the-*mizbēaḥ* the-*zeh* *tištaḥăwû* in-*yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*tōʾmərûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you say", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st common plural suffix - our God", "*bāṭāḥnû*": "qal perfect, 1st common plural - we trusted", "*hēsîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he removed", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*bāmōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his high places", "*mizbəḥōtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his altars", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*mizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - altar", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*tištaḥăwû*": "hishtaphel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall worship" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "our God/our deity", "*bāmōtāyw*": "his high places/shrines/cult centers", "*mizbəḥōtāyw*": "his altars/places of sacrifice", "*tištaḥăwû*": "you shall worship/bow down/prostrate yourselves" } } 23 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.23", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ הִתְעָ֣רֶב נָ֔א אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לְךָ֙ אַלְפַּ֣יִם סוּסִ֔ים אִם־תּוּכַ֕ל לָ֥תֶת לְךָ֖ רֹכְבִ֥ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*ʿattāh* *hitʿāreb* *nāʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾădōnî* *ʾet*-*melek* *ʾaššûr* *wə-ʾettənāh* to-you *ʾalpayim* *sûsîm* if-*tûkal* to-give to-you *rōkəbîm* upon-them.", "grammar": { "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*hitʿāreb*": "hithpael imperative, masculine singular - exchange pledges", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person suffix - my lord", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wə-ʾettənāh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will give", "*ʾalpayim*": "numeral, dual - two thousand", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses", "*tûkal*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are able", "*rōkəbîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - riders" }, "variants": { "*hitʿāreb*": "exchange pledges/make a wager/make a bargain", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*tûkal*": "you are able/you can/you have capacity" } } 24 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.24", "source": "וְאֵ֣יךְ תָּשִׁ֗יב אֵ֠ת פְּנֵ֨י פַחַ֥ת אַחַ֛ד עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הַקְּטַנִּ֑ים וַתִּבְטַ֤ח לְךָ֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם לְרֶ֖כֶב וּלְפָרָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And-how *tāšîb* *ʾēt* *pənê* *paḥat* *ʾaḥad* *ʿabdê* *ʾădōnî* the-*qəṭannîm* *wə-tibtaḥ* to-you on-*miṣrayim* for-*rekeb* and-for-*pārāšîm*.", "grammar": { "*tāšîb*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you turn away", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*paḥat*": "noun, masculine singular construct - governor of", "*ʾaḥad*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person suffix - my lord", "*qəṭannîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - small/least", "*wə-tibtaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you trust", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot/chariotry", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen" }, "variants": { "*tāšîb*": "turn away/repulse/turn back", "*pənê*": "face/presence/person", "*paḥat*": "governor/captain/official", "*qəṭannîm*": "small/least/minor", "*rekeb*": "chariot/chariotry/war vehicle" } } 25 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.25", "source": "עַתָּה֙ הֲמִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עָלִ֛יתִי עַל־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לְהַשְׁחִת֑וֹ יְהוָה֙ אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֔י עֲלֵ֛ה עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְהַשְׁחִיתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʿattāh* is-apart-from *YHWH* *ʿālîtî* against-the-*māqôm* the-*zeh* to-*hašḥîtô* *YHWH* *ʾāmar* to-me *ʿălēh* against-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-*zōʾt* and-*hašḥîtāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿālîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I came up", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hašḥîtô*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to destroy it", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʿălēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go up", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hašḥîtāh*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - destroy it" }, "variants": { "*ʿālîtî*": "I came up/I ascended/I advanced", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*hašḥîtô*": "to destroy it/to ruin it/to bring it to ruin", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/earth" } } 26 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־חִ֠לְקִיָּהוּ וְשֶׁבְנָ֨ה וְיוֹאָ֜ח אֶל־רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה דַּבֶּר־נָ֤א אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲרָמִ֔ית כִּ֥י שֹׁמְעִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַל־תְּדַבֵּ֤ר עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ יְהוּדִ֔ית בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַחֹמָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *ʾelyāqîm* *ben*-*ḥilqîyāhû* and-*šebnāh* and-*yôʾāḥ* to-*rab*-*šāqēh* *dabber*-*nāʾ* to-*ʿăbādeykā* *ʾărāmît* for *šōməʿîm* *ʾănāḥnû* and-not-*tədabbēr* with-us *yəhûdît* in-*ʾoznê* the-*ʿām* who on-the-*ḥômāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾelyāqîm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Eliakim", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ḥilqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hilkiah", "*šebnāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shebnah", "*yôʾāḥ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joah", "*rab*-*šāqēh*": "compound title - chief cupbearer/field commander", "*dabber*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - speak", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ʿăbādeykā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*ʾărāmît*": "adverb - in Aramaic", "*šōməʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - hearing/understanding", "*ʾănāḥnû*": "personal pronoun, 1st common plural - we", "*tədabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you speak", "*yəhûdît*": "adverb - in Judean/Hebrew", "*ʾoznê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - ears of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ḥômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall" }, "variants": { "*dabber*": "speak/talk/converse", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*ʾărāmît*": "in Aramaic/in Syrian", "*yəhûdît*": "in Judean/in Hebrew", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk" } } 27 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַעַ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת חריהם צוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־שיניהם מימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עִמָּכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to them *rab-šāqēh*, *haʿal* your lord and to you *šəlāḥanî* my lord to *ləḏabbēr* *ʾeṯ*-the words the these? *hălōʾ* to-the men the *hayyōšəḇîm* on-the wall, to *leʾĕḵōl* *ʾeṯ* their *ṣôʾāṯām* and to *wəlištôṯ* *ʾeṯ*-their *mêmê* their *raḡlêhem* with you?", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular imperfect - and he said", "*rab-šāqēh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Rabshakeh (title of Assyrian officer)", "*haʿal*": "interrogative particle + preposition - is it to/concerning", "*šəlāḥanî*": "3rd masculine singular perfect + 1st singular suffix - he sent me", "*ləḏabbēr*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative - is it not", "*hayyōšəḇîm*": "article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones sitting/dwelling", "*leʾĕḵōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*ṣôʾāṯām*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their excrement", "*wəlištôṯ*": "conjunction + preposition + Qal infinitive construct - and to drink", "*mêmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - waters of", "*raḡlêhem*": "noun feminine dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their feet/legs" }, "variants": { "*rab-šāqēh*": "chief cupbearer/high official/military commander", "*ṣôʾāṯām*": "their dung/excrement/filth", "*mêmê raḡlêhem*": "water of their feet/urine" } } 28 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.28", "source": "וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א בְקוֹל־גָּד֖וֹל יְהוּדִ֑ית וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר וַיֹּ֔אמֶר שִׁמְע֛וּ דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הַגָּד֖וֹל מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿămōḏ* *rab-šāqēh* and *wayyiqrāʾ* with *ḇəqôl*-*gāḏôl* *yəhûḏîṯ* and *wayḏabbēr* and *wayyōʾmer*, *šimʿû* *dəḇar*-the king the *haggāḏôl* king *ʾaššûr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿămōḏ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - and he stood", "*rab-šāqēh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Rabshakeh", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - and he called/cried out", "*ḇəqôl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - with voice of", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/loud", "*yəhûḏîṯ*": "adverb - in the Jewish/Judean language", "*wayḏabbēr*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect - and he spoke", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - and he said", "*šimʿû*": "2nd masculine plural Qal imperative - hear/listen", "*dəḇar*": "noun masculine singular construct - word of", "*haggāḏôl*": "article + adjective masculine singular - the great", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria" }, "variants": { "*yəhûḏîṯ*": "in Hebrew/in the Judean language", "*rab-šāqēh*": "chief cupbearer/high official/military commander" } } 29 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.29", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אַל־יַשִּׁ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּי־לֹ֣א יוּכַ֔ל לְהַצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדֽוֹ׃", "text": "Thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* the king, *ʾal*-*yaššîʾ* to you *ḥizqîyāhû* because-*lōʾ* *yûḵal* to *ləhaṣṣîl* you from *mîyāḏô*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect - he said", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (for imperatives/jussives) - do not", "*yaššîʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil jussive - let him deceive/mislead", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yûḵal*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - he is able/can", "*ləhaṣṣîl*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to deliver/save", "*mîyāḏô*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his hand" }, "variants": { "*yaššîʾ*": "deceive/mislead/persuade", "*ləhaṣṣîl*": "to deliver/save/rescue" } } 30 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.30", "source": "וְאַל־יַבְטַ֨ח אֶתְכֶ֤ם חִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֔ר הַצֵּ֥ל יַצִּילֵ֖נוּ יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִנָּתֵן֙ אֶת־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את בְּיַ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃", "text": "And *wəʾal*-*yaḇṭaḥ* you *ḥizqîyāhû* to-*YHWH* *lēmōr*, *haṣṣēl* *yaṣṣîlēnû* *YHWH* and *wəlōʾ* *tinnāṯēn* *ʾeṯ*-the city the this in *bəyaḏ* king *ʾaššûr*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*yaḇṭaḥ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil jussive - let him cause to trust", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*haṣṣēl*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - surely deliver", "*yaṣṣîlēnû*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect + 1st plural suffix - he will deliver us", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tinnāṯēn*": "3rd feminine singular Niphal imperfect - she will be given", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bəyaḏ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - in hand of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria" }, "variants": { "*haṣṣēl yaṣṣîlēnû*": "emphatically deliver/certainly save/surely rescue", "*yaḇṭaḥ*": "cause to trust/make confident in" } } 31 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.31", "source": "אַֽל־תִּשְׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּ כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֗וּר עֲשֽׂוּ־אִתִּ֤י בְרָכָה֙ וּצְא֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאִכְל֤וּ אִישׁ־גַּפְנוֹ֙ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּאֵֽנָת֔וֹ וּשְׁת֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ מֵֽי־בוֹרֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tišməʿû* to-*ḥizqîyāhû* because thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* king *ʾaššûr*, *ʿăśû*-with me *ḇərāḵāh* and *ûṣəʾû* to me, and *wəʾiḵlû* *ʾîš*-his *gapnô* and *wəʾîš* his *təʾēnāṯô* and *ûštû* *ʾîš* *mê*-his *ḇôrô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tišməʿû*": "2nd masculine plural Qal imperfect - you listen/hear/obey", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect - he said", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʿăśû*": "2nd masculine plural Qal imperative - make/do", "*ḇərāḵāh*": "noun feminine singular - blessing/peace treaty", "*ûṣəʾû*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine plural Qal imperative - and come out", "*wəʾiḵlû*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine plural Qal imperative - and eat", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/each one", "*gapnô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his vine", "*wəʾîš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and man/each one", "*təʾēnāṯô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fig tree", "*ûštû*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine plural Qal imperative - and drink", "*mê*": "noun masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ḇôrô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cistern/well" }, "variants": { "*ḇərāḵāh*": "blessing/peace treaty/surrender agreement", "*ʿăśû-ʾittî ḇərāḵāh*": "make peace with me/surrender to me/submit to me" } } 32 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.32", "source": "עַד־בֹּאִי֩ וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֜ם אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּאַרְצְכֶ֗ם אֶרֶץ֩ דָּגָ֨ן וְתִיר֜וֹשׁ אֶ֧רֶץ לֶ֣חֶם וּכְרָמִ֗ים אֶ֣רֶץ זֵ֤ית יִצְהָר֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ וִֽחְי֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תָמֻ֑תוּ וְאַֽל־תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ כִּֽי־יַסִּ֤ית אֶתְכֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֖ה יַצִּילֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "Until *ʿaḏ*-my *bōʾî* and *wəlāqaḥtî* you to-*ʾereṣ* like your *kəʾarṣəḵem*, *ʾereṣ* *dāḡān* and *wəṯîrôš*, *ʾereṣ* *leḥem* and *ûḵərāmîm*, *ʾereṣ* *zêṯ* *yiṣhār* and *ûḏəḇaš*, and *wiḥəyû* and *wəlōʾ* *ṯāmuṯû*. And *wəʾal*-*tišməʿû* to-*ḥizqîyāhû* because-*kî*-*yassîṯ* you *lēmōr*, *YHWH* *yaṣṣîlēnû*.", "grammar": { "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*bōʾî*": "Qal infinitive construct + 1st singular suffix - my coming", "*wəlāqaḥtî*": "conjunction + 1st singular Qal perfect (consecutive) - and I will take", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*kəʾarṣəḵem*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - like your land", "*dāḡān*": "noun masculine singular - grain/corn", "*wəṯîrôš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and new wine", "*leḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food", "*ûḵərāmîm*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural - and vineyards", "*zêṯ*": "noun masculine singular - olive", "*yiṣhār*": "noun masculine singular - fresh oil", "*ûḏəḇaš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and honey", "*wiḥəyû*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine plural Qal imperative - and live", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯāmuṯû*": "2nd masculine plural Qal imperfect - you will die", "*wəʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*tišməʿû*": "2nd masculine plural Qal imperfect - you listen/obey", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/when/that", "*yassîṯ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect - he incites/seduces", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*yaṣṣîlēnû*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect + 1st plural suffix - he will deliver us" }, "variants": { "*yassîṯ*": "incite/seduce/entice/persuade", "*dāḡān wəṯîrôš*": "grain and new wine (basic food staples)", "*zêṯ yiṣhār*": "olive oil/fresh oil" } } 33 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.33", "source": "הַהַצֵּ֥ל הִצִּ֛ילוּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אַרְצ֑וֹ מִיַּ֖ד מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃", "text": "The *hahaṣṣēl* *hiṣṣîlû* *ʾĕlōhê* the *haggôyim* *ʾîš* *ʾeṯ*-his *ʾarṣô* from *miyyaḏ* king *ʾaššûr*?", "grammar": { "*hahaṣṣēl*": "interrogative particle + Hiphil infinitive absolute - delivering indeed", "*hiṣṣîlû*": "3rd plural Hiphil perfect - they delivered", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - gods of", "*haggôyim*": "article + noun masculine plural - the nations", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each one/man", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾarṣô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land", "*miyyaḏ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from hand of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria" }, "variants": { "*hahaṣṣēl hiṣṣîlû*": "emphatic question: Have they at all delivered/rescued/saved?", "*ʾĕlōhê haggôyim*": "gods of the nations/deities of the gentiles" } } 34 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.34", "source": "אַיֵּה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י חֲמָ֜ת וְאַרְפָּ֗ד אַיֵּ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י סְפַרְוַ֖יִם הֵנַ֣ע וְעִוָּ֑ה כִּֽי־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן מִיָּדִֽי׃", "text": "Where *ʾayyēh* *ʾĕlōhê* *ḥămāṯ* and *wəʾarpāḏ*? Where *ʾayyēh* *ʾĕlōhê* *səp̄arwayim* *hēnaʿ* and *wəʿiwwāh*? For *kî*-*hiṣṣîlû* *ʾeṯ*-*šōmərôn* from *miyyāḏî*?", "grammar": { "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ḥămāṯ*": "proper noun - Hamath", "*wəʾarpāḏ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Arpad", "*səp̄arwayim*": "proper noun - Sepharvaim", "*hēnaʿ*": "proper noun - Hena", "*wəʿiwwāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ivvah", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that/because", "*hiṣṣîlû*": "3rd plural Hiphil perfect - they delivered", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*miyyāḏî*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - from my hand" }, "variants": { "*hiṣṣîlû*": "delivered/rescued/saved", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "gods of/deities of" } } 35 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.35", "source": "מִ֚י בְּכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽאֲרָצ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־הִצִּ֥ילוּ אֶת־אַרְצָ֖ם מִיָּדִ֑י כִּי־יַצִּ֧יל יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם מִיָּדִֽי׃", "text": "Who *mî* among *bəḵāl*-*ʾĕlōhê* the *hāʾărāṣôṯ* who *ʾăšer*-*hiṣṣîlû* *ʾeṯ*-their *ʾarṣām* from *miyyāḏî*, that *kî*-*yaṣṣîl* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*yərûšālaim* from *miyyāḏî*?", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*bəḵāl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - among all of", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - gods of", "*hāʾărāṣôṯ*": "article + noun feminine plural - the lands", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*hiṣṣîlû*": "3rd plural Hiphil perfect - they delivered", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their land", "*miyyāḏî*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - from my hand", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*yaṣṣîl*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect - he will deliver", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*hiṣṣîlû*": "delivered/rescued/saved", "*yaṣṣîl*": "will deliver/shall rescue/would save" } } 36 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.36", "source": "וְהֶחֱרִ֣ישׁוּ הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־עָנ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ דָּבָ֑ר כִּי־מִצְוַ֨ת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ הִ֛יא לֵאמֹ֖ר לֹ֥א תַעֲנֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "And *wəheḥĕrîšû* the people and *wəlōʾ*-*ʿānû* *ʾōṯô* *dāḇār* because *kî*-*miṣwaṯ* the king *hîʾ* *lēmōr* *lōʾ* *ṯaʿănûhû*.", "grammar": { "*wəheḥĕrîšû*": "conjunction + 3rd plural Hiphil perfect - and they kept silent", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿānû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they answered", "*ʾōṯô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*dāḇār*": "noun masculine singular - word/thing", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*miṣwaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - command of", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it [is]", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯaʿănûhû*": "2nd masculine plural Qal imperfect + 3rd masculine singular suffix - you shall answer him" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕrîšû*": "kept silent/were quiet/held their peace", "*ʿānû*": "answered/responded/replied" } } 37 { "verseID": "2Kings.18.37", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַ֠בַּיִת וְשֶׁבְנָ֨א הַסֹּפֵ֜ר וְיוֹאָ֨ח בֶּן־אָסָ֧ף הַמַּזְכִּ֛יר אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ קְרוּעֵ֣י בְגָדִ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ דִּבְרֵ֖י רַב־שָׁקֵֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾ* *ʾelyāqîm* son-of-*ḥilqîyāh* who *ʾăšer*-over-the house and *wəšeḇnāʾ* the *hassōp̄ēr* and *wəyôʾāḥ* son-of-*ʾāsāp̄* the *hammazkîr* to-*ḥizqîyāhû* *qərûʿê* *ḇəḡāḏîm* and *wayyaggîḏû* to him *diḇrê* *rab-šāqēh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect - and he came", "*ʾelyāqîm*": "proper noun - Eliakim", "*ḥilqîyāh*": "proper noun - Hilkiah", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who", "*wəšeḇnāʾ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Shebna", "*hassōp̄ēr*": "article + noun masculine singular - the scribe", "*wəyôʾāḥ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Joah", "*ʾāsāp̄*": "proper noun - Asaph", "*hammazkîr*": "article + Hiphil participle masculine singular - the recorder/remembrancer", "*ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*qərûʿê*": "Qal passive participle masculine plural construct - torn of", "*ḇəḡāḏîm*": "noun masculine plural - garments", "*wayyaggîḏû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd plural Hiphil imperfect - and they told", "*diḇrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*rab-šāqēh*": "proper noun - Rabshakeh" }, "variants": { "*hassōp̄ēr*": "the scribe/secretary/record keeper", "*hammazkîr*": "the recorder/remembrancer/chronicler", "*qərûʿê ḇəḡāḏîm*": "with torn clothes (sign of distress)", "*rab-šāqēh*": "chief cupbearer/high official/military commander" } }
  • Prov 18:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Proverbs.18.2", "source": "לֹֽא־יַחְפֹּ֣ץ כְּ֭סִיל בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה כִּ֝֗י אִֽם־בְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹת לִבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Not *yaḥpōṣ* *kəsîl* in-*təḇûnāh* but if in-*hiṯgallôṯ* *libbô*", "grammar": { "*yaḥpōṣ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - delights/desires/takes pleasure", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool/stupid person", "*təḇûnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - understanding/insight/intelligence", "*hiṯgallôṯ*": "verb, hithpael infinitive construct - revealing/exposing/displaying", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart/mind" }, "variants": { "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid person/dullard", "*təḇûnāh*": "understanding/insight/discernment/intelligence", "*hiṯgallôṯ*": "revealing/exposing/displaying/parading", "*libbô*": "his heart/mind/inner self/thoughts" } }
  • Isa 27:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.27.11", "source": "בִּיבֹ֤שׁ קְצִירָהּ֙ תִּשָּׁבַ֔רְנָה נָשִׁ֕ים בָּא֖וֹת מְאִיר֣וֹת אוֹתָ֑הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א עַם־בִּינוֹת֙ ה֔וּא עַל־כֵּן֙ לֹֽא־יְרַחֲמֶ֣נּוּ עֹשֵׂ֔הוּ וְיֹצְר֖וֹ לֹ֥א יְחֻנֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס", "text": "When-*yibōš* *qĕṣîrāh* *tiššābarnâ* *nāšîm* *bāʾôt* *mĕʾîrôt* *ʾôtāh* for not *ʿam*-*bînôt* *hûʾ* upon-therefore not-*yĕraḥămennû* *ʿōśēhû* and-*yōṣrô* not *yĕḥunnennû*", "grammar": { "*yibōš*": "Qal infinitive construct - withering/drying up", "*qĕṣîrāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her harvest/branches", "*tiššābarnâ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be broken", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*bāʾôt*": "Qal participle, feminine plural - coming", "*mĕʾîrôt*": "Hiphil participle, feminine plural - lighting/setting on fire", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct noun - people of", "*bînôt*": "feminine plural noun - understanding/discernment", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*yĕraḥămennû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will have compassion on him", "*ʿōśēhû*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his maker", "*yōṣrô*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his former/creator", "*yĕḥunnennû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will be gracious to him" }, "variants": { "*yibōš*": "withering/drying up/becoming dry", "*qĕṣîrāh*": "her harvest/her branches/her twigs", "*tiššābarnâ*": "will be broken/will be shattered", "*mĕʾîrôt*": "lighting/setting on fire/kindling", "*bînôt*": "understanding/discernment/intelligence", "*yĕraḥămennû*": "will have compassion on him/will show mercy to him", "*ʿōśēhû*": "his maker/his creator", "*yōṣrô*": "his former/his creator/his fashioner", "*yĕḥunnennû*": "will be gracious to him/will show favor to him" } }
  • Isa 33:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.33.8", "source": "נָשַׁמּוּ מְסִלּוֹת שָׁבַת עֹבֵר אֹרַח הֵפֵר בְּרִית מָאַס עָרִים לֹא חָשַׁב אֱנוֹשׁ", "text": "*Nāšammû* *məsillôt* *šābat* *ʿōbēr* *ʾōraḥ* *hēpēr* *bərît* *māʾas* *ʿārîm* not *ḥāšab* *ʾĕnôš*", "grammar": { "*Nāšammû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate", "*məsillôt*": "noun, feminine plural - highways/roads", "*šābat*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has ceased", "*ʿōbēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one passing", "*ʾōraḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - traveler/wayfarer", "*hēpēr*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has broken", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*māʾas*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has rejected/despised", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*ḥāšab*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he regards/esteems", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind" }, "variants": { "*Nāšammû*": "they are desolate/they are deserted/they are waste", "*məsillôt*": "highways/roads/paths", "*šābat*": "he has ceased/he has stopped/it has ended", "*ʿōbēr*": "one passing/traveler/passer-by", "*ʾōraḥ*": "traveler/wayfarer/path", "*hēpēr*": "he has broken/he has violated/he has frustrated", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*māʾas*": "he has rejected/he has despised/he has refused", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*ḥāšab*": "he regards/he considers/he esteems", "*ʾĕnôš*": "man/mankind/humanity" } }
  • Jer 4:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.22", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אֱוִ֣יל עַמִּ֗י אוֹתִי֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בָּנִ֤ים סְכָלִים֙ הֵ֔מָּה וְלֹ֥א נְבוֹנִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים הֵ֙מָּה֙ לְהָרַ֔ע וּלְהֵיטִ֖יב לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃", "text": "For *ʾĕwîl* my *ʿammî*, me not *yādāʿû*; *bānîm* *səḵālîm* they, and not *nəbônîm* they; *ḥăḵāmîm* they to *hāraʿ*, and to *hêṭîb* not *yādāʿû*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕwîl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*yādāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have known", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - children/sons", "*səḵālîm*": "masculine plural adjective - foolish/senseless", "*nəbônîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - understanding ones", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise/skilled", "*hāraʿ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to do evil", "*hêṭîb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to do good", "*yādāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have known" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕwîl*": "foolish/stupid/silly", "*ʿammî*": "my people/nation/folk", "*yādāʿû*": "known/understood/perceived", "*bānîm*": "children/sons/descendants", "*səḵālîm*": "foolish/senseless/stupid", "*nəbônîm*": "understanding ones/discerning ones/intelligent ones", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise/skilled/clever", "*hāraʿ*": "to do evil/harm/wrong", "*hêṭîb*": "to do good/act well/do right" } }
  • Matt 15:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Matthew.15.16", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, Ἀκμὴν καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε;", "text": "The *de* *Iēsous* *eipen*, *Akmēn* also you *asunetoi* *este*?", "grammar": { "*Ho de*": "but he", "*Iēsous*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*eipen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he said", "*Akmēn*": "adverb - still/yet", "*kai*": "conjunction - also/even", "*humeis*": "nominative, plural - you", "*asunetoi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - without understanding", "*este*": "present, indicative, active, 2nd person plural - you are" }, "variants": { "*eipen*": "said/spoke/told", "*Akmēn*": "still/yet/even now", "*asunetoi*": "without understanding/unintelligent/foolish" } }
  • Rom 1:20-21 : 20 { "verseID": "Romans.1.20", "source": "Τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα, καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης· εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους:", "text": "The *gar* *aorata* *autou* *apo* *ktiseōs* *kosmou* the *poiēmasin* *nooumena*, *kathoratai*, the *te* *aidios* *autou* *dynamis* *kai* *theiotēs*· *eis* the *einai* *autous* *anapologētous*:", "grammar": { "*gar*": "conjunction - for", "*aorata*": "nominative, neuter, plural, adjective - invisible things", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, possessive pronoun - his", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from/since", "*ktiseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - creation", "*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of world", "*poiēmasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - by things made", "*nooumena*": "present passive participle, nominative, neuter, plural - being understood", "*kathoratai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - are clearly seen", "*te*": "conjunction - both", "*aidios*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - eternal", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, possessive pronoun - his", "*dynamis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - power", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*theiotēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - divine nature", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/resulting in", "*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*anapologētous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - without excuse" }, "variants": { "*aorata*": "invisible things/unseen attributes", "*ktiseōs*": "creation/founding", "*poiēmasin*": "things made/works/creations", "*nooumena*": "being understood/perceived/comprehended", "*kathoratai*": "are clearly seen/perceived/observed", "*aidios*": "eternal/everlasting", "*dynamis*": "power/might/strength", "*theiotēs*": "divine nature/divinity/godhead", "*anapologētous*": "without excuse/defenseless/inexcusable" } } 21 { "verseID": "Romans.1.21", "source": "Διότι, γνόντες τὸν Θεόν, οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν, ἢ εὐχαρίστησαν· ἀλλʼ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία.", "text": "*Dioti*, *gnontes* the *Theon*, *ouch* *hōs* *Theon* *edoxasan*, *ē* *eucharistēsan*· *all'* *emataiōthēsan* *en* the *dialogismois* *autōn*, *kai* *eskotisthē* the *asynetos* *autōn* *kardia*.", "grammar": { "*Dioti*": "conjunction - because", "*gnontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having known", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*ouch*": "negative particle - not", "*hōs*": "adverb - as", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*edoxasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they glorified", "*ē*": "conjunction - or", "*eucharistēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they gave thanks", "*all'*": "conjunction - but", "*emataiōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became futile", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*dialogismois*": "dative, masculine, plural - reasoning/thoughts", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was darkened", "*asynetos*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - foolish/senseless", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*kardia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*gnontes*": "having known/recognized/understood", "*edoxasan*": "they glorified/honored/praised", "*eucharistēsan*": "they gave thanks/were grateful", "*emataiōthēsan*": "they became futile/vain/empty", "*dialogismois*": "reasoning/thoughts/deliberations", "*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured/blinded", "*asynetos*": "foolish/senseless/without understanding", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self" } }
  • Rom 3:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Romans.3.11", "source": "Οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ συνίων, οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ ἐκζητῶν τὸν Θεόν.", "text": "*Ouk estin ho syniōn*, *ouk estin ho ekzētōn ton Theon*.", "grammar": { "*Ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*ho syniōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one understanding", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*estin*": "verb, present active, 3rd person singular - is/exists", "*ho ekzētōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one seeking out", "*ton Theon*": "article + noun, accusative, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*syniōn*": "understanding/comprehending/discerning", "*ekzētōn*": "seeking out/searching for/earnestly seeking" } }