2 Kings 18:13

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah's reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃

Transliteration

And in fourteen shanah to the melek Ḥizqiyyah, ʿalah Sanḥeriv melek-ʾAshshur against all ʿare Yəhudah the bətsurot and wayyitpəsem.

Grammar Details

• *shanah*: noun, feminine singular - year
• *melek*: noun, masculine singular construct - king of
• *Ḥizqiyyah*: proper noun, masculine singular
• *ʿalah*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went up
• *Sanḥeriv*: proper noun, masculine singular - Sennacherib
• *ʾAshshur*: proper noun, masculine singular - Assyria
• *ʿare*: noun, feminine plural construct - cities of
• *Yəhudah*: proper noun, masculine singular
• *bətsurot*: adjective, feminine plural - fortified
• *wayyitpəsem*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he seized them

Word Meanings

• *ʿalah*: went up/came up/attacked
• *bətsurot*: fortified/fortresses/strongholds
• *wayyitpəsem*: seized them/captured them/took them

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  In the fourteth yeare of kynge Ezechias dyd Sennacherib ye kynge of Assiria come vp agaynst all the stronge cities of Iuda, & coquered the.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Moreouer, in the fourteenth yeere of King Hezekiah, Saneherib King of Asshur came vp against all the strong cities of Iudah, and tooke them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Therfore in the fourteenth yere of king Hezekia, did Semacherib king of Assyria come vp against all the strong cities of Iuda, and toke them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah hath Sennacherib king of Asshur come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and seizeth them,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came up against all the walled towns of Judah and took them.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Sennacherib Invades Judah In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah’s reign, King Sennacherib of Assyria marched up against all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 36:1-9 : 1 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, marched against all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them. 2 And the king of Assyria sent the Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem to King Hezekiah with a large army. He stood by the conduit of the upper pool, on the highway to the launderer’s field. 3 Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the palace, with Shebna the scribe and Joah son of Asaph the recorder, went out to him. 4 The Rabshakeh said to them, 'Say to Hezekiah: This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: What is this confidence you rely on? 5 You say—it’s only empty words—‘I have advice and strength for war.’ But now, on whom do you trust that you have rebelled against me? 6 Look, you trust in the staff of this broken reed, Egypt, which if anyone leans on it, it will pierce their hand and wound them. So is Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to all who trust in him. 7 But if you say to me, ‘We trust in the LORD our God,’ isn’t He the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah removed, saying to Judah and Jerusalem, 'You must worship at this altar’? 8 Now then, make a wager with my master, the king of Assyria: I will give you two thousand horses—if you can provide riders for them! 9 How then can you turn away even one of the least of my master’s officials? And you rely on Egypt for chariots and horsemen? 10 Now, have I attacked this land to destroy it without the LORD’s approval? The LORD Himself told me, 'Go up against this land and destroy it.' 11 Then Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah said to the Rabshakeh, 'Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, since we understand it. Don’t speak to us in Hebrew in the hearing of the people on the wall.' 12 But the Rabshakeh replied, 'Has my master sent me only to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men sitting on the wall—who, like you, will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine?' 13 Then the Rabshakeh stood and called out in a loud voice in Hebrew: 'Hear the words of the great king, the king of Assyria! 14 This is what the king says: Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he cannot deliver you! 15 And do not let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD by saying, ‘The LORD will surely rescue us; this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.’ 16 Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and come out to me. Then each of you will eat from your own vine and your own fig tree and drink water from your own cistern, 17 until I come and take you to a land like your own—a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards. 18 Do not let Hezekiah mislead you by saying, ‘The LORD will deliver us.’ Have the gods of any nations ever delivered their lands from the hand of the king of Assyria? 19 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand? 20 Who among all the gods of these lands have delivered their land from my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem from my hand? 21 But the people remained silent and did not answer him a word, because the king had commanded, 'Do not answer him.' 22 Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah, who was over the household; Shebna, the scribe; and Joah son of Asaph, the recorder, came to Hezekiah with their clothes torn and reported to him the words of the Rabshakeh.
• Hos 12:1-2 : 1 Ephraim has surrounded me with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit. But Judah still walks with God and is faithful to the Holy One. 2 Ephraim feeds on the wind and pursues the east wind all day long. They multiply lies and violence, making a covenant with Assyria and sending oil to Egypt.
• 2 Chr 32:1-9 : 1 After these events and acts of faithfulness, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and entered Judah. He camped against the fortified cities, intending to break through them. 2 When Hezekiah realized that Sennacherib had come and was preparing for war against Jerusalem, 3 he consulted with his officials and warriors to stop the flow of the springs that were outside the city, and they supported him. 4 A large number of people gathered together, and they stopped up all the springs and the stream that flowed through the land, saying, "Why should the kings of Assyria come and find plenty of water?" 5 Hezekiah took courage and rebuilt all the broken sections of the wall. He built towers on it and constructed another wall outside it. He strengthened the Millo in the City of David and made plenty of weapons and shields. 6 He also appointed military commanders over the people and gathered them in the square at the city gate. He encouraged them, saying: 7 "Be strong and courageous! Do not be afraid or discouraged because of the king of Assyria and the vast army with him, for there is a greater power with us than with him. 8 With him is only an arm of flesh, but with us is the LORD our God to help us and to fight our battles." The people regained confidence from the words of Hezekiah king of Judah. 9 After this, while Sennacherib king of Assyria was at Lachish with all his forces, he sent his officials to Jerusalem to Hezekiah king of Judah and to all the people of Judah who were there, saying: 10 "This is what Sennacherib king of Assyria says: On what are you trusting, that you remain in Jerusalem under siege? 11 Isn't Hezekiah misleading you, leaving you to die by famine and thirst, by saying, 'The LORD our God will deliver us from the hand of the king of Assyria'? 12 Hasn't the same Hezekiah removed his high places and altars, saying to Judah and Jerusalem, 'You must worship before one altar and burn sacrifices on it'? 13 Do you not know what I and my ancestors have done to the peoples of the other lands? Were the gods of the nations of those lands able to deliver their land from my hand? 14 Who among all the gods of these nations that my ancestors utterly destroyed was able to deliver his people from my hand, that your God will be able to deliver you from my hand? 15 Now do not let Hezekiah deceive you or mislead you in this way, and do not believe him, for no god of any nation or kingdom has been able to deliver his people from my hand or the hand of my ancestors. How much less will your God save you from my hand? 16 His servants continued to speak against the LORD God and against His servant Hezekiah. 17 Sennacherib also wrote letters to ridicule the LORD, the God of Israel, and to say against Him, "Just as the gods of the nations of other lands did not deliver their people from my hand, so the God of Hezekiah will not deliver His people from my hand." 18 They called out loudly in Hebrew to the people of Jerusalem who were on the wall, to frighten and terrify them in order to capture the city. 19 They spoke about the God of Jerusalem as they did about the gods of the peoples of the earth—products of human hands. 20 King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz prayed about this and cried out to heaven. 21 And the LORD sent an angel, who annihilated all the fighting men and leaders and officials in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he withdrew in disgrace to his own land. When he went into the temple of his god, some of his own sons killed him there with the sword. 22 So the LORD saved Hezekiah and the people of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib king of Assyria and from the hand of all others. He took care of them on every side. 23 Many brought offerings to the LORD to Jerusalem and valuable gifts for Hezekiah king of Judah, so he was highly regarded by all the nations thereafter.
• Isa 7:17-25 : 17 The Lord will bring upon you, your people, and your father's house a time unlike any since Ephraim separated from Judah—he will bring the king of Assyria. 18 On that day the Lord will whistle for the flies at the farthest streams of Egypt and for the bees in the land of Assyria. 19 They will all come and settle in the steep ravines, in the crevices of the rocks, on all the thorn bushes, and in all the watering places. 20 On that day the Lord will use a razor hired from beyond the Euphrates—the king of Assyria—to shave your head, the hair of your legs, and also take off your beard. 21 On that day a man will keep alive a young cow and two goats. 22 And because of the abundance of milk they give, he will eat curds, for everyone left in the land will eat curds and honey. 23 On that day in every place where there were a thousand vines worth a thousand silver shekels, there will be only briers and thorns. 24 With bow and arrow people will go there, for the land will be covered with briers and thorns. 25 As for all the hills once cultivated with a hoe, you will no longer go there for fear of the briers and thorns; they will become places where cattle are turned loose and sheep run freely.
• Isa 8:7-8 : 7 therefore the Lord is about to bring against them the mighty and abundant waters of the River—the king of Assyria and all his splendor. It will overflow all its channels and spill over all its banks. 8 It will sweep into Judah, flooding and passing through; it will reach up to the neck. Its outspread wings will cover the entire breadth of your land, O Immanuel.
• Isa 10:5 : 5 Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger, in whose hands is the staff of My indignation!