Jeremiah 44:30

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

This is what the LORD says: Behold, I will hand Pharaoh Hophra, king of Egypt, over to his enemies who want to kill him, just as I handed Zedekiah, king of Judah, over to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִ֣י נֹ֠תֵן אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֨ה חָפְרַ֤ע מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֹֽיְבָ֔יו וּבְיַ֖ד מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשׁ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֜תִּי אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֗ה בְּיַ֨ד נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֹיְב֖וֹ וּמְבַקֵּ֥שׁ נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃

Transliteration

kōh ʾāmar YHWH hinənî nōṯēn ʾeṯ-parʿōh ḥop̄raʿ meleḵ-miṣrayim in-yad ʾōyəḇāyw and-in-yad məḇaqšê nap̄šô kaʾăšer nāṯattî ʾeṯ-ṣidqiyyāhû meleḵ-yəhûdâ in-yad nəḇûḵadreṣṣar meleḵ-bāḇel ʾōyəḇô and-məḇaqqēš nap̄šô

Grammar Details

• *kōh*: adverb - 'thus'
• *ʾāmar*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'said'
• *YHWH*: divine name
• *hinənî*: interjection + 1st common singular suffix - 'behold me'
• *nōṯēn*: Qal participle, masculine singular - 'giving'
• *parʿōh*: proper noun - 'Pharaoh'
• *ḥop̄raʿ*: proper noun - 'Hophra'
• *meleḵ*: noun, masculine singular construct - 'king of'
• *miṣrayim*: proper noun - 'Egypt'
• *yad*: noun, feminine singular construct - 'hand of'
• *ʾōyəḇāyw*: noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his enemies'
• *məḇaqšê*: Piel participle, masculine plural construct - 'seekers of'
• *nap̄šô*: noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his life/soul'
• *kaʾăšer*: conjunction + relative particle - 'just as'
• *nāṯattî*: Qal perfect, 1st common singular - 'I gave'
• *ṣidqiyyāhû*: proper noun - 'Zedekiah'
• *yəhûdâ*: proper noun - 'Judah'
• *nəḇûḵadreṣṣar*: proper noun - 'Nebuchadnezzar'
• *bāḇel*: proper noun - 'Babylon'
• *ʾōyəḇô*: noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his enemy'
• *məḇaqqēš*: Piel participle, masculine singular construct - 'seeker of'

Word Meanings

• *kōh*: thus/so/in this manner
• *ʾāmar*: said/spoke/declared
• *hinənî*: behold me/here I am
• *nōṯēn*: giving/placing/delivering
• *yad*: hand/power/control
• *ʾōyəḇāyw*: his enemies/foes/adversaries
• *məḇaqšê*: seekers of/those who seek
• *nap̄šô*: his life/soul/person
• *kaʾăšer*: just as/according to/in the same way that
• *nāṯattî*: I gave/placed/delivered
• *ʾōyəḇô*: his enemy/foe/adversary
• *məḇaqqēš*: seeker of/one who seeks

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaoh-hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and that sought his life.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Thus says the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of those who seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and who sought his life.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaohhophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and that sought his life.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith{H559} Jehovah,{H3068} Behold, I will give{H5414} Pharaoh Hophra{H6548} king{H4428} of Egypt{H4714} into the hand{H3027} of his enemies,{H341} and into the hand{H3027} of them that seek{H1245} his life;{H5315} as I gave{H5414} Zedekiah{H6667} king{H4428} of Judah{H3063} into the hand{H3027} of Nebuchadrezzar{H5019} king{H4428} of Babylon,{H894} who was his enemy,{H341} and sought{H1245} his life.{H5315}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith{H559}{(H8804)} the LORD{H3068}; Behold, I will give{H5414}{(H8802)} Pharaohhophra{H6548} king{H4428} of Egypt{H4714} into the hand{H3027} of his enemies{H341}{(H8802)}, and into the hand{H3027} of them that seek{H1245}{(H8764)} his life{H5315}; as I gave{H5414}{(H8804)} Zedekiah{H6667} king{H4428} of Judah{H3063} into the hand{H3027} of Nebuchadrezzar{H5019} king{H4428} of Babylon{H894}, his enemy{H341}{(H8802)}, and that sought{H1245}{(H8764)} his life{H5315}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Beholde (saieth the LORDE I wil delyuer Pharao Ophram kynge of Egipte in to the hondes of his enemies, yt seke after his life: euen as I gaue Sedechias the kynge of Iuda in to the hondes of Nabuchodonosor kige of Babilo, which sought after his life.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus sayth the Lord, Beholde, I will giue Pharaoh Hophra King of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seeke his life: as I gaue Zedekiah King of Iudah into the hand of Nebuchad-nezzar King of Babel his enemie, who also sought his life.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Beholde saith the Lorde, I wyll deliuer Pharao Hophrea kyng of Egypt, into the handes of his enemies that seeke after his lyfe: euen as I gaue Zedekias the kyng of Iuda into the handes of Nabuchodonozor kyng of Babylon his enemie, whiche sought after his life.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaohhophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and that sought his life.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says Yahweh, Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of those who seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, who was his enemy, and sought his life.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thus said Jehovah, Lo, I am giving Pharaoh-Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of those seeking his life, as I have given Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and who is seeking his life.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah, Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, who was his enemy, and sought his life.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah, Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, who was his enemy, and sought his life.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The Lord has said, See, I will give up Pharaoh Hophra, king of Egypt, into the hands of those who are fighting against him and desiring to take his life, as I gave Zedekiah, king of Judah, into the hands of Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon, his hater, who had designs against his life.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says Yahweh, Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of those who seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, who was his enemy, and sought his life.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  I, the LORD, promise that I will hand Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt over to his enemies who are seeking to kill him. I will do that just as surely as I handed King Zedekiah of Judah over to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, his enemy who was seeking to kill him.’”

Referenced Verses

• 2 Kgs 25:4-7 : 4 Then the city wall was breached, and all the warriors fled at night through the gate between the two walls near the king's garden, even though the Chaldeans were surrounding the city. They escaped toward the Arabah. 5 But the army of the Chaldeans pursued the king and overtook him in the plains of Jericho. All his troops scattered away from him. 6 They captured the king and brought him to the king of Babylon at Riblah, where they passed judgment on him. 7 The sons of Zedekiah were slaughtered before his eyes, and then his eyes were blinded. They bound him with bronze shackles and took him to Babylon.
• Jer 34:21 : 21 And I will hand over Zedekiah king of Judah and his officials into the hand of their enemies, into the hand of those who seek their lives, and into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon that has withdrawn from you.
• Jer 39:5-7 : 5 But the Chaldean army pursued them, overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho, captured him, and brought him to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, at Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he pronounced judgment on him. 6 The king of Babylon slaughtered the sons of Zedekiah at Riblah, before his very eyes, and also killed all the nobles of Judah. 7 He then blinded Zedekiah’s eyes and bound him with bronze chains to take him to Babylon.
• Jer 43:9-9 : 9 Take some large stones in your hands, and set them in mortar in the brick pavement at the entrance to Pharaoh's palace in Tahpanhes, in the sight of the men of Judah. 10 Then say to them, ‘This is what the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: I am about to send for and bring Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, my servant, and I will set his throne above these stones that I have embedded here, and he will spread his royal canopy over them. 11 He will come and attack the land of Egypt. Those destined for death will go to death, those destined for captivity to captivity, and those destined for the sword to the sword. 12 I will set fire to the temples of the gods of Egypt, and he will burn them and take them captive. He will wrap himself in the land of Egypt as a shepherd wraps himself in his garment, and he will depart from there in peace. 13 He will smash the sacred pillars of the temple of the sun in the land of Egypt, and he will burn the temples of the gods of Egypt with fire.
• Ezek 30:21 : 21 'Son of man, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. It has not been bound up to be healed or bandaged to make it strong enough to grasp a sword.'
• Ezek 31:18-32:32 : 18 To whom can you be compared in glory and greatness among the trees of Eden? Yet you too will be brought down to the lower earth, lying among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the Lord GOD. 1 In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 2 Son of man, sing a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him, 'You consider yourself like a young lion among the nations, but you are like a sea monster in the seas; you thrash about in your rivers, stir the waters with your feet, and muddy their streams.' 3 This is what the Lord GOD says: 'I will spread my net over you with a vast assembly of many peoples, and they will draw you up in my dragnet. 4 I will leave you on the land, hurl you onto the open field. I will make all the birds of the heavens settle on you, and the wild beasts of the earth will feast on you. 5 I will scatter your flesh on the mountains and fill the valleys with your remains. 6 I will soak the land with your blood, right up to the mountains; and the ravines will be filled with your masses. 7 When I extinguish you, I will cover the heavens and darken their stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon will not give its light. 8 All the shining lights in the sky I will darken over you, and I will bring darkness over your land, declares the Lord GOD. 9 I will trouble the hearts of many peoples when I bring about your ruin among the nations, in lands you do not know. 10 I will cause many peoples to be appalled at you, and their kings will shudder in horror over you when I brandish my sword before them. They will tremble every moment, each for their lives, on the day of your downfall. 11 For this is what the Lord GOD says: 'The sword of the king of Babylon will come against you.' 12 By the swords of mighty warriors, the most ruthless of all nations, I will bring down your horde. They will ravage the pride of Egypt, and all its hordes will be destroyed. 13 I will destroy all its cattle beside many waters, so no human foot will stir them up again, nor will the hooves of cattle stir them up. 14 Then I will let their waters settle and make their rivers flow like oil, declares the Lord GOD. 15 When I make the land of Egypt desolate and lay waste everything in it, striking down all who live there, then they will know that I am the LORD. 16 This is a lamentation, and the daughters of the nations will chant it. They will chant it for Egypt and all her multitude, declares the Lord GOD. 17 In the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 18 Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and bring her and the daughters of mighty nations down to the earth below, to those who go down to the pit. 19 Who do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised. 20 They will fall among those slain by the sword. The sword is drawn; drag her down along with all her multitudes. 21 The mighty chiefs will speak of them from the midst of Sheol, with their allies. They have gone down, lying with the uncircumcised, slain by the sword. 22 Assyria is there with all her company, their graves all around, all of them slain, fallen by the sword. 23 Their graves are set in the depths of the pit, and her company is all around her grave, all of them slain, fallen by the sword, spreading terror in the land of the living. 24 Elam is there with all her multitude around her grave, all of them slain, fallen by the sword. They went down uncircumcised to the earth below, having spread their terror in the land of the living. They bear their disgrace with those who go down to the pit. 25 A bed is made for them among the slain with all their multitude. Their graves are around them, all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword. Though their terror was spread in the land of the living, they bear their disgrace with those who go down to the pit; they are placed among the slain. 26 Meshech and Tubal are there with all their multitude, their graves surround them, all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword. Though they spread their terror in the land of the living, 27 They do not lie with the mighty who have fallen among the uncircumcised, who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war, whose swords were laid under their heads. Their iniquities rest upon their bones, for the terror of the mighty was in the land of the living. 28 But you too will be broken and will lie among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword. 29 Edom is there with her kings and all her princes, who despite their might, are laid with those killed by the sword. They will lie with the uncircumcised and with those who go down to the pit. 30 There lie the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians, who went down with the slain in their terror because of their might. They lie uncircumcised with those slain by the sword, bearing their shame with those who go down to the pit. 31 Pharaoh will see them and will be comforted for all his multitude, Pharaoh and all his army, slain by the sword, declares the Lord GOD. 32 For I placed my terror in the land of the living, and he will be laid among the uncircumcised with those slain by the sword, Pharaoh and all his multitude, declares the Lord GOD.
• Jer 46:13-26 : 13 This is the word that the Lord spoke to Jeremiah the prophet about Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, coming to strike the land of Egypt. 14 Announce it in Egypt, proclaim it in Migdol; proclaim it also in Memphis and Tahpanhes: 'Take your positions and prepare yourself, for the sword has devoured those around you.' 15 Why has your strong one been swept away? He did not stand because the Lord drove him away. 16 He caused many to stumble; they fell one upon another. They said, 'Get up! Let us return to our own people and our homeland, away from the oppressing sword.' 17 'Pharaoh, king of Egypt, is nothing but noise; he has missed his opportunity,' they said. 18 As surely as I live, declares the King, whose name is the Lord of Hosts, one will come like Tabor among the mountains, like Carmel by the sea. 19 Prepare your belongings for exile, you who live in Egypt, for Memphis will become a desolation, a ruin without inhabitants. 20 Egypt is a beautiful heifer, but a stinging gadfly from the north is coming against her. 21 Even her mercenaries in her midst are like fattened calves; they too will turn and flee together. They cannot stand, for the day of their calamity has come upon them, the time of their punishment. 22 Her voice will hiss like a serpent as they advance in force; with axes they come against her, like those who cut down trees. 23 They will cut down her forest, declares the Lord, though it is dense. They are more numerous than locusts; they cannot be counted. 24 The Daughter of Egypt will be put to shame; she will be handed over to people from the north. 25 The Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: 'See, I am about to punish Amon of Thebes, Pharaoh, Egypt, her gods, her kings, Pharaoh, and those who trust in him.' 26 I will hand them over to those who want to take their lives, to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his servants. But afterward, Egypt will be inhabited again as in ancient days,' declares the Lord.
• Jer 52:8-9 : 8 The Chaldean army pursued King Zedekiah and overtook him in the plains of Jericho. His entire army scattered and abandoned him. 9 They seized the king and brought him to the king of Babylon at Riblah, in the land of Hamath. There, he pronounced judgment on him. 10 The king of Babylon killed Zedekiah’s sons before his eyes, and he also executed all the officials of Judah at Riblah. 11 Then he blinded Zedekiah’s eyes and bound him in bronze shackles. The king of Babylon took him to Babylon and kept him in prison until the day he died.
• Ezek 29:1-9 : 1 In the tenth year, on the twelfth day of the tenth month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, set your face against Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and all Egypt. 3 Speak and say, 'This is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster lying in the midst of his rivers, who says, ‘The Nile is mine; I made it for myself.’ 4 I will put hooks in your jaws, and make the fish of your rivers cling to your scales. I will pull you up from among your rivers, and all the fish of your rivers will cling to your scales. 5 I will leave you in the desert—you and all the fish of your rivers. You will fall on the open fields, and you will not be gathered or buried. I have given you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the heavens. 6 Then all the inhabitants of Egypt will know that I am the LORD, because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel. 7 When they grasped you with their hands, you splintered and tore all their shoulders; and when they leaned on you, you broke, making their backs give way. 8 Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am bringing a sword against you, and I will cut off both man and beast from among you. 9 The land of Egypt will become a desolate waste. Then they will know that I am the LORD. Because he said, 'The Nile is mine; I made it,' 10 therefore, I am against you and your rivers, and I will make the land of Egypt a ruin and a waste from Migdol to Syene, as far as the border of Cush. 11 No foot of man or beast will pass through it; it will be uninhabited for forty years. 12 I will make the land of Egypt a desolation in the midst of desolate lands, and her cities will be among ruined cities—a desolation for forty years. I will disperse the Egyptians among the nations and scatter them through the lands. 13 For this is what the Lord GOD says: At the end of forty years, I will gather Egypt from the peoples where they were scattered. 14 I will restore the fortunes of Egypt and bring them back to the land of Pathros, the land of their origin. There they will be a lowly kingdom. 15 It will be the lowliest of kingdoms and will never again exalt itself above the nations. I will diminish them so that they will not rule over the nations anymore. 16 It will no longer be a source of confidence for the house of Israel, bringing their guilt to mind when they turn to Egypt for help. Then they will know that I am the Lord GOD. 17 In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying: 18 Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre; every head was rubbed bare and every shoulder made raw. But neither he nor his army received wages from Tyre for the labor he had performed against it. 19 Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. He will carry off her wealth, her plunder, and her loot as wages for his army. 20 As payment for the labor he performed, I have given him the land of Egypt, because they worked for me, declares the Lord GOD. 21 On that day I will cause a horn to sprout for the house of Israel, and I will open your mouth among them. Then they will know that I am the LORD.