2 Kings 18:12

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

This happened because they did not obey the voice of the LORD their God but violated His covenant—all that Moses, the servant of the LORD, had commanded. They neither listened nor carried it out.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

עַ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִית֔וֹ אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ וְלֹ֥א עָשֽׂוּ׃

Transliteration

Because ʾasher not shamʿu to qol YHWH ʾelohehem and wayyaʿavru ʾet-bərito, ʾet all ʾasher tsivvah Mosheh ʿeved YHWH, and not shamʿu and not ʿasu.

Grammar Details

• *ʾasher*: relative particle - who/which/that
• *shamʿu*: Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they heard/listened/obeyed
• *qol*: noun, masculine singular construct - voice of
• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name
• *ʾelohehem*: noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God
• *wayyaʿavru*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they transgressed
• *bərito*: noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his covenant
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *tsivvah*: Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded
• *Mosheh*: proper noun, masculine singular
• *ʿeved*: noun, masculine singular construct - servant of
• *ʿasu*: Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did

Word Meanings

• *shamʿu*: listened to/obeyed/heeded
• *wayyaʿavru*: transgressed/violated/broke
• *ʿasu*: did/performed/carried out

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  because they did not obey the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded, and neither would they listen to them nor do them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  because they obeyed not the voice of Jehovah their God, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded, and would not hear it, nor do it.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And all because they herkened not vnto the voyce of the LORDE their God, and had transgressed his couenaunt: And as for all that Moses the seruaunt of the LORDE had commaunded the, they had nether herkened vnto eny of those, ner done them.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Because they woulde not obey the voyce of the Lord their God, but transgressed his couenant: that is, all that Moses the seruant of the Lord had commanded, and would neyther obey nor doe them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Because they woulde not hearken vnto the voyce of the Lord their God, but transgressed his appoyntment, and all that Moyses the seruaunt of the Lorde commaunded: and would neither heare them, nor do them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, [and] all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear [them], nor do [them].

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  because they didn't obey the voice of Yahweh their God, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded, and would not hear it, nor do it.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  because that they have not hearkened to the voice of Jehovah their God, and transgress His covenant -- all that He commanded Moses, servant of Jehovah -- yea, they have not hearkened nor done `it'.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  because they obeyed not the voice of Jehovah their God, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded, and would not hear it, nor do it.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  because they obeyed not the voice of Jehovah their God, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded, and would not hear it, nor do it.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Because they did not give ear to the voice of the Lord their God, but went against his agreement, even against everything ordered by Moses, the servant of the Lord, and they did not give ear to it or do it.

• World English Bible (2000)

  because they didn't obey the voice of Yahweh their God, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded, and would not hear it, nor do it.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This happened because they did not obey the LORD their God and broke his covenant with them. They did not pay attention to and obey all that Moses, the LORD’s servant, had commanded.

Referenced Verses

• Num 12:7 : 7 But this is not the case with My servant Moses; he is faithful in all My house.
• Deut 8:20 : 20 Like the nations that the Lord is destroying before you, so you will perish if you do not obey the voice of the Lord your God.
• Deut 11:28 : 28 and the curse if you do not obey the commandments of the LORD your God but turn aside from the way I command you today by following other gods, which you have not known.
• Deut 29:24-28 : 24 And they will answer, 'It is because they abandoned the covenant of the LORD, the God of their ancestors, which He made with them when He brought them out of the land of Egypt. 25 They turned to other gods and worshiped and bowed down to them, gods they did not know and gods the LORD had not given to them.' 26 Therefore the LORD’s anger burned against this land, bringing upon it every curse written in this book. 27 In His anger and great wrath, the LORD uprooted them from their land and cast them into another land, as it is today. 28 The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may follow all the words of this law.
• Deut 31:17 : 17 On that day, my anger will burn against them, and I will abandon them and hide my face from them, and they will be consumed. Many disasters and calamities will come upon them, and on that day they will say, 'Have not these disasters come upon us because our God is not with us?'
• Deut 34:5 : 5 And Moses, the servant of the Lord, died there in the land of Moab, as the Lord had said.
• Josh 1:1 : 1 After the death of Moses, the servant of the LORD, the LORD spoke to Joshua, son of Nun, Moses’ assistant, saying:
• 1 Kgs 9:6 : 6 'But if you or your descendants turn away from Me and do not keep My commands and statutes that I have given you, and you go and serve other gods and bow down to them,
• 2 Kgs 17:7-9 : 7 This happened because the Israelites sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods. 8 They followed the practices of the nations whom the Lord had driven out before the Israelites, as well as the practices of the kings of Israel that they themselves had introduced. 9 The Israelites secretly did things against the Lord their God that were not right. They built high places in all their towns, from watchtower to fortified city. 10 They set up for themselves sacred pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every leafy tree. 11 There, on all the high places, they burned incense as the nations whom the Lord had driven out before them had done. They did wicked things that provoked the Lord to anger. 12 They served idols, about which the Lord had said to them, 'You shall not do this thing.' 13 Yet the Lord warned Israel and Judah through all His prophets and seers, saying, 'Turn back from your evil ways and keep My commandments and statutes according to the entire law I commanded your fathers to follow, and which I sent to you through My servants the prophets.' 14 But they would not listen. Instead, they hardened their necks like their fathers who did not believe in the Lord their God. 15 They despised His statutes, His covenant that He made with their fathers, and His warnings He gave them. They followed worthless idols and became worthless themselves. They imitated the nations around them, though the Lord had commanded them not to do so. 16 They abandoned all the commandments of the Lord their God. They made for themselves two cast idols in the form of calves, made an Asherah pole, worshiped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. 17 They sacrificed their sons and daughters in the fire, practiced divination and sorcery, and sold themselves to do what was evil in the sight of the Lord, provoking Him to anger. 18 So the Lord became very angry with Israel and removed them from His presence. Only the tribe of Judah was left. 19 But even Judah did not keep the commandments of the Lord their God. They followed the practices of Israel as the Israelites had done. 20 Therefore the Lord rejected all the descendants of Israel, afflicted them, and handed them over to plunderers until He had cast them out of His presence. 21 For when Israel was torn from the house of David, they made Jeroboam son of Nebat king. Jeroboam drove Israel away from following the Lord and led them into great sin. 22 The Israelites persisted in all the sins Jeroboam committed and did not turn away from them. 23 Finally, the Lord removed Israel from His presence as He had declared through all His servants the prophets. So the Israelites were exiled from their own land to Assyria, and they remain there to this day.
• Neh 9:17 : 17 They refused to listen and did not remember the wonders You performed among them. They stiffened their necks and appointed a leader to return to their slavery in Egypt. But You are a forgiving God, gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and abundant in faithful love, and You did not abandon them.
• Neh 9:26-27 : 26 But they were disobedient and rebelled against You. They cast Your law behind their backs and killed Your prophets who warned them to turn back to You. They committed terrible blasphemies. 27 So You handed them over to their enemies, who oppressed them. But in their time of distress, they cried out to You, and You heard from heaven. In Your great mercy, You gave them deliverers, who rescued them from the hand of their enemies.
• Ps 107:17 : 17 Some became fools because of their rebellious ways and suffered because of their sins.
• Isa 1:19 : 19 If you are willing and obedient, you will eat the best of the land.
• Jer 3:8 : 8 I gave faithless Israel her certificate of divorce and sent her away because of all her adulteries. Yet I saw that her unfaithful sister Judah had no fear; she also went out and prostituted herself.
• Jer 7:23 : 23 But this is what I commanded them: Listen to my voice, and I will be your God, and you will be my people. Walk in all the ways I command you, so that it may go well with you.
• Dan 9:6-9 : 6 We have not listened to Your servants the prophets, who spoke in Your name to our kings, our rulers, our ancestors, and to all the people of the land. 7 Lord, righteousness belongs to You, but shame covers our faces today—to the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and all Israel, both near and far, in all the countries where You have driven them because of their unfaithfulness to You. 8 O LORD, shame covers us—our kings, our rulers, and our ancestors—because we have sinned against You. 9 The Lord our God is merciful and forgiving, even though we have rebelled against Him. 10 We have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God by following His instructions, which He gave us through His servants the prophets. 11 All Israel has transgressed Your law and turned away, refusing to obey Your voice. So the curse and oath written in the Law of Moses, the servant of God, have been poured out on us because we have sinned against Him.
• Mic 3:4 : 4 Then they will cry out to the LORD, but He will not answer them. He will hide His face from them at that time because of the evil they have done.
• 2 Thess 1:8 : 8 In flaming fire, inflicting vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus.
• 2 Tim 2:24 : 24 And the servant of the Lord must not be quarrelsome but must be gentle to everyone, able to teach, and patient when wronged.
• Heb 3:5-6 : 5 Moses was faithful in all God's house as a servant, to testify to what would be spoken later. 6 But Christ is faithful as the Son over God's house. And we are his house, if indeed we hold firmly to our confidence and the hope in which we boast.
• 1 Pet 2:8 : 8 and, 'a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.' They stumble because they disobey the word, as they were determined to do.
• 1 Pet 4:17 : 17 For it is time for judgment to begin with the house of God, and if it begins with us, what will become of those who disobey the gospel of God?